Building a Stronger, More Predictable Building a Stronger, More Predictable Humanitarian Response SystemHumanitarian Response System

Humanitarian Reform Support Unit, OCHA

Is Humanitarian Reform Is Humanitarian Reform Needed?Needed?

“Well-known, long-standing gaps”

“Limited linkages” between UN and non-UN actors

Coordination erratic and dependent on personalities

Insufficient accountability (particularly for IDPs)

Donor policies inconsistent

Some Findings from theSome Findings from the2005 Humanitarian Response Review2005 Humanitarian Response Review

Changing Environment Changing Environment for humanitarian operationsfor humanitarian operations

Proliferation of humanitarian actors

Changing role of the UN (less direct implementation, more standard-setting and facilitation)

Competitive funding environment

Increased public scrutiny of humanitarian action

Humanitarian aid: Humanitarian aid: NGOs growing in terms of NGOs growing in terms of expenditureexpenditure

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1. Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all sectors

2. Improved coordination

3. Adequate, timely and flexible financing

4. Effective partnerships between UN and non-UN actors

GOALS:GOALS:

Whose Whose reform?reform?

Inter-Agency Inter-Agency Standing Standing Committee (IASC)Committee (IASC)

Composed of NGO Composed of NGO consortia, Red Cross consortia, Red Cross and Red Crescent and Red Crescent Movement, IOM, World Movement, IOM, World bank and UN agenciesbank and UN agencies

Inter-Agency Standing Committee Full Members and Standing Invitees

Full Members

Food and Agricultural

Organisation (FAO)

Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP)

United Nations Population Fund

(UNFPA)

United Nations High Comissioner

for Refugees (UNHCR)

United Nations Children’s Fund

(UNICEF)

World Food Programme (WFP)

World Health Organisation

(WHO)

Standing Invitees

International Committee of the

Red Cross (ICRC)

International Council of Voluntary

Agencies (ICVA)

International Federation of Red

Cross and Red Crescent

Societies (IFRC)

American Council for Voluntary

International Action (InterAction)

International Organisation for

Migration (IOM)

Office of the High Commissioner

for Human Rights (OHCHR)

Office of the Special

Representative of the Secretary

General on the Human Rights of

Internally Displaced Persons

(RSG on HR of IDPs)

Steering Committee for

Humanitarian Response (SCHR)

World Bank (World Bank)

Goal 1Goal 1 Humanitarian Reform Humanitarian Reform

Adequate capacity and predictable leadership

in all sectors

Predictable Leadership in Predictable Leadership in Humanitarian Response:Humanitarian Response:

Global Leads (already established)Global Leads (already established)

AgricultureAgriculture FAOFAOEducationEducation UNICEFUNICEFFoodFood WFPWFPRefugeesRefugees UNHCRUNHCR

Predictable Leadership in Predictable Leadership in Humanitarian Response:Humanitarian Response:New Global “Cluster” LeadsNew Global “Cluster” Leads

Technical areasTechnical areas1.1. NutritionNutrition UNICEFUNICEF2.2. Water/SanitationWater/Sanitation UNICEFUNICEF3.3. HealthHealth WHOWHO4.4. Emergency Shelter:Emergency Shelter: IDPs (from conflict)IDPs (from conflict) UNHCRUNHCR

Natural disastersNatural disasters IFRC IFRC ‘Convenor’‘Convenor’

Cross-cutting areasCross-cutting areas5.5. Camp Coord/Mgmt:Camp Coord/Mgmt: IDPs (from conflict)IDPs (from conflict) UNHCRUNHCR

Natural disastersNatural disasters IOMIOM6.6. Protection: Protection: IDPs (from conflict)IDPs (from conflict) UNHCRUNHCR

Natural disasters/civiliansNatural disasters/civiliansfrom conflict (non-IDPs)from conflict (non-IDPs)

HCR/OHCHR/UNICEFHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF7.7. Early RecoveryEarly Recovery UNDPUNDP

Common service areasCommon service areas8.8. LogisticsLogistics WFPWFP9.9. TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

OCHA/UNICEF/WFPOCHA/UNICEF/WFP

Responsibilities of global cluster Responsibilities of global cluster leadsleads

Normative Normative - Standard setting and consolidation of Standard setting and consolidation of

‘best practice’‘best practice’

Build response capacityBuild response capacity- Training and system development at

local, regional and international levels- Surge capacity and standby rosters- Material stockpiles

Operational SupportOperational Support Emergency preparedness Advocacy and resource mobilization

Global Cluster Appeal: 2006Global Cluster Appeal: 2006 Improving Global Humanitarian Improving Global Humanitarian

Response Capacity Response Capacity

Appeal for USD 39 millionAppeal for USD 39 millionLaunched in March 2006Launched in March 2006

Received so far: USD 22 millionReceived so far: USD 22 million(Nearly 60%)(Nearly 60%)

Responsibilities of sector leads Responsibilities of sector leads at the country levelat the country level

Ensure the following:Ensure the following:

Inclusion of key humanitarian partners Establishment of appropriate coordination mechanisms Coordination with national/local authorities, local civil society

etc. Participatory and community-based approaches Attention to priority cross-cutting issues (age, environment,

gender, HIV/AIDS etc) Needs assessment and analysis Emergency preparedness Planning and strategy development Application of standards Monitoring and reporting Advocacy and resource mobilization Training and capacity building Provision of assistance and services as a last resort

Goal 2Goal 2 Humanitarian ReformHumanitarian Reform

Improved coordination

Strengthening the Strengthening the Humanitarian Coordinator Humanitarian Coordinator

SystemSystem

Improving humanitarian coordination and leadership

Strenthening the HC System Strenthening the HC System

SelectingSelecting MentoringMentoring TrainingTraining Appointing andAppointing and Holding accountableHolding accountable

individuals that can deliverindividuals that can delivereffective leadership ineffective leadership inhumanitarian emergencieshumanitarian emergencies

A comprehensive strategy A comprehensive strategy for:for:

Actions to strengthen the HC systemActions to strengthen the HC system

1.1. Establish broad-based Establish broad-based humanitarian country teamshumanitarian country teams

2.2. Develop a pool of HCs (from Develop a pool of HCs (from UN and non-UN) for short-UN and non-UN) for short-term and/or immediate term and/or immediate deploymentdeployment

3.3. RC/HC “score card”RC/HC “score card”

4.4. Develop new training Develop new training packagespackages

Goal 3Goal 3Humanitarian ReformHumanitarian Reform

Adequate, timely and flexible financing

Actions to improveActions to improvehumanitarian financinghumanitarian financing

Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) initiativeinitiative

(being piloted in Burundi and DRC) (being piloted in Burundi and DRC)

Establishment of CERFEstablishment of CERF

Other initiativesOther initiatives

Central Emergency Response Fund Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) (CERF)

Created to help ensure timely, adequate and flexible funding

Two Windows:Two Windows:

Rapid ResponseRapid Response

Under-Funded EmergenciesUnder-Funded Emergencies

For more information about CERF, visit http://cerf.un.org

CERFCERF

General Assembly Resolution A/RES/60/124 decided to General Assembly Resolution A/RES/60/124 decided to

upgrade the CERF to US$ 500 million (US$ 50 million upgrade the CERF to US$ 500 million (US$ 50 million

Loan component plus US$ 450 million Grant component).Loan component plus US$ 450 million Grant component).

Fully funded CERF represents 4% of global humanitarian Fully funded CERF represents 4% of global humanitarian

funding (USD 500 million out of USD 13 billion)funding (USD 500 million out of USD 13 billion)

NOT a substitute for donor contributions to the CAPNOT a substitute for donor contributions to the CAP

CERF contributions and CERF contributions and allocations allocations (Jan – Nov 2006)(Jan – Nov 2006)

Contributions/pledges - Contributions/pledges - US$ US$ 297 m297 m

Rapid Respons allocations - Rapid Respons allocations - US$ 112 mUS$ 112 m

Underfunded emergency allocations - Underfunded emergency allocations - US$ US$ 76m76m

Total allocations - Total allocations - US$ 188mUS$ 188m

Goal 4Goal 4 Humanitarian ReformHumanitarian Reform

Effective partnershipsbetween UN and non-UN

actors

Building more effective Building more effective partnershipspartnerships

IASC Country Teams now a IASC Country Teams now a requirement in all countries with HCsrequirement in all countries with HCs

Ongoing UN/non-UN dialogue, began Ongoing UN/non-UN dialogue, began with Geneva meeting in July 2006with Geneva meeting in July 2006

Humanitarian Community Partnership Humanitarian Community Partnership Teams to be piloted in 3 countriesTeams to be piloted in 3 countries