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Building Blocks for Open Science: Opportunities for Library Engagement at EU Level
Susan Reilly
@skreilly
Executive Director
Ljubljana, October 2015
I’ll be talking about…
• LIBER & Open Science• Open Science in the EU• Definition of Open Science• Building blocks of Open Science• What can libraries do to support Open Science?
LIBER: reinventing the library of the future
• Largest network of European research libraries: 410 in over 40 countries
Mission:
“To provide an information infrastructure to enable research in LIBER institutions to be world class”
LIBER: Information Infrastructure for World Class Research?
• Collaborative• Growth in collaboration from 13% (2003)- 17% (2011)
• International• 40% of French & German research outputs a result of international
collaboration• Rate of citation grows as geographic extent of collaboration
increases
• Interdisciplinary• Foundation of frontiers research
• Data intensive• supports interdisciplinary exploration
• … and open
Higgs boson 2012 Journal
Physics B paper: 6235
citations
Libraries enabling Open Science
“We believe that the move towards openness will lead to increased transparency, better quality research, a higher
level of citizen engagement, and will accelerate the pace of scientific discovery through the facilitation of data-driven
innovation.”
http://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/LIBER_Statement-on-open-science-final.pdf
Council of Europe
European Commission• Launch of Open
Science Cloud• H2020 Open Data
Pilot
• Development of open science agenda
• Importance of skills, infra
Open Science Definition
“The conduction of science in a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research
processes are freely available, with terms that allow reuse, redistribution and reproduction of
the research”
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
The problem with defining Open Science
• Means is often confused with the end• Ultimate goal is to be a transient term i.e.
Open Science = Science• Aims to bring coherence and vision to a
range of different open activities e.g. open access, open data, open software
• Key is changing practice and culture, which is different for every stakeholder
Open Science= Diversity
Open Science Goals
• Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data
• Public availability and reusability of scientific data• Public accessibility and transparency of scientific
communication• Citizen engagement*• Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaborationDan Gezelter, http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269
*EU
To an Open Science Landscape
Open access publishing
New forms of peer review
Open infrastructureResearch data management
Open educational resources
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)Open science
Collaboration
Coyright & licencing
Policy
Advocacy & trainingAlternative Metrics
Open data
Building block: open access“We write to communicate an untenable situation facing the Harvard Library. Many large journal publishers have made the scholarly communication environment fiscally unsustainable and academically restrictive. ” Harvard University Library, 2012
Moved beyond the tipping point: http://www.science-metrix.com/pdf/SM_EC_OA_Availability_2004-2011.pdf
OpenAire2020 Post FP7 Gold Open Access Pilot
EUR 4m funding provided by the EC to support Open Access publications from post-grant FP7 projects finished no longer than 2 years ago.Guidelines develop after consultation:
Maximum of three publications per project to be funded (research articles, monographs, book chapters, contributions to conference proceedings) which meet the requirements described in the Pilot policy guidelines.No publications in hybrid journals will be funded, only in fully Open Access titles. A €2,000 funding cap is in place.Pilot (soft) launched beginning of May 2015.
,https://goldoa-pilot.openaire.eu/
Building block: open data
• Need to release the value of data• Benefits:
• Jobs (Copernicus= 50000 jobs)• Research productivity (big bang)• Help communities (flood hack)• Cost of not sharing (bird flu)
1.7 million billion bytes of date every minute
X 34
Data must be..
• Open by default (G8,LERU)• Usable by all
• Available• Findable• Interpretable• Citable• Curated/preserved
(1) Data contained and
explained within the article
(2) Further data explanations in
any kind of supplementary files to articles
(3) Data referenced from the article and
held in data centers and repositories
(4) Data publications, describing available datasets
(5) Data in drawers and on
disks at the institute
The Data Publication Pyramid
Building block: advocacy…
• Advocate for roadmaps and policies that promote open science at institutional and national level
• Advocate for changes in practice e.g. data citation, use of cc licences
and incentives
• Need to change system of incentives and assessment• Move away from journal based metrics• Consider value and impact of ALL research outputs (data,
software…)• Align assessment with institutional values
• Only a change of system of incentives will truly change practice and culture
Building block: infrastructure
• International• Open• Interoperable• Cross disciplinary• Facilitate collaboration
• Store & Share• Sync & Exchange• Replicate• Compute• Find
• Content• TDM tools • Workflows• Standards• Interoperability
Building block: skills and trainingReCODE Recommendation 10: Support the transition to
open research data through curriculum-development and training.The transition to an open science paradigm where research data plays a significant role requires training and education for researchers and for data
managers who support open science. Courses for getting researchers and data managers up-to date with current
relevant issues are necessary, as well as the development of curricula that contribute towards the
development of data science and information management as distinct and legitimate career paths.
•Need to embed training in post graduate education•Invest in the development of the data professional•Training provision as and when needed (importance of train the trainer)•Training and support for new tools and methods
Building block: policy and legislation• Legal clarity• Interoperabilty (WIPO solution?)• Ensure researchers have right to secondary publication
• Standard open access licences• CC-by and CC0/PD
Copyright v TDM
• Because it involves the copying of content in order to convert into machine readable format TDM may infringe copyright
• European Database Directive
prohibits copying of substantial
parts of databases• In US TDM is covered
by fair use, other parts of the
world have a specific exception
e.g. Japan, UKhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/apelad/304195427/
Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age
• Ultimate goal of text and data mining is to extract high level knowledge from low level data
• Allows analysis across disciplines• “Undiscovered public knowledge” (Swanson)• Identifies patterns in the data to produce new knowledge
• It’s not a new thing, it’s just digital information makes it a whole lot more powerful and relevant!
Elsevier TDM Policy
• Access through API only• Text only- no images, tables• Research must register details• Click-through licence• Terms can change any time• Reproducibility of results
Key Principles
• Copyright not intended to govern access to facts, ideas and data, nor should it
• Need to move beyond the tipping point of open access
• Protect academic freedom (no monitoring)• Human rights not to be undermined by contract• Evolution of ethics (standards and legislation)• No artificial restrictions on innovation
Libraries enabling Open Science
• Support Open Access• Deposit XML in OpenAire compliant repositories• Explore new business models- try publishing!• Be transparent!• Advise on use of licences
• https://www.openaire.eu/postgrantoapilot
Libraries enabling Open Science
• Get started in research data management• Research data management plans• Partner with data centres (back-office/front-office model)• Curate long tail data
Libraries’ OpportunitiesData Issue: Libraries and data centres opportunities (Chapter 4):
Availability Lower barriers to researchers to make their data available. Integrate data sets into retrieval services.
Findability Support of persistent identifiers. Engage in developing common metadescription schemas and common citation practices. Promote use of common standards and tools among researchers
Interpretability Support crosslinks between publications and datasets. Provide and help researchers understand metadescriptions of datasets. Establish and maintain knowledge base about data and their context.
Re-usability Curate and preserve datasets. Archive software needed for re-analysis of data. Be transparent about conditions under which data sets can be re-used (expert knowledge needed, software needed).
Citability Engage in establishing uniform data citation standards. Support and promote persistent identifiers.
Curation/Preservation Transparency about curation of submitted data. Promote good data management practice. Collaborate with data creators Instruct researchers on discipline specific best practices in data creation (preservation formats, documentation of
experiment,…)
Libraries enabling Open Science
• Provide training and develop the workforce• Best practice in research data managment• Guidance on copyright & licences• Training on tools
Advocate & engage
• Within institutions to develop policies and roadmaps• Towards researchers to highlight benefits of open science• With other stakeholders at insitutional level and
internationally• Gather and provide evidence for the need for changes in
legislation and policy• Promote and engage with citizens• Unite!• Sign the Hague Declaration!
• The Hague Declaration: http://thehaguedeclaration.com/the-hague-declaration-on-knowledge-discovery-in-the-digital-age/
• LERU Roadmap for Research Data http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/news/press-release-leru-roadmap-for-research-data/
• EUDAT http://eudat.eu/ • Research Data Alliance https://rd-alliance.org/• LIBER 10 Recommendation on Getting Started in RDM
http://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/The%20research%20data%20group%202012%20v7%20final.pdf
• OpenAire https://www.openaire.eu/ • San Francisco Declaration • http://www.ascb.org/dora-old/files/SFDeclarationFINAL.pdf