Building Blocks Rev 1

8/18/2019 Building Blocks Rev 1

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BUILDING BLOCKS OF

INFORMATION SYSTEM

By:

Akan Tanw

L Sar


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CONTENTS

•DATA AND INFORMATION

•INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

•FRONT AND BACK OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM

•A FEDERATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

•A FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

•STAKEHOLDERS

•BUILDING BLOCKS

•KNOWLEDGE FOCUS

•PROCESS FOCUS

•INTERFACE FOCUS


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DATA AND INFORMATION

Data are raw facts ab!t t"e r#a$%&at%$ a$' %ts b!s%$ess tra$sact%$s(%te)s "a*e +%tt+e )ea$%$# a$' !se b, t"e)se+*es(

Information %s 'ata t"at "as bee$ ref%$e' a$' r#a$%&e' b, -rcess%$#

-!r-sef!+ %$te++%#e$ce(

Information Systems transform data into useful information.


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INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATECHNOLOGY

A$ information system .IS/ %s a$ arra$#e)e$t f -e-+e0 'ata0 -rcesc))!$%cat%$s0 a$' %$fr)at%$ tec"$+#, t"at %$teract t s!--rt a'a,1t1'a, -erat%$s %$ a b!s%$ess as we++ as s!--rt t"e -rb+e)1s+'ec%s%$ )a2%$# $ee's f )a$a#e)e$t a$' !sers(

Information technology %s a c$te)-rar, ter) t"at 'escr%bes t"e cc)-!ter tec"$+#, ."ar'ware a$' sftware/ w%t" te+ec))!$%cat%.'ata0 %)a#e0 a$' *%ce $etwr2s/(

Information technology has significantly expanded the power andmost information systems.


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FRONT AND BACK OFFICE INFORMATISYSTEM

Front-office information systems s!--rt b!s%$ess f!$ct%$s t"at c!st)ers .r c$st%t!e$ts/(

•Mar2et%$#

•Sa+es

•C!st)er )a$a#e)e$t

Back-office information systems s!--rt %$ter$a+ b!s%$ess -erat%$w%t" s!--+%ers .f )ater%a+s0 e3!%-)e$t0 s!--+%es0 a$' ser*%ces/(

•H!)a$ res!rces

•F%$a$c%a+ )a$a#e)e$t

•Ma$!fact!r%$#

• I$*e$tr, c$tr+


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A FEDERINFORM


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CLASSES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

Transaction processing systems are %$fr)at%$ s,ste) a--+%cat%a$' -rcess 'ata ab!t .r fr/ b!s%$ess tra$sact%$s( T"e, are s)et%)processing systems(

Management information system .MIS/ %s a$ %$fr)at%$ s,ste) -r*%'es fr )a$a#e)e$t1r%e$te' re-rt%$#0 !s!a++, %$ a -re'e

fr)at(

Decision support system .DSS/ %s a$ %$fr)at%$ s,ste) a--+%cat%

%ts !sers w%t" 'ec%s%$1r%e$te' %$fr)at%$ w"e$e*er a 'ec%s%$ )

ar%ses( W"e$ a--+%e' t e4ec!t%*e )a$a#ers0 t"ese s,ste)s are s

executie information systems(

!xpert system %s a$ %$fr)at%$ s,ste) a--+%cat%$ t"at ca-t!res t"e

e4-ert%se f a -rb+e) s+*er r 'ec%s%$ )a2er0 a$' t"e$ s%)!+ates t


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A FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMATION SYARCHITECTURE

A$ information systems architecture -r*%'es a !$%f,%$# fra)ewr2*ar%!s -e-+e w%t" '%ffere$t -ers-ect%*es ca$ r#a$%&e a$' *%ew t"e f b!%+'%$# b+c2s f %$fr)at%$ s,ste)s(

Sta2e"+'ers "a*e '%ffere$t *%ews f t"e s,ste) a$' eac" "as s)et"%$%$ 'eter)%$%$# t"e s!ccess f t"e s,ste)(

Sta2e"+'ers ca$ be bra'+, c+ass%f%e' %$t f!r #r!-s9

S,ste) Ow$ers

S,ste) Users

S,ste) Des%#$ers

S,ste) B!%+'ers


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STAKEHOLDERS

System owners -a, fr t"e s,ste) t be b!%+t a$' )a%$ta%$e'( System users !se t"e s,ste) t -erfr) r s!--rt t"e wr2 t be c)

System designers 'es%#$ t"e s,ste) t )eet t"e !sers6 re3!%re)e$ts(

System "uilders c$str!ct0 test0 a$' 'e+%*er t"e s,ste) %$t -erat%$(

Systems analysts fac%+%tate t"e 'e*e+-)e$t f %$fr)at%$ s,ste)s

a--+%cat%$s b, br%'#%$# t"e c))!$%cat%$s #a- t"at e4%sts betwee$s,ste) w$ers a$' !sers a$' tec"$%ca+ s,ste) 'es%#$ers a$' b!%+'ers(

IT endors and consultants se++ "ar'ware0 sftware0 a$' ser*%ces t %$cr-rat%$ %$t t"e%r %$fr)at%$ s,ste)s(


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PERSPECTI:E OF OWNERS AND USERS

System #wners and System $sers te$' t fc!s $ ; c))$ b!s%$ess #a$, IS91

1 T %)-r*e b!s%$ess 2$w+e'#e .K$w+e'#e %s -r'!ct f 'ata a$' %$fr

1 T %)-r*e b!s%$ess -rcesses a$' ser*%ces

1 T %)-r*e b!s%$ess c))!$%cat%$s a$' -e-+e c++abrat%$


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PERSPECTI:E OF DESIGNERS ANDBUILDERS

System designers and "uilders te$' t fc!s $ tec"$+#%es t"at )t"e IS t ac"%e*e b!s%$ess #a+s( T"e%r -ers-ect%*e te$' t fc!s $91

1 T"e Database tec"$+#%es t"at s!--rt b!s%$ess acc!)!+at%$ a$' !

2$w+e'#e

1 T"e sftware tec"$+#%es t"at a!t)ate a$' s!--rt b!s%$ess

ser*%ces

1 T"e %$terface tec"$+#%es t"at s!--rt b!s%$ess c))!$%cat%$c++abrat%$(

INFORMATIONSYSTEMS FRAMEWORK


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK

S

Y

S

T

E

M

A

N

A

L

Y

S

T

S

SYSTEM

BUILDERS

SYSTEM

DESIGNERS

SYSTEM

USERS

SYSTEM

OWNERS

Data

Technology

INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

(the actual, technical i!leentation o" the #y#te$

INFORMATION SYSTEM DESI%N

(&OW the #y#te 'ill e i!leente) u#ing technology$

INFORMATION SYSTEM RE*+IREMENTS

(W&AT the #y#te i# an) u#t )o in)e!en)ent o" technology$

INFORMATION SYSTEM SCOPE

(!u-!o#e an) .i#ion/ goal# an) o0ecti.e#/ co#t# an) ene"it#$

INFORMATION SYSTEM FOCUSES

Net'o-1ing

TechnologyInte-"ace

Technology

So"t'a-e

Technology

INFOSYSTPERS


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FOCUSES FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM

Data


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STAGES OF BUILDING BLOCKS

&t an !arly Stage0 a b!%+'%$# b+c2 ca$ s%)-+, c$s%st f af!$ct%$a+%t, s!c" as a c!st)er 'atabase a$' s)e retr%e*a+ t+s( B!

at t"%s f!$ct%$a+ +e*e+ f 'ef%$%t%$ are 'escr%be' as &rchitecture Bu

'&BBs(.

)ater on* rea+ -r'!cts r s-ec%f%c c!st) 'e*e+-)e$ts re-+ace 'ef%$%t%$s f f!$ct%$a+%t,0 a$' t"e b!%+'%$# b+c2s are t"e$ 'escr%be

Building Blocks 'SBBs(.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF ARCHITECTUREBUILDING BLOCK

•Def%$e w"at f!$ct%$a+%t, w%++ be %)-+e)e$te'

•Ca-t!re b!s%$ess a$' tec"$%ca+ re3!%re)e$ts

•Are tec"$+#, aware

•D%rect a$' #!%'e t"e 'e*e+-)e$t f Solution Building Blocks 'SBBs


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CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLUTIONBUILDING BLOCKS

•Def%$e w"at -r'!cts a$' c)-$e$ts w%++ %)-+e)e$t t"e f!$ct%$a+%t,

•Def%$e t"e %)-+e)e$tat%$

•F!+f%++ b!s%$ess re3!%re)e$ts


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BUILBLOC

THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS


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THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS


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THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS

K$w+e'#e e$ab+es a c)-a$, t ac"%e*e %ts )%ss%$ a$' *%s%$( T"e f!$'a$, IS %s t %)-r*e b!s%$ess 2$w+e'#e


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THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS9 SYSTEM OW

PERSPECTI:E

A'' *a+!e t t"e b!s%$ess 2$w+e'#e 11= t ta2e %$te++%#e$t 'ec%s%$s r#a$%&at%$6s )%ss%$0 b>ect%*es #a+s0 *%s%$ a$' )a%$ta%$%$# a c)-et%

Pr%)ar, r+e 11= 'ef%$e t"e sc-e a$' *%s%$ f t"e -r>ect(

%'e$t%f,%$# b!s%$ess e$t%t%es a$' b!s%$ess r!+es

"w t"e e$t%t%es %$teract(

'ef%$e -r>ect *%s%$ a$' e4-ectat%$s %$ ter)s f t"e%r %$s%#"ts --rt!$%t%es a$' c$stra%$ts


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THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS9 SYSTEM

USERS6 PERSPECTI:E

T"e, are e4-erts ab!t t"e 'ata t"at 'escr%be t"e b!s%$ess s,ste)9 )re fa

O$+, see 'ata %$ "w %t %s c!rre$t+, %)-+e)e$te' r t"%$2 %t s"!+' be %)-

T"e, re+ate 'ata re3!%re)e$ts t s,ste)s a$a+,sts(

Data re3!%re)e$ts are a re-rese$tat%$ f !sers6 'ata %$ ter)s f e$t

re+at%$s"%-s0 a$' r!+es(

Data re3!%re)e$ts s"!+' be e4-resse' %$ a fr)at t"at %s %$'e-e$'e$t ft"at ca$ r w%++ be !se' t stre t"e 'ata(


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THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS9 SYSTEM DESIGN

PERSPECTI:E

Tra$s+ate re3!%re)e$ts %$t c)-!ter f%+es a$' 'atabases(

Data str!ct!res0 Database sc"e)a0 f%e+'s0 %$'e4es a$' t"er tec"$+c)-$e$ts(

S,ste) 'es%#$ers6 *%ew f 'ata as s"w$ %$ t"e 'ata c+!)$ f t"e

'atabase sc"e)a

A 'atabase sc"e)a %s t"e tra$sfr)at%$ !r t"e 'ata )'e+ .s,ste) !seset f 'ata str!ct!res t"at ca$ be %)-+e)e$te' !s%$# t"e c"se$ 'atabase te

T"e 'es%#$ers? %$te$t %s t re-rese$t t"e 'es%#$ s!c" t"at9 .@/ %t f!

re3!%re)e$ts f t"e !sers a$' ./ %t -r*%'es s!ff%c%e$t 'eta%+ a$'

c))!$%cat%$# t"e 'atabase 'es%#$ t t"e s,ste) b!%+'ers(


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THE KNOWLEDGE FOCUS9 SYSTEM BUILDE

PERSPECTI:E

C+sest t t"e 'atabase tec"$+#, f!$'at%$(

Re-rese$t 'ata %$ *er, -rec%se a$' !$fr#%*%$# +a$#!a#es(

T"e )st c))$+, e$c!$tere' 'atabase c$str!ct%$ +a$#!a#e %s S

!er, La$#!a#e/

Database )a$a#e)e$t s,ste)

THE PROCESS FOCUS


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THE PROCESS FOCUS


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THE PROCESS FOCUS

PROCESSES 'e+%*er t"e f!$ct%$a+%t, f a$ %$fr)at%$ s,ste)( Prcesses -erfr) t"e wr2 %$ a s,ste)( T"e #a+ %s t a!t)ate a--r-r%ate -rcesses w%t" sftware tec"$+#,(

(((


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THE PROCESS FOCUS9 SYSTEM OWNERS6

PERSPECTI:E

B!s%$ess f!$ct%$s are $#%$# -rcesses t"at s!--rt t"e b!s%$ess

T,-%ca+ b!s%$ess f!$ct%$s %$c+!'e sa+es0 ser*%ce0 )a$!fact!r%$#0 s"%--

acc!$t%$#0 a$' s frt"(

Eac" f!$ct%$ %s $1#%$# t"at %s %t "as $ start%$# t%)e r st--%$# t%)e(

F!$ct%$s 11= s!b f!$ct%$s 11= -rcesses 11= tas2s

A crss1f!$ct%$a+ %$fr)at%$ s,ste) s!--rts re+e*a$t b!s%$ess -rcess

b!s%$ess f!$ct%$s w%t"!t re#ar' t tra'%t%$a+ r#a$%&at%$a+ b!$

'%*%s%$s0 'e-art)e$ts0 ce$ters0 a$' ff%ces(

H%str%ca++,0 )st ISs were f!$ct%$1ce$tere'( T"ere %s a$ %$creas%$# tre$'

f!$ct%$a+ ISs t e$s!re c)-+ete res-$se t c!st)er r'er re#ar

'e-art)e$ts are %$*+*e'(

(((


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THE PROCESS FOCUS 9 SYSTEM USERS6

PERSPECTI:ES

B!s%$ess -rcesses are act%*%t%es t"at res-$' t b!s%$ess e*e$ts(

B!s%$ess -rcesses are t"e 7wr28 -erfr)e' b, t"e s,ste)(

Re-rese$tat%$ f t"e !sers6 b!s%$ess -rcesses %$ ter)s f act%*%t%es0 'ata

f+w(

B!s%$ess -rcess re3!%re)e$ts 9 -+%c%es a$' -rce'!res(

A -+%c, %s a set f r!+es t"at #*er$ a b!s%$ess -rcess(

A -rce'!re %s a ste-1b,1ste- set f %$str!ct%$s a$' +#%c fr acc)-+%s

-rcess(


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THE PROCESS FOCUS9 SYSTEM DESIGNERS

PERSPECTI:ES

Is c$stra%$e' b, t"e +%)%tat%$s f s-ec%f%c tec"$+#,(C"%ce.s/ )a, be +%)%te' b, a sta$'ar'%&e' a--+%cat%$ arc"%tect!re t"at

sftware .a$' "ar'ware/ tec"$+#%es )!st be !se'(

T"e 'es%#$ers6 *%ew f -rcesses %s tec"$%ca+(

T"e 'es%#$er te$'s t fc!s $ a$ a--+%cat%$ sc"e)a(

A$ a--+%cat%$ sc"e)a %s a )'e+ t"at c))!$%cates "w se+ecte' b!s

are0 r w%++ be0 %)-+e)e$te' !s%$# t"e c)-!ter a$' -r#ra)s .sftware a

Sftware s-ec%f%cat%$s re-rese$t t"e tec"$%ca+ 'es%#$ f b!s%$ess -

a!t)ate' r s!--rte' b, c)-!ter -r#ra)s t be wr%tte$ b, s,ste) b!


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THE PROCESS FOCUS9 SYSTEM BUILDERS6

PERSPECTI:ES

S,ste) b!%+'ers re-rese$t PROCESSES !s%$# -rec%se c)-!ter -r#ra)t"at 'escr%be %$-!ts0 !t-!ts0 +#%c0 a$' c$tr+(

C)-!ter -r#ra))%$# +a$#!a#es are !se' t wr%te a--+%cat%$s -r#ra)A--+%cat%$s -r#ra)s are +a$#!a#e1base'0 )ac"%$e1rea'ab+e re-rese$tac)-!ter -rcess %s s!--se' t '0 r "w a c)-!ter -rcess acc)-+%s" %ts tas2(

S)e c)-!ter -r#ra))%$# +a$#!a#es -r*%'e a$ e4ce++e$t e$ -rtt,-%$# c)-!ter -rcess

THE INTERFACE FOCUS


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THE INTERFACE FOCUS


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THE INTERFACE FOCUS

Tw cr%t%ca+ %$terface #a+s fr a$ I$fr)at%$ S,ste) are91

•I$fr)at%$ S,ste) )!st -r*%'e effect%*e a$' eff%c%e$t c))!$%cat%$ %$terfa

!sers(

•T"ese %$terfaces s"!+' -r)te tea)wr2 a$' cr'%$at%$ f act%*%t%es(

I$fr)at%$ S,ste) )!st %$terface effect%*e+, a$' eff%c%e$t+, w%t" t"er ISs .w

a$' w%t" t"er b!s%$ess6 IS/Tec"$+#%es e4%st t 9

•%)-+e)e$t %$terfaces

•T e+%)%$ate "!)a$ errr r %$ter*e$t%$(

•fr s,ste) %$te#rat%$


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THE INTERFACE FOCUS9 SYSTEM OWNE

PERSPECTI:E

S,ste) w$ers are c$cer$e' w%t" csts a$' be$ef%ts f t"e %$terfac%$# s+!t%'e*e+-e'

T"e, $ee' t 'ef%$e %$ t"e ear+, sta#e f s,ste) 'e*e+-)e$t9

•W%t" w"%c" b!s%$ess !$%ts0 e)-+,ees0 c!st)ers a$' e4ter$a+ b!s%$esses t"e $

%$terface

•W%++ t"e s,ste) "as t %$terface w%t" t"er %$fr)at%$0 c)-!ters r a!t)ate' s

•Are t"ere a$, cr-rate r #*er$)e$ta+ re#!+at%$s r -+%c%es t"at )a, c$s

%$terfaces

S,ste) w$ers are %$tereste' %$ t"e b%# -%ct!re %$ t"%s case0 t"e *era++ c$te4t

re+ates t t"e b!s%$ess as a w"+e0 a$' t"er s,ste)s( T"e, are *%rt!a++, $e*er

'eta%+s


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THE INTERFACE FOCUS9 SYSTEM USER

PERSPECTI:ES

T"e !ser %$terface 'ef%$es "w t"e s,ste) !sers '%rect+, %$teract w%t" t"e %$fr

-r*%'e %$-!ts a$' 3!er%es0 a$' rece%*e !t-!ts a$' "e+-(

I$terface re3!%re)e$ts 9re-rese$tat%$ f t"e !sers6 %$-!ts a$' !t-!ts w"%c" r

-r-se' s,ste) w%++ %$teract w%t" !sers0 e)-+,ees0 b!s%$ess !$%ts0 c!st

b!s%$esses(

S,ste) !sers a+s $ee' t s-ec%f, t"e b!s%$ess 'ata re3!%re)e$ts fr %$terfacesa$' a--+%cat%$s(

Fr e4a)-+e0 %f a $ew -a,r++ s,ste) )!st %$terface w%t" a$ e4%st%$# -ers

s,ste)0 t"e %$-!ts a$' !t-!ts betwee$ t"se s,ste)s s"!+' be s-ec%f%e'

c$te$t a$' f+e4%b%+%t, .r %$f+e4%b%+%t,/( C"a$ces are t"at t"e e4%st%$# s,ste) w

c$stra%$ts $ t"e -r-se' s,ste) .t )%$%)%&e t"e $ee' t )'%f, t"e e4%st%$


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THE INTERFACE FOCUS9 SYSTEM DESIG

PERSPECTI:E

S,ste) 'es%#$ers )!st be c$cer$e' t"e 'eta%+s f bt" !ser a$' s,ste) %$

S,ste) 'es%#$ers are c$cer$e' w%t" c$s%ste$c,0 c)-+ete$ess0 a$' !s

!ser %$terfaces

User '%a+#!es .%$terface $a*%#at%$/ 'escr%be "w t"e !ser )*es fr

w%$'w0 %$teract%$# w%t" t"e a--+%cat%$ -r#ra)s t -erfr) !sef!+ wr2

S,ste) 'es%#$ers are c$cer$e' w%t" s,ste)1t1s,ste) %$terfaces(

S,ste) 'es%#$ers "a*e t 'es%#$ t"e s,ste)1t1s,ste) %$terfaces t"a

%$fr)at%$ s,ste) t tra$s-are$t+, %$ter-erate w%t" -re*%!s+, 'es%#$e'


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THE INTERFACE FOCUS9 SYSTEM BUILDERS

PERSPECTI:E

T"e, c$str!ct0 %$sta++0 test0 a$' %)-+e)e$t bt" !ser a$' s,ste)1t1ss+!t%$s !s%$# %$terface tec"$+#, (

Fr !ser %$terfaces0 t"e tec"$+#, %s !s!a++, e)be''e' %$t t"e -r#ra)

e$*%r$)e$ts !se' t c$str!ct t"e c)-!ter -rcesses(

S,ste) %$terfaces are c$s%'erab+, )re c)-+e4 t c$str!ct a$' )a,

%$terfac%$# tec"$+#%es s!c" as )%''+eware

M%''+eware %s a +a,er f !t%+%t, sftware t"at s%ts %$ betwee$ a--+%cat%$s,ste)s sftware t tra$s-are$t+, %$te#rate '%ffer%$# tec"$+#%es s t"at t


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Documents

Building Blocks Rev 1