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Build a Killer Customized Arch Linux Installation (and Learn All About Linux in the Process)
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Build aKiller Customized Arch Linux Installation (andLearn All About Linux in the Process)(http://lifehacker.com/5680453/build-a-killer-customized-arch-linux-installation-and-learn-all-about-linux-in-the-process)
Don't like Windows 8's new interface (http://lifehacker.com/5955229/why-does-everyone-
hate-windows-8-should-i-upgrade)? Sick of Ubuntu Unity and the new ads that come along
with it (http://lifehacker.com/5952845/whats-new-in-ubuntu-linux-1210-quantal-quetzal)?
Maybe it's time to create your own, ideal operating system with just the features you want.
Arch Linux can make it happen: it lets you build your own personal, killer Linux distro from the
ground up.
If this article looks familiar, it's because we've posted it before! However, Arch recently
changed its installation process quite a bit, making our old guide outdated. Due to the
popularity of this guide, we've updated it to work with Arch's new process, so we can all keep
getting our Arch fix (and hopefully introduce a few new users to the OS of their dreams).
Here's why you may want to use Arch Linux, followed by how to set it up.
(http://whitsongordon.kinja.com)
WHITSON GORDON (HTTP://WHITSONGORDON.KINJA.COM) HOW TO684,283 3 57
Why Does EveryoneHate Windows 8?Should I Upgrade?
(http://lifehacker.com/5955229/why-does-everyone-hate-windows-8-should-i-upgrade)
Dear Lifehacker, Windows 8 is out, and it's all
anyone's talking about—except everyone just
keeps telling me how much it sucks and how I…
Read… (http://lifehacker.com/5955229/why-
does-everyone-hate-windows-8-should-i-
upgrade)
(http://lifehacker.com/5955229/why-
does-everyone-
hate-windows-8-
should-i-upgrade)
What's New In UbuntuLinux 12.10 “QuantalQuetzal”
(http://lifehacker.com/5952845/whats-new-in-ubuntu-linux-1210-quantal-quetzal)
Ubuntu released the next iteration of your
favorite Linux distribution today, codenamed
"Quantal Quetzal." Here's what you'll… Read…
(http://lifehacker.com/5952845/whats-new-
in-ubuntu-linux-1210-quantal-quetzal)
(http://lifehacker.com/5952845/whats-
new-in-ubuntu-
linux-1210-
quantal-quetzal)
RELATED
Who Is Arch Linux Good For?
Linux is popular for a number of reasons, but high on that list is the fact that, with Linux, you
have a lot more power to tweak your OS to your liking. You also have the opportunity to learn
more about the way computers and operating systems work. While Ubuntu certainly fits this
bill (when compared with Windows or Mac OS), intermediate Linux users may be itching to try
something new. Arch Linux is a great distribution for intermediate users looking to dig into
Linux a bit more and essentially roll your own fast, stable, super-personalized distro.
The key part of this explanation is
"intermediate users." Arch Linux is not for
Linux beginners; there's a lot of manual
configuration and command line work
involved that Linux rookies probably aren't
comfortable with. If you are a rookie, that's
awesome—welcome to the wonderful world
of Linux—but you won't want to start here.
Check out our guide to getting started with
Linux first
(http://lifehacker.com/5778882/getting-
started-with-linux-the-complete-guide), and
when you've used something like Ubuntu
(http://www.ubuntu.com/) or Mint
(http://linuxmint.com/) for awhile, come on
back here for some serious Linux action. If
you're familiar with something like Ubuntu
and are comfortable with the basic ideas of command line work and configuration files, read
on, because Arch Linux is a great next step.
This guide has two parts. The first half describes the philosophy behind Arch Linux and its
benefits as a distro, while the second part is a (very simplified) guide on setting up your first
Arch install. I won't go through some of the more basic explanations since, as Linux users, you
probably know how to burn an ISO image to CD (http://lifehacker.com/5139424/how-to-
burn-isos-in-windows-7), what the difference between 32- and 64-bit operating systems is
(http://lifehacker.com/5431284/the-lifehacker-guide-to-64+bit-vs-32+bit-operating-systems),
and so on.
Getting Started with
Linux: The Complete
Guide
(http://lifehacker.com/5778882/getting-started-with-linux-the-complete-guide)
If you've been meaning to try out Linux but felt
too overwhelmed, we've got all the info you
need to get started. Here are our five lessons …
Read…
(http://lifehacker.com/5778882/getting-
started-with-linux-the-complete-guide)
(http://lifehacker.com/5778882/getting-
started-with-
linux-the-
complete-guide)
How to Burn ISOs inWindows 7
(http://lifehacker.com/5139424/how-to-burn-isos-in-windows-7)
(http://lifehacker.com/5139424/how-
to-burn-isos-in-
windows-7)
The Lifehacker Guide to64-bit vs. 32-bit
Operating Systems
(http://lifehacker.com/5431284/the-lifehacker-guide-to-64+bit-vs-32+bit-operating-systems)
(http://lifehacker.com/5431284/the-
lifehacker-guide-
to-64+bit-vs-
32+bit-operating-
systems)
RELATED
RELATED
Bear in mind that while this guide should get you started, this is by no means a one-stop-shop
for all Arch Linux knowledge. I highly, highly recommend you also browse the Arch Linux
Wiki (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Main_Page), especially the Beginner's Guide
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide), before you actually begin. The
forums (http://bbs.archlinux.org/) are also a great source of info, so check them out as well. If
you just follow the steps in this guide and go "ta-dah!", you'll miss the point of what Arch Linux
has to offer. The Beginner's Guide can be a bit overwhelming, since it incorporates so many
different possibilities that many first-timers won't deal with, so I've created this guide to inspire
you and help show you that it isn't as nerve-racking as it may seem—but you'll still want to use
multiple resources when you go to install your system.
Why Arch Linux?
As Arch is definitely not for Linux beginners, you may be wondering what its advantages are.
While it's pretty popular among developers and the like, it's also pretty popular among general
tweakers and geeks that like to really get at the nuts and bolts of a system. If you've been a
Linux user for a little while and you'd love to get a bit deeper and learn about how it works—so
you can more properly and openly configure it to work for you—Arch is the perfect next step in
your journey.
The philosophy behind Arch is what's known as The Arch Way
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/The_Arch_Way): simplicity at its finest. Specifically,
Arch aims to be an efficient, user-centric, open, elegantly coded distribution that doesn't
sacrifice anything for convenience. That is, when faced with a choice between more efficient
code and a simpler experience for the average computer user, Arch will always choose the
former.
However, while this may seem like a burden to some, it's actually one of Arch's biggest
advantages. Instead of configuring the distribution to be idiot-proof, Arch forces you (politely)
to learn what each configuration file and important terminal command does early on. Thus,
when something breaks or when you want to configure something beyond what KDE or
GNOME has options for, you pretty much already know where to go and what to do.
Note that I'm not trying to say that idiot-proofing is a bad thing. In fact, being simple to use is
one of the best characteristics a modern OS can have—for the average PC user. Once again, this
guide is not for those people. This is for those of us that love tinkering with our operating
system's insides.
Why, as an Ubuntu User, You May Want to Switch
Good news for Windows users looking to burn a
quick ISO disk image to a CD or DVD: Windows
7 supports dead simple burning of ISOs. Read…
(http://lifehacker.com/5139424/how-to-burn-
isos-in-windows-7)
You're probably aware that 64-bit and 32-bit
versions of your operating system exist, but
apart from ascribing to a bigger-is-better
philosophy, … Read…
(http://lifehacker.com/5431284/the-
lifehacker-guide-to-64+bit-vs-32+bit-
operating-systems)
Of course, if you're already a Linux user, you're probably pretty happy with all the options your
distro of choice gives you. Here's what Arch really offers that makes it worth trying.
You'll Know What's Really Going on Behind the Scenes
For the record, I like Ubuntu. It's easy to
install, works out of the box on tons of
hardware, and has actually made some
interesting innovations on the desktop
(http://lifehacker.com/5890978/first-look-
at-ubuntu-linux-1204-precise-pangolin)
(whether you love or hate Unity as a whole).
I've also used it to repurpose some old PCs
for my mother around the house and it's
easy enough for even non-geeks to use. If
you use Linux solely because it's free, open,
and easy to use, you don't need to complicate
your life for no reason. However, if you've
used Linux for a little while and would like to
take the next step, Arch is where you want to
go.
While Ubuntu works out of the box with a lot of computers, and provides a lot of user-friendly
configuration for certain things, it's a nightmare to configure for others. It provides no way of
teaching you where the correct config files are for your eighty button mouse or your three
monitor setup, and I hate to say it, but in my experience the Ubuntu forums have been less
than helpful. Again, not to hate, but that's just what I've experienced.
Arch's installation doesn't really have a graphical interface. It's mostly done through the
command line, and consists of you using a guide like this and the fabulous Arch Wiki to
partition your drive, install a minimal base system, and go through each command and
configuration file to get things set up, and you'll know how the base system works. That way,
down the road, when you want to automatically mount another hard drive when Arch boots,
you'll know you need to add something to the options column of /etc/fstab, and you
won't be intimidated by that fact. And, when you don't know what to do, Arch has one of the
best documentations and communities I've ever seen.
You'll Always Have the Newest Software
Unlike other popular operating systems, Arch doesn't have a big update every two years, one
year, or even six months—Arch updates whatever it wants, whenever it wants, which means
you're constantly on the bleeding edge of both the OS and the software you use.
First Look at Ubuntu
Linux 12.04 "Precise
Pangolin"
(http://lifehacker.com/5890978/first-look-at-
ubuntu-linux-1204-precise-pangolin)
Ubuntu 12.04 "Precise Pangolin" is out today,
bringing lots of improvements to your favorite
Linux distribution. It has a new quick search…
Read… (http://lifehacker.com/5890978/first-
look-at-ubuntu-linux-1204-precise-pangolin)
(http://lifehacker.com/5890978/first-
look-at-ubuntu-
linux-1204-
precise-pangolin)
EXPAND
RELATED
Note that in this instance, "bleeding edge" does not mean "ridiculously unstable". Lots of testing
goes into these packages before they get added to the repositories, and you aren't going to find
your PC crashing every day because you're always getting the newest updates. What it really
means is that you'll get software updates as soon as they're ready to use, not as soon as Ubuntu
gets around to updating their repositories. If Thunderbird releases an update, you'll get that
update the next day—not the next month.
You Build a Killer Operating System that Fits Your Needs and Wants
Since you start off with a minimal install and build up from there, you won't have any
unnecessary packages bloating up your system. You have complete control over everything that
goes into your setup, and you can make it as small and minimalistic or as big and powerful as
you want—you essentially build your own, fast, stable, super-customized Linux distro from the
ground up. And who wouldn't love that?
How to Install Arch Linux
If all this sounds like your dream come true, then it's time to move on to the next step: actually
installing Arch. While the Arch Wiki has a great Beginner's Guide
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners'_Guide) (have I mentioned that you should
read it?), I found I still ran into a few hiccups along the way, and the wiki is so full of (great)
information that it can be a bit overwhelming for an Arch first-timer. For example, the
beginner's guide goes through lots of different possible situations—i.e., if you're using a static IP,
if you require wireless internet from the get-go, etc. Instead of trying to sift through all that and
ignore the more advanced stuff that may not apply to you, I've created this guide that should
get you up and running without your brain exploding.
This guide contains the methods I found work best and were easiest for me, and they should
work with most PC builds without a problem. If you do run into any problems, or have any
specific needs that aren't fulfilled by this guide (like if you are using a static IP), you can
probably find more detail in the corresponding section of Arch's Beginner's Guide, so head over
there when necessary.
Step One: Get Yourself an Arch Linux Install CD
You can install Arch many different ways, but we're going to use your basic CD installation. If
you don't have an optical drive, you can always install it from a USB flash drive
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Install_from_a_USB_flash_drive), too. Head over to
the Arch download page (http://www.archlinux.org/download/), download the Arch Linux
ISO, and burn it to your installation medium of choice before you continue.
Step Two: Set Up Your Partitions
While you could always partition your drive from the Arch Linux installation CD, it's much
easier to do from a Linux Live CD like Ubuntu (http://www.ubuntu.com/) or GParted
(http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php), which you probably already have (because you're
no Linux slouch!). Assuming you already know how to partition drives, go ahead and make one
for your OS (around 15GB is safe) and one for all your documents and apps (which can be as
EXPAND
EXPAND
big as you want). If you use an SSD, you can just make one partition on the SSD for your boot
drive and one on a bigger HDD for your files. You can also make a nice 1GB swap partition for
good measure, but if you have a lot of RAM, this probably isn't necessary.
Format them as ext4, and note the names of the two you'll be using (i.e. /dev/sda1 as the
OS partition and /dev/sda2 as your data partition), as that's how you'll have to refer to the
partitions during the install process.
Now that you've created your partitions, boot up from your newly-burned Arch Installation CD
and choose "Start Arch Linux" at the prompt. Make sure you choose the right architecture for
your CPU (http://lifehacker.com/5431284/the-lifehacker-guide-to-64+bit-vs-32+bit-
operating-systems) (32-bit or i686 vs 64-bit or x86-64). When it finishes booting, you'll get a
command line prompt.
Start by seeing if you have an active internet connection. I recommend plugging your computer
in via Ethernet, since that'll make installation a lot easier, even if you plan on using Wi-Fi later.
To see if you have a connection, just ping Google with the following command:
ping -c 3 www.google.com
If you get an error that says unknown host or anything like that, you'll need to set up your
network manually (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide#Wired).
Next, mount those partitions you just created. If you aren't sure the names of your partitions,
run the following command:
fdisk -l
You'll see a list of your drives and partitions, with the same names we saw before (like
/dev/sda1. Make note of the partition(s) you want to use for Arch.
Again, we're using two partitions here—one for the OS and one for our personal files. So, we're
going to need to mount them as such. Mount your drives using the following commands:
mkdir /mnt
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home
In this example, /dev/sda1 is our root partition for the OS, while /dev/sda2 is our home
partition for our files.
The last thing you need to do before starting is select a mirror for downloading your packages.
Run:
nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Scroll down to your preferred mirror (the closer to your location the better), press Alt+6 to copy
the line, then scroll back up and press Ctrl+U to paste that line at the top of the list. US users
should already have a good server at the top of the list. When you're done, press Ctrl+X to exit,
and save with Y and Enter if you made any changes.
Step Three: Install the Arch Base System
Now it's time to start the installation. You can do so with the following command:
pacstrap -i /mnt base
If you want to tweak any packages during the process, you can do so when prompted, but the
default settings should be fine.
Next, you'll need to create and edit some config files. Here are the ones you want to worry
about:
/etc/fstab: Fstab stands for File Systems Table. This file lists your available drives and
partitions and decides how you'll use each one. To create one for your drive, just run:
genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
You can then view and edit it with:
nano /mnt/etc/fstab
The columns, in order from left to right, list the drive's name(s) and UUID, mount point, file
system, and boot options. You probably won't have to do anything here at the moment, but if
you have a lot of partitions on your drive, you'll probably find yourself back here soon. You
may also want to clean up the columns a little bit so they line up better, but that's up to you.
Check out the Fstab wiki entry (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab) for more
information.
/etc/locale.gen: This file determines certain location-based settings, like time and date
formats, alphabetic tweaks, and other things. For this and the other configuration files, we'll
need to chroot into our newly-created system. Essentially, we'll be running a terminal on
that system without having booted into it yet. To do this, just run:
arch-chroot /mnt
Next, create the locale files by running:
nano /etc/locale.gen
By default, everything has been commented out with a #, but you can scroll down and
uncomment the line for your locale(s) by deleting the # symbol. For example, US users would
uncomment the en_US.UTF-8 line. Again, press Ctrl+X to exit, then Y and Enter to save it.
You should also create a locale.conf file with the following command (for English-
speaking US users):
echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
If you speak another language, tweak this command accordingly.
Time Zone and Clock: Next, we'll set our time zone. To view the available zones, run the
following command:
ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
You can view sub-zones by picking a category and running:
ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/America
Find the zone you want, then run the following command, replacing
America/Los_Angeles with your time zone:
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Los_Angeles /etc/localtime
Then, set the clock according to your chosen zone with:
hwclock —systohc —utc
That's all you should need for now in the realm of miscellaneous configuration files. The next
few steps will be a tad more pointed.
Step Four: Set Up Your Network
At this point, you have network access from the live CD, but you'll need to set up your network
for the actual Arch installation.
If you have a wired connection, with a dynamic IP address, all you need to do is enable the
wired networking service on your new setup. To enable a background service like this one, you'll
need to use the systemctl command. In this case, run:
systemctl enable [email protected]
If you connect using Wi-Fi, you'll need to install a few packages first. To start, install Arch's
wireless tools with:
pacman -S wireless_tools wpa_supplicant wpa_actiond dialog
Then, run the following to connect to your network:
wifi-menu
This will create a profile in /etc/network.d named after your network. Lastly, enable the
wireless service with systemctl:
systemctl enable net-auto-wireless.service
Now, your network should be all set up and ready to go when you finish installing Arch.
Step Five: Configure Your Package Manager
Arch Linux uses a package manager called Pacman, and it's pretty darn awesome. Before you
can use it in your new installation though, you'll need to do a few things. Start by editing its
configuration file with:
nano /etc/pacman.conf
Scroll down to the "Repositories" section. The [core], [extra], and [community]
repositories should already be uncommented, but if you're on a 64-bit machine, you should also
enable the [multilib] repository, which lets you install both 64- and 32-bit programs. To do so,
add the following lines to the bottom of the config file:
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
If you're on a 32-bit system, you shouldn't need to edit anything in here right now, but it's a
good idea to take a look around, since this is where you'll add any extra repositories in the
future. When you're done, go ahead and exit, saving any changes you might have made.
When you're done, run the following command to refresh your repository list (if you made any
changes):
pacman -Sy
We'll talk more about how to use Pacman in a little bit. For now, head to the next step.
Step Six: Create a User Account
Now it's time for a few finishing touches before we actually boot into our Arch system. First, set
the root password by running:
passwd
Type in your desired password when prompted. Now, as an intermediate Linux user, you
already know you don't want to use the root account for regular computing, since that can be
dangerous. So, create a user account (and a password) for yourself by running:
useradd -m -g users -G wheel,storage,power -s /bin/bash johndoe
passwd johndoe
Of course, replace johndoe with your desired username. The string of comma-separated
terms contains the groups to which your user belongs. The ones listed should be fine, though
they aren't the only ones available. If you have a floppy drive or scanner, for example, you'll
want to add floppy and/or scanner to the list. For a full list, check out the Groups wiki
entry (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Groups).
Now would probably be a good time to install sudo too, so your new user can perform
administrative tasks. To do this, use the aforementioned Pacman package manager:
pacman -S sudo
That's how easy adding a package is in Pacman. If you wanted to see a list of packages
pertaining to a search term, you could type:
pacman -Ss sudo
This would search the repositories for "sudo", returning to you a list of packages containing that
name. Of course, you could also search the database on Arch Linux's web site
(http://www.archlinux.org/packages/).
Once you've installed sudo, you can allow your new user to run it by editing your sudoers file:
EDITOR=nano visudo
Scroll down until you find this line and uncomment it:
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
Save the document and exit the editor. This tweak will allow all members of the wheel group
—to which your new user belongs—to use sudo, which will be handy when you finally boot
into our new OS.
Step 7: Install Your Bootloader
Next, you'll need to install a bootloader that can boot you into your Arch installation. For this
guide, we'll be using the ever-popular GRUB, though you can use something else if you desire
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide#Install_and_configure_a_bootlo
ader). If you're installing Arch on a UEFI-based motherboard (instead of a BIOS-based
motherboard) or if you're dual-booting, you may want to do some extra reading
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide#Install_and_configure_a_bootlo
ader) before continuing, as everyone's setup is going to be a little different.
To install GRUB, run the following commands, replacing /dev/sda with the drive (not the
partition, /dev/sda1) that holds your Arch Linux installation:
pacman -S grub-bios
grub-install —target=i386-pc —recheck /dev/sda
cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo
If you're dual booting, run the following:
pacman -S os-prober
Then, whether you're dual-booting or not, run:
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
This will create a config file for your bootloader (which you can edit if you want different
options when booting into Arch or another OS).
Lastly, exit from chroot, unmount your partitions, and reboot your computer:
exit
umount /mnt/home
umount /mnt
reboot
Obviously, if you mounted other partitions at any point, include them in the commands above.
You should also remove your Arch Linux Installation CD at this time.
Step Eight: Get Your Desktop Up and Running
When you reboot, you should find yourself at a simple login prompt, just like when you first
started. However, this time, you're actually logging into your new Arch installation! You now
have a very basic system from which you can build up a working desktop with sound, video,
and more.
To start, let's get sound up and running. To do this, you need to install alsa-utils with the
following command:
sudo pacman -S alsa-utils
Then, start up alsamixer:
alsamixer
All your channels will start muted, so use the M key to unmute the channels you need. Then,
use the arrow keys to turn them up or down. You'll definitely want to unmute the Master
channel, and the PCM channel if you have one. Depending on your speaker setup, you may also
need to unmute others like Front Speaker or Headphone. Raise their volume up until "dB gain"
equals "0" for each. This will ensure that you don't get any sound distortion. Press ESC when
you're done.
To check and make sure your speakers are working, just run:
speaker-test -c 2
Change 2 to the number of speakers you have (for example, 8 if you have a 7.1 surround
system). If you hear the static it generates, you've got working audio! If not, head back to
alsamixer and try tweaking your channels to make sure everything's properly unmuted. To
stop the speaker test, press Ctrl+C.
Next, it's time to get some graphics up and running. First, we'll install the X window system
with:
sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-server-utils
If you want 3D support, you'll also want to install mesa:
sudo pacman -S mesa
Now comes what, in my experience, is always the most troublesome part of a Linux
installation: video drivers and configuring X. The video driver you need will depend on your
graphics card and what you want to get from it, so see the corresponding entry in the
Beginner's guide
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide#Install_a_video_driver) for more
information. You'll use Pacman to install those drivers, a process with which you're probably
familiar. For example, if I wanted to install the proprietary NVIDIA drivers on a 64-bit system,
I'd run:
sudo pacman -S nvidia lib32-nvidia-utils
Again, your commands will differ. Do some research to find out what drivers you need.
Most desktop computers should be able to use their mouse and keyboard out of the box. If
you're on a laptop, though, you should take this time to install some drivers for your trackpad:
sudo pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics
We're in the home stretch! Biw it's time to see if you can get a graphical environment up and
running. First, install the default environment:
pacman -S xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm
Then, to test X, just run:
startx
If it works, you should be able to interact with a very basic windowed environment and run
commands in xterm. You can exit by typing exit into xterm and hitting Enter.
It is here where I learned I used the wrong video drivers my first time around, so I had to
uninstall the old ones and reinstall a different package. To remove a package in Pacman, just
type:
pacman -Rns package_name
The n flag removes all the configuration files related to a package, while the s flag removes
any dependencies that are now unnecessary. I generally always use n and s when removing
a package, because I like to keep my system clean of cruft.
If you're having trouble with your video drivers and testing X, there's more information on
troubleshooting it
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide#Troubleshooting) in the
Beginner's Guide.
Stay with us, we're at the last step! All that's left is to install your desktop environment of
choice. First, install a few fonts:
sudo pacman -S ttf-dejavu
Then, pick your favorite desktop
environment
(http://lifehacker.com/5762081/wtf-
desktop-environments-gnome-kde-and-
more-explained) and install it (you can see
lots of good choices here
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Desktop_Environment)). Your commands will differ
depending on what you choose, but it should be simple. For example, to install a GNOME
desktop, you'd run:
sudo pacman -S gnome
This could take awhile, depending on how big of an environment you want. Once it's done, you
can turn on a display manager (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_Manager) to
give yourself a graphical login to your new desktop. GNOME comes with the gdm display
WTF DesktopEnvironments: GNOME,KDE, and More
Explained
(http://lifehacker.com/5762081/wtf-desktop-
environments-gnome-kde-and-more-explained)
You can customize nearly every last inch of
your Linux installation to fit your liking, and it
starts with choosing the right desktop
environment.… Read…
(http://lifehacker.com/5762081/wtf-desktop-
environments-gnome-kde-and-more-explained)
(http://lifehacker.com/5762081/wtf-
desktop-
environments-
gnome-kde-and-
more-explained)
RELATED
manager, so to enable its service (remember those?) we just need to run:
sudo systemctl enable gdm.service
Now, reboot your system with sudo reboot and you should find yourself inside a new
desktop on your new Arch system! Hooray!
Going Further: Using Pacman, Installing Other Apps, and More
Congratulations on setting up your first Arch desktop. There's a lot more to learn, but that's
pretty much where this guide ends. Here are some things you may want to read up on to get
started:
That's it for now! There's a ton of other
information out there, and lots of cool things
to do, but this will get you up and running. If
you have any questions, Google and the
Arch Forums are your friends, but so are we!
How to Use Pacman (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman#Usage):
You already know how to install a package with Pacman, but this'll show you how to
remove packages, update your repositories, and update your system with the newest
versions of all your apps. Memorize this, it will be your bible.
Install Other Apps with the Arch User Repository
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_User_Repository): One of my
absolute favorite parts of Arch is the Arch User Repository, or AUR. This is a special
repository that combines apps that aren't in the official repositories, managed by Arch's
user. It basically contains every Linux app you could possibly imagine. Read up on the
AUR (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_User_Repository) and install an AUR
helper (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR_Helpers) like Yaourt
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Yaourt) or Packer
(https://github.com/bruenig/packer/wiki)—they'll help you install apps from the AUR as
easily as you install apps with Pacman. Seriously, do this.
Install Browser Plug-ins (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Flash): You'll
probably want (however begrudgingly) to install Adobe Flash, and this wiki page will help
you do so.
Use the Forums (https://bbs.archlinux.org/): They'll be your greatest source of
help. Of course, make sure you Google and search the forums before you go and start
asking questions.
Compiz (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Compiz): Because who doesn't like
cool desktop effects (http://lifehacker.com/5840175/how-do-i-get-cool-desktop-effects-in-
linux)? Alternatively, KDE users can also use the built-in Kwin just by going to System
Settings.
Our Lifehacker Pack for Linux (http://lifehacker.com/lifehackerpack/linux)
and our App Directory (http://lifehacker.com/apps/linux): For finding all the
best apps to get your new system started.
Five Best LinuxDistributions
(http://lifehacker.com/5170138/five-
RELATED
Arch is a pretty popular distribution
(http://lifehacker.com/5170138/five-best-
linux-distributions) among Lifehacker
readers, so hit us up in the comments of this
post or in our weekly open thread
(http://lifehacker.com/tag/openthread/) if
you've got questions.
Title image remixed from somchaij
(http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-66288685/stock-
photo-completing-the-missing-jigsaw-puzzle-concept-
for-business-with-completing-the-team-with-final-person.html) (Shutterstock).
(http://lifehacker.com/5170138/five-best-linux-distributions)
There are many, many Linux distributions, and
a lot of unique reasons to like them. Read on to
see which open-source operating systems
inspired our… Read…
(http://lifehacker.com/5170138/five-best-
linux-distributions)
best-linux-
distributions)
Discuss (/posts/5680453/reply)
Author is participating
Whitson Gordon
BishopBlaize (http://bishopbl…
Since I built my first Hackintosh I realized
how useful is to have a fully tested list of
hardware to choose from before you build
and add the OS. Linux has good
compatibility, but not perfect, and the reason
I left was because of one too many updates
that took a weekend to get my soundcard
working again. I wonder if someone might
link to such as list for people wanting to do a
linux build?
12/06/12 8:35am (http://lifehacker.com/since-i-built-my-first-hackintosh-i-realized-how-useful-465396221)
(/posts/465396221/reply)
Whitson Gordon (http://whits…
Ubuntu has a pretty good list of compatible
hardware:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport
12/06/12 8:50am (http://lifehacker.com/ubuntu-has-a-pretty-good-list-of-compatible-hardware-h-465396225)
(/posts/465396225/reply)
majorsquirrel (http://majors…
So can I use that list for my Arch install?
Would that work well?
12/10/12 9:50pm (http://lifehacker.com/so-can-i-use-that-list-for-my-arch-install-would-that-465396263)
(/posts/465396263/reply)
Author is participating
donniezazen and 2 others...
installgen2 (http://installgen…
Maybe this is just me projecting my bad
experiences with Arch, but if you wanted a
really customized Linux distribution, why
not go with Gentoo? Compile times are a
pain, but I've found Gentoo to be a lot less
fussy than Arch. In all honesty though, I'd
just go for a minimal install of Debian
testing or Ubuntu.
12/06/12 11:20am (http://lifehacker.com/maybe-this-is-just-me-projecting-my-bad-experiences-wit-465396238)
(/posts/465396238/reply)
nickthename (http://nickthe…
I've found that doing a minimal installation
of ubuntu and a bit of messing around in the
command line allows you to gain plenty of
knowledge of linux without having to end up
with a rather unstable setup. Also, much of
the knowledge you pick up when installing a
distro from near-nothing is distro specific, so
it's nice to make your distro specific
knowledge be on something that is very
common.
12/06/12 3:53pm (http://lifehacker.com/ive-found-that-doing-a-minimal-installation-of-ubuntu-a-465396243)
(/posts/465396243/reply)
freddy_young (http://freddy_…
Fussy in which way?
Actually I couldn't stand Gentoo because of
its compile times.
Arch just works
12/07/12 5:35am (http://lifehacker.com/fussy-in-which-way-actually-i-couldnt-stand-gentoo-be-465396248)
(/posts/465396248/reply)
Author is participating
zomeburner (http://zomebur…
I was wondering if switching to a non-
debian-based distro would make some
softwares uninstallable. Could that be the
case ?
For examples, games, drivers, and so many
others apps ? It's just that I don't often see
an Arch package available... I know there is
the compiling possibility, but... ?
12/06/12 9:50am (http://lifehacker.com/i-was-wondering-if-switching-to-a-non-debian-based-dist-465396234)
(/posts/465396234/reply)
Whitson Gordon (http://whits…
(/posts/465396235/reply)
Author is participating
myrddyn (http://myrddyn.kin…
I appreciate your articles, so I turned off my
AdBlock...
... only to find you don't have ads on here. Is
that intentional or is something else blocking
them?
7/11/13 8:56pm (http://lifehacker.com/i-appreciate-your-articles-so-i-turned-off-my-adblock-751652852)
(/posts/751652852/reply)
freddy_young
This is why I love the AUR. Chances are, if
there's an app you want, someone's already
compiled it and you can install it with a
package manager like Yaourt or Packer. In
fact, I've probably had to compile LESS from
source on Arch than I did on Ubuntu!
12/06/12 9:52am (http://lifehacker.com/this-is-why-i-love-the-aur-chances-are-if-theres-an-a-465396235)
srzbble (http://srzbble.kinja.…
I've been using Arch for more than one year
and I never had to compile.
If it's not here:
https://www.archlinux.org/packages/
Then it's here: https://aur.archlinux.org/
12/06/12 2:52pm (http://lifehacker.com/ive-been-using-arch-for-more-than-one-year-and-i-never-465396242)
(/posts/465396242/reply)
Whitson Gordon (http://whits…
First of all: Thank you!
Second, yes we do have ads, though not a
ton of them. Usually only one or so is visible
at a time, so maybe you're just missing it?
Although something else could be blocking
them. Maybe FlashBlock?
7/11/13 9:49pm (http://lifehacker.com/first-of-all-thank-you-second-yes-we-do-have-ads-th-751968027)
(/posts/751968027/reply)
3 participants
The Moss (http://tomascastil…
I just installed Arch on my laptop as I was
upgrading to Win 8. I dual boot with it using
the Win 8 bootloader (instead of GRUB).
Took a bit more reading and a few trials, but
got it up and running now and loving it!
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Windo
ws_and_Arch_Dual_Boot#Using_Windows
_boot-loader
The tricky thing with this one is to make
sure there's a /boot partition for GRUB to
reside on and an FAT-32 partition so
Windows can see it. The bootloader looks like
this, fyi
12/06/12 9:16am (http://lifehacker.com/i-just-installed-arch-on-my-laptop-as-i-was-upgrading-t-465396226)
(/posts/465396226/reply)
akshay2000 (http://akshay2…
Do you mean to say that you are using only
Windows 8 bootloader? Why? I mean, yeah,
it looks good, really good. But usually,
people load Windows bootloader via GRUB
by chainloading. No?
12/12/12 12:11am (http://lifehacker.com/do-you-mean-to-say-that-you-are-using-only-windows-8-bo-465396265)
(/posts/465396265/reply)
The Moss (http://tomascastil…
Well I guess that's a good question, as I've
asked myself that a few times too.
The reasons that lead me down this road was
to try something else and that it looked really
good. It's weird though because it goes
through BIOS, loads the Win8 bootloader, I
select my OS... but when I pick my Arch
Partition, it basically restarts by going
through BIOS and all, and then pulls up
GRUB (so there's no chainloading needed
for this).
(/posts/465396266/reply)
estebanrules (http://esteban…
I ran Ubuntu and then other Debian-based
distros for years and years. I still really like
Debian, but I think that might be because
I'm most comfortable in the Debian
environment.
When I decided to "step up" to a distro that
required some more know-how and work, I
tried out both Gentoo and Arch. Gentoo is
great, but the compile times really weighed
down on me and I felt like I was always
"fixing something" instead of just working in
a stable environment.
Today I dual-boot Ubuntu and Arch. I still
love the ease and the Debian-base of Ubuntu
(and truth be told I like Unity) but I
primarily use Arch. Arch is very fast, stable,
and I've learned a ton more about the inner-
workings of Linux from using Arch.
Anyway, this is a great install guide. One
thing to mention however is that there is an
issue with setting up ethernet.
You can find a resolution to that issue here.
(https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/33923)
Have fun ;)
5/17/13 9:22am (http://lifehacker.com/i-ran-ubuntu-and-then-other-debian-based-distros-for-ye-508224622)
1 (/posts/508224622/reply)
donniezazen (http://donniez…
I like the direction and leadership Ubuntu
has which is lacked in Arch. In Arch, most
decisions are made by Desktop
Environments. For example, power menu in
Gnome is decided by Gnome, they also
removed delete key function, etc.
12/07/12 10:26am (http://lifehacker.com/i-like-the-direction-and-leadership-ubuntu-has-which-is-465396252)
(/posts/465396252/reply)
Mplicit (http://mplicit.kinja.c…
akshay2000
It's fairly cool and visually appealing to be
doing it this way, but it is very slow and not
very practical. I've been contemplating
switching back to chainloading with GRUB
since that's much faster, and easier to deal
with too.
12/12/12 9:07am (http://lifehacker.com/well-i-guess-thats-a-good-question-as-ive-asked-myself-465396266)
For those who find their network card
doesn't work on reboot into the installed
system, have a look at this post -
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?...
(https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?
pid=1220535)
5/26/13 2:55am (http://lifehacker.com/for-those-who-find-their-network-card-doesnt-work-on-re-509912668)
2 (/posts/509912668/reply)
serpent5 (http://serpent5.ki…
My first experience of Linux was Arch, many
years ago when I had no idea what this
Linux idea was all about. I didn't stick with it
for long and ended up running mostly
Ubuntu since, with the odd foray into Fedora
Core and Mint. I came across this article
when searching Google for alternatives to
Ubuntu, Fedora and Mint and the idea of
somewhat building up my own customised
Linux system from scratch really pulled me
in. I gained a lot of Linux knowledge from
using the more "user-friendly" distributions
but, as this article suggests, I've picked up
much more since diving back into the world
of Arch and I will never look back.
6/06/13 2:25pm (http://lifehacker.com/my-first-experience-of-linux-was-arch-many-years-ago-w-511742000)
1 (/posts/511742000/reply)
Ishaan Bahal (http://ishaanb…
For those people who connect to a wifi
which is secured by a wep key and are facing
problems, a simple solution is to
1. Go to wifi-menu.
2.Connect to your wifi AP.
3.When prompted Connecting failed, save
the profile.
4.Go to /etc/netctl and edit your AP profile
and add \" before the key
Example : Key=\"1234567890
7/09/13 5:10am (http://lifehacker.com/for-those-people-who-connect-to-a-wifi-which-is-secured-716815783)
1 (/posts/716815783/reply)
SenorValasco (http://senorv…
I remember back when you posted the last
guide I bookmarked it with the intention of
giving it a shot. Now around 2 years later
I've bookmarked the updated guide...wonder
if I'll get around to it this time...
12/06/12 1:43pm (http://lifehacker.com/i-remember-back-when-you-posted-the-last-guide-i-bookma-465396240)
(/posts/465396240/reply)
aem2 (http://aem2.kinja.com) Whitson Gordon
I run Arch on both my server and my
desktop, and I am wicked confused by
systemd. I know it's now the linux standard,
but I miss my rc.conf, dammit!
12/12/12 10:07am (http://lifehacker.com/i-run-arch-on-both-my-server-and-my-desktop-and-i-am-w-465396268)
(/posts/465396268/reply)
Mr_Green_Linux (http://mrg…
Whitson do not forget to mention setting up
of pacman-keys, unless you edit
pacman.conf not to use them.
12/06/12 8:38am (http://lifehacker.com/whitson-do-not-forget-to-mention-setting-up-of-pacman-k-465396222)
(/posts/465396222/reply)
juzerali (http://juzerali.kinja.…
Thanks. I loved reading the article!
12/06/12 9:44am (http://lifehacker.com/thanks-i-loved-reading-the-article-465396233)
(/posts/465396233/reply)
1 participant
Justin Hughes (http://jlhughe…
I took on this challenge earlier this year.
Funnily enough, it was after they changed
the installation process, and I ended up not
being able to use most of this guide.
I think it was for the best though. I learned
so much by struggling through the whole
process and learning it through the guide
and the wiki.
Also I know you like to promote a GUI
partition tool, but I found it very
enlightening to have to learn fdisk and the
purpose and place for the different partitions
required by linux. Perhaps a guide on fdisk
and linux partitioning would be a good
addendum to this guide for those that are
(/posts/465396254/reply)
1 participant
Sarthraj (http://sarthraj.kinja…
It would be great if you guys could add some
information on how to install a boot loader
on a UEFI motherboard. I've been trying to
follow the guide on the Arch Wiki but it's
pretty confusing.
12/08/12 8:06pm (http://lifehacker.com/it-would-be-great-if-you-guys-could-add-some-informatio-465396255)
(/posts/465396255/reply)
zdevex (http://zdevex.kinja.c…
Indeed, installing a UEFI bootloader can be
confusing to say the least. One of the issue
that I ran into was that there were quite a
few small idiosyncrasies specific to my
computer that the wiki didn't cover.
(/posts/465396262/reply)
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interested in knowing more about the low-
levels of Linux.
12/07/12 1:43pm (http://lifehacker.com/i-took-on-this-challenge-earlier-this-year-funnily-eno-465396254)
Schumi23 (http://schumi23.…
Yes! I would love to have one.
12/27/12 6:26am (http://lifehacker.com/yes-i-would-love-to-have-one-465396269)
(/posts/465396269/reply)
If you tell me your computer model, how far
you got, and specifically which bootloader
you are trying to install (grub I assume), I'd
be happy to offer any suggestions I can.
12/10/12 6:04pm (http://lifehacker.com/indeed-installing-a-uefi-bootloader-can-be-confusing-t-465396262)
1 participant
Daedalus359 (http://daedal…
I am using the cfdisk in arch to partition my
hard drive. How do I make the filesystems
ext4?
12/09/12 11:14am (http://lifehacker.com/i-am-using-the-cfdisk-in-arch-to-partition-my-hard-driv-465396256)
(/posts/465396256/reply)
1 participant
someone_unimportant (http:…
The Beginners' Guide's overwhelming
nature, though being cleansed from this
article, is ALSO not present in the
community-maintained (and therefore
semi-timeless, given Arch's vibrant
community) resource that makes this article
so superfluous that it appears to not have
been read by this article's author; this
resource is the Arch Wiki's Installation
Guide.
tl;dr If you don't like Arch's Beginners'
Guide, use its Installation Guide.
12/06/12 5:13pm (http://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guides-overwhelming-nature-though-being-465396244)
(/posts/465396244/reply)
jdebona (http://jdebona.kinj…
Huh?
4/06/13 6:19am (http://lifehacker.com/huh-493102736)
(/posts/493102736/reply)
drowning_fish (http://drowni…
I love my Archbox that I've had to install
roughly 3 times over the years (I even kind
of like that the install process doesn't use an
interface anymore). I'm thinking of doing it
again because something system wise got
messed somewhere and I don't feel like
tracking it down. How do you guys always
know?
Anyways, there's a great script:
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?
id=130515 that will automate most of the
install and is great for those of you who
want some type of interface to work with (I
recommend —ais mode over the default for
more customization). It also recommends
certain popular programs for different
activities.
12/06/12 8:38am (http://lifehacker.com/i-love-my-archbox-that-ive-had-to-install-roughly-3-tim-465396223)
(/posts/465396223/reply)
zargon (http://zargon.kinja.c…
I sort of miss running gentoo. It was fun,
challenging and educational. I also always
liked portage out of all the packaging
systems at the time, when it worked, it was
awesome and powerful.
Ultimately, I got sick of spending so much
time working on the system. I had a few
issues with version upgrades that required
me to re-do the system, which wasn't fun. I
ended up switching to Windows 7 when it
first came out. All I really use my laptop for
now is buying stuff on-line, research my
hobbies, looking up information about babies
(just had our first in Oct), email and bill
paying... nothing exciting.
12/06/12 11:01am (http://lifehacker.com/i-sort-of-miss-running-gentoo-it-was-fun-challenging-465396237)
(/posts/465396237/reply)
Teroni (http://teroni.kinja.co…
Arch was the first distro I ever installed,
went straight past the Ubuntu crap. I prefer
knowing exactly how my system is set up.
You learn terminal right away, and to go
anywhere in Linux knowing terminal is top
priority (ssh access comes to mind). I also
learned the file system, where to edit certain
files, etc. All in all, I'm very happy I started
with Arch instead of Ubuntu or any other
"beginner" distributions, just because I
learned way more than I would have relying
on a GUI for everything.
12/06/12 5:57pm (http://lifehacker.com/arch-was-the-first-distro-i-ever-installed-went-straig-465396245)
(/posts/465396245/reply)
FreedomByDesign (http://fre…
Personally I like arch, ran ubuntu for years
when I got tired of windows breaking and
the only update I was getting was WGA
patches and not fixes to serious security
concerns. Jumped from ubuntu when they
went to unity, I get the long term goal but
don't subscribe to the 1 OS for all platforms
theory so landed on arch. Even if this is
(/posts/465396273/reply)
ne0crptx (http://ne0crptx.ki…
I found this guide super useful. The only
trouble I ran into was having a different
ethernet nic listed under live cd (eth0) which
turned out to be enp4s0 when I booted after
install. Thus I had to alter the relevant install
(/posts/465396275/reply)
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1440728710)
outside your skill set there are several spin
offs that are easier to install like bridge linux,
archbang, cinnarch, chakra, and manjaro
any of which are good choices if you want to
test.
1/09/13 10:35am (http://lifehacker.com/personally-i-like-arch-ran-ubuntu-for-years-when-i-got-465396273)
step setting up networking before reboot.
Thanks for making this... it was the catalyst
for me installing arch linux. As a side note, I
installed lxde as my desptop manager and I
am suer happy with how fast and light my
OS feels.
3/19/13 3:59pm (http://lifehacker.com/i-found-this-guide-super-useful-the-only-trouble-i-ran-465396275)
TingoL10 (http://tingol10.kinj…
Very nice guide, it's certainly the best linux
distro to use your machine to its fullest
potential
12/06/12 8:31am (http://lifehacker.com/very-nice-guide-its-certainly-the-best-linux-distro-to-465396220)
(/posts/465396220/reply)
RizzLinux (http://rizzlinux.kin…
This is awesome, I used your article back in
2010 when I first installed Arch. Now I'm
finally getting back into it. Looking forward
to using this. Thanks!
12/06/12 9:55am (http://lifehacker.com/this-is-awesome-i-used-your-article-back-in-2010-when-465396236)
(/posts/465396236/reply)
ryebread1686 (http://ryebre…
Very nice article, really well done. I just
wanted to mention another option out there,
for those looking to learn more about the
inner workings of Linux. Check out Linux
From Scratch" at
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/
12/06/12 12:53pm (http://lifehacker.com/very-nice-article-really-well-done-i-just-wanted-to-m-465396239)
(/posts/465396239/reply)
EX4 (http://ex4.kinja.com) Whitson Gordon
Nice tutorial
some of the steps helps me manage my Arch
Linux runs on Raspberry Pi :)
12/10/12 2:13pm (http://lifehacker.com/nice-tutorial-some-of-the-steps-helps-me-manage-my-arch-465396261)
(/posts/465396261/reply)
dzerveviktory (http://dzervev…
does anyone know if this guide would also
work for the raspberry pi arch distro?
http://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv6/r
aspberry-pi
1/08/13 2:20pm (http://lifehacker.com/does-anyone-know-if-this-guide-would-also-work-for-the-465396270)
(/posts/465396270/reply)
Anonymous_____ (http://ano…
It's saddening there's something about a
somewhat good distro in a page owned by
the Gawker Group of Misinformation. Now
it looks tainted.
1/08/13 10:09pm (http://lifehacker.com/its-saddening-theres-something-about-a-somewhat-good-di-465396271)
(/posts/465396271/reply)
new2burner (http://new2bu…
pretty good guide...thanks! rebooting after
nvidia install helps...uefi bootloader part was
a pain...wish rEFInd was "pretty" with
mouse support...it's a great linux...works and
boots like a charm.
4/01/13 1:07pm (http://lifehacker.com/pretty-good-guide-thanks-rebooting-after-nvidia-inst-465396276)
(/posts/465396276/reply)
testingwithfire (http://testing…
Inspiring - can't wait to build that new
system so I can try this out.
12/06/12 8:45am (http://lifehacker.com/inspiring-cant-wait-to-build-that-new-system-so-i-can-465396224)
(/posts/465396224/reply)
Bemo007 (http://bemo007.…
Sell it and become filthy rich of it
http://bit.ly/UqhYHF
12/06/12 2:04pm (http://lifehacker.com/sell-it-and-become-filthy-rich-of-it-http-bit-ly-uqhy-465396241)
(/posts/465396241/reply)
Varun Priolkar (http://varun…
thank you. the best arch linux install guide!
3/14/13 1:52pm (http://lifehacker.com/thank-you-the-best-arch-linux-install-guide-465396274)
(/posts/465396274/reply)
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