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8/2/2019 Bugs Table1
1/13
Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Staphylococcus
Aureus
Food Poisoning
Scalded Skin Syndrome TSS Syndrome Furuncle, Carbuncle Bacteremia, Osteo-myelitis, Endocarditis
GRAM(+) COCCI in clusters
Catalase(+) -HEMOLYTIC Onlyat 4C COAGULASE(+)
MANNITOL fermenting
Hot-Cold Hemolysin Test:
-Hemolysin lyses at 4C Mannitol-Salt Agar forfecal specimens
Coagulase
Exfoliatin TSS-Toxin Protein-A (Type-IV Hyper-sensitivity) Ribitol Phosphate Peptido-glycan (Type-IHypersensitivity)
-Lactamase Penicil-
lin Resistance
Staphylococcus
Saprophyticus
Symptomatic UTIs.Selectively adheres totransitional epithelium.
GRAM(+) COCCI in clusters Catalase(+) Coagulase (-)
Non- Mannitol Ferment-ing
Urease(+)
StaphylococcusEpidermidis
Catheter infections leadingto local infection or
bacteremia
GRAM(+) COCCI in clusters Catalase(+) Coagulase (-) Non- Mannitol Ferment-
ing Urease(-)
Surface Glycocalyx No Protein A
Bacillus
Anthracis
ANTHRAX: Zoonotic,cattle Cutaneous eschar(malignant pustule) Pulmonary Anthrax GI Anthrax (othercountries) Septicemia
GRAM(+) ROD, large withsquare end Zoonotic Penicillin-Susceptible string of pearls formation -Phage susceptible
Methylene blue stain showsthin capsule Medusa-Head Colonies
Poly-D-Glutamic Acid Pro-tein Capsule Anthrax Toxin: ProtectiveAntigen, Edema Factor, LethalFactor.
Cattle Vaccine: At-tenuated strainHuman Vaccine: at-risk people get mul-tiple shots of toxoidalone.
Bacillus Cereus Food Poisoning: Re-fried beans and rice Opportunistic noso-comial bacteremia
GRAM(+) ROD Penicillin-Resistant chains of rods -Phage resistant
Emetic Toxin (early vomiting) Diarrheal Toxin (late diarrhea,heat resistant)
-Lactamase Cephalosporinase
BacillusSubtilis
Heroin users at risk cutaneous lesions
GRAM(+) ROD Penicillin-Resistant
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Francisella
Tularensis
TULAREMIA:
Zoonotic, rabbits Ulceroglandular, oculo-glandular, typhoidal,
pneumonic Painful suppuration oflymph nodes
GRAM(-) ROD: Cocco-
bacillus Facultative IntracellularParasite
Cystine Agar Required
notify lab 3 days to culture. Longerthan usual High antibody titer. Cross-rxn with Yersinia
Intracellular parasite of macro-
phages Capsule
Vaccine: Live atten-
uated organism forat risk individuals
Yersinia Pestis PLAGUE: Sylvatic, Bu-bonic, Pneumonic, Septi-cemic
GRAM(-) ROD Facultative IntracellularParasite (due to V & Wantigens)
Special transport medium toprotect handlers.
Fibrinolysin to dissolve theclot. YOPs V & W antigens allow repli-cation inside macrophages.
Streptococcus
Pyogenes(Group A)
Scarlet Fever
Pyoderma (Impetigo,Erysipela) Pharyngitis Bacteremia Non-Suppurative:Rheumatic Fever,Glomerulonephritis
GRAM(+) COCCI in chains
of 8 to 4 BACITRACIN-SENSITIVE
CATALASE (-): Does notbubble H2O2 in water. -HEMOLYSIS: Largerzones.
Todd-Hewitt Broth shows
diffuse turbidity down side oftube Colonies go from Mucoid(capsule) > Smooth(capsule breaks down) > Rough (protein) ASO-Test identifies Strepto-lysin-O
Superantigen Erythrogenic
Toxin A (SEA) causes TSS-Like Syndrome Erythrogenic Toxin causesScarlet Fever. Streptolysin O M-Protein: Immunogenic,
protective antibodies. 85 types. DNAse Type-B: Diagnosticfor non-suppurative sequelae
Penicillin-G is treat-
ment of choice.
StreptococcusAgalactiae
(Group B)
Leading cause ofNeona-tal Meningitis (up to 3months)
GRAM(+) DIPLOCOCCI BACITRACIN-RESISTANT
-HEMOLYSIS: Smallzones CATALASE (-)
CAMP Test: Mix withStaph and it augments the zoneof -Hemolysis
5 serotypes. Type III associ-ated with meningitis.
Type-III capsular antigen isassociated with meningitis.
StreptococcusEqui(GroupC)
Major pathogen of horses Cellulitis from skin
breaks
GRAM(+) COCCI CATALASE (-)
ASO-Test identifies Strepto-lysin-O Agglutination with Group-Cantigens
Streptolysin O Streptokinase: Antigenicallydistinct from Strep A.
Streptococcus
Bovis(Group D)
Respiratory Peritoneal infections
GRAM(+) COCCI CATALASE (-) -HEMOLYTIC: Green,
Penicillin
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
partial hemolysis Penicillin-Sensitive
EnterococcusFaecalis
(Strep Group
D)
Complication of chole-cystitis. Gi obstruction >
bacteremia, endocarditis.
GRAM-VARIABLE COCCI CATALASE (-) Penicillin-Resistant
Grows in the presence of bile. Blood agar with bile and6.5% NaCl Variable hemolysis in culture
Lipoteichoic Acid: Lots oflipid leads to gram-variable ap-
pearance.
Penicillin-BindingProteins: StrongPenicillin-resistance
StreptococciGroup G
Cellulitis Synovitis Bacteremia, Endo-carditis
GRAM(+) COCCI CATALASE (-)
ASO-Test identifies Strepto-lysin-O
Streptolysin O Streptokinase DNAse
Viridians
Streptococci
Periodontal Disease
opportunistic pathogen Bacteremia will lead toendocarditis
GRAM(+) COCCI CATALASE (-) -HEMOLYTIC OPTOCHIN-RESISTANT
Optochin Disk Test: Grows inthe presence of optochin.
Penicillin resistant
Streptococcus
Pneumoniae(Pneumo-
coccus)
PNEUMONIA Rusty Sputum Sudden onset, with res-olution by crisis Pericarditis, Empyema,Pleurisy Bacteremia Otitis Media in infants
GRAM(+) DIPLOCOCCI,Lancet-Shaped OPTOCHIN-SENSITIVE
Very large capsule = colonieswith halo. Autolysis = middle of colonysunken in. Serology: CIE
Thick Capsule. 85 types;some are bacteremic. Amidase causes autolysis Pneumolysin-O released uponautolysis: cytotoxin and anti-PMN Forssman Antigen: Inhibitsamidase and autolysis.
Pneumo-Vac Vac-
cine: Only the mostvirulent (bacteremic)
blood groups. Givento old, Diabetic, HIV,splenectomy, COPD. Penicillin is stilleffective
HaemophilusInfluenzae INFANTILE MENIN-GITIS #1 cause inkids 6-24 months Epiglottitis Cellulitis Bacteremia Otitis Media and Pneu-monia in non-typablestrains
GRAM (-) ROD, Short Pleo-morphic. Types a-f: Type-B is mostvirulent. There are also non-typable strains
Chocolate Agar Absolute Growth Require-ments: Hemin Precursor and
NAD Fildes Agar: enzymaticallylysed RBCs. Satellite Growth aroundStaph Aureus Quellung Reaction againsttype-B
LOS Coat: High molecularweight is more serum-resistant. Capsule: Polyribitol phos-phate. Antibodies are protec-tive; infants susceptible oncematernal antibodies are gone. IgA Protease
-Lactamase Peni-cillin Resistance DPT Vaccine con-taining Hib-conjugate Diph-theria toxoid plus
poly-ribitol phos-phate. Vaccine given at 2,4, and 6 months.
WHOOPING COUGH: GRAM (-) ROD, Collect with nasopharyngeal Filamentous Hemagglutinin DPT Vaccine at 2,
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Bordetella
PertussisBugs infect cilia of upperairway Bugs should be col-lected during CatarrhalStage of infection Lymphocytosis foundduring Paroxysmal Stage
Pleomorphic.OBLIGATE AEROBE
swab that contains no cotton.Specimen inoculated at bed-side Bordeau-Gangeau Platerequired for culture mustnotify lab Toluidine-blue on gram-stain Direct-FA can be done onculture only.
(FHA): Sticks to cilia Capsule Pertactin Pertussis Toxin: Blocks Gi toyield increased cAMP. Causeshistamine sensitization,lymphocytosis, and hypo-glycemia.
4, and 6 months. Initial shots aremethiolate-killedwhole organisms Boosters at 15months and 6 years:Pertussin toxoid +FHA
Corynebacteri
um Diph-theriae
DIPHTHERIA : Bull neck Pseudomembranous
Necrosis of throat
Systemic Toxemia: goesto heart, nerves, kidney
GRAM (+) RODS, Slender
Ernst-Babes Bodies foundon methylene blue stain
Blood-Tellurite Agar spe-cific for Diphtheria and Staph Coagulated Serum Agar
used to test for presence of
toxin, which will show creamycolonies Precipitin Test: Test for
presence of toxin. Comparebefore and after administrationof antitoxin.
Tox-gene is phage-mediatedand regulated by genome. Onlyactivated by absence of iron. Diphtheria Toxin binds to
EL-2 to stop protein synthesis.Deadly once inside the cell. Cornymycolic Acid
DPT Vaccine
Formalin-inacti-vated toxoid, withalum added
Shick Test used todetermine whichvaccine to give. Hypersensitive folksget the ammoniumvaccine.
KlebsiellaPneumoniae
Alcoholic, Malnour-ished PNEUMONIA.Focal lung abscesses Bacteremia Wound infections UTI
GRAM(-) RODLACTOSE (+)
Selective Medium Thick Capsule = extremelymucinous Enterotoxin Endotoxin
-Lactamase
LegionellaPneumophila LEGIONNAIRES DIS-EASE non-communicable Dry, non-productivecough Pulmonary fibrinousexudate. Multifocal le-sions Toxemia Pontiac Fever is milderform
GRAM(-) ROD Facultative IntracellularParasite of PMNs 14 Serotypes. Group 1 ismost common Catalase (+)
Dieterle Silver Stain. Doesnot stain otherwise. Direct-FA for Group 1 CYSTEINE absolutely re-quired for culture notifylab! Culture takes 3-5 days.
Facultative Intracellular Para-site Catalase Metalloprotease
-Lactamase
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Mycobacteriu
m Tuberculosis
TUBERCULOSIS
Very small numberneeded to infect Hilar lymphadenopathy Granulomas in lung Miliary Tuberculosis Reactivation Tuber-culosis
ACID-FAST ROD
Obligate IntracellularParasite Strict Aerobe Produces Niacin
N-Acetylcysteine will free
bugs from macrophages Culture takes 3 to 8 weeks! Lowenstein-JensenMedium: inhibit normal flora,
plus penicillin Liquid Bactec is fastermethod Luciferase Gene used forsusceptibility testing
Catalase, Peroxidase
Cord Factor = virulence Wax-D is an adjuvant Siderophore: Exochelin +Mycobactin Tuberculin: antigenic Arabinogalactan: hypersens-itivity
Multi-Drug Re-
sistance (MDR) is aproblem PPD Skin Test: >10 mm is positive; GI-Tract> Bacteremia Prevalent with HIV
Obligate Intracellular Para-site Group 3 MAC: Non-
chromogenic
Can be used to distinguish withTuberculosis. It cross reacts,
but look for the test that has abigger diameter.
Mycobacterium Fortuitum
ATYPICAL MACCutaneous abscess
ACID-FAST ROD Obligate Intracellular Para-site Group 4 MAC: Rapid
Grower
Mycobacterium Ulcerans
ATYPICAL MAC ACID-FAST ROD Obligate Intracellular Para-site MAC: Non-Runyon slowgrower
Mycobacterium Leprae
LEPROSY Tuberculoid Leprosy Lepromatous Leprosy(Anergic)
ACID-FAST ROD Obligate Intracellular Para-site
Has never been grown inculture
Can be harvested in arma-dillos or mouse footpads. Skin-test available (antigenderived from armadillos) toindicate prognosis
Phenolic glycolipid is keyantigen CD8-Suppressor cells in-volved in Lepromatous re-sponse.
YersiniaEnterocolitica
(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
Watery Diarrhea Mesenteric Adenitis (5-15 yrs old)
Terminal Ileitis (15-20yrs old) Diarrhea HLA-B27 arthritis
GRAM(-) ROD Enrichment broth usedbefore collecting, due to lownumber of collecting organ-
isms. Cold Incubation Tempera-ture: 28C
Invasin Gene YOP-1, including Mannose-resistant hemagglutinin
Yad-A adherence protein Arithrotigenic Factor: for HLAB27 arthritis Enterotoxin simulates cGMP
CampylobacterJejuni
(Enterobact-eriaceae)
Invasive Gastro-enteritis
Crypt abscesses hemor-rhagic necrosis.
GRAM(-) ROD, WavyMICROAEROPHILIC
MOTILE NON-LACTOSE
FERMENTING
High IncubationTemperature: 42C mustnotify lab Campy Agar
Antigenic Diversity Enterotoxin: Heat-labile, stim-ulates cAMP. Cytotoxin
Campylobacter
Fetus
Bacteremia, going tomeninges, lungs, and
GRAM(-) ROD, WavyMICROAEROPHILIC
Campy Agar
Low Incubation Facultative Intracellular Para-site of vascular endothelial cells.
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
(Enterobact-
eriaceae)joints Suppurative (early) andRheumatoid (late) arthritis No GI Manifestations
MOTILE NON-LACTOSEFERMENTING
Temperature: 25C mustnotify lab
Antigenic Diversity Protein Capsule
Helicobacter
Pylori(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
PEPTIC ULCER
DISEASE Type-B(inflammatory) Gastritis
GRAM(-) ROD, WavyMICROAEROPHILICMOTILE NON-LACTOSEFERMENTING
CATALASE (+) UREASE (+)
Normal Incubation Temper-ature: 28C Campy Agar
Urea Breath Test: Breatheout radiolabeled C.
Flagellum Mucinase Catalase Oxidase Urease
Three antibiotics plusBisthmus as astomach coating.
Clostridium
Difficile
Pseudomembranous Co-
litis Endogenous infection:antibiotics Exogenous infection:nosocomial
GRAM(+) RODOBLIGATE ANAEROBE
Toxin Assay done on fecalfiltrate. Not all specimenscontain toxin.
Exotoxin-A: Damages intest-inal mucosa Exotoxin-B: AB-toxin disruptscytoskeleton.
High relapse rate totreatment
EscherichiaColi
(Enterobact-eriaceae)
EPEC: Travelers Di-arrhea
ETEC: Watery Diarrhea EIEC: Dysentery EHEC: Hemolytic Ure-mic Syndrome (HUS) Neonatal Meningitis(less than 3 months) #2 cause
GRAM(-) ROD LACTOSE-FERMENT-
ING MOTILE MANNOSE-SENSITIVEHEMAGGLUTININ (F1)
F2-F10: Pili antigens areMannose-Resistant
B Flagellar subtype reported
with meningitis
Selective Medium: InhibitsGram (+) strains and containslactose
Labile Toxin (LT): Kicks outthe water (cAMP). In smallintestine. Stable Toxin (ST): Preventsthe water from coming back in(cGMP). In small intestine. Verotoxin: (EIEC) Shiga-Like toxin is cytotoxic andworks in the colon.
Invasin Hemolysin is an EHEC strand.
Shigella(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
DYSENTERY ulcer-ative colitis.Communicable and verylow infective dose.
GRAM(-) ROD NON-MOTILE
NON-LACTOSEFERMENTING
Special transport mediumrequired. Shigella is killed bythe organic acid byproducts ofnormal flora.
Hemolysin Actin-polymerization mechan-ism to get into other cells. Shiga Toxin (S. Dysenteriaeonly): Removes adenine fromthe 28s rRNA and irreversiblyinactivates protein synthesis at60s ribosomal subunit.
Must treat with anti-biotics
Salmonella Enterocolitis: Non- GRAM(- ) ROD Selective Medium including Flagellum (H antigen)
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8/2/2019 Bugs Table1
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Enterocolitica
(Enterobact-eriaceae)
bloody diarrhea Large infective dose No bacteremia
MOTILE
NON-LACTOSEFERMENTING
MANNOSE-SENSITIVEHEMAGGLUTININ
High antigenic diversity. Biphasic expression of theflagellar antigen.
bile and lactose.Bugs like bile.
Polysaccharide (O Antigen) Capsule (K Antigen) Pili: Mannose-sensitivehemagglutinins LPS Endotoxin Enterotoxin similar toE. Coli Cytotoxin in colon
Salmonella
Typhi(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
TYPHOID FEVER
Constipation Then bacteremia, sus-tained fever Rose-spot rashes Diarrhea Carrier state for up to ayear after resolution Organisms go fromsmall intestine > RES
> liver > bile ducts> back to small intes-tine.
GRAM(-) ROD MOTILE NON-LACTOSE
FERMENTING Facultative IntracellularParasite of monocytes
Selective medium containinglactose and bile.
Vi Capsular Antigen : Anti-phagocytic, serum-resistant.Enhances survival inside mono-cytes. Endotoxin Flagellar Antigen: Biphasicexpression Outer Membrane Proteins:enhances resistance to chlorin-ating agents inside monocytes.
May need cholecyst-ectomy.TAB Vaccine: Fortravelers, short-term
passive protectionagainst Vi antigen.
Vibrio
Cholerae(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
CHOLERA: Profusenon-invasive rice-waterdiarrhea dehydration
GRAM(-) ROD, comma-shaped with long flagellum MOTILE
NON-LACTOSEFERMENTING
OXIDASE (+)
HALOPHILIC Does not grow in 8%NaCl
Transport medium containspH > 8 to supress other flora. Darkfield stain only. Serology test for O1 Serotypeto test forTox-gene Then test forCholera El Tor
by hemolysis. It is a lessvirulent strain.
Polar flagellum Mucinase Cholera Toxin: AB-toxin,
binds to Gs-subunit, blocking iton, leading to high cAMP.
Live attenuatedvaccine providesshort-term protection. Oral rehydrationtherapy.
Vibrio Para-
haemolyticus(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
Raw shellfish high infective dose Self-limiting diarrhea Wound-infections
GRAM(-) ROD HALOPHILIC
Grows in 8% NaCl
Salty (3% NaCl) selectivemedium
in-vivo hemolysin Not usually treated
Escherichia
Coli(Enterobact-
eriaceae)
UTIs: #1 cause GRAM(-) ROD LACTOSE-FERMENT-ING
MOTILE
Mid-stream clean catch P-Antigen: Correlates withlikelihood of Pyelonephritis (Piliantigen 2-10). K-Antigen (Capsule): Associ-
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
MANNOSE-SENSITIVE
HEMAGGLUTININ (F1)
MANNOSE-RESISTANTP-ANTIGEN
ated with adherence to transi-tional epithelium.
Proteus
Vulgaris(Proteaceae)
10-15% of HospitalAcquired UTIs Wound infections
GRAM(-) ROD UREASE (+) Metabolizes Tryptophan
to Indole
Swarming Growth in culture,forming rings of growth
Urease: alkaline urine can leadto calculi and kidney stones Lots of peritrichous flagella Pili: Adhesin in renal pelvis
Ampicillin-Resis-
tant. Await sensi-tivity test results
ProteusMirabilis
(Proteaceae)
Same asP. Vulgaris GRAM(-) ROD UREASE (+)
Does not MetabolizeTryptophan to Indole
Same asP. Vulgaris Same asP. Vulgaris Ampicillin-Sensitive
Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa(Pseudomon-
aceae)
UTIs 3rd most com-mon cause Burn infection Opportunistic pneumo-nia, especially in CF pa-tients. Micro-abscessesseen in lungs. Otitis Externa Eye infection
GRAM(-) ROD STRICT AEROBE NON- FERMENTING of
all sugars OXIDASE (+)
Juicy-Fruit Smell Pyocins (against same spe-cies) used in hospital for typ-ing strains.
Blood Agar: -Hemolyticblue-green colonies. Direct microscopy not helpful
Pyocyanin: against StaphAureus Pyoverdin : Ciliastatic, acquireiron Flagella: Adhere to urinarytract Pili: Adhere to respiratory tract Exotoxin-A: Binds to EL-2,stop protein synthesis. Exotoxin-S -Hemolysin Alginate: In CF patients Elastase Alkaline Protease
Highly drug resistant big problem.
NeisseriaGonorrhea
(Gonococcus)
GONORRHEA
Bacteremia leading toseptic arthritis #1cause in young adults Neonatal conjunctivitis
GRAM (-) DIPLOCOCCI,Kidney-shaped CATALASE (+) OXIDASE (+) GLUCOSE-FERMENT-ING
NON-MALTOSEFERMENTING
Facultative IntracellularParasite
Stain is only useful on ure-thral exudate not swab. Thayer-Martin Medium:Contains Vancomycin,Colistin, Nystatin, iron.
PI: Complexes with PIII toform Porin PII: Adhesin, autoagglut-ination PIII: Complexes with PI toform Porin LOS IgA Protease, two types. Catalase, SuperoxideDismutase, Peroxidase
By law, prophylac-tic treatment for neo-natal conjunctivitis. Penicillin-Resis-tant, due to both -Lactamase and al-tered PBPs.
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8/2/2019 Bugs Table1
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Leptospira
Interrogans
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Liver, kidneys, CNS
Tropic for endothelialcells in the CSF Carried in animals urine
SPIROCHETE -Hemolytic
Dark Microscopy: Two axialfilaments per pole with hook at
end.
Cell Wall Lipids = 25% ofdry weight of cell. LPS-like
symptoms Hemolysin Surface antigens
Dog Vaccine
BorreliaRecurrentis
RELAPSING FEVER Spread by head lice.
SPIROCHETEMICROAEROPHILIC
Dark Field Microscopy: 15-20axial filaments per pole. Can be visible under lightmicroscope
Antigenic Shift
Borrelia
Burgdorferi
LYME DISEASE
Spread by Dear Tick Erythema ChronicumMigrans Later: Neurological,cardiac, rheumatoid.Strong immunologicsequelae
SPIROCHETEMICROAEROPHILIC
Dark Field: 7-11 flagella ateach pole, but no axial fila-ments. Kellys Medium: Enrichedagar with fatty acids.
Outer Membrane Proteins:Polyclonal activation of B-Cells, responsible for sequelae.
Bugs probably killedby Ab + Complement(few PMNs). Rx = Penicillin
BacteroidesFragilis
(Enterobact-eriaceae)
PID Peritonitis Sustained Bacteremia
STRICT AERO-TOLERANT ANAEROBE
CATALASE (+)
Anaerobic Transport Mediumrequired Direct FA Gas-liquid chromatography
Capsule LPS, not as bad as E. COLI
Surgically drain ab-scesses
ClostridiumPerfringens
GAS GANGRENE:Type-A Necrotizing Enteritis:Type-C Food-Poisoning: Type-A
GRAM (+) ROD, Spore-FormingSTRICT AERO-TOLERANT ANAEROBE
Stain: Rods with square endsand a capsule. Egg-Yolk Agar: Lecithin is
present to test for lecithinase. Double-Zone of hemolysis.
Very fast replicating Alpha Toxin: Lecithinase,responsible for zone ofincomplete hemolysis Beta Toxin: Cytotoxin,responsible for necrotizingenteritis. Theta Toxin: Oxygen labilehemolysin, responsible forsmaller zone of hemolysis. Enterotoxin: Only releasedupon hemolysis.
Antibiotics.Hyperbaric oxygentreatment.
ClostridiumTetani
TETANUS: SpasticParalysis and respiratoryfailure
GRAM (+) ROD, Spore-formingSTRICT ANAEROBE
Diagnosis is clinical not byculture
Tetanospasmin: Blocks re-lease of GABA and Glycine at
Alum-precipitatedToxoid given at 2, 4,6, 18 months
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Somatic Antigen O has onlyone serotype, so virus is easy.
Swarming Growth in culture. post -synaptic terminal Boosters every 10years are ammonium-
ppt Give both vaccineand antitoxin fortreatment.
Clostridium
Botulinum
BOTULISM: Food, in-fantile, and wound botu-lism.
GRAM (+) ROD, Spore-formingSTRICT ANAEROBE
Blood Agar. Heat to boiling toinduce sporulation.
Botulin Toxin: Most potenttoxin known to man. Acetyl-choline blocker. Heat-labile.
Alum-ppt toxoidavailable for labworkers. Gastric lavage andantitoxin administeredas Rx
Coxiella(Rickett-
siaceae)
Q FEVER: No rash,insect-vector
STRICT INTRA-CELLULAR PARASITE ofendothelial cells.
Tetracycline
Ehrlichia(Rickett-
siaceae)
Arthropod-vectored, in-fects WBCs
STRICT INTRA-CELLULAR PARASITE ofendothelial cells.
Tetracycline
RickettsiaRickettsiae
(Rickett-siaceae)
ROCKY MOUNTAINSPOTTED FEVER:Prominent Rash + Endo-toxin symptoms.
STRICT INTRA-CELLULAR PARASITE ofendothelial cells.
Egg or Tissue Culture Direct-FA on endothelialcells
LPS Phospholipase: Helps bugs getinto endothelial cells. Actin-polymerization for cell-to-cell infection.
Tetracycline.
ChlamydiaTrachomatis
(Chlamyd-iaceae)
CHLAMYDIA
LymphogranulomaVenereum
Leading cause of prev-entable blindness in theworld.
OBLIGATE INTRA-CELLULAR PARASITE
Stains brown with Iodine No Peptidoglycan Layer
A-C: KeratoconjunctivitisD-K: ChlamydiaL1-L3: LymphogranulomaVenereum
Iodinetest for inclusionbodies containing glycogen stains brown Take scrapings and look forinclusion bodies in epithelia.
ATPase ATP-ADP Translocase
Cylindrical Projections toget nutrients. LPS: Just antigenic, not endo-toxic.
Tetracycline By law Prophylaxisfor infantile
blindness.
ChlamydiaPneumonia
(Chlamyd-iaceae)
Walking Pneumonia: in-fects columnar epitheliumof upper airway
OBLIGATE INTRA-CELLULAR PARASITE
No Peptidoglycan Layer
Tetracycline
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Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx
Chlamydia
Psittaci
(Chlamyd-iaceae)
PSITTACOSIS : Dryhacking cough, severe
CNS symptoms (head-ache).
OBLIGATE INTRA-
CELLULAR PARASITE
No Peptidoglycan Layer Does not stain brown withIodine
Iodine Test is negative. Indirect FA
Tetracycline
MycoplasmaPneumonia
(Mycoplasm-aceae)
WALKING PNEUMO-NIA: Monocyticresponse. Ciliastatic inupper airway like Whoop-ing Cough. Bullous Myringitis inadults
OBLIGATE INTRACEL-LULAR PARASITE
Needs Cholesterol, nu-cleotides for growth
Biphasic Enriched Broth/A-gar
Cholesterol required forGrowth Cold-Agglutination Anti-body Test: Agglutinates withType-O blood-group antigen inthe cold. Complement Fixation test
P1 Protein: Adhesin for GI,UG, respiratory epithelia. Glid-ing motility.
Tetracycline
UreaplasmaUrealytica
(Mycoplasm-aceae)
Urethritis, maybe asymp-tomatic.
OBLIGATE INTRACEL-LULAR PARASITE
UREASE (+) Needs Cholesterol, nu-
cleotides for growth
Add a pH indicator to mediumto test for Urease degradation.
Urease Tetracycline
13