Gujarat State Disaster Management AuthorityGovernment of Gujarat

Presented by

R Bannerji

Chief Executive Officer4th November 2009

Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter scale; 7.7 Mw (USGS)

Public InfrastructurePower• Strengthening of 9,034 km of transmission and

distribution lines

Roads & Bridges• Repair/Reconstruction of 4,973 km of state

highways and rural roads• Restoration of 179 bridges

Rural Water Supply• Laying of 3975km of water supply pipelines

Dam safety & Irrigation• Strengthening of 222 dams

Housing• Reconstruction of 2,22,070 houses• Repair of 9,17,163 houses

Social InfrastructureEducation• Repair of 42,678 school rooms• Reconstruction of 12,750 school rooms

Health• Repair/Reconstruction of 1,548 health structures(

CHCs, PHCs, SCs, anganwadis, dispensaries, staff quarters)

Urban Infrastructure• 348 Km of roads to be completed• 362 Km of sewerage pipelines to be

laid• 703 Km of water supply pipelines to

be laid• 177 municipal buildings to be

reconstructed

Livelihood• Livelihood restoration of 200,000

families and much more

Social Rehabilitation

Public Buildings

• Reconstruction of 3,377 public buildings

• Repair of 9,001 public buildings

• Retrofitting of 4,572 undamaged buildings

• Retrofitting of 232 damaged buildings

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Housing

� Reconstruction of 2,03,218 G - 5 houses (94%) completed� Repair of 9,08,751 G - 1 to G – 4 houses (99%) completed

Social Infrastructure

Education Infrastructure

� 44,218 (100%) school rooms have been repaired

� 12,750 (100%) school rooms have been reconstructed

� 13,000 new additional school rooms have been reconstructed

Health Infrastructure

� Repair & Reconstruction of 1,107(100%) health structures have been completed

Livelihood Restoration

� Restored livelihood restoration of over 200,000 families working in agriculture and village cottage industries etc

Social Rehabilitation

� Setting of orphanages, assistance to paraplegics, pension to widows and old aged, artificial limbs to handicapped etc

PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS

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Public Infrastructure

Power� Strengthening of 8,903 km 100%) of transmission and distribution lines completed

Roads & Bridges� Repair/Reconstruction of 4,134 km (100%) of state highways and rural roads completed� All 179 bridges have been reconstructed

Rural Water Supply� 2,615 km (96%) of water supply pipelines laid

Dam Safety & Irrigation� 207 dams (122%) have been strengthened

Urban Infrastructure

� 349 Km (100%) of urban roads completed

� 333 Km (93%) of sewerage pipelines have been laid

� 700 Km ( 99.7%) of water supply pipelines have been laid

� 171 (99%) new municipal buildings have been reconstructed out of 173

Public Buildings

� 2,758 ( 99%) public buildings reconstructed

� 8,999 (98%) public buildings repaired

� Retrofitting of 3534 undamaged buildings underway and 377 completed

PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS

� A Comprehensive Program

� To undertake Rapid Repair and Reconstruction

� To cover all the aspects of human need, not merely

reconstruction of damaged structures but also

livelihood restoration, social rehabilitation etc

� To Promote Sustainable Recovery in the affected

areas including promoting construction of Multi –

Hazard Resistant Structures and Retrofitting of

undamaged buildings

� To lay the Foundation for Sustainable Disaster

Management Capacity Building in Gujarat

� Immediate Aftermath: Temporary shelters, tarpaulin

sheets, temporary sanitation facilities, communal kitchens

� Interim Housing: Mainly settled on land around

Bhuj.Government provided infrastructure. Many families

opted for interim structures made out of GI sheets. Others

opted for cash assistance, rented premises. Over 218, 000

families assisted.NGOs provided assistance to around

7000 families

� Permanent rehabilitation

� Relief or reconstruction & rehabilitation?

� Assistance or no assistance ?

� In-situ reconstruction or relocation

� Policy choice: Owner-driven, donor driven, Contractor-driven, NGO-driven, Cash assistance etc.

� Resource mobilization- loan, tax, issue of bonds budget appropriation, acceptance of donor help

� Policy options based on level of damage and mindset of people

� Pre-disaster governance conditions determine policy choices and implementation

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Owner Driven Reconstruction ( share 80%)

� Owner was the prime mover of the reconstruction process and reconstruction as per the need, pace and will of the owner

� Government providing material, technical and financial assistance

� A sense of acceptance and ownership leading to higher occupancy

� Knowledge transfer resulting in long-term disaster management capacity building

Public Private Partnership Programme (share 20%)

� Partnership with 80 NGOs on a 50% cost sharing basis with government

� Community through Gram Sabha to approve NGO involvement in principle

HOUSING RECOVERYAPPROACH

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HOUSING RECOVERYSECTOR - HIGHLIGHTS

RISK TRANSFER

� Insurance to 14 types of hazards for 10

years at premium of Rs.367 deducted

from the last financial installment by

the state

ENSURING STANDARDS

� Multi-hazard resistant reconstruction

� Payment of installments after

engineers’ certification

� Third party quality audit by National

Council for Cement and Building

Materials (NCCBM)

RESOURCE ASSISTANCE

� Payment made directly in bank accounts -

6,60,000 bank accounts opened

� 1,082material banks opened - 219 lakh

cement bags distributed apart from steel

at subsidized cost

� Excise duty/ Sales tax exemption for

building materials procured in Kutch

EQUITY

� Joint ownership of house by husband and wife

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

� Largely Owner Driven

� Minimal relocation

� Choice of relocation decided by village

community through gram sabha

� Needs more commitment and resources from government when compared with other options

� Need to provide money but take away the option of spending at free will

� Commitment of manpower for technical guidance and financial disbursement and program monitoring for a long time

� Involves more administrative expenditure and back office work

� May be politically risky

� Hundred percent donor funded

� 50 : 50 partnership between donor/NGO and

Government as an option

� Construction of one bed room kitchen by NGOs further

expansion by beneficiary through govt. assistance

� Land either bought by NGO or provided by Govt.

� Cement for reconstruction provided by Govt to NGOs

and subsidized cost

� Need to inform people on hazard resistant construction and technology

� Motivate people towards self-reliant reconstruction� In Gujarat IEC activities were carried out for more

than 6 months using films, print and electronic media, street plays, audio cassettes

� Owner driven to a large extent coincided with in-situ reconstruction to avoid involuntary displacements

� Partnership with civil society for information dissemination, awareness creation and advocacy- the mechanism of Sethu in Kutch

� Cash assistance was provided in three installments. 40% as mobilization, 40% at plinth level and 20% after completion

� Reimbursement based on work done

� Assistance disbursed directly to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries

� Assistance disbursed after verification of construction for quality and quantities

� More than 29,000 Masons trained in hazard resistant construction

� More than 6,000 engineers in private and public trained in hazard resistance construction

� 1,500 engineers appointed to provide technical guidance to the owners

� Special engineering division set up to monitor housing reconstruction under a Chief Engineer

� Competency based certification introduced for masons.

� More manpower- education, inspection, technical audit,

financial progress etc

� Takes longer to get off the ground, though work gets

completed sooner

� Involves a secondary stage of interim housing-in between

temporary shelters and final houses

� Owner driven reconstruction demands more from government than contractor/donor driven reconstruction

� Not all owners have the capacity to undertake reconstruction on their own like single mothers or widows etc

� Control of construction material cost critical-address inflation� Information, education campaign critical� Technical guidance and quality audit critical for owner driven

reconstruction� Without enabling mechanisms owner driven reconstruction will

reinforce pre-disaster patterns of vulnerability� Pre-existing Governance Structures at the Grass roots vital for

success

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Task 2

Task 1

Relocation and Rehabilitation

Preparation of Town Planning Schemes

Infrastructure Development

URBAN RE-ENGINEERINGAPPROACH

Task 3

Task 4

Preparation of

Development Plans

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URBAN RE-ENGINEERING

Programme implementation - Institutional arrangement

� Designation of Gujarat Urban Development Company as implementation

agency for procurement, design supervision and implementation

� Setting up Area Development Authorities in the worst affected towns of

Kutch to facilitate the development process and rehabilitation

Programme design

� Accurate mapping done through 19 studies of the affected areas

� Using existing legislations for preparation of Development Plans (DPs) and

Town Planning Schemes (TPS) to lay the base for infrastructure design and

implementation

� Separate packages for procurement of town planning, infrastructure design

and supervising and detailed unit design consultants

Community participation

� 1,800 consultative meetings conducted for incorporating public objections and

suggestions in the development and town planning processes20

Large central market area

Market streets for pedestrians

Well planned street network

Proper access for all plots

Existing Proposed

Traditional markets on specific streets

Traffic congestion

No hierarchy of streets

Plots have no proper access

Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

URBAN RE-ENGINEERINGPREPRATION OF 4 DEVELOPMENT PLANS &

13 TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES

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Road network in periphery poor

No clear pattern

No hierarchy Poor quality of construction

New roads for growth areas

Ring - radial pattern

Clearly defined hierarchy

Better quality of construction

Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

URBAN RE-ENGINEERINGROAD NETWORK PLANNING

Existing Proposed

� The PPP program between NGOs and Government had

sub-optimal results-evaluations in other States in India

show similar results

� Approach multi lateral lending institutions with caution.

There are innumerable ‘hidden costs’ in engaging with

MFIs

� Livelihood rehabilitation of those without productive

assets could not be addressed. May be worthwhile to

study the TN pattern post-Tsunami

� The insistence on the paradigm “Build Back Better”

� A tentative- but certain- shift towards the philosophy that

post disaster, public funds should be expended on

restoration of public infrastructure, while private damages

should , in part, be borne by market driven institutions like

the insurance sector. Such risk diversification and pooling

is necessary to incentivize people to build safer houses.

� A new framework in terms of legislation

� An all encompassing organizational structure-the GSDMA

� Institutionalization of disaster preparedness and mitigation

� The setting up of the Indian Seismological Research

Institute and GIDM

� Each development project is examined for sustainability

against disasters

Thank You