Building &co issue n4

Bui lding & Co | MAY 2013 1

Issu

e no

. 4 |

MAY

20

13

Villaggio “The Making Off” / Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activities / Facility Management

/ LED Lighting Solutions / Real Estate Investment Companies / Hazardous Chemicals in

Construction / Setting Up A Baked Floor / Towards A Better Future

Love for mater ials ,r ig id controls .

LED l ight ing meetsthe elegance.

NEXO LUCE MIDDLE EASTKhazen Tower Blvd Mirna Chalouhi

Greater Beirut - Lebanon

T +961 1 480609 • F +961 1 512341

[email protected]

NEXO LUCEContrada Selvole 54

46042 Castel Goffredo MN - Italy

T +39 0376 771513 • F +39 0376 772235

[email protected]


Issu

e no

. 4 |

MAY

20

13 Contents

Cover.The tree and its wood have played a prominent role in human life throughout history. Wood has been one of our most important building materials from early Paleolithic times, both for building and for the manufacture of tools.

Love for mater ials ,r ig id controls .

LED l ight ing meetsthe elegance.

NEXO LUCE MIDDLE EASTKhazen Tower Blvd Mirna Chalouhi

Greater Beirut - Lebanon

T +961 1 480609 • F +961 1 512341

[email protected]

NEXO LUCEContrada Selvole 54

46042 Castel Goffredo MN - Italy

T +39 0376 771513 • F +39 0376 772235

[email protected]

Towards A Better Future

P. 50

LED Lighting Solutions

P. 20

Real Estate Investment Companies

P. 30

Villaggio “The Making Off”

P. 6

Setting Up A Baked Floor

P. 38

Construction Materials

P. 46

Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activities

P. 14

Hazardous Chemicals in Construction

P. 34

Facility Management

P. 18

Pho

to ©

Mic

hel E

l Est

a

4 Bui lding & Co | MAY 2013

Editorial

APAVE Liban’s new magazine Building & Co. is already in its fourth iteration, on its quest to inform the professional world about all pertinent subjects relevant to the construction sector, particularly those relating to innovation.

Innovation today is essential for the development of the sector, as well as the world’s quest for technologies and machineries that are more reliable and friendly to the environment. Building engineers are also increasingly required to take into consideration security, comfort and the environmental impact of their designs.

Founded in 1957 by a consortium of professional federations, CHEC has, since its inception, strived to provide the formation needed by specialists in the civil engineering field. Its mission logically places it at the crossroads between the professional and academic worlds; natural loci for innovation.Its international reach contributes to enriching professional formation, in itself a facilitator for the development of innovation. As such, it is my pleasure to remind the readers that among CHEC’s alumni are 150 Lebanese nationals, the oldest of whom graduated in 1959!

I therefore would like to thank Nassib Nasr who continues to keep this cooperative endeavor alive.

Dominique ViéDirector of CHEC

“Centre des Hautes Etudes de la Construction”

General ManagerNassib Nasr

Managing EditorDaniella Mazraani Aizarani

PhotographerMichel El Esta

Layout & DesignEcho s.a.r.l.

Copy-Editor & TranslatorKamal Fayad

ConsultantAlec Ibrahim

PrintingHaroun PrintingTel / Fax: 01-898745 / 6 www.harounprinting.com

Edition ApavePublished quarterly

Special thanks APAVE team

Distributed byMEDIAREPTel/Fax: 961 1 495395www.mediarep.ws

We appreciate your comments:Please CONTACT US. we need your input with any suggestions or comments at:[email protected]: +961-1-283072Fax: +961-1-295010




Villaggio“The Making Off”

Rasha BohsaliOperat ions and Business Development Manager – ALAMCO Group


A first in Lebanon!

The Villaggio Piccolo Italian dining garden and Limoncello coffee shop, comprised of a timber frame two story structure with kitchens, storage areas and office space, was erected in only 6 weeks in Mina el Hosn, Beirut.

The construction of this 750sqm wood structure effectively marries two techniques: timber frame dry-wall technology and glulam timber. The main pavilions (restaurant and coffee shop) were assembled roof first and lifted by crane to position the glulam carrying columns. The roof structures include a thermal insulation layer and are covered by bitumen shingles sheet. The timber frame two-story structure was produced and assembled on site and is composed of insulated and larch cladded external walls, internal partitions, an intermediary glulam ceiling element and a one-sloped insulated roof also covered in shingles.

This innovative and intelligent construction process was possible by translating the company’s European know-how and bridging it to the Lebanese market. All the material including the wood structure, insulation, cladding and covering, including fixations and accessories, was tailor ordered from Germany and shipped to Lebanon to satisfy the specific needs of the project. The assembly team also travelled to Beirut to guarantee the proper assembly and erection of the project, and that in record time!

Why Wood?

While wood is a versatile resource, it is also a living material with endless variations. It requires knowledge and expertise, careful handling and a different creative approach than other building materials.

The tree is a recycling factory. It endlessly transforms the same materials, water, carbon dioxide, again and again, into water and oxygen. Wood is a simple but not simplistic material. It has sensuousness and toughness. It responds to insight as well as intellect. It can be poetic and pragmatic. It has unity with diversity. But it needs knowledge and respect and an architectural and engineering culture to grow it in.

The natural appeal, versatility and strength of timber make it the superior choice for external cladding.

Erection of the 250sqm roof structure.


STEP 1: TRanSlaTion of aRchiTEcTuRal dESign inTo ExEcuTion dRaWingS

Static studies and calculations following the implemen-tation of EUROCODE 5:

Scope of En 1995EN 1995 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in timber (solid timber, sawn, planed or in pole form, glued laminated timber or wood-based structural products, e.g. LVL) or wood-based panels jointed together with adhesives or mechanical fasteners. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures and the basis of design and verification given in EN 1990:2002.

EN 1995 is concerned with requirements for mechanical resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of timber structures.

STEP 2: choicE of maTERialS and dElivERy

What is glulam timber?

Definition of Glulam: Glulam or Glued-laminated timber consists of a minimum of four timber laminates of 35mm (min) thickness glued together. Glulam with no theoretical limits on section size, length or shape is ideally suited for use in structural systems, especially medium to large span roof structures. It is commonly used as roof beams, portal frames, arches, floor beams and columns. Other possible uses are for beam grillages, include shell structures and domes.

ExTERnal cladding in laRch European wood

While the structure could have been dressed with any material such as stone, paint or composite materials, the choice of LARCH was retained for its natural durability to withstand exposure to the sun, heat and humidity and its light caramelized color which will naturally go grey with UV exposure.

Through specification, planning, design and finishing processes, timber cladding not only creates a building of superior strength, acoustic and thermal performance but also creates a place of beauty, style and natural appeal. No other cladding material can offer the design freedom, ease of handling, range and natural beauty of timber.

Open kitchen bar area.STEP 3: ExEcuTion

WEEK 1: Mobilization of European execution teams on site and material deliveryWEEK 2-3: Production and assembly of the timber frame 2 floor structures composed of the kitchens, storage areas, guest bathrooms and a complete floor of offices (approximately 400sqm construction)WEEK 4: Assembly and erection of the coffee shop roof structure. (approximately 100sqm construction)WEEK 5: Assembly and erection of the main pavilion roof structure (approximately 250sqm construction)WEEK 6: External larch wood cladding, waterproofing and shingle roofing the complete project.At a later stage: Installation of the glulam larch wood pergolas in the gardens.

advanTagES• Time• Precision• CleanSite• Deliveryofafinishedproduct• Respect of the latest European norms and

performances

closing wordFor centuries, wood has been known as the most noble material. ALAMCO’s carpenters and technicians give wood its just value and the respect it deserves when creating super structures.

We are proud of our expertise in wood works and innovative solutions to erect super structures in the fastest timeframes.

www.alamco.eu


100

40

60

140100 20

4010

060

20

60

100

60

TYP A

TYP B

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

2Sparrenköpfe

1:10

AlamcoBeirut

16.03.2012 T. Brand

16.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort

Zust Änderung Datum Name

Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung

Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb

kw-holzIngenieurgesellschaft mbH

TYP A

TYP B

General Specifications

External wall element Shingles roof covering External Larch wood cladding

Ceiling element Glulam beam design Glulam timber beam roof structure (essence: Spruce)


Unterzug, KH160/480

3802

4042

5858

4442

C`

3500 3500

7000

3´ 2´ 1´

0

First 5900

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

AlamcoBeirut

06.06.2012

06.06.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung

Schnitt 2 2

1:50

T.Brand



HP10

HP12

HP12

HP11

HP13

HP14

3230 3350 350010080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´

0

20

20

300

320

2760

3080

150

3230

150

3380

3050

6430

150

6580

150

6730

3030

9760

300

1006

0

20

1008

0

7000

21

6979 2006779

3129

3650 1503500 15

03350

3129

221 20021

21

0

0

128 12868

196

4965

5161

128 5289

1465

675468

6822

128 6950

3015

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

Übersicht

1:50

AlamcoBeirut

11.06.2012

11.06.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung

-

L.Blum



106

106

107

107

100

101

108

101

101 101

101

101

102

103

103

102

3230 3350 3500

10080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´ 0

105

104

104

105

Abbunddaten: 00002.bvn; Pos. 100 ff.Holzliste GL24 und GL24h

Holzliste C24

Listen Ständerwände

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

100Coffee Shop

1:50

AlamcoBeirut

28.03.2012 T. Brand

28.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



123

117

111

109

110

112

118

124

130

129

128

126

122

120

116

114113

115

119

121

125

127131132

123

117

111

109

110

112

118

124

130

129122

120

116

114

113

115

119

121

125

128

126

127131 132

3230 3350 3500

10080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´

Abbunddaten: 00001.bvn; Pos. 100 ff.

D´

C`

B`

A´

3´

2´

1´

HP10

HP12

HP12

HP11

HP13

HP14

3230 3350 3500

10080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´

Holzwerkstoffplatten-Netto-Fläche

Nr. Pos. Benennung Stk. Profil Material Breite

[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

E-Flä

[qm]

Fläche

[qm]

1 133 Beplankung 1 KH12.5/5170 Fermacell 0.0 5.2 6.6 31.7 31.7

2 134 Beplankung 1 KH15/5142 Fermacell-HD 0.0 5.1 3.0 14.0 14.0







12 183.0

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)


[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 142 Schwelle 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 6.6 0.05 0.05

2 143 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 5.1 0.03 0.03

3 144 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 5.0 0.04 0.04

4 145 Ständer 3 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 5.0 0.03 0.09

5 146 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.9 0.03 0.03

6 147 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.9 0.04 0.04

7 148 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.8 0.03 0.03

8 149 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.7 0.04 0.04

9 150 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.03 0.03

10 155 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.5 0.04 0.04

11 156 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.5 0.03 0.03

12 157 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.4 0.03 0.03

13 158 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.3 0.03 0.03

14 159 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.2 0.03 0.03

15 160 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.1 0.03 0.03

16 161 Ständer 2 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.1 0.02 0.05

17 162 Ständer 24 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.7 0.03 0.72

18 163 Rähm 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.2 0.03 0.03

19 164 Schwelle 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.03 0.05

20 165 Rähm 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.03 0.05

21 166 Schwelle 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.0 0.02 0.02

22 167 Schwelle 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.02 0.04

23 168 Rähm 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.02 0.04

24 169 Schwelle 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.4 0.02 0.02

25 170 Rähm 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.02 0.02

26 174 Rähm 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.02 0.02

56 1.62



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 100 Unterzug 1 KH160/480 GL24h 0.160 0.480 7.000 7.0 0.54 0.54

2 101 Stütze 6 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 4.142 24.8 0.25 1.49

3 102 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 4.142 8.3 0.25 0.50

4 103 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 4.142 8.3 0.25 0.50

5 104 Gratsparren 2 KH180/280 GL24h 0.180 0.280 7.611 15.2 0.38 0.77


7 106 Pfette 2 KH160/240 GL24 0.160 0.240 10.080 20.2 0.39 0.77

8 107 Pfette 2 KH160/240 GL24 0.160 0.240 7.000 14.0 0.27 0.54

9 108 Firstpfosten 1 KH160/240 GL24h 0.160 0.240 1.367 1.4 0.05 0.05

20 114.4 5.92



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 109 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 5.693 11.4 0.09 0.18

2 110 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 5.632 11.3 0.09 0.18

3 111 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.565 9.1 0.07 0.15

4 112 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.504 9.0 0.07 0.14

5 113 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.234 8.5 0.07 0.14

6 114 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.234 8.5 0.07 0.14

7 115 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.620 7.2 0.06 0.12

8 116 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.620 7.2 0.06 0.12

9 117 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.429 6.9 0.05 0.11

10 118 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.369 6.7 0.05 0.11

11 119 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.007 6.0 0.05 0.10

12 120 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.007 6.0 0.05 0.10

13 121 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.394 4.8 0.04 0.08

14 122 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.394 4.8 0.04 0.08

15 123 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.263 4.5 0.04 0.07

16 124 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.233 4.5 0.04 0.07

17 125 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.780 3.6 0.03 0.06

18 126 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.780 3.6 0.03 0.06

19 127 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.167 2.3 0.02 0.04

20 128 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.167 2.3 0.02 0.04

21 129 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.158 2.3 0.02 0.04

22 130 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.097 2.2 0.02 0.04

23 131 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 0.559 1.1 0.01 0.02

24 132 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 0.554 1.1 0.01 0.02

48 134.9 2.16

106

106

107

107

100

101

108

101

101 101

101

101

102

103

103

102

3230 3350 3500

10080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´ 0

105

104

104

105

Abbunddaten: 00002.bvn; Pos. 100 ff.Holzliste GL24 und GL24h

Holzliste C24

Listen Ständerwände

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

100Coffee Shop

1:50

AlamcoBeirut

28.03.2012 T. Brand

28.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



123

117

111

109

110

112

118

124

130

129

128

126

122

120

116

114113

115

119

121

125

127131132

123

117

111

109

110

112

118

124

130

129122

120

116

114

113

115

119

121

125

128

126

127131 132

3230 3350 3500

10080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´


D´

C`

B`

A´

3´

2´

1´

HP10

HP12

HP12

HP11

HP13

HP14

3230 3350 3500

10080

A´ B` C` D´

3500

3500

7000

1´2´

3´

Holzwerkstoffplatten-Netto-Fläche


[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

E-Flä

[qm]

Fläche

[qm]









12 183.0



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 142 Schwelle 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 6.6 0.05 0.05

2 143 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 5.1 0.03 0.03

3 144 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 5.0 0.04 0.04

4 145 Ständer 3 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 5.0 0.03 0.09

5 146 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.9 0.03 0.03

6 147 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.9 0.04 0.04

7 148 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.8 0.03 0.03

8 149 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.7 0.04 0.04

9 150 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.03 0.03

10 155 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.5 0.04 0.04

11 156 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.5 0.03 0.03

12 157 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.4 0.03 0.03

13 158 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.3 0.03 0.03

14 159 Ständer 1 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.2 0.03 0.03

15 160 Ständer 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.1 0.03 0.03

16 161 Ständer 2 KH60/100 C24 0.1 0.1 4.1 0.02 0.05

17 162 Ständer 24 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.7 0.03 0.72

18 163 Rähm 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.2 0.03 0.03

19 164 Schwelle 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.03 0.05

20 165 Rähm 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.03 0.05

21 166 Schwelle 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 3.0 0.02 0.02

22 167 Schwelle 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.02 0.04

23 168 Rähm 2 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.02 0.04

24 169 Schwelle 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.4 0.02 0.02

25 170 Rähm 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.02 0.02

26 174 Rähm 1 KH80/100 C24 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.02 0.02

56 1.62



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 100 Unterzug 1 KH160/480 GL24h 0.160 0.480 7.000 7.0 0.54 0.54

2 101 Stütze 6 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 4.142 24.8 0.25 1.49

3 102 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 4.142 8.3 0.25 0.50

4 103 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 4.142 8.3 0.25 0.50



7 106 Pfette 2 KH160/240 GL24 0.160 0.240 10.080 20.2 0.39 0.77

8 107 Pfette 2 KH160/240 GL24 0.160 0.240 7.000 14.0 0.27 0.54

9 108 Firstpfosten 1 KH160/240 GL24h 0.160 0.240 1.367 1.4 0.05 0.05

20 114.4 5.92



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 109 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 5.693 11.4 0.09 0.18

2 110 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 5.632 11.3 0.09 0.18

3 111 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.565 9.1 0.07 0.15

4 112 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.504 9.0 0.07 0.14

5 113 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.234 8.5 0.07 0.14

6 114 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 4.234 8.5 0.07 0.14

7 115 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.620 7.2 0.06 0.12

8 116 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.620 7.2 0.06 0.12

9 117 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.429 6.9 0.05 0.11

10 118 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.369 6.7 0.05 0.11

11 119 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.007 6.0 0.05 0.10

12 120 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 3.007 6.0 0.05 0.10

13 121 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.394 4.8 0.04 0.08

14 122 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.394 4.8 0.04 0.08

15 123 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.263 4.5 0.04 0.07

16 124 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 2.233 4.5 0.04 0.07

17 125 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.780 3.6 0.03 0.06

18 126 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.780 3.6 0.03 0.06

19 127 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.167 2.3 0.02 0.04

20 128 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.167 2.3 0.02 0.04

21 129 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.158 2.3 0.02 0.04

22 130 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 1.097 2.2 0.02 0.04

23 131 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 0.559 1.1 0.01 0.02

24 132 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 0.554 1.1 0.01 0.02

48 134.9 2.16

Limoncello Coffee Shop


HP Liste Stahlstütze

207

207

232

227 231 23

2

220

218

217

215

213

211

209

208

210

212

214

216

219

221

223

222

206

226

206

206

206

226

226

200

207

202

207

204

205

205

205

205

205

224

225

202

205

203

203

234

228

228

228

228

228

201

220

218

217

215

213

211

209

208

210

212

214

216

219

221

220

218

217

215

213

211

209

208

210

212

214

216

219

221

220

218

217

215

213

211

20920

8

210

212

214

216

219

221

226

229

228

228

228

228

201

201

201

223

224

222

225

223224

222225

223224

222225

228

230 227

233

5650 2800 5650

14100

B C D E

5650

2800

5650

4700

1880

0

23

45

6 0


Holzliste C24

Holzliste GL24 und GL24h

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

200Main Restaurant

1:50

AlamcoBeirut

28.03.2012 T. Brand

28.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



Stütz

e, QR

R200

*8-S

235

Auflagerplatte, BL10*140-S235

Grundplatte, BL10*290-S235

Steife, BL5*90.37-S235

44

44

44

33

3*Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*160--GV Z-9.1-519 ø8

3*D9

4*Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*260--1-GV Z-9.1-519

4*D933

Stahlteile-Nettogew. - Hauptposition HP1 ... 2 x ausführen


[mm]

Höhe

[mm]

Länge

[mm]

E-Gew

[kg]

Gewicht

[kg]

1 141 Stütze 1 QRR200*8 S235 200.0 200.0 4827.3 226.8 226.8

2 151 Grundplatte 1 BL10*290 S235 10.0 290.0 290.0 6.6 6.6

2 233.4



[mm]

Höhe

[mm]

Länge

[mm]

E-Gew

[kg]

Gewicht

[kg]

1 141 Stütze 1 QRR200*8 S235 200.0 200.0 4827.3 226.8 226.8

2 151 Grundplatte 1 BL10*290 S235 10.0 290.0 290.0 6.6 6.6

3 152 Auflagerplatte 1 BL10*140 S235 10.0 140.0 430.0 4.7 4.7


5 154 Steife 1 BL5*100 S235 5.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 0.2

5 239.4



[mm]

Höhe

[mm]

Länge

[mm]

E-Gew

[kg]

Gewicht

[kg]

1 141 Stütze 1 QRR200*8 S235 200.0 200.0 4827.3 226.8 226.8

2 151 Grundplatte 1 BL10*290 S235 10.0 290.0 290.0 6.6 6.6



5 154 Steife 1 BL5*100 S235 5.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 0.2

5 239.4

A

B

C

D

E

F

23

45

6

1



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 200 Unterzug 1 KH140/320 GL24 0.140 0.320 13.540 13.5 0.61 0.61


3 202 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 6.721 13.4 0.40 0.81

4 203 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 6.721 13.4 0.40 0.81

5 204 Stütze 1 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 5.077 5.1 0.30 0.30

6 205 Stütze 6 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 5.077 30.5 0.30 1.83

7 206 Pfette 4 KH100/300 GL24h 0.100 0.300 3.100 12.4 0.09 0.37

8 207 Pfette 4 KH160/240 GL24 0.160 0.240 14.100 56.4 0.54 2.17

9 231 Firstpfette 1 KH140/200 GL24h 0.140 0.200 4.967 5.0 0.14 0.14

10 232 Fusspfette 2 KH140/180 GL24h 0.140 0.180 4.827 9.7 0.12 0.24

27 204.2 10.14



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 208 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 7.601 30.4 0.22 0.88

2 209 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 7.600 30.4 0.22 0.88

3 210 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 6.753 27.0 0.19 0.78

4 211 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 6.753 27.0 0.19 0.78

5 212 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.906 23.6 0.17 0.68

6 213 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.905 23.6 0.17 0.68

7 214 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.058 20.2 0.15 0.58

8 215 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.057 20.2 0.15 0.58

9 216 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 4.210 16.8 0.12 0.49

10 217 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 4.209 16.8 0.12 0.48

11 218 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 3.364 13.5 0.10 0.39

12 219 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 3.363 13.5 0.10 0.39

13 220 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 2.517 10.1 0.07 0.29

14 221 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 2.515 10.1 0.07 0.29

15 222 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 1.668 6.7 0.05 0.19

16 223 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 1.667 6.7 0.05 0.19

17 224 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 0.820 3.3 0.02 0.09

18 225 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 0.819 3.3 0.02 0.09

19 226 Stellbrett 4 KH19/214 C24 0.019 0.214 13.939 55.8 0.06 0.23

20 227 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 13.2 0.11 0.21

21 228 Sparren 10 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 66.1 0.11 1.06

22 229 Sparren 1 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 6.6 0.11 0.11

23 230 Sparren 1 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 6.6 0.11 0.11

24 233 Füllholz 2 KH80/120 C24 0.080 0.120 0.724 1.4 0.01 0.01

25 234 Pfosten 1 KH140/120 C24 0.140 0.120 0.514 0.5 0.01 0.01

93 453.5 10.46

HP Liste Stahlstütze

207

207

232

227 231 23

2

220

218

217

215

213

211

209

208

210

212

214

216

219

221

223

222

206

226

206

206

206

226

226

200

207

202

207

204

205

205

205

205

205

224

225

202

205

203

203

234

228

228

228

228

228

201

220

218

217

215

213

211

209

208

210

212

214

216

219

221

220

218

217

215

213

211

209

208

210

212

214

216

219

221

220

218

217

215

213

211

20920

8

210

212

214

216

219

221

226

229

228

228

228

228

201

201

201

223

224

222

225

223224

222225

223224

222225

228

230 227

233

5650 2800 5650

14100

B C D E

5650

2800

5650

4700

1880

0

23

45

6 0


Holzliste C24

Holzliste GL24 und GL24h

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

200Main Restaurant

1:50

AlamcoBeirut

28.03.2012 T. Brand

28.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



Stütz

e, QR

R200

*8-S

235

Auflagerplatte, BL10*140-S235

Grundplatte, BL10*290-S235

Steife, BL5*90.37-S235

44

44

44

33

3*Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*160--GV Z-9.1-519 ø8

3*D9

4*Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*260--1-GV Z-9.1-519

4*D933



[mm]

Höhe

[mm]

Länge

[mm]

E-Gew

[kg]

Gewicht

[kg]

1 141 Stütze 1 QRR200*8 S235 200.0 200.0 4827.3 226.8 226.8

2 151 Grundplatte 1 BL10*290 S235 10.0 290.0 290.0 6.6 6.6

2 233.4



[mm]

Höhe

[mm]

Länge

[mm]

E-Gew

[kg]

Gewicht

[kg]

1 141 Stütze 1 QRR200*8 S235 200.0 200.0 4827.3 226.8 226.8

2 151 Grundplatte 1 BL10*290 S235 10.0 290.0 290.0 6.6 6.6



5 154 Steife 1 BL5*100 S235 5.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 0.2

5 239.4



[mm]

Höhe

[mm]

Länge

[mm]

E-Gew

[kg]

Gewicht

[kg]

1 141 Stütze 1 QRR200*8 S235 200.0 200.0 4827.3 226.8 226.8

2 151 Grundplatte 1 BL10*290 S235 10.0 290.0 290.0 6.6 6.6



5 154 Steife 1 BL5*100 S235 5.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 0.2

5 239.4

A

B

C

D

E

F

23

45

6

1



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 200 Unterzug 1 KH140/320 GL24 0.140 0.320 13.540 13.5 0.61 0.61


3 202 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 6.721 13.4 0.40 0.81

4 203 Stütze 2 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 6.721 13.4 0.40 0.81

5 204 Stütze 1 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 5.077 5.1 0.30 0.30

6 205 Stütze 6 KH200/300 GL24 0.200 0.300 5.077 30.5 0.30 1.83

7 206 Pfette 4 KH100/300 GL24h 0.100 0.300 3.100 12.4 0.09 0.37

8 207 Pfette 4 KH160/240 GL24 0.160 0.240 14.100 56.4 0.54 2.17

9 231 Firstpfette 1 KH140/200 GL24h 0.140 0.200 4.967 5.0 0.14 0.14

10 232 Fusspfette 2 KH140/180 GL24h 0.140 0.180 4.827 9.7 0.12 0.24

27 204.2 10.14



[m]

Höhe

[m]

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

E-Vol

[cbm]

Volumen

[cbm]

1 208 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 7.601 30.4 0.22 0.88

2 209 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 7.600 30.4 0.22 0.88

3 210 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 6.753 27.0 0.19 0.78

4 211 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 6.753 27.0 0.19 0.78

5 212 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.906 23.6 0.17 0.68

6 213 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.905 23.6 0.17 0.68

7 214 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.058 20.2 0.15 0.58

8 215 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 5.057 20.2 0.15 0.58

9 216 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 4.210 16.8 0.12 0.49

10 217 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 4.209 16.8 0.12 0.48

11 218 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 3.364 13.5 0.10 0.39

12 219 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 3.363 13.5 0.10 0.39

13 220 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 2.517 10.1 0.07 0.29

14 221 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 2.515 10.1 0.07 0.29

15 222 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 1.668 6.7 0.05 0.19

16 223 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 1.667 6.7 0.05 0.19

17 224 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 0.820 3.3 0.02 0.09

18 225 Sparren 4 KH120/240 C24 0.120 0.240 0.819 3.3 0.02 0.09

19 226 Stellbrett 4 KH19/214 C24 0.019 0.214 13.939 55.8 0.06 0.23

20 227 Sparren 2 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 13.2 0.11 0.21

21 228 Sparren 10 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 66.1 0.11 1.06

22 229 Sparren 1 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 6.6 0.11 0.11

23 230 Sparren 1 KH80/200 C24 0.080 0.200 6.615 6.6 0.11 0.11

24 233 Füllholz 2 KH80/120 C24 0.080 0.120 0.724 1.4 0.01 0.01

25 234 Pfosten 1 KH140/120 C24 0.140 0.120 0.514 0.5 0.01 0.01

93 453.5 10.46

Villaggio Piccolo main pavillion


8580 5650 2800 5650 8430

31110

A B C D E F

4700

1

23 0

subtraction

Beams position

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

1depiction

1:50

AlamcoBeirut

22.03.2012 B.Karnelka

22.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



excerpt

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

C

D

E

F

4700

1

2

3

0

3390 4320

dimetry323

0

3350

3500

10080

A´

B`

C`

D´

35003500

7000

1´2´

3´

0

First 59

00

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

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D

E

F

4700

56502800

565018800

1

23

45

6

0

3390

4320

6850 7450

dimetry

32303350

350010080A´

B`C`

D´

3500

3500

7000

3´

2´

1´

0

First 5900

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

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E

F

5650

2800

5650

4700

18800

1

6

5

4

3

2

0

3390 4320

6850 7450

excerpt

32303350

3500

10080

A´B`

C`D´

35001´

2´

0

First 5900

excerpt5650

28005650

14100

BC D

E

4700

5650

10350

2

3

4

0

3390

4320

6850 7450

E6

60160

20

Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*300--1-GV DIN10519

8580 5650 2800 5650 8430

31110

A B C D E F

4700

1

23 0

subtraction

Beams position

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

1depiction

1:50

AlamcoBeirut


22.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



excerpt

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

C

D

E

F

4700

1

2

3

0

3390 4320

dimetry323

0

3350

3500

10080

A´

B`

C`

D´

35003500

7000

1´2´

3´

0

First 59

00

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

C

D

E

F

4700

56502800

565018800

1

23

45

6

0

3390

4320

6850 7450

dimetry

32303350

350010080A´

B`C`

D´

3500

3500

7000

3´

2´

1´

0

First 5900

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

CD

E

F

5650

2800

5650

4700

18800

1

6

5

4

3

2

0

3390 4320

6850 7450

excerpt

32303350

3500

10080

A´B`

C`D´

35001´

2´

0

First 5900

excerpt5650

28005650

14100

BC D

E

4700

5650

10350

2

3

4

0

3390

4320

6850 7450

E6

60160

20


8580 5650 2800 5650 8430

31110

A B C D E F

4700

1

23 0

subtraction

Beams position

12al002_libanon

Italian Restaurante

1depiction

1:50

AlamcoBeirut


22.03.2012

Maßstab:

Bauherr

Bauort


Norm

Gepr.

Bearb.

Datum Name

Blatt :

Bl.

Auftrag

Benennung

Zeichnung



excerpt

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

C

D

E

F

4700

1

2

3

0

3390 4320

dimetry323

0

3350

3500

10080

A´

B`

C`

D´

35003500

7000

1´2´

3´

0

First 59

00

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

C

D

E

F

4700

56502800

565018800

1

23

45

6

0

3390

4320

6850 7450

dimetry

32303350

350010080A´

B`C`

D´

3500

3500

7000

3´

2´

1´

0

First 5900

8580

5650

2800

5650

8430

31110

A

B

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E

F

5650

2800

5650

4700

18800

1

6

5

4

3

2

0

3390 4320

6850 7450

excerpt

32303350

3500

10080

A´B`

C`D´

35001´

2´

0

First 5900

excerpt5650

28005650

14100

BC D

E

4700

5650

10350

2

3

4

0

3390

4320

6850 7450

E6

60160

20


Execution plans & 3D structural drawings


lebanon’s offshore Petroleum activities

Petroleum activities, whether onshore or offshore, are those activities that aim to find oil and natural gas; extract it, process it, transport it, refine it, and deliver it to consumers. Petroleum activities include drilling, construction, installation and operation of a facility, followed by the decommissioning, dismantling and removal of a pipeline.

Lebanon is moving steadily towards starting exploration activities in the waters located within its maritime boundaries, and has made significant progress both on the regulatory and the operational fronts with respect to the launching of its offshore petroleum activities.

On 24 August 2010, Lebanon enacted the Offshore Petroleum Resources Law no. 132 (“Law 132”) to regulate Lebanon’s offshore petroleum activities. On 7 November 2012, the Lebanese Cabinet named the Petroleum Sector Administration Agency (Petroleum Administration). The six-member Petroleum Administration has a wide range of prerogatives and powers with respect to the administration of various aspects of the oil and gas sector.

The Petroleum Administration includes the following six units:•TheStrategicPlanningUnit•TheTechnicalandEngineeringUnit•TheGeologicalandGeophysicalUnit•TheLegalAffairsUnit•TheEconomicandFinancialAffairsUnit•TheQuality,Health,SafetyandEnvironmentUnit

Law 132 is implemented through decrees issued by the Council of Ministers. The government and the Petroleum Administration are actively working on the timely enactment of comprehensive regulations that will pave the way for the launching of tendering, exploration, development, and exploitation activities.

On the operational side, the pre-qualification process for the 1st Offshore Lebanon Licensing Round opened in mid-February 2013. Later in the year, there will be a shortlisting of consortiums that will be authorized to submit formal applications for licenses and proposals to Lebanon’s Petroleum Administration.

The un convention on the law of the Sea

Maritime boundaries are governed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which was signed in Montego Bay (Jamaica), and came into effect on November 16, 1994.

UNCLOS is an international treaty that provides a regulatory framework for the use of the world’s seas and oceans, inter alia, to ensure the conservation and equitable usage of resources and the marine environment and to ensure the protection and preservation of the living resources of the sea.

UNCLOS also addresses such other matters as sovereignty, rights of usage in maritime zones, and navigational rights. As of 23 January 2013, 165 states ratified and acceded to UNCLOS. Lebanon and Cyprus are parties to UNCLOS, but not Syria and Israel.

UNCLOS divides maritime areas as follows: Internal

Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activitiesand the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

Fadi MoghaizelSenior Partner - Moghaize l Law Off ice

LAW REGULATION


LAW REGULATION

waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. The other areas are part of the high seas.

Territorial sea and contiguous zone

The sovereignty of a coastal state such as Lebanon extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.

Every state has the right to define the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with UNCLOS which are the low-water line along the coast.

A state is entitled to exercise full sovereignty over its territorial sea, including rights to natural resources and rights to exploit hydrocarbon resources.

Adjacent the territorial sea ‘contiguous zones’ which may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. In such zones, the coastal state may exercise the control necessary to (a) prevent infringement upon its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea; and (b) punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea.

Exclusive economic zone and continental shelf

The exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea. It extends to an area not exceeding 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal state enjoys sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water.

Such rights extend to oil and gas activities, including constructing and operating artificial islands, installations and structures, drilling, and laying pipelines.

The continental shelf of a coastal state comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance.

The continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal state, and

Refineries in the Middle East.

Pho

to ©

Mic

hel E

l Est

a


consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise. It does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof.

maritime delimitation between opposite and adjacent states

There are three areas that require delimitation between opposite states (e.g. Lebanon-Cyprus) and adjacent states (e.g. Lebanon-Syria and Lebanon-Israel):•Theterritorialsea;•theexclusiveeconomiczone;and•thecontinentalshelf.

Where the coasts of two states are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two states is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two states is measured.

The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two states in a way which is at variance therewith. This

means that areas of overlapping territorial sea are to be divided by the median or equidistance line method, unless variation is required by historic title or special circumstances.

The delimitation rule laid down by Article 15 of UNCLOS means that opposing or adjacent states must draw the boundary of their territorial waters at a median line, unless historic title or special circumstances prescribes otherwise. Special circumstances can be the proportionality of relevant coasts (length of fronting coastlines), navigational and security considerations.

The delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between states with opposite or adjacent coasts is effected by agreement on the basis of international law in order to achieve an equitable solution. If no agreement is reached specific settlement of disputes procedures apply. The same rule applies to the delimitation of the continental shelf between states with opposite or adjacent coasts.

The methodology to delimit the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf is first to determine the median or equidistance line and then to consider whether there are any relevant factors required to be taken into account in order to achieve an equitable result.

The equidistance line is the line every point of which is equidistant to the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two states is measured.

Once the equidistance line is identified, the second step is to examine whether there are circumstances to depart from that line to reach an equitable solution. This approach has recognized that equidistance can be applied to territorial sea and to delimit the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf with provision for special circumstances in accordance with Articles 74 and 83 of UNCLOS. Such circumstances include the geography of the coastal situation and the geological structures.

LAW REGULATION


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Oil and gas discoveries prompt governments to accelerate the finalisation of their maritime boundaries and to settle their disputes. This has not always been successful and numerous maritime boundaries between states remain unresolved.

Pending agreement on delimitation, the states must make efforts to enter into provisional arrangements. This can include joint development agreements for hydrocarbons exploitation in contested maritime boundary areas.

Oil and gas companies will look for legal certainty by committing their resources in areas confirmed by way of an undisputed treaty, a judgement or an arbitral award. Operating in disputed water will necessarily involve economic and commercial risks and companies will have to mitigate such risks by undertaking a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the legal configuration of the host state’s maritime boundaries and seeking contractual assurances from the host state.

lebanon’s maritime Boundaries

Lebanon has delimited its maritime boundaries under UNCLOS by enacting law no. 163 of 18 August 2011 entitled ‘Determination and Declaration of the Maritime Areas of the Republic of Lebanon’ (‘Law 163’).

Under Law 163, Lebanon’s (i) baseline, (ii) internal waters, (iii) territorial waters (12 nautical miles from the baseline), (iii) contiguous zone (as of the limit of the territorial waters and up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline), (iv) exclusive economic zone (200 nautical miles from the baseline) and (v) continental shelf (200 nautical miles from the baseline) have all been delimited.On 1 October 2011, Lebanon enacted Decree no. 6433 delimiting the Lebanese exclusive economic zone in accordance with lists of geographical coordinates leading to the determination of the western median line with Cyprus, the northern median line with Syria and the southern media line with Palestine. This is a unilateral delimitation under UNCLOS that becomes final

only when it is officially recognized by neighbouring countries.

Lebanon and Cyprus have reached an agreement on the determination of their respective maritime borders in 2007, but such agreement is yet to be ratified by the Lebanese parliament.

In December 2010, Israel and Cyprus reached an agreement on their maritime boundaries. Lebanon protested against the Israel-Cyprus Maritime Agreement because the zone defined in the Israel-Cyprus 2010 Agreement absorbs parts of Lebanon’s exclusive economic zone. The disputed area extends over approximately 850 square kilometres.

Reaching an agreement with Syria has not been possible so far due to the circumstances prevailing in that country since March 2011.

As for Israel, reaching an agreement or applying for a ruling is not an option since Lebanon does not recognize Israel. Diplomatic mediation by a third party could be an appropriate solution mechanism, but visible concrete steps have yet to be made in this regard.

Despite the uncertainty that lingers over the delimitation of the maritime borders between Lebanon and Syria, and between Lebanon and Israel, oil and gas companies are expected to show sustained interest in Lebanon’s hydrocarbons’ prospects in the months and years to come.

LAW REGULATION


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Facility Management

Youssef Abi l lamaCEO Maintenance Management Group s .a . l .

Facility Management (FM) is a massive industry globally,

worth many billions of dollars. Yet it remains a rather

mysterious concept for many people, who do not really

know or understand it. The things that we take for

granted when walking through any shopping mall, bank,

educational institution, office block or hospital - the clean

floors, direction signs, the right temperature and the

smart security guards – are all the result of effective FM.

The industry is already well developed in North America

and Europe, and the Middle East is now beginning,

slowly, to catch up. A report last year by the international

research and consultancy firm Frost & Sullivan estimated

that the GCC facility management market is worth some

US$ 4.2 billion and is expected to rise to US$ 9 billion by

2014. The global market is expected to reach US$ 395

billion by 2017.

There are many formal definitions of Facility

Management, but perhaps one of the simplest is the

one adopted by CEN, the European Committee for

Standardisation, and ratified by BSI British Standards,

which states:

“Facilities management is the integration of multi-

disciplinary activities within the built environment and

the management of their impact upon people and the

workplace”.

It is the responsibility of facility managers to provide

and maintain a host of services – their work begins at

the concept and design stages right through to the

operational and maintenance aspects of a project,

followed by management and of course energy

efficiency. A total FM company can provide a whole

range of services, including maintenance, building

repairs, catering, cleaning, security, landscaping, energy

savings and monitoring, support staff outsourcing,

building services procurement and even parking

management. See the Total Facility Management Mind

Map for a visual display of the possible service scenarios.

FM is an essential, but often unseen, service. Many

people only tend to think about facility management

when something goes wrong – the bins aren’t cleared,

the grass hasn’t been cut, or the AC stops working.

FM optimises the best functionality of the facility

under management in the most cost effective way,

and is carried out via established procedures and the

appropriate use of technology with the right human and

material resources.

Total Facility Management

SAVINGS

MEP MAINTENANCE

SUBCONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

VALUE-ADDED SERVICES

TOTAL FACILITIES

MANAGEMENT

ALL IN A HEALTHY AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT


Used effectively, FM combines a variety of services:

preventive maintenance services, designed to increase

the life of the assets through regular and systematic

inspection and maintenance of all equipments; corrective

maintenance, often through a 24-hour integrated

CAFM helpdesk; managing and/or providing all hard or

soft property related services; as well as value added

engineering or IT consultancy facility management

aimed at design, handing over, operation or renovation.

The word facility in FM is a generic term used to

describe any given ‘space’. The list of facilities is huge -

it could be an educational institution, a shopping mall, a

residential compound, a restaurant, a hospital requiring

the most specialist services, a bank or an office tower.

Pretty much every facility needs managing in some way

or another.

The FM company is there to provide a service which

betters the occupants’ lives – in terms of safety,

cleanliness, security, reliability, efficiency, and economy.

It also enhances the environmental-friendliness of the

facility and makes it healthier, more enjoyable, creative,

and innovative.

Traditionally, most FM responsibilities were handled in-

house – but as the services required grew in complexity,

companies came to realize the huge advantages of

outsourcing. A total FM provider will optimize the

facility’s functionality in the most cost effective way,

thus lowering the client’s operating costs from 10% to

30%. These savings grow exponentially when further

combined with energy reduction measures.

The savings are only part of the added value. A proper

Total FM contract includes numerous non-financial

benefits including:

• long standing expertise – the client doesn’t need

to spend time making mistakes in order to get the

perfect solution, the FM company has all the tried

and tested basic procedures already in place;

• access to experts - the FM company already has

access to trusted “experts” such as engineers,

technicians endowed with many specialties (low

current, electrical, heating and ventilation, sanitary,

carpenters, civil works), service supervisors (cleaning,

security, landscaping etc), HR managers and contract

administrators, health and safety auditors, etc.

• Increased health, safety and environment

compliance - businesses that need to run at zero

percent downtime have an added safety net when

dealing with a good FM company which will manage

fire drills and evacuation exercises and ensure the

adoption of the most effective measures;

• Crisismanagementanddisasterrecoveryplans–the

FM company will draw up detailed continuity and

recovery plans so that the client is ready for any

unforeseen disasters;

• Asset registry – the FM company’s Computerised

Maintenance Management System (CMMS) allows

for accurate asset registry (through bar coding of

every piece of equipment), data logging and history

thus giving client all the information needed to

analyze all aspects of the performed activities;

• Saved time - underpinning all of this is that

outsourced FM allows the clients to focus on their

own business, rather than the running of the facility

they work in.

The FM industry is there, basically, to make any

facility a better place. FM touches us all in every

part of our daily lives, even those we are not aware

of of. Now is a very exciting time for the FM industry

in the Middle East, and its importance is only set to

increase.

Facility Requirements.

CLIENT Admin. Dept. Clients

FM COMPANY

Genset, Chillers

Operations

Maintenance

Cleaning

Security

Pest Control

Landscaping etc.

Gensets, HVAC, Electrical devices, sanitary, etc

Subcontractors

Chillers Electromec Lifts UPS

etc. Electromechanical maintenance

1

Operation & Maintenance 2 Facility

Management 3

Consulting & Audits 4

20 Bui lding & Co | MAY 2013Photo © Michel El Esta


Salam LteifElectr ica l Engineer - Apave

Lighting significantly affects how we feel. Light plays a

very important role in creating a healthy environment, a

well-lit space being essential for living. Daylight could

be one of the most desirable lighting sources for indoor

spaces, but daylight alone is not sufficient, hence

artificial light is needed to produce the desirable amount

of light.

There have been great leaps in lighting techniques in

the past decades, from the traditional incandescent

to halogen to fluorescents lights, the next technology

being Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

Driven by booming energy prices, more stringent building

regulations, and the need to provide more efficient

lighting solutions, LED technology is currently on the

edge of a future market revolution. The McKinsey 2012

edition of “Lighting the way Perspectives on the global

lighting market “ indicates that the market is on a clear

transition path from traditional lighting technologies to

LED; LED’s share of the lighting market is estimated to

rise to 45 percent in 2016 and close to 70 percent in

2020.

The aim of this article is to present a general overview

of the advantages of LED lighting, describe LED lights

and luminaires, and outline possible applications of LED

lighting.

advantages of lEd lighting

There are many advantages to LED lighting over

traditional lighting technologies, the most important

being efficiency. LED lights offer 90 % efficiency,

compared with 10 % for traditional incandescent

lighting. This represents significant cost advantages to

consumers and reduced greenhouse gas emissions that

contribute to climate change. Other advantages include:

• Longerlifetime,someLEDscanoperateforupto100

000 hours (depending on the quality of the diode and

the application), in comparison with an approximate

25 000 hours for fluorescent tubes, 10000 hours

for compact fluorescent lamps and 1000 hours for

incandescent lights.

• Reduced maintenance costs by avoiding additional

material and labor costs related to the periodic

luminaires replacement.

• The possibility of light integration into various

luminaire shapes and designs, especially through

the application of organic LED technologies with

homogenous surface light panels providing diffused

lighting output.

• LED lights are much more robust and resistant to

vibration than other light bulbs available on the

market.Typical lifetime of several lighting technologies

LED Lighting Solutions A General Overview

110%

Lum

en O

utup

(%)

Operating Time (x1000 Hours)

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

50%0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100 W Incandescent5mm LED42W CFL50 W Tungsten Halide400 W Metal Halide25 W T8 FlorescentLighting-class LED


• LEDs are compact in size, which facilitates their

use in a variety of indoor and outdoor decorative

applications.

• LEDs produce a variety of colors, thus providing

increased lighting efficiency.

• LED light sources do not color-shift when dimmed;

hence a user can vary the brightness of a lighting

fixture while maintaining a consistent color

temperature.

There are also disadvantages associated with the use

of LEDs; for example, some studies have indicated that

fluorescent lights, especially T5 tubes, perform better

than LED lights in terms of lumen output per Watt. A

T5 lamp could provide a maximum initial output of 100

lumen/W, while LED lights for indoor applications provide

an average of 80 lumen/W approximately. However

looking over the industry technology improvement, it is

expected that LED lights will achieve an efficiency of

around 220 lumen/W by the year 2020, thus overtaking

all other available lighting technologies.

Furthermore other drawbacks such as voltage sensitivity

or temperature dependence are being overcome due to

technology improvements.

lEd lamps

The purpose of this article is neither to describe the LED

technology and operation nor the LED manufacturing

process; however we will present an overview of the

current state of the art in LED manufacturing and try to

understand the color output of a LED lamp.

A typical LED lamp is a solid-state semiconductor

material that uses light-emitting diodes as the source

of light. LEDs, as with all semiconductor devices, have

different materials and manufacturing processes which

result in products with varying levels of performance

and light output.

When an LED is switched on, electrons recombine with

electron holes within the semiconductor releasing

energy in the form of photons. This effect is called

electroluminescence and the color of the light that

corresponds to the energy of the photon, is determined

by the energy gap of the semiconductor. The figure

above is an example of a InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride)

semiconductor material LED spectral flux output which

has absence of UV and has minimal IR wavelengths.

Researchers in LED manufacturing are striving to

provide products that ensure LED color uniformity with

a tight chromaticity specification in order to obtain

a consistent light output over the useful life of the

lamp. Latest technologies in LED lamps manufacturing

employs specified techniques of LED color binning

process based on a LED mixing technique.

LEDs can be characterized in various parameters; the

two most important relate to visual perception, and are

color and flux. These parameters are collected as part of

the LED component manufacturing process and are the

basis for the component binning technique.

In order to understand the luminous flux color output

we should refer to the following figure that presents

LeftA light emitting diode (LED)RightExample of a LED lamp spectral flux output

20 300nm

UVAUVB IR

400nm 700nm

10

0

Spec

tral

Flu

x (m

W/n

m)


a version of the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, that

is a mathematical model for color perception. Pure or

saturated colors are located around the perimeter of the

paraboloid and white light is located at its center.

The binning technique is based on mixing LED with

certain color bins related to defined chromaticity

coordinates. This binning technique offers consistent

characterization of the manufactured LED product which

allows excellent color consistency and manufacturing

repeatability.

Similarly, other technologies, such as phosphor based

LEDs, are available on the market, where LEDs are

covered with phosphor coating of a different color in

order to obtain a white color output. Or even organic light

- emitting diodes (OLEDs) where the electroluminescent

material is made up of an emissive organic compound

layer.

Furthermore available LED lamps on the market are

produced in various sizes, shapes and wattages that

range from miniature, mid-range to high power LED

lamps, depending on the required application. Thus the

LED’s efficiency, color output, lifetime could vary based

on specific criteria and requirements.

lEd luminaires

An LED luminaire consists of LED modules, ballast

or driver where applicable, heat-sink for thermal

management, fixture and optical reflectors. A lamp or

luminaire with integrated ballast can be connected to

the supply mains directly, whereas a non-integrated

ballast lamp is to be connected to the supply mains via

a separate driver.

LED luminaires provided with separate drivers could

have several benefits related to power supply quality,

placement of the LED drivers and power distribution

units in inaccessible spaces or other dimming

requirements. On the other hand the integrated ballast

type luminaire lamp provides remarkable advantages

specially related to typical households incandescent

bulbs replacement.

LED drivers are integrated into different types of

electronic circuits. These generally consist of a full

wave rectifier stage followed by a DC to DC switching

converter that provides a regulated constant output

current. In fact the brightness of LEDs is a function

of the current flow, and LEDs have a typical threshold

voltage of 3.4V, with a variation from 2.8 to 4.2V.

LeftCIE chromaticity diagramRightHigh power LEDs can have an efficiency of 140 lumen/wDownLED driver

520nm

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

530nm

540nm

550nm

560nm

570nm

580nm

590nm

600nm

620nm650nm

770nm

450nm

380nm

470nm

480nm

490nm

500nm

510nm

WHITE

x- chromaticicty coordinate

VIOLETBLUE

CYAN

GREEN

YELLOW

ORANGE

RED


The LED modules are usually connected in series,

presenting the power supply with a CC (constant-

current)-drive requirement across a potentially

wide application of voltage range based on the

manufacturer’s design parameters. Selecting an LED

driver is generally related to the specified electrical

parameters, such as values of input and output voltage

range, output current, total harmonic distortion (THD),

power factor, efficiency…

Another criterion for selecting an LED luminaire is to

check the integration of the LED modules within the

luminaire. Integral LED modules are not replaceable after

integration into the LED luminaire whereas built-in LED

modules could be exchanged in future without affecting

the luminaire itself, thus providing an enhanced

improvement for integration of future technologies

with better properties into the luminaires itself, such

luminaires are commonly described as “future proof”.

applications of lEd lighting

LEDs are used in various applications such as aviation

lighting, automotive lighting, street lighting, advertising,

traffic signals, and general lighting. LEDs are also

used in backlighting for TVs and laptop displays and

many other electronic applications. The following is an

overview of main LED applications in building design

and construction.

Indoor applications:

The quality of light in any design application requires

a constant balance of many factors, including lighting

levels and lighting uniformity, color rendering, color

temperature (warm or cool light) etc...

In order to provide sufficient illumination for creating a

comfortable visual environment and increased occupant

comfort, many lighting designers recommend a layered

approach to lighting design such as ambient, task, focal,

and decorative.

This approach could be easily satisfied using LED lighting

solutions; in fact LED systems provide a wide variety of

indoor lighting solutions ranging for direct and indirect

lighting, cove lighting, accent and decorative lighting, to

task lighting.

In addition many LED lighting solutions combine

channels of cool, neutral, and warm white LEDs to offer

a range of adjustable color temperature outputs with

a simple control device. By adjusting the lighting color

temperature the user can easily alter the lighting effect

of a space, and dramatically affect the appearance of

objects on display in stores, galleries, and museums for

example.

façade, outdoor lighting and Street lighting

Façade lighting is generally related to the permanent

illumination of a structure by night in order to outline

the building’s architectural features, and improve the

overall aesthetic without affecting the building’s

general appearance. In addition façade designers

have to contend with energy efficiency requirements

to ensure that light is not wasted by over-illumination,

either by illuminating vacant spaces unnecessarily or by

LeftCeiling mounted LED luminaireMiddleAmbient and task lighting in an office spaceRightLED lights in cove lighting applications


providing more light than needed for aesthetics.

LED use in façade lighting constitutes a major

improvement over traditional floodlighting solutions

such as metal halide luminaires. In fact LED solutions

that are available in flexible LED strips, or dynamically

colored LED modules, could be used in specific locations

for accent lighting or even for building contour lighting

which results in a unique lighting effect and creates a 3D

impression for the building. Furthermore LED solutions

provide high efficiency lighting with a longer lifetime

thus less operational and maintenance costs. This is

why LED technology is gaining appeal in building façade

lighting, and is currently overtaking other traditional

lighting approaches.

On another hand, when speaking about outdoor and

street lighting, LED lighting solutions prove to be

extremely interesting, especially when used with

photovoltaic panels in rural areas. Street lighting and

outdoor parking area LED luminaires are available at

light output levels that could reach 40 000 lumens,

equivalent to or exceeding lighting levels produces by

typical high pressure sodium and metal halide lighting

systems, with an expected lifetime of around 100 000

hours.

A typical high-pressure sodium lamp only loses - on

average - 5% of its flux during its whole lifetime which

can be estimated at 16,000 hours, that is to say 4 years

of use. A standard metal halide lamp loses 30 to 40%

of its flux during its estimated 2 year lifetime. Thus we

can clearly understand the advantages of LED lighting,

which, when provided with drivers working with a

constant flux program and a dimming system makes it

possible to achieve energy savings that can reach 75%

compared with HID luminaires.

Finally it is necessary to note that future technology

improvements and the expected decrease in price will

play a major role in LEDs penetration into the general

lighting market, from households to offices and retail

space, LED lights will be changing the way we look at

lighting solutions.

YAS hotel LED façade lighting,

Abu Dhabi

Street lighting using LED luminaires


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The Case for the Establishment of Real Estate Investment Companies

The current state of the Real Estate markets

Lebanon’s real estate markets have been in a state

of crisis for almost three years now, with no signs of

the improving anytime soon.. Supply is still very large

in almost every segment of the residential market,

which constitutes the bulk of the Lebanon’s real estate

markets. What’s more, the general economic environment

still seems unable to spur a healthy recovery based

on fundamentals. The obvious lack of confidence of

both operators and investors (whether institutional or

private) is considerably limiting demand.

The government seems aware of the need to revive

what has traditionally been one of the most dynamic

sectors of the Lebanese economy. However, no coherent

set of measures destined to encourage real estate

investment has been devised yet. There has been talk of

introducing a new capital appreciation tax on real estate

transactions but so far no laws have been passed.

However, it is our feeling that one cannot solidly

shore up the real estate markets without helping the

emergence of a real rental market. This is particularly

true for commercial real estate, which is traditionally a

rental market in major markets all over the world. Also,

if one judges by the roughly 20% rental rate in the

housing sector, a real need arises for a similar solution

in the residential sector.

Law 159 of 1992, released the rental contracts from

their previous constraining bounds and it was in our

opinion a major step towards the revival of rental

markets. Unfortunately, it is obviously insufficient on its

own, and nothing has been done since to modernize the

fiscal policy related to the sector..

current fiscal policy

At the present time, real estate fiscal policy in Lebanon

is limited to the following taxation:

• Thestampduties:(رسوم التسجيل) the buyer pays them

on acquisition.

• The built property tax: المبنية) األمالك على The .(الضريبة

owners of built properties pay it. It is calculated as a

proportion of rental value.

• Themunicipaltax(الضريبة البلدية): it is compounded with

the sewer and sidewalk tax. It is normally paid by the

occupant, whether owner or tenant.

• TheValueAddedTax(VAT)fornonresidentialrentals.

It is calculated on the value of the rent. Although most

business recuperate the VAT, some tenants such as

Banks cannot do so.

We are not taking construction taxes into account.

This fiscal policy clearly favors speculation, which is not

taxed, against long-term investment. Indeed, as rental

operations are heavily taxed, this encourages the quick

transfer of built property. That situation is made even

worse by the fact that many operators on the market

rely on the transfer of “power of attorney” (Wakeleh)

deeds, which exempts them from paying stamp duties.


The possible remedies

fiscal reform:

It is our opinion that the real estate fiscal framework has

to be drastically altered. This is necessary if one aims to

correct market excesses and tip the balance in favor of

long term investment in a market that has been focused

on short term investments for years.

These goals can be achieved by implementing the

following measures:

• Considerably reducing the rateof thebuilt property

tax. This would improve rental yields and increase

rental investments. Obviously, the increase of rented

space will partially and maybe even totally compensate

for the decrease in tax collection provoked by the rate

decrease (this is also compounded by the fact that

new rent levels are higher than older rents).

• Maintainingthecurrentratesforstampduties.

• Instituting a land tax on non-built property. This

measure should facilitate land transactions. This will

induce the sale of a larger number of land properties

and therefore higher collections of stamp duties.

Preferential rates can then be applied to agricultural

land or non-developable land depending on policy

choices.

• Instituting a tax on real estate capital gains. This

measure could more than compensate for the

reduction in tax collection due to the reductions

outlined above. Furthermore, this tax which can be


progressive, should reduce uncontrolled speculation

during market upswings. In this case also, rates can

be modulated according to owner status or land

characteristics. This possibility allows for more policy

options on the part of the legislator.

These actions are currently more or less considered

by the government. However, no precise schedule has

been suggested yet.

active support to income producing (rental) real estate investment:

As important as the preceding measures will be if

implemented, we believe in the need of going further

and setting up a program of active support to long term

rental real estate investing.

The beneficial effects of such an action will be

numerous. Among them:

• This policy should improve housing conditions for a

large number of families who, for various reasons, are

not yet ready to buy their own homes. These families

should hence find housing options that suit their

needs.

• This action should also encourage real estate

operators to build housing intended for a less stable

clientele than families (Students, young singles,

foreign executives passing through, etc.) that

currently has difficulty in finding suitable housing.

• Currently,Lebanesecompaniesareforcedtomobilize

a large part of their capital in real estate because they

cannot find suitable rental space. These companies

could hence use the freed capital to develop their core

activities, thus making them more efficient.

• Finally, ifprivateinvestorsfindafinancial interest in

rental investment, they will be tempted to do so in

order to diversify their portfolios thus bringing fresh

capital to a sector that badly needs it.

It will be advisable to extend the benefits of such a

policy to all types of potential investors in order to

attract the largest amount of capital possible to the

market. In order to achieve that, it is necessary to keep

the door of rental real estate investment open to small

investors. That is why we recommend the creation of

collective investment vehicles, that will combine the

advantages of both institutional investment and private

investment.

Real Estate investment companies:

These collective investment vehicles could take the

form of companies that would invest their capital in

income producing real estate, and after having deducted

their operating expenses, transfer all the profits to the

shareholders.


In the current state of the legislation, the type of

company most adapted to real estate collective

investment is the SAL. It has however a few drawbacks,

most specifically its fiscal framework.

Indeed, the revenues of such a company would be taxed

three times. First, the company would have to pay the

tax on built property. Second, it would have to pay

income tax on capital gains in case of asset sales, and

third, all distributed dividends are subject to a deduction

at the source.

In comparison to direct real estate investment, it is

quite clear that this latter form is unattractive. In direct

investment, revenues are only taxed once, through the

built property tax.

This situation creates a major hurdle to small investor

access to real estate markets by submitting them to

a different, much stiffer tax treatment than direct

investors.

In order to guarantee equal tax treatment to all

investors and promote capital flow to a major sector

of the Lebanese economy, we urge the creation of a

specialized type of collective real estate investment

company. This type of company is already common in

most major markets. (SCPI in France, REITs or Limited

partnerships in the USA for example).

This new type of company, that we shall call Property

Investment Company (PIC) could have the following

characteristics:

• Its legalandregulatoryframeworkwouldessentially

be that of the current SAL.

• Itsexclusiveexpertisewouldbe theacquisitionand

management of an income producing real estate

portfolio using money raised from the public.

• Thecompanywouldbenefitfromfiscaltransparency.

In other words, it would not be subjected to any

taxation related to property ownership, and would

be exonerated from income tax. Its shareholders (the

investors) would then be taxed on revenues from

their investment and on capital gains. The tax rates

applied would be the same as those applied to direct

real estate investment. Practically the ownership of

PIC shares would be equivalent to the ownership of a

material real estate asset.

It is obviously necessary that the PICs area of expertise

be scrupulously respected, that these companies

function properly and also that investors be protected

from abuse. The following measures should therefore

also be implemented:

• Aminimumof75%ofcompanyassetswouldhaveto

be invested in actual income producing real estate.

• Thecompanywouldberequiredtodistributeallofits

profits.

• Theproportionofassetssoldinanyfiscalyearwould

be limited to 20% of assets.

• ThepresidencyofthePICwouldhavetobeoccupied

by a professional Management Company, certified by

the authorities. This company would have to meet a

number of conditions:

• It will present enough guaranties regarding the

efficiency of its structure, the scope of its technical

and financial abilities, the honorability, respectability

and professionalism of its managers. (It could be

required to be the subsidiary of a bank operating in

Lebanon).

• Moreover,itwillhavethechargeofkeepingaregistry

where all share sale and purchase offers can be

counted. This will enable it to put together all parties

interested in making a transaction.

• TheManagementCompanywill have to commission

every year an independent appraiser with the task of

carrying out a valuation of all real estate assets in the

PIC it is managing.

This form of investment has successfully proven itself

in many international markets and is increasingly

popular there. It is generally considered as the future of

real estate investments and represents in our opinion an

essential step in the revitalization of of Lebanon’s real

estate markets.


MEDICAL


Camil le AizaraniM.D.

The construction site is dynamic and continuously

changing; and with these changes new challenges

emerge, especially in dealing with modern hazardous

chemicals. If you were to ask a construction worker who’s

long been in the business about hazardous chemicals

on the construction site, the first substances that are

likely to come to mind would be asbestos, lead, or silica…

However, modern hazardous chemicals may not all be

known, and the risks associated with these substances

can be life threatening.

What is a hazardous chemical?

A hazardous chemical is any harmful substance that can

put the health and safety of both construction workers

and end users (such as residents of a building) at risk.

They can exist in any form - liquid, solid, dust or gas.

Substances such as asbestos, synthetic mineral fibers,

fiberglass, paint, solvents, glue, cement dust and exhaust

fumes are critical in the construction industry and are

present everywhere. These substances are necessary

and unavoidable in the construction business; however

they can become potentially hazardous if they were

improperly handled.

Asbestos, one of the most traditional and well known

hazardous chemical is still found in older buildings; but its

use has been banned in more recent construction sites.

how do hazardous chemicals enter your body?

Substances on the construction site are most easily

inhaled. Signs of inhaling a hazardous gas or vapor

usually manifest themselves as irritation in the nose

or throat, however there may be no warning signs and

these toxic substances may enter directly into the lungs

or blood stream.

It is also possible that chemicals may be ingested or

swallowed when a worker eats or smokes without

washing his hands which have been contaminated with

material containing chemicals such as lead-based paints.

Eating on site can be dangerous because toxic vapors

that workers may not be aware of are always present and

may contaminate meals or drinks.

The skin is another point of entry for toxic chemicals

as these substances can be absorbed through the

skin upon contact or even through the eyes’ mucous

membranes.

When does a chemical become hazardous?

Usually, common substances on the construction

site are not potentially harmful, unless these

substances:

• Getunderyourskin

• Areeatenordrunk

• Arebreathedin

• Aremixedwithothersubstanceandcan

become lethal

• Aremistakenforothersubstance


MEDICAL


how can hazardous chemicals affect your health?

Hazardous chemicals are characterized as being

corrosive, irritant, sensitizing, carcinogenic (cause cancer),

mutagenic (causing genetic damage) and teratogenic

(causing abnormalities of the fetus). These chemicals

are extremely dangerous if not properly controlled and

handled, leading to severe health problems such as

poisoning, occupational asthma, suffocation, respiratory

problems, internal organ damage, cancer and injuries such

as severe burns, skin irritation, disfigurement, neurological

injury, and birth defects.

Health problems resulting from contact with toxic

substances can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting

for years or a lifetime) and can affect the construction

worker’s quality of life, or lead to lifetime disability.

In many cases, workers may not realize that they have

been dealing with a hazardous chemical until they begin

to manifest some of these signs:

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Stomachpain

• Inflammation

• Rashes

• Headaches

• Burns

If workers exhibit any of these signs, they should see a

doctor immediately.

Rusty fuel and chemical drums.


MEDICAL

Some hazardous chemicals and their potential health effects Exposure can lead to

Zinc

Is used in the manufacture of brass, galvanized metals.

Fumes are produced when metals coated with zinc are

cut or welded.

• metalfumefever

Cadmium

Is used as a coating for steel to prevent rusting and as

an alloying element

Short-term exposure:

• severelungirritation,

• pulmonaryedema

• death

Long-term exposure:

• emphysema

• damagetothekidneys

Beryllium

Is used as an alloying element.

Short-term exposure:

• chemicalpneumonia

Long-term exposure:

• shortnessofbreath

• chroniccough

• weightloss

• fatigueand

• generalweakness

Iron Oxide

Iron is used as an alloying element in manufacturing

steel. Iron oxide toxic fumes are produced during

welding.

• irritationofnasalpassages,throat,andlungs

Mercury

Is used to coat metals to prevent rust or prevent

growth of marine paints. Mercury vapors are produced

under intense heat.

• stomachpain

• diarrhea

• kidneydamageor

• respiratoryfailure

Long-term exposure:

• tremors

• emotionalinstabilityand

• hearingdamage.

Lead

Upon welding or cutting of alloys or metals painted

with lead-based paint lead oxide fumes are produced.

• leadpoisoning.

Lead affects the brain, central nervous system,

circulatory system, reproductive system, kidneys, and

muscles.


MEDICAL

how to manage hazardous substances on a construction site?

Employers, self-employed workers and contractors are

liable to conduct a risk assessment for all hazardous

chemicals on site. A brief self-inspection guideline has

been issued by the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA). However, these guidelines only

provide a preliminary assessment, and if uncontrolled

exposure to hazardous chemicals is indicated, a more

extensive risk assessment would be needed.

Eliminating the presence of hazardous substances is

not possible in the construction sector; therefore the

risks should be reduced and controlled to the highest

extent possible by other means such as personal

protective equipment (PPE), air monitoring procedures,

housekeeping procedures, hygiene practices and training.

Workers should be trained and informed about the health

risks of toxic substances, control measures, use of PPE,

and the importance of continuous health surveillance.

PPEs such as:

• gloves

• eyeprotection

• protectiveclothing

• rubberbootsor

• respirators

may be needed prior to handling any potentially harmful

chemicals.

Important signs to pay attention to on containers and construction material

Man in a protective outerwear suit.

Furthermore, workers are urged to always read the labels

of containers they use and be cautious of containers that

do not have any labels; it is suggested that such containers

not be used at all. Two containers that look identical may

not contain the same substance. Danger symbols on the

labels of containers are especially important and indicate

the possible hazards and properties of the chemicals

within them; these may be poisonous, flammable,

explosive, corrosive or irritant. Smoking is prohibited

when handling flammable chemicals



Setting Up A Baked Floor

Jessica Bou TaniosJournal ist


Uniform heat distribution, efficiency, low operation cost

and freedom in interior decoration. With these qualities

in mind, Mr. Jean-Pierre Melki, general-manager at Cotrac

sarl, introduced us to the Under-Floor Heating (UFH)

Planning is the first and initial step during which are indicated the number of loops in each room, the length of pipes, the collector needed, etc..

System. This technique which was first used by Romans

has now evolved into modern systems applied all over

the world, and increasingly in Lebanon as well.

Bedroom

BathDressing

LOOP No. 5

6

B

10CM

M 110

ROOM No.

COLLECTOR

AXIS

LENGTH

LOOP No. 4

6

B

10CM

M 100

ROOM No.

COLLECTOR

AXIS

LENGTH

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1

2

3 4

Phases of pipes installation

1 On the field, the first condition is to have a concrete floor, leveled and clean.

- A thermal insulation layer is then applied to the floor. It consists of extruded polystyrene with a thickness of 2.5 cm.

- The usage of a vapor barrier and reflector (Aluminum foil) is also needed in order to reflect the heat upwards.

- Lined Clips are fixed into the floor.- Pipes are then ready to be installed.

The types usually used are Polypropylene, Pex and Pex/Al/Pex, with a diameter of 16 or 18 mm. Polypropylene is reparable, while Pex/Al/Pex is not. Despite that, some people choose it because they believe it has more heat dissipation, according to Melki.

- Next, peripheral insulation and expansion joints on the sides are installed, in order to avoid the expansion of the floor when temperature rises.

2 The floor is then leveled using a laser technique.

3 Screed is applied, including plasticizer and fiber mech.

4 Finally, the floor is left to dry ready for tile installation.


c

d e f

g h

i

a

b

cd e

f g

h

a

b

Thermal regulation

Three methods are used to regulate the temperature in a floor heating system:

1 Zone regulation: consisting of one room thermostat connected to one zone thermostat which will control all the distributor.

Picture captions: a- Supply Pipe Fusiotechnik b- Return Pipe Fusiotechnik c- Zone Thermostat d- Electric Zone Valve Art. 94202 e- Manual Command Valve f- Air Vent g- Regulation Valve h- Fixation Brackets i- Pipe Valutechnik

2 Room regulation: consisting of one thermostat for each room controlling each circuit by itself.

Picture captions: a- Supply Pipe Fusiotechnik b- Return Pipe Fusiotechnik c- Room Thermostat (for each room) d- Thermo-Electric head Art. 94150 e- Air Vent f- Regulation Valve g- Fixation Brackets h- Pipe Valutechnik

3 Automatic heat control which consists of sensors inside and outside set to a specific temperature.

1

2

3

1

Hydraulic & electrical connections to the mixing group UM3 - Climatic regulation

Di�erentialby-pass

Radiators or bathroom radiators

Electrical line for power supply

Appliance VTC, to which you should connect1- 3-way valve with servomotor2- Circulation pump3- Immersion delivery probe4- External probe at m 2,50 Northern side5- Safety thermostat (suggested)

Collector for heater high/low temperature

1

2

3

45


Water leakage

What if a water leak is discovered in one of the heating loops under the flooring? This is a frequently asked question in the floor heating field, the answer and solution to which are simple: In order to detect the leakage, a thermal imaging inspection is performed.

Since every loop covers about 17 square meters, all other loops are closed and water with a temperature of 80 degrees is diffused in the damaged one. A thermal camera is used to precisely locate the heat source and repair the pipe.

Under-floor heating systems reduce diesel

expenses because the temperature required

for floor heating is less than the one required

for radiator (50 degrees instead of 80).

Cotrac is working on a Smartphone application

where the user would be able to see the

temperature inside the house and decide

whether to turn the heater on or not and to

control the temperature (especially for cold

places which need more time for heating, such

as Faqra, Aayoun el Siman,…)

28.8oC

21oC

28

26

24

22

Sp1. Temperature 23.0oCSp2. Temperature 29.0oC

Dt1 -5.9


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PHOTO MICHEL


PHOTO MICHEL

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French name : Acajou d’AfriqueOther names : Bassam Mahogany – White Mahogany

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 48Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 60Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 3.8PrESErVATIOnFungus: Moderately resistantTermites: SensitiveTreatability of heartwood: Not permeableIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: No particular difficultyPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityaverage 12% (kg/m3): 530Volumetric shrinkage: 9.6%SPECIAL OBSErVATIOnSIts dust is sometimes irritatingPrInCIPAL USAGEHigh-endinteriormillwork•Layouts•Decorativeveneers•ShipbuildingMArKETAvailability: LimitedPrice: High

French name: Chêne

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 58Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 100Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 6.2PrESErVATIOnFungus: ResistantTermites: Moderately resistantTreatability of heartwood: Not permeableIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: Force necessary to cut these hardwoodsPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityVolumetric shrinkage: 15.3%SPECIAL OBSErVATIOnSMetal corrosion risk if in a humid environmentPrInCIPAL USAGEExteriormillwork•Interiormillwork•Furniture•Hardwoodfloors•Stairs.•Framing•RailingMArKETAvailability: Readily availablePrice: Moderate (depending on quality)

French name: Merisier d’AmériqueOther name: Black Cherry

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 49Axial traction rupture point (MPa): N/AShock Resistance (Nm/cm2): N/APrESErVATIOnFungus: Moderately resistantTermites: SensitiveTreatability of heartwood: N/AIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: No particular difficultyPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityaverage 12% (kg/m3): 570Volumetric shrinkage: 10.8%SPECIAL OBSErVATIOnSMore homogenous look than European Cherry woodPrInCIPAL USAGEFurniture•LayoutsMArKETAvailability: Readily availablePrice: High

French name: LimbaOther names: Limbo – Limba

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 47Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 105Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 4PrESErVATIOnFungus: Somewhat resistantBeetles: ResistantWoodworms: SensitiveTermites: SensitiveTreatability of heartwood: Moderately permeableIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: No particular difficultyPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityaverage 12% (kg/m3): 540Volumetric shrinkage: 11.1%PrInCIPAL USAGEExteriorcarpentry•Interiorcarpentry•Interiortrim•Plywood•DecorativeveneerMArKETAvailability: Readily availablePrice: Moderate

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

afRican mahogany

a o c foak chERRy fRaké


French name: HêtreLatin name: Fagus sylvatica L.

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 58Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 17Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 10PrESErVATIOnFungus: Not resistantTreatability of heartwood: Permeable, except for the red varietyIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: Force necessary to cut these hardwoodsPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityaverage 12% (kg/m3): 680Volumetric shrinkage: 18.3%SPECIAL OBSErVATIOnSTheredvarietyisnotpermeable•Canbeused as a substitute for Cherry, Mahogany or Walnut (when tinted)PrInCIPAL USAGEInteriormillwork•Durniture•HardwoodFloors•Carvings•Plywoodmaterial•Transversal beamsMArKETAvailability: Readily availablePrice: Moderate

French name: IrokoOther name: Abang

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 57Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 80Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 3.8PrESErVATIOnFungus: Resistant to very resistantTermites: ResistantTreatability of heartwood: Not permeableIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: No particular difficultyPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityaverage 12% (kg/m3): 650Volumetric shrinkage: 9.0%SPECIAL OBSErVATIOnSIrritating dustMArKETAvailability: Readily availablePrice: Moderate

French name: Pin maritimeLatin name: Pinus pinaster

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 39Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 86Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): N/APrESErVATIOnFungus: Moderate to weakTermites: SensitiveTreatability of heartwood: Not permeableIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: Resin may cause fouling of the saw bladesPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESDensityaverage 12% (kg/m3): 510Volumetric shrinkage: 13.5%SPECIAL OBSErVATIOnSHard knots and poorly adherentPrInCIPAL USAGEExteriormillwork•Interiormillwork•Molding•HardwoodFloors•Plywoodpaneling•Beams•Glulamtrusses•LighttrussesMArKETAvailability: Readily availablePrice: Moderate

French name: TeckLatin name: Tectona grandis L. F.

MECHAnICAL PrOPErTIESAxial compression rupture point (MPa): 70Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 117Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 4PrESErVATIOnFungus: Very resistantTermites: Moderately resistantTreatability of heartwood: Moderately permeableIMPLEMEnTATIOn AnD PrOCESSInGSawing: Siliceous. Stellite blades recommendedPHYSICAL PrOPErTIESTeak from other sources islessresistant•veryirritatingdust•odorcharacteristic of old leather.PrInCIPAL USAGEFurniture•cabinetry•flooring•decorativeveneer•shipbuildingMArKETAvailability: AvailablePrice: High

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

B i m TBEEch iRoko maRiTimE PinE TEak


course id Theme course Title duration month from To fees in uS$

TP 09/13 Engineering Elevator Systems- Core of Buildings Planning 1 Day May 10 10 $350.00

TP 10/13 Engineering Diagnosis and Repair of Existing Buildings 1 Day May 17 17 $350.00

TP 11/13 Engineering BMS-Building Management System & CCTV 2 Days May 30 31 $450.00

TP 12/13 Management Strategic Business Plans 2 Days June 6 7 $450.00

TP 13/13 QSE ISO 9000 Series Auditor/ Lead Auditor Course-IRCA Certified

5 Days June 10 14 $1,200.00

TP 14/13 Management Time Management 1 Day June 21 21 $350.00

TP 15/13 Engineering Euro Code 8 1 Day June 28 28 $350.00

TP 16/13 QSE Introduction to ISO Generic Standards 2 Days September 5 6 $450.00

TP 17/13 QSE Food Safety Management Systems 2 Days September 12 13 $450.00

TP 19/13 Engineering Inspection of Existing Concrete Structures 2 Days September 26 27 $450.00

TP 20/13 Engineering Lifting and Hoisting 2 Days October 3 4 $450.00

TP 21/13 Engineering Authorization Certificate for Electrical Safety of Personnel

2 Days October 10 11 $450.00

TP 22/13 QSE InternalAuditforQualityManagementSystems 2 Days/ 2 Times per year

October 17 18 $450.00

TP 23/13 Engineering Atmosphere Explosif - ATEX(French Document) 2 Days October 24 25 $450.00

TP 24/13 Management Customer Relationship Management-CRM 2 Days November 7 8 $450.00

TP 25/13 QSE Energy Management System ISO 50001:2011 2 Days November 20 21 $450.00

TP 26/13 Engineering Lightning Protection Systems 1 Day November 29 29 $350.00

Apave Liban 2013 Training Calendar

Join us on Linked In “Apave Liban trainings” group & Don’t miss the chance to register in our Trainings. Places are limited!

With Apave, you can now build your annual training plan and benefit from up to 30% discount on your participations to our open training sessions throughout the coming year 2013

Apave Liban (Subsidiary of Apave Group) is in need of the following profile:

inspector for Third Party inspection activity

This position concern mainly Lifting inspection (Overhead cranes, Tower cranes, Elevators, etc.).

Successful candidate will be trained for lifting inspection and works at height; he will be assigned to inspection missions in Lebanon and abroad, onshore and offshore sites.

We would appreciate receiving application of interested Technicians, that have the physical and intellectual abilities for this job.


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Towards A Better Future

Georges nasrEngineer - Car icatur ist

TRIBUNE LIBRE

Engineers are problem solvers. They apply scientific

and practical knowledge to design economic solutions

for existing problems. This skill is ever more needed

in an age where the earth’s finite resources are under

pressure from a growing human population that is

increasingly increasingly

affluent and demanding. To

sustain this demand for more

development, engineers have

excelled at marshalling more

of the Earth’s finite resources.

Engineers now have to

contend with the differences

between project needs and

environmental necessities.

On one hand, project

requirements are essentially

“linear”, defined by time-

sensitive objectives and

specific outputs achieved

at a predetermined cost. On

the other hand, a sustainable

environmental management

is “circular”, and often imposes

requirements that extend

beyond the life of a project.

Reconciling those two needs

is becoming ever more difficult in this new era of

development. This then engenders the need for new

paradigms of development to a civilization that has

essentially been build on humanity’s ability to “harvest

the sun” indirectly, through the harvesting of crops, and

the domestication of livestock. Agriculture developed

as early engineers first developed irrigation systems to

grow more crops, then build storage systems to house

and protect harvests. Growing food surpluses facilitated

the rise of ever more complex societal “super-organisms”

that needed to harvest even more of the sun’s energy.

Engineers devised newer

ways to “import” increased

amounts of energy into the

“system”, first from work

animals and water power,

and then through buried

hydrocarbons stores .

However, each one of

these solutions exacted

a price, often in the form

of increased pollution and

damaged ecosystems, and

many civilizations did not

survive their early successes.

Today, society faces the

unprecedented challenge

of resource limitation, and it

needs the skills of engineers

more than ever before in order

to help it reach sustainable

patterns of development.

Engineers are now faced with

an unprecedented challenge;

for all their ingenuity, their solutions were merely

“static” adaptations. Yet the Earth remains a dynamic

system made up of many interdependent subsystems;

one for which we have yet to develop the necessary

scientific and practical knowledge needed to solve the

new challenges that we face.

Bell, S., Morse, S.; 2005: Delivering Sustainability Therapy in Sustainable Development Projects, Journal of Environmental Management, 75Tainter, J.A.; 1990: The Collapse of Complex Societies, Cambridge University Press, UK.Bar Yam, Y.; 1997: Complexity rising: From human beings to human civilization, a complexity profile”, Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK.A system in which one physical state develops into another one over the course of time, often under the effect of extraneous influences (“forcings”).



Documents

Building &co issue n4