Build Back BetterEarthquake Reconstruction in Gujarat

Gujarat State Disaster Management AuthorityGovernment of Gujarat

Presented by

Rajesh KishoreChief Executive Officer

December 19th 2006

2

GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE - 26 January 2001

Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter scale; 7.7 Mw (USGS)

Epicenter - Chaubari village, north of Bhachau, Kutch. Reported lives lost 13,805

167,000 persons suffered injury

One of the worst earthquakes in the last 180 years

Over 10 million people affected by the calamity

Around 5 million people needed to be given

immediate relief all over the State

Over 10,000 small and medium industrial units went out of production

50,000 artisans lost their livelihood ….that too in the wake of two consecutive years of drought.

Over 300 hospitals destroyed 7,633 villages adversely affected, 450 villages flattened totally

Over 2,22,035 houses completely destroyed and 9,17,158 houses damaged

3

THE NEED OF RECONSTRUCTION & REHABILITATION

ACHIEVE BALANCED & SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY IN THE AFFECTED AREAS – across 21 out of 25 districts

COVER ALL ASPECTS OF HUMAN NEED – not merely repair & reconstruct to upgraded MHR standards but also to restore livelihoods & undertake social rehabilitation

ADOPT MULTISECTORAL APPROACH –for integrated & holistic all round development across rural and urban areas

LAY FOUNDATION FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABLE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY BUILDING IN GUJARAT

4

THIS ESTABLISHED A CLEAR NEED FOR

A CENTRAL, EMPOWERED ORGANISATION

A CLEAR VISION AND PROGRAMME

5

THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE GUJARAT STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

QUICK POLICY MAKING

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MASSIVE RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMME

COORDINATING WITH GOVERNMENT OF GUJARAT, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MULTILATERAL FUNDING AGENCIES, UN AGENCIES, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

SETTING BUILDING STANDARDS

RESOURCE AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

MONITORING AND QUALITY INSPECTION

CAPACITY BUILDING FOR LONG TERM DISASTER MANAGEMENT

HOLISTICComprehensive physical, economic and social reconstruction

PARTICIPATIVECitizens participation, public private partnership

MULTI - HAZARD APPROACHEarthquake, cyclone, tsunami, flood, chemical hazard etc

SUSTAINABLECapacity building, training and awareness creation

TRANSPARENTAccountability, grievance redressal

VISIONRisk reduction, response, readiness and recovery

PROGRAMME APPROACH

7

Total Estimated Cost - Rs. 7,936 crores ($1.76 billion)

PROGRAMME COST

Transportation, 642 Disaster Management,335

Health, 385

Urban Infrastructure, 533

Others, 144

Rural Water Supply, 1034

Rural & Cottage Industry, 339

Community Participation, 36

Education, 743 Agriculture, 80

Dams & Irrigation, 246

Housing, 2496

Project Management, 25

Public Buildings, 591

Housing Dams & Irrigation Agriculture

Education Rural Water Supply Rural & Cottage Industry

Health Urban Infrastructure Others

Community Participation Transportation

Disaster Management Public Buildings

Project Management

Social Infrastructure

Livelihood

8

Housing

Reconstruction of 2,00,218 G - 5 houses (90%) completed Repair of 9,08,751 G - 1 to G – 4 houses (99%) completed

Social Infrastructure

Education Infrastructure 44,218 (100%) school rooms have been repaired 12,750 (100%) school rooms have been reconstructed 13,000 new additional school rooms have been reconstructed

Health Infrastructure Repair & Reconstruction of 1,107(100%) health structures have

been completed

Livelihood Restoration

Restored livelihood restoration of over 200,000 families working in agriculture and village cottage industries etc

Social Rehabilitation

Setting of orphanages, assistance to paraplegics, pension to widows and old aged, artificial limbs to handicapped etc

PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS

9

Public Infrastructure

Power Strengthening of 8,903 km (90%) of transmission and distribution lines

completed

Roads & Bridges Repair/Reconstruction of 4,134 km (98%) of state highways and rural

roads completed All 179 bridges have been reconstructed

Rural Water Supply 2,615 km (96%) of water supply pipelines laid

Dam Safety & Irrigation 181 dams (82%) have been strengthened

Urban Infrastructure

349 Km (100%) of urban roads completed

333 Km (93%) of sewerage pipelines have been laid

700 Km ( 99.7%) of water supply pipelines have been laid

171 (99%) new municipal buildings have been reconstructed out of 173

Public Buildings

2,758 ( 99%) public buildings reconstructed

8,999 (98%) public buildings repaired

Retrofitting of 3534 undamaged buildings underway and 377 completed

PROGRAMME ACHIEVEMENTS

10

Owner Driven Reconstruction ( share 80%)

Owner was the prime mover of the reconstruction process and reconstruction as per the need, pace and will of the owner

Government providing material, technical and financial assistance

A sense of acceptance and ownership leading to higher occupancy

Knowledge transfer resulting in long-term disaster management capacity building

Public Private Partnership Programme (share 20%)

Partnership with 80 NGOs on a 50% cost sharing basis with government

Community through Gram Sabha to approve NGO involvement

HOUSING RECOVERYAPPROACH

11HOUSING RECOVERYSECTOR - HIGHLIGHTS

RISK TRANSFER

Insurance to 14 types of

hazards for 10 years at

premium of Rs.367 deducted

from the last financial

installment by the state

ENSURING STANDARDS

Multi-hazard resistant reconstruction

Payment of installments after engineers’ certification

Third party quality audit by National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM)

RESOURCE ASSISTANCE

Payment made directly in bank accounts - 6,60,000 bank accounts opened

1,082 material banks opened - 219 lakh cement bags distributed apart from steel at subsidized cost

Excise duty/ Sales tax exemption for building materials procured in Kutch

EQUITY

Joint ownership of house by husband and wife

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Largely Owner Driven Minimal relocation Choice of relocation decided by

village community through gram sabha

12

Task undertaken scientifically & methodically..

In 14 affected towns

Task 2

Task 1

Relocation and

Rehabilitation

Preparation of Town Planning Schemes

Infrastructure Development

URBAN RE - ENGINEERINGAPPROACH

Task 3

Task 4

Preparation of

Development Plans

13

URBAN RE - ENGINEERING

Programme implementation - Institutional arrangement

Designation of Gujarat Urban Development Company as implementation agency for procurement, design supervision and implementation

Setting up Area Development Authorities in the worst affected towns of Kutch to facilitate the development process and rehabilitation

Programme design Accurate mapping done through 19 studies of the affected areas

Using existing legislations for preparation of Development Plans (DPs) and Town Planning Schemes (TPS) to lay the base for infrastructure design and implementation

Separate packages for procurement of town planning, infrastructure design and supervising and detailed unit design consultants

Community participation 1,800 consultative meetings conducted for incorporating public

objections and suggestions in the development and town planning processes

14

Large central market area

Market streets for pedestrians

Well planned street

network

Proper access for all plots

Existing Proposed

Traditional markets on specific streets

Traffic congestio

n

No hierarchy of

streets

Plots have no proper access

Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

URBAN RE - ENGINEERINGPREPRATION OF 4 DEVELOPMENT PLANS &

13 TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES

15

Road network in periphery poor

No clear pattern

No hierarchy

Poor quality of construction

New roads for growth areas

Ring - radial pattern

Clearly defined hierarchy

Better quality of construction

Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

URBAN RE - ENGINEERINGROAD NETWORK PLANNING

Existing Proposed

16

City only partly served

Inadequate supply

Periphery has no piped supply

Pipes in old city

damaged

Service to entire

city

Narmada drinking water

New system for

periphery

Reconstruction of city networks

Existing Proposed

Source – Bhuj Development Plan: GERRP

URBAN RE - ENGINEERINGWATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE NETWORK PLANNING

BENEFIT MONITORINGHousing – Urban and Rural

93% G-5 beneficiaries occupied re-constructed and insured permanent houses

52% beneficiaries had separate toilets and 84% had separate kitchens

39% beneficiaries in the 4 towns lived in larger houses as compared to the pre-earthquake situation

85% newly constructed houses in the 4 towns had a road passing directly in front of them

23% more BPL families live in permanent houses

Education More than 90% students who dropped out in both primary and

secondary schools have rejoined - no loss in academic year

Livelihood 72% women surveyed have more income now compared to pre –

earthquake time

Source – BME (phase II), 2nd sample survey report - 2004

18

Relief distribution

99% of the affected population received immediate relief assistance such as cashdoles, grains, utensils, clothes, blankets, medicines, tents, plastic sheets etc

Damage assessment

About 60% responded that the classification of houses was done on a fair basis and showed satisfaction

Community participation

65% responded that the process for selection of new site was in common interest and acceptable to all

Grievance redressal

More than 74% responded that the grievance redressal system was fair

About 42,000 cases processed by the Ombudsman

Environmental safeguard

80% responded that rubble was used for recycling and there was absence of any environmental risk during reconstruction

SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Source –SIA (phase II) final report - 2004

Factors behind GSDMA functioning

A unique organisational form - Autonomous entity with statutory status – evolved its own procedures

High powered governance structure – First time in the State – focused decision making – cutting short procedures

Focused entity with domain experience in Disaster Management

A lean and flat organization with a non - bureaucratic organizational culture -Flexibility and adaptability in functioning

Ability to manage large resources in a transparent & accountable manner

Credibility and acceptability before State & National Government, International funding agencies etc

Efficiency in outsourcing and contract managementSource – Institutional study: IIM A, discussion report - 2006

HOW DID WE “BUILD BACK BETTER”

Having a Clear Vision – turning adversity into a

development opportunity

Designing a comprehensive, time bound, multi

sectoral Program

Creation of a central empowered institution –

decision making, policy setting, programme

formulation, resource allocation, implementation,

evaluation and monitoring, reporting

High level of organisational commitment

Using the existing departments for programme

implementation

Setting and Building to higher standards

Regular involvement of affected persons and LSGs/

CBOs/ NGOs

RECOGNITION/AWARDS

GEERP awarded The Green Award by World Bank for successfully integrating environmental concerns in the Emergency Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Program for the year 2001

GSDMA awarded The Commonwealth Association for Public Administration & Management (CAPAM) GOLD Award for Innovations in Governance in 2004

GSDMA was awarded The United Nations Sasakawa Award for Disaster Reduction 2003

22

THANK YOU