Build up to WWIIBuild up to WWII

ObjectiveObjective

SWBAT list the causes of World War IISWBAT list the causes of World War II

SWBAT analyze and hypothesis changes SWBAT analyze and hypothesis changes that could have avoided the war. that could have avoided the war.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What were the causes of World War II?What were the causes of World War II?

Parts of FascismParts of Fascism

Nationalism – Views a Nation (Group of People) Nationalism – Views a Nation (Group of People) as the foundation of a country as the foundation of a country Strong belief in the nation as the unifying identity that Strong belief in the nation as the unifying identity that

puts nation above all else.puts nation above all else.

Authoritarianism- State controls everything, no Authoritarianism- State controls everything, no identity outside of the state.identity outside of the state.Social Darwinism- Nation needs to purge itself of Social Darwinism- Nation needs to purge itself of the weaker parts of society in order to become the weaker parts of society in order to become stronger.stronger.Economics- State controlled economy. Economics- State controlled economy. Militaristic- Belief in a strong military.Militaristic- Belief in a strong military.

CommunismCommunism

Developed based on social classDeveloped based on social class

Wanted to spread wealth among the Wanted to spread wealth among the people, created economic equality.people, created economic equality.

Strong, authoritarian, single party Strong, authoritarian, single party governmentgovernment

State owned all property including farms, State owned all property including farms, and factoriesand factories

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Peace Treaty that ended WWIPeace Treaty that ended WWI

Established punitive conditions for ending Established punitive conditions for ending the War.the War.

Required Germany to:Required Germany to: Give up substantial territoryGive up substantial territory Pay reparations of 132 billion marks (about Pay reparations of 132 billion marks (about

$31 billion then).$31 billion then). Accept full responsibility for the War.Accept full responsibility for the War.

Change of the mapChange of the map

Buffer countries were Buffer countries were created to protect created to protect major powers from major powers from Germany.Germany.

Ottoman and Austro-Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires Hungarian empires were broken up.were broken up.

Economic Crisis in Germany in 20’s Economic Crisis in Germany in 20’s and 30’sand 30’s

During the WarDuring the War Spent $37 BillionSpent $37 Billion Collected $1.5 Billion in taxesCollected $1.5 Billion in taxes

Plus Reparations of $32 BillionPlus Reparations of $32 Billion

$65 Billion in total debt$65 Billion in total debt

What do you do?What do you do?

PRINT MONEY!!!PRINT MONEY!!!

PapiermarkPapiermark

1914- 4.2 marks = $1 U.S.1914- 4.2 marks = $1 U.S.

1923- 1,000,000,000 marks = $1 U.S.1923- 1,000,000,000 marks = $1 U.S.

Unemployment risesUnemployment rises

Inflation pricesInflation prices

Distressed BankingDistressed Banking

Resentment toward Resentment toward Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

Hated for signing the Treaty of VersaillesHated for signing the Treaty of Versailles

German generals blamed Weimar and German generals blamed Weimar and others…others… CommunistsCommunists JewsJews LiberalsLiberals

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Isolationism- Did not join the League of Isolationism- Did not join the League of Nations.Nations.

Insistence on Europe repaying war debts Insistence on Europe repaying war debts from WWI.from WWI.

Dawes Plan- Kick start Germany so they Dawes Plan- Kick start Germany so they can repay allies, who can repay U.S.can repay allies, who can repay U.S.

Enter Adolph HitlerEnter Adolph Hitler

Born in Austria in 1889Born in Austria in 1889

Fought in German Army in Fought in German Army in WWI.WWI.

Believed the nation had been Believed the nation had been sold out following WWI.sold out following WWI.

Became Nationalistic, anti-Became Nationalistic, anti-SemiticSemitic

Great at public speaking Great at public speaking

Made the small mustache a Made the small mustache a fashion pho’pa forever. fashion pho’pa forever.

Hitler’s RiseHitler’s Rise

Became involved with the national Became involved with the national Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) in 1921Party) in 1921

Led an uprising in 1923, that was crushedLed an uprising in 1923, that was crushed

In prison wrote In prison wrote Mein KampfMein Kampf “My Struggle” “My Struggle”

Blamed defeat in WWI on the Jews and Blamed defeat in WWI on the Jews and promoted the Aryan race.promoted the Aryan race.

Hitler gains powerHitler gains power

Grew Nazi Party between 1928 and 1932.Grew Nazi Party between 1928 and 1932.

August of 1934 Hindenburg dies, Hitler August of 1934 Hindenburg dies, Hitler combines President and Chancellor to combines President and Chancellor to become Fuhrer.become Fuhrer.

Declares 3Declares 3rdrd Reich(Empire) based on Holy Reich(Empire) based on Holy Roman Empire.Roman Empire.

Hitler’s PoliciesHitler’s Policies

Anti-Semitic RampagesAnti-Semitic Rampages Kristallnacht Kristallnacht

Built Infrastructure- Roads, highways Built Infrastructure- Roads, highways (auto-bon), and sports arenas(auto-bon), and sports arenas

Ignored Treaty of Versailles- Rearmed Ignored Treaty of Versailles- Rearmed Germany, put thousands to work.Germany, put thousands to work.

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

FDR focused on domestic issuesFDR focused on domestic issues

Low military spendingLow military spending

1928 Kellog-Briand Pact- Security through 1928 Kellog-Briand Pact- Security through disarmamentdisarmament

Italy: Mussolini gains powerItaly: Mussolini gains power

Outlaws opposition parties and controls Outlaws opposition parties and controls electionselectionsStarts “corporation” system that regulates Starts “corporation” system that regulates wages and prices on goods.wages and prices on goods.Improves, unemployment, public works, Improves, unemployment, public works, agriculture and industry.agriculture and industry.Expansion- Invasion of Ethiopia, City of Expansion- Invasion of Ethiopia, City of Fiume from Yugoslavia, and protectorate Fiume from Yugoslavia, and protectorate over Albania. over Albania.

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Neutrality Acts in 1935, 36 & 37. Neutrality Acts in 1935, 36 & 37. Restricted travel to countries at war.Restricted travel to countries at war. Restricted sales of arms to countries at war.Restricted sales of arms to countries at war. Restricted loans to countries at war.Restricted loans to countries at war.

Moral Embargo Moral Embargo FDR’s appeal to not sell to or buy from FDR’s appeal to not sell to or buy from

countries at war.countries at war.

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

1930’s Francisco Franco with the Nationalist 1930’s Francisco Franco with the Nationalist Party fighting Republicans to set up a Fascist Party fighting Republicans to set up a Fascist state in Spain.state in Spain.

Mussolini and Hitler back Franco by sending Mussolini and Hitler back Franco by sending troops (Italy), weapons (both) and air force troops (Italy), weapons (both) and air force bombings (Germany).bombings (Germany).

Civil War ended in 1939.Civil War ended in 1939.

Established Rome Berlin Axis in 1936, with an Established Rome Berlin Axis in 1936, with an alliance between Franco, Hitler and Mussolinialliance between Franco, Hitler and Mussolini

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Neutrality continues.Neutrality continues.

FDR avoids:FDR avoids: Isolationist lobbyIsolationist lobby American CatholicsAmerican Catholics

Fears spread of War if they support Fears spread of War if they support Republicans in SpainRepublicans in Spain

JapanJapan

Militarism Grows (Yes more isms)Militarism Grows (Yes more isms) Dependency on World Market strains economy.Dependency on World Market strains economy. Military takes control and censors, schools, university Military takes control and censors, schools, university

and Pressand Press Preaches “Greatness of Japan” and obedience to the Preaches “Greatness of Japan” and obedience to the

Emperor.Emperor. Build up military with eye on Asia.Build up military with eye on Asia.

ImperialismImperialism Invasion of Manchuria in 1931, “We are only seeking Invasion of Manchuria in 1931, “We are only seeking

out room to breathe.”out room to breathe.”

1936- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis signed1936- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis signed

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Stimson Doctrine- Condemned the Stimson Doctrine- Condemned the invasion into Manchuria, but suggested no invasion into Manchuria, but suggested no action.action.Japanese continued to press into ChinaJapanese continued to press into ChinaQuarantine SpeechQuarantine Speech FDR presses containment of Fascist FDR presses containment of Fascist

aggression in Europe and Asia.aggression in Europe and Asia. Public remains strongly isolationist and fears Public remains strongly isolationist and fears

war.war.

Germany ExpandsGermany Expands

Appeasement Appeasement 1936 Rearmament & 1936 Rearmament &

Reoccupation of Reoccupation of RhinelandRhineland

1938 invades Austria1938 invades Austria 1938 takes 1938 takes

SudetenlandSudetenland

Chamberlain and Chamberlain and Hitler meet in Munich Hitler meet in Munich Germany agrees to no Germany agrees to no

more expansion.more expansion.

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Appeasement Appeasement FDR urges Chamberlain to avoid war before FDR urges Chamberlain to avoid war before

Munich meetingMunich meeting FDR urges Hitler to hold a meeting with FDR urges Hitler to hold a meeting with

European leaders, but states American non European leaders, but states American non involvement.involvement.

Hitler invades CzechoslovakiaHitler invades Czechoslovakia

March of 1939 Germany overruns rest of March of 1939 Germany overruns rest of Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.Demanded return of portions of PolandDemanded return of portions of PolandBritain and France pledge support of Britain and France pledge support of Poland.Poland.Stalin in Russia makes agreement with Stalin in Russia makes agreement with Hitler on August 23, 1939, pledging non Hitler on August 23, 1939, pledging non aggression in Nazi-Soviet Pact.aggression in Nazi-Soviet Pact. Secretly agreed to split up Poland.Secretly agreed to split up Poland.

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

FDR pleads with world leaders to avoid FDR pleads with world leaders to avoid conflict and war.conflict and war.

Messages were largely ignored.Messages were largely ignored.

WWII BeginsWWII Begins

Hitler invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939.Hitler invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939.

Great Britain and France declare war on Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.Germany.

Germany defeats Poland in 3 weeksGermany defeats Poland in 3 weeks

War begins slowly over next 6 monthsWar begins slowly over next 6 months

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Neutrality? Isolationist still prevailed. Neutrality? Isolationist still prevailed. Neutrality laws restricted aid to any country.Neutrality laws restricted aid to any country. American First CommitteeAmerican First Committee

Congress passes “Cash and Carry”Congress passes “Cash and Carry”

80% wanted to stay out of War, while 70% 80% wanted to stay out of War, while 70% felt it more important to stop Hitler than felt it more important to stop Hitler than avoid War.avoid War.

Britain IsolatedBritain Isolated

Hitler controls- Eastern Europe, Norway, Hitler controls- Eastern Europe, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands and Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands and France.France.

Atlantic Charter August 1941Atlantic Charter August 1941 Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met to Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met to

discuss War.discuss War. Agreed to seek no gains following the War.Agreed to seek no gains following the War. Support rights of the PeopleSupport rights of the People

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Lend Lease ActLend Lease Act December 17, 1940December 17, 1940 Removes the “Cash” from “Cash and Carry.”Removes the “Cash” from “Cash and Carry.” ““Arsenal of Democracy” Arsenal of Democracy” Transfer of military equipment to countries Transfer of military equipment to countries

determined vital to the U.S. determined vital to the U.S. Sinking of Sinking of KearneyKearney and and Reuben JamesReuben James

Loss of over 100 menLoss of over 100 men

Congress allows merchant ships to be armedCongress allows merchant ships to be armed

Bombing of Pearl HarborBombing of Pearl Harbor

Japan needed U.S. Japan needed U.S. Oil, rubber and food.Oil, rubber and food.Attack Philippines and Attack Philippines and Dutch East IndiesDutch East IndiesNegotiation to end Negotiation to end embargo occur, but embargo occur, but Japan plans attack Japan plans attack anyway.anyway.Sunday morning, Sunday morning, Dec. 7, 1941Dec. 7, 1941

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

December 8, 1941December 8, 1941

U.S. Declares War on Axis Powers.U.S. Declares War on Axis Powers.

Decision timeDecision time

Pretend you are an American Travelling Pretend you are an American Travelling through Europe just before WWII.through Europe just before WWII.Write a letter to President Roosevelt telling Write a letter to President Roosevelt telling him about what you have seenhim about what you have seenAdvise him to Advise him to A- Change nothing and remain neutralA- Change nothing and remain neutral B- Become more involved and influence B- Become more involved and influence

European politics.European politics. C- Pre-eminently attack Hitler and MussoliniC- Pre-eminently attack Hitler and Mussolini