BUFFER LANDS WOODLAND · WPG MPTemplate V3.1 issued 11.06.22 | Grants & Regulations | 1 WPG Management Plan BUFFER LANDS WOODLAND Date (from/to) May 2012 to April 2032 Date of last

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WPG MPTemplate V3.1 issued 11.06.22 | Grants & Regulations | 1

WPG Management Plan

BUFFER LANDS WOODLAND Date (from/to) May 2012 to April 2032

Date of last review [UKWAS 2.1.3]

Owner/tenant City of London, The Warren, Loughton, Essex IG10 4RW

Agent/contact Rod Pass, The Old Yard, Great Bradley Hall, Great Bradley, Newmarket,

Suffolk CB8 9LT

Signed declaration of tenure rights

and agreements to public availability of

the plan [UKWAS 1.1.3/1.1.5/2.1.2]

n/a

1 Background information

1.1 Location Nearest town, village or feature Upshire, Epping, Waltham Abbey, Harlow, Theydon Bois and

Loughton

Grid reference TL416007 (Oxleys Wood, central location)

Total area (ha) 177.46ha

1.2 Description of the woodland(s) in the landscape The Buffer Lands comprises 735.60ha of which 177.46ha is woodland. It is located primarily on

the rural valley land to the northern fringes of Epping Forest, adjacent to the M25 between the

urban settlements of Waltham Abbey and Epping (see Appendix 1: Buffer and Forest Land Map

plus the Boundary Map). The woodland is well dispersed across the landscape, typically linked by

hedges and watercourses. The most of the woodland, along with 163.09ha of arable land plus

other farmland and substantial parkland, is distributed over the three historic Estates of Copped

Hall and Warlies to the north of the M25 and Woodredon split by the M25. Two woods outside

these Estates and north of the M25 include Galleyhill Wood to the northwest of Aimes Green and

Swaines Green to the north of Epping. There are three woods situated to the south of the M25

and east of Epping Forest: Great Gregories and Gaunt’s Wood & Red Oak Wood to the north and

west of Theydon Bois respectively and North Farm to the south west of Loughton.

Woodland Management Plan

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In total there are 75 woods with Galleyhill Wood at 37.37ha being by far the largest. A further

four woods are over 10ha (Redoak & Gaunt’s Wood (14.73ha), Great Gregories (14.23ha),

Cobbin’s Brook Plantations (13.07ha) and Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (10.87ha)). Nineteen are

between 1ha and 10ha with the remaining 51 woods being of less than 1ha which includes 26

very small in-field copses of 0.1ha or less. Overall the average woodland size is 2.36ha.

The majority of the woods are native broadleaf and most frequently coppice with standards (e.g.

Galleyhill Wood (37.37ha) and Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (10.87ha) with oak and ash commonly

forming the standard species and hornbeam and hazel the coppice species. The nsecond most

common woodland is mature oak high forest (e.g. Finches Plantation (3.87ha). Predominately

conifer woods are small and limited to Stable Shaw (2.86ha) and Ridge Wood (2.54ha). Wet

woodland is infrequent with Rookery Wood at over 8ha being the largest and largely planted with

poplar. However, an important riparian zone following Cobbin’s Brook passes through several

adjacent Buffer woods including Fernhall Wood and Brookmeadow Wood. Large farm woodland

plantings are located at Breach Barns (20.80ha spilt over two areas) and Great Gregories

(14.23ha). There are many small copses from pre1900s to 2000, most of which can be found in

Warlies Park. The compartment schedule describing the woodland, compartment map,

constraints maps, woodland type maps along with Google Earth images are located in Appendix

2.

The Buffer Lands including the woodland is often visible from public roads. There are several

links to Epping Forest including Woodredon Farm Lane, Warren Plantation and Bell Common

Tunnel, an underpass on Woodgreen Road and the Selvage deer tunnel. Much of the Buffer Lands

has permissive access as well as being generally well served by Public Rights of Ways (PROW).

1.3 History of Management The Buffer Lands woods reflect the changes and fashions in woodland management on English

Estates over many centuries. The Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland (ASNW) still retain vestiges of

their naturally occurring tree species, oak, ash, hazel, elm and field maple with substantial areas

of hornbeam particularly in Galleyhill Wood. There are a number of woods, particularly

surrounding the parklands of Copped Hall and Woodredon Park that were planted during the 18th,

19th and 20th centuries for both landscape and game. These woods contain some impressive

stands of oak and remnants of earlier conifer plantings, typified by a number of stands of large

Corsican pine. The parkland areas are punctuated by small woodland plantings, typically of oak,

covering the same time periods as well as more recent, late 20th Century plantings.

Of all the woodland areas, the Copped Hall Estate has had the most management since WW2 but,

even so, relatively little since the 1960s. As a result, across the Buffer Woodland the majority of

late 19th Century established woods tend to be overstocked stands and the ASNW to have a

predominance of overmature coppice. Poplar and conifer plantings were typically established in

the 1950/60s but not maintained subsequently. Following the 1987 and 1990 storms, parts of

Redoak Wood & Gaunt’s Wood were restocked and new in-field plantings established in the


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parkland, especially at Warlies Estate. Since The City of London Corporation bought much of the

Buffer Land in 1992 several large native farm woodland plantings have been established and the

majority of these have developed well. Otherwise, woodland management has been minimal,

although some deer management has been undertaken.

2 Woodland Information

2.1 Areas and features Designated Areas Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Special areas for conservation (SACs)

Special Protection Areas (SPAs)

Ramsar Sites (see note on Guidance)

National Nature Reserves (NNRs)

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs)

Other designations (e.g. National Park (NP) /

World Heritage Site)

Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs)

Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) Constraints √ √

TPO / Conservation Area (CA) Constraints √ √

Details:

Local Wildlife Sites: 14 covering 18 Acre Wood, Cobbin’s Brook, Conybury Wood, Finches

Plantation, Galleyhill Wood, Green Lane & Brambly Shaw, Griffin’s Wood, Little Rookery, Oxleys

Wood Complex, Redoak Wood & Gaunt’s Wood, Rookery Wood, Spratts Hedgerow Wood, Warlies

Park and Swaines Green (see Appendix 3 for further details).

Tree Preservation Order: 7 covering 18 Acre Wood, Cobbin’s Brook, Conybury Wood, Galleyhill

Wood, Green Lane & Brambly Shaw, Oxleys Wood Complex, Redoak Wood & Gaunt’s Wood,

Rookery Wood, Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood and Warlies Park (see Appendix 4 for further details).

Conservation Area: 2 for Upshire and Copped Hall (see Appendix 5 for further details).

Brookmeadow Wood is designated as a Site of Importance for nature conservation by Essex

Wildlife Trust.

Note – Designated areas are noted as appropriate in the Compartment Schedule. LIS and MAGIC

searches were undertaken.

Rare and important species Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Red Data Book or BAP species Constraints √ √


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Rare, threatened, EPS or SAP species Constraints √ √

Details:

Habitats are present that should support rare and important species, e.g. BAP species such as

Turtle Dove, Great Crested Newts (GCNs) and bats species.

GCNs have been found at Fernhall Wood, Cobbin’s Pond, West Hill and the small pond area to the

west of the drive at Copped Hall.

Badgers are present in Spratt’s Wood, Rookery Wood, Finches Plantation, Conybury Wood and

Redoak Wood and Gaunt’s Wood.

Helleborines and Wood Vetch are present in Brambly Shaw, Alder Buckthorn in Cobbin’s Pond and

Butchers Broom in Conybury Wood.

The Land Use and Ecological Survey undertaken by The City of London on the Buffer Land is

located at Appendix 6. Limited information is present on the Constraints maps.

Habitats Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Ancient semi-natural woodland (ASNW) Constraints √

Other semi-natural woodland Constraints √

Plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) Constraints √

Semi-natural features in PAWS √

Woodland margins and hedges Constraints √ √

Veteran and other notable trees Constraints √ √

Breeding sites Constraints √ √

Habitats of notable species √ √

Unimproved grasslands √

Rides and open ground √ √

Valuable wildlife communities √ √

Feeding area √ √

Lowland heath

Peatlands

Others

Details:

ASNW: 6 including Galleyhill Wood, Griffin’s Wood, Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (part), Oxley Wood,

Redoak Wood & Gaunt’s Wood (part) are formally designated. In addition, Brambly Shaw and

Conybury Wood are listed as being part ASNW in their Local Wildlife Site citations.

PAWS: The southern-eastern side of Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood is designated as PAWS.

Other semi-natural woodland (e.g. bluebells, dog’s mercury, large old tree stumps present): 9

including, in parts, Brookmeadow Wood, Fernhall Wood, Cobbin’s Pond, Oxleys Wood Remnant,

18 Acre, Rookery Wood, Little Rookery Wood, Ridge Wood and Stableshaw Wood.


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Woods with particularly good nesting habitats are indicated on the constraints map.

The flora and regeneration of the woodland in general is typically poor to very poor due to

browsing pressure over sustained periods, particularly by deer. However remnants of interesting

and varied flora and associated fauna are present.

Water Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Watercourses Constraints √ √

Lakes

Ponds Constraints √ √

Wetland habitats Constraints √ √

Details:

Water features are frequent across the Buffer Land including the woodland and are shown on the

constraints map. Three woods, Fernhall Wood, Rookery Wood and Stableshaw Wood are in part

wet woodland. The riparian zone of Cobbins Brook is also notable.

Landscape Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Landscape designated areas Constraints √ √

Landscape features

Rock exposures

Historic landscapes √ √

Areas of the woodland prominent from roads √

Areas of the woodland prominent from

settlements

√

Details:

There are two Conservation Areas (CA): Upshire CA which includes Warlies Park, Brookmeadow

Wood and Fernhall Wood plus Copped Hall CA which includes Copped Hall Estate woodland. The

maps for the CAs are located at Appendix 5.

Warlies Park, Copped Hall and the Woodredon Estates are notable historic landscapes as is the

Deer Sanctuary on the northern margin of Redoak Wood & Gaunt’s Wood.

The majority of the woodland is prominent from roads and/or settlements with Galleyhill Wood,

Copped Hall and Warlies Park being particularly remarkable.

Cultural features Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Public rights of way Constraints √ √

Prominent viewing points √ √

Existing permissive footpaths Constraints √


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Proposed permissive footpaths

Areas managed with traditional management

systems

√

Details:

Public Rights of Way are as shown on the constraints map.

Prominent viewing points are located at Galleyhill Wood, Warlies Park (eastern side), Spratt’s

Hedgerow Wood, Shooting Lodge Copse, Copped Hall Park, Brambly Shaw, Oxleys Wood and

North Farm.

Significant permissive areas across the Buffer Land are as shown on the constraints map as is the

one permissive footpath at the Copped Hall Estate.

The traditional management system of Coppice with Standards can be found in the following

woodland: Galleyhill Wood, Brookmeadow Wood, Fernhall Wood, Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood,

Rookery Wood, Little Rookery Wood, 18 Acre, Griffin’s Wood, Brambly Shaw & Green Lane. It is

assumed that Osiers was once a traditional osier bed.

Archaeological Features Map No. In Woodland Adjacent to

woodland

Scheduled monument

Historical feature (Inc. designed landscapes,

registered parks and gardens)

√ √

Other √ √

Details:

The Temple in the eastern half of Warlies Park is an unscheduled monument.

Copped Hall & Park is a Grade 2 Registered Park & Garden (English Heritage Register of Parks

and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England Grade II* Reference GD1344 - see Appendix

7). As mentioned earlier, Warlies Park, Copped Hall and the Woodredon Estates are notable

historic landscapes.

There are several heritage features in the Buffer Woodland including the osiers beds in Osiers,

the narrow and sinuous shooting flight pond in Rookery Wood, the remnant pottery site in Potkiln

Wood and the historic PROW - Green Lane.

There are unscheduled earthworks in all of the ASNW, PAWS and most of the other semi-natural

woodland. In Brookmeadow Wood, there a leat running NE to SW across the whole woodland

historically connecting Cobbins Brook to Cobbins Pond.


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2.2 Woodland resource characteristics

Details of the species composition and stand age are provided within the compartment schedule

along with the compartment maps. The Buffer Woodland is complex with often more than one

woodland type occurring within a wood. In total the Buffer Woodland is characterised by 11

woodland types which are shown on the woodland type map. The Buffer Woodland composition

by woodland type (Ha and %) is summarised below:

Key Woodland Type Ha %

1 New plantation (<15 years) 8.02 4.52

2 Young plantation (<25 years) 41.24 23.24

3 Scrub / open woodland 6.67 3.76

4 Secondary woodland 5.40 3.04

5 Mature in field copse / group 1.77 1.00

6 Coppice with Standards 50.27 28.33

7 High forest (broadleaf) 38.07 21.54

8 High forest (mixed) 8.54 4.81

9 High forest (conifer) 1.72 0.97

10 Wet woodland 7.05 3.97

11 Uneven aged woodland 8.71 4.91

Total 177.46 100.00

This is useful as it clearly shows the high predominance of Coppice with Standards (28.33%) and

mature, broadleaf high forest woodland (21.86%) which are priority woodland types from an

ecological and economic stand point. It also highlights the young plantations (<25% years)

which will require work within the first five years of the programme to ensure their on-going

development. Also of note is the small percentages assigned to the other woodland types which

increase their value.

Compartments are assigned to the woodland types below with a brief comment on character and

work required. Table 7.2 lists compartments by work type required to be undertaken within the

first five year period with suggested priority areas mentioned specifically below for key woodland

types. Note that for each wood, ride works such as widening and creation of new rides would be

scheduled as appropriate to coincide with the coppicing and thinning programmes.

1. New Plantations: 8.02ha <15 years of age: Warlies Estate: unnamed Cpts 10, 18 to

23, 25, 31. Raveners Strip (Cpt 36). Copped Hall North: unnamed Cpts 41 & 42.

Trafalgar Wood (Cpt 55), Great Gregories (Cpt 68), North Farm: unnamed Cpts 72 & 74.

Typically, small, broadleaf amenity plantings established at wide spacing either adjacent to field

boundaries or in the case of those in Warlies Park as very small in-field groups to provide

screening and future landscape features. Whilst most are protected either by stock fencing or

treeshelters, frequently protection is in inadequate as browsing is occurring. Maintenance and

formative pruning is required in addition to improved protection.


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2. Young Plantations: 41.24ha <25 years of age: Breach Barns Plantations (Cpt 2),

Cobbins Brook Plantations (Cpt 3), Warlies Estate: unnamed Cpts 11 & 13, Raveners Copse

(Cpt 37), Middle Lincolns (Cpt 59b), Conybury Strip (Cpt 60), Brambly Shaw & Green Lane

(Cpt 65b), Great Gregories (Cpt 67), North Farm (Cpts 71 & 73).

The majority of these broadleaf plantations have been established at 1100stem s/ha with oak and

ash being the principal species. The exception being Cpt 65b which comprises of Asiatic elms at

wider spacing. Most have developed well and will require their 1st thinning within five years

removing up to 30%. The exceptions are Cpts 11 & 13 at Warlies Park which are widely spaced

already and Raveners Strip which will be delayed due to poorer establishment. Formative

pruning of the best trees should be undertaken to improve the quality of the future crops.

Priorities for thinning within five years:

Great Gregories (Cpt 67) and North Farm (Cpts 71 & 73) plus southern part of Breach Barns (Cpt

3) where crowding old hedge line with veteran trees.

3. Scrub & Open Woodland: 6.67ha: Galleyhill Wood (Cpt 1k & o), West Hill (Cpt 7),

Osiers (Cpt 8), Warlies Estate: unnamed Cpts 9, 17, 27, & 32).

Characterised by dense mixed thorns species, birch and willows with occasional mature oak and

ash standards, hazel and elm. Whilst of little productive value, these compartments offer

excellent nesting habitat and high general biodiversity value, especially where open ground

and/or water are present. Most can be left with little or no intervention. However it would be

desirable to restore Osiers because of its historic importance and West Hill.

4. Secondary Woodland: 5.40ha: Galleyhill Wood (Cpt 1c & l), Conybury Wood (Cpt 61b).

Naturally regenerated woodland areas formed in the past century with mainly pioneer species

such as birch, willow and sycamore and with limited ground flora. Typical of sites formerly under

agriculture as at Galleyhill Wood or disturbed ground as at Conybury Wood where mineral

extraction is suspected. Not urgent to undertake work within 5 years - thin to the better

broadleaf trees opening up around natural regeneration of oak, hornbeam and ash, if present, in

due course.

5. Mature in-field Copse/Group: 1.77ha: Warlies Estate: unnamed Cpts 12, 14 to 16, 24,

26, 28 to 30. Copped Hall North: Copse (Cpt 44), Copped Hall South: unnamed Cpts 44, 45,

47 to 49, 52, 53. Woodredon Estate: unnamed Cpt 62. Birch Hall Copse (Cpt 70).

These semi-mature and mature copses and groups tend to be predominately oak and in several

cases only oak, and have particularly high landscape value. The majority are located within

parkland and many are open to grazing animals. Acute Oak Decline is present in several

compartments at Copped Hall – these should be prioritized for carefully consideration and if

considered appropriate, phytosanitary fellings, restocking and/or fencing undertaken.


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6. Coppice with Standards: 50.27ha: Galleyhill Wood (Cpt 1a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, m & n).

Brookmeadow Wood (Cpt4 c & d), Rookery Wood (Cpt 38c & d), Little Rookery Wood (Cpt 39d

& f), 18 Acre (Cpt 43), Griffin’s Wood (Cpt 46), Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (Cpt 57 d & e),

Brambly Shaw & Green Lance (Cpt 65d).

This is the predominate Buffer Lands woodland type. The main coppice species are hornbeam

followed by hazel, ash, sycamore and field maple. Most of the coppice is well stocked and of

good but declining quality as over-mature having not been cut over for 60 to 80 years. Only Cpts

1i and 1n have been coppiced more recently i.e. within 40 years. The main standard species is

oak followed by ash and hornbeam. The majority of the oak are from the mid to late 1800s

forward and usually are of good quality. The objective is to restore these CWS areas to good

vitality and productivity, with a rotation period of 25 to 30 years - i.e. a target of 2ha to coppice

per annum. Efforts should focus initially on the most seriously declining areas which include the

following:

Hornbeam CWS: Galleyhill Wood (1b, 1f & 1h), Griffin’s Wood (Cpt 46).

Ash CWS: Galleyhill Wood (1a), Little Rookery Wood (Cpt39d).

Hazel CWS: Spratt’s Wood (57e), 18 Acre (Cpt43), Little Rookery Wood (Cpt39 f),

Brambly Shaw & Green Lane (Cpt 65d).

In addition, enrichment planting of new oak standards should be considered – other species are

more likely to naturally regenerate.

Rides networks should be opened up and/or extend as part of the coppicing and thinning works in

first five years.

7. High Forest – Broadleaf: 38.07ha: Brookmeadow Wood (Cpt 4a & b), Fernhall Wood

(Cpt 5b), West Hill (Cpt 7b), Potkiln (Cpt 33), Oxleys Wood (Cpt 34), Rookery Wood (Cpt

38a), Little Rookery Wood (Cpt 39a, c & e), Finches Plantation (Cpt 40), Warren Remnant

(Cpt 51), Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (Cpt 57b, f, & g), Conybury Wood (Cpt 61a), Woodredon

Estate South (unnamed Cpt 63), Brambly Shaw & Green Lane (Cpt 65 a & c), Redoak Wood &

Gaunt’s Wood (Cpt 69 a & c), North Farm (unnamed Cpt 75).

This woodland type is the second most frequent and as with the CWS type is associated with

many of the ASNWs. The mainly oak high forest areas are from maidens and frequently former

plantations. These woods are typically of high quality, however, decline, both chronic and acute,

is present at least in part in most of the woods. This justifies a selective thin of the oak on

phytosanitary grounds. The other high forest areas are more mixed in species, quality and in

origin with maidens and reverted coppice both often forming high forest. The stands have closed

canopies and require thinning.


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Priority woods for thinning:

Phytosanitary and/or silvicultural

Oxleys Wood (Cpt 34), Rookery Wood (Cpt 38a), Little Rookery Wood (Cpt 39a, c & e), Finches

Plantation (Cpt 40), Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (Cpt 57b), Conybury Wood (Cpt 61a), Brambly

Shaw & Green Lane (Cpt 65 c).

Silvicultural

Brookmeadow Wood (Cpt 4), Fernhall Wood (Cpt 5b) and Warren Remnant (Cpt 51).

8. High Forest - Mixed: 8.54ha: Cobbin’s Pond (Cpt 6a & c), Rookery Wood (Cpt 38e),

Ridge Wood (Cpt 54), Spratt’s Hedgerow Wood (Cpt 57a), Shooting Lodge Copse (Cpt 58),

Conybury Wood (Cpt 61 c) and Oxleys Wood Remnant (Cpt 64).

The majority of the woods are mature broadleaf with a relatively modest conifer element. The

exceptions are Shooting Lodge Wood and Ridge Wood (Cpt 54b in particular) where over 60% on

the woodland canopy is conifer. The most frequent species is Corsican pine.

Priority woods for thinning to release the broadleaf species, especially oak are:

Ridge Wood (Cpt 54), Shooting Lodge Copse (Cpt 58) and Conybury Wood (Cpt 61 c)

9. High Forest - Conifer: 1.72ha: Stable Shaw (Cpt 66 b and c).

Very small component of the Buffer Woodland. All located at Stable Shaw. It consists of poor

quality pine which should be heavily thinned when the poplar at Stable Shaw is removed.

10. Wet Woodland: 7.05ha: Fernhall Wood (Cpt 5a), Cobbin’s Pond (Cpt 6b), Rookery

Wood (Cpt 38b) and Stable Shaw (Cpt 66 a).

The priority should be the restoration of the native wet woodland at Fernhall Wood and Cobbin’s

Pond. The poplar dominated compartments of Rookery Wood and Stable Shaw should be dealt

with when markets are more favourable for poplar to offset costs. However, to prevent timber

quality being adversely affected by wire, the guard surrounds on the poplar in Rookery Wood

need removing as soon as possible.

Priority woods within five years:

Fernhall Wood (Cpt 5a), Cobbin’s Pond (Cpt 6b): coppicing and thinning.

Rookery Wood (Cpt 38b & e): maintenance – guard removal from poplar and Cricket Bat Willow.


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11. Uneven-aged Woodland

Whilst most of the Buffer Woodland comprises of several age classes, only Redoak Wood &

Gaunt’s Wood have such clearly defined areas of age class, e.g. a matrix of late 1980s/early

1990s restocked plantings within a mature woodland. The priority is maintenance including

shelter removal and formative pruning of the restocked areas. The removal of deer within this

woodland should also be addressed as a priority.

NOTE

Acute Oak Decline

Trees symptomatic of Acute Oak Decline were seen in 11 Buffer Woods: Cpts 4, 5, 7, 32, 34, 38,

40, 49, 57, 65 and 69. It is likely to become more widespread and to be found in some of the

semi to mature oaks across the Buffer Woodland – on-going monitoring is recommended.

2.3 Site description Access

Access to the woodland is shown on the Buffer & Forest Land Map in Appendix 1 and the

constraints map. Overall the areas are well served by public roads and close to the M25 and

M11. However, local access and internal access to the woods is a major constraint which will

require addressing. External access is typically along small public roads and lanes/streets which

are narrow and difficult. Access to Buffer Woods such as Galleyhill Wood, and most of the woods

at Breach Barns, Raveners, Copped Hall Estate and Woodredon Estate requires access through

adjacent property, farmland and/or tenanted land. Swaines Green and North Farm have difficult

access through housing estates.

Internal access is frequently off headlands (under ELS/HLS agreements) or across open farmland

with paved access being very limited and restricted to only a few of the woods on the Copped

Hall Estate. Hard standings, designated stacking areas and turning Ts are absent, as are well

maintained rides. Woodland ride networks do exist at Galleyhill Wood and for most of the

Copped Hall Estate woods but are only present in Fernhall Wood at Warlies Park. Elsewhere in

the mature woodland, the ride network has been lost (e.g. at Redoak Wood & Gaunt’s Wood).

They are present, however, within the developing large plantations at Great Gregories and Breach

Barns and, informally, at Swaines Green.

A substantial proportion of the Buffer Land (Breach Barns (southern extent), Warlies Park Estate,

Copped Hall Estate (southern extent), Swaines Green, Great Gregories, Birch Hall Fields and part

of Woodredon Estate (Green Lane and land west of Potkiln Wood) has permissive access in

addition to PROWs. The maps showing the extent of permissive access are located at Appendix

8.


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Elevation

The elevation of the Buffer Woodland ranges from the lowest lying ground of 30 to 50m at North

Farm up to the higher ground of 50 to 105m at Galleyhill Wood. The elevation range of other

woods falls between these and typically varies across a site by 20 to 30m in elevation as is to be

expected on gently undulating ground. The woods are located variously between valley bottoms

and higher ground. Mechanised operations over the Buffer Woodland are generally unconstrained

due to terrain.

Soil and climatic conditions

The Buffer Woodland is situated on Lower Eocene strata with soil type being London Clay.

Soilscapes (National Soil Resources Institute) describes the Buffer Land soils as being slowly

permeable seasonally wet, slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils. Habitats are listed

as seasonally wet pastures and woodland and land cover as grassland and arable with some

woodland. Drainage is impeded and fertility is considered to be moderate. The exception is for

Swaines Green which is on the border of what is previously described and chalky boulder clay

which is lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with slightly impeded drainage and higher fertility.

The Forestry Commission’s GB Forestry Decision Support System provides the following data for

the Buffer Woodland:

Yield class (indication of productivity): 6 for oak, 8 for ash, silver birch, cherry and sycamore, 10

for aspen and alder but only 6 for poplar (reflecting poplar requirement for more fertile ground),

12 for Scots pine and 14 for Corsican pine.

ATS (Accumulated temperature): 1783.7 (measure of site warmth, day degrees above 5C)

CT (Continentally): 10.0 (reflects seasonal variation)

DAMS (Detailed Aspect Methods of Scoring): 8.8 on the DAMS score (indicates exposure on a

scale of 3 to 36- windiest, below 12 considered sheltered)

MD (Moisture Deficit): 204.3 (indication of the dryness of the growing season)

SMR (Soil Moisture Regime): Very moist

SNR (Soil Nutrient Regime): Medium

Average summer rainfall: 302.8mm, Average winter rainfall 308.8mm.

This data is within the normal range for southern Britain. The main factor constraining the

woodland’s productivity is fertility but this minor.

2.4 Significant hazards, constraints and threats Access, both vehicle and public, will be important constraints to woodland operations as will the

predominately clayey soils of the Buffer Land. Harvesting operations will need to be planned to

ensure disruption to adjoining landowners/properties and public is minimized with significant

communication required to inform the different parties of the operations. With the clayey soil

type, the timing of operations will be critical to avoid rutting and compaction of rides during

harvesting operations. Hard access to and internal ride access within the woodland is limited and


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will require improvement to enable operations to be undertaken cost effectively and with minimal

impacts. Care will be needed to ensure significant earthworks and water features/courses are not

damaged or associated fauna, e.g. Great Created Newts, unduly disturbed.

The major threat to the regeneration of the woods is deer (Fallow and Muntjac). However, rabbits

and grey squirrels also all pose a threat to the productivity and biodiversity of the woodland. A

Deer Management Plan has been produced and action is being taken to increase the control of the

deer.

Acute Oak Decline (AOD) and the Agrilus beetle are currently present in a small proportion of the

semi to mature oak in the Buffer Woods. The extent of spread and severity should be monitored

to inform selective oak thinning operations. Acute Oak Decline is a threat to all mature oaks on

the Buffer Land and a policy of felling and removing dead and dying oaks should be adopted.

Other approaches may be identified as appropriate in the future.

Severe decline is present in the ash in 18 Acre (probably resulting from past flooding events as

well as Bacterial Canker) and the lower part of Finches Plantation which limits productivity.

3 Long term vision, management objectives and strategy

3.1 Long term vision “To sustainably managed the Buffer Woodland as part of the wider Buffer Land so to safeguard

the rural environment of the forest and thereby it’s natural aspect or feel and to provide the

Forest wildlife support and complementary wildlife habitats, thus facilitating the protection of the

Forest’s flora and fauna”.

The long-term policy to achieve this vision is to:

Retain and bring the woodland back into productive management through a programme of

coppicing, thinning and restructuring, where applicable, in order to maximise yield and

sustainabilty.

Protect and improve the bio-diversity of all the Buffer Woodland, giving particular

attention to achieving this in both the ASNW and PAWS.

Develop uneven aged multi-storey stands leading to increased biodiversity and sustained

yields

Open up the existing woodland ride system and glades and, where necessary, create new

rides and glades. Work towards producing a structurally more diverse ride edge both to

improve access and biodiversity

Produce high quality fuel wood and timber

Maintain and improve the woodland value and landscape characteristics

Provide public access and enjoyment


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3.2 Management Objectives

No. Objective

1 To develop and improve the bio-diversity value of the woodland with particular

attention to Galleyhill Wood, Spratt’s Wood, Griffin’s Wood and Redoak Wood &

Gaunt’s Wood.

2 To manage the woodland to provide sustainable firewood via traditional coppice with

standard systems.

3 To produce high quality timber by implementing an appropriate thinning regime.

4 To open up the ride system and develop glades therefore increasing the light levels

reaching the woodland floor.

5 To monitor presence & impact of Acute Oak Decline, adjusting thinning regimes to

minimize losses.

6 To manage standing crops at minimal net cost.

7 To maintain the landscape value of the woodlands, particularly in relation to their

prominent position in the local landscape.

8 To preserve archaeological features such as earthworks, the woodland banks and

any other features which may be identified at a later date.

9 To protect veteran trees and ensure the future presence of over-mature specimens.

10 To ensure that high levels of dead wood are retained during all woodland

management operations.

11 To control and manage grey squirrels, rabbits, hares and deer (A Deer Management

Plan has been produced).

12 To provide safe and enjoyable public access.

3.3 Strategy The strategy is to establish an informed management regime which will ensure the continuous

management of the Buffer Land woodland in order to;

Retain the Buffer Woodland as important landscape features.

Increase light reaching the woodland floor in order to improve bio-diversity and

regeneration.

Improve the diversity and age structure to benefit their ecological and amenity values and

landscape character.

Improve the stocking and timber quality throughout all the woodland.

Improve access to and within woodland as appropriate to facilitate management and other

operations.

Produce material for sale, through regular thinning and coppicing, wherever appropriate.


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For the majority of the Buffer Woodland thinning will be undertaken on a 5-7 year cycle.

Coppicing will be undertaken on a 25-30 year rotation. Recently cut areas will be

protected by either temporary or permanent fencing until fully established.

Wherever possible native broadleaves will be favoured.

Thinning will be carried out using a combination of mechanical harvesting and motor

manual felling.

AOD. Remove majority of dead and dying oaks while still of timber value.

3.4 Woodfuel Initiative Would you be interested in receiving information on funding opportunities for the purchase of harvesting

machinery or wood fuel boilers, or for grants that support timber production from your woodlands?

Yes (delete as appropriate)

4 Management prescriptions/operations

4.1 Silvicultural systems

4.1.1 Harvesting

All harvesting proposals shall take account of :

The effect of land designations (ASNW & PAWS), archaeological features, special habitats

and species, water, access, and other issues. This will be achieved by identifying and

avoiding impact upon sensitive biological and archaeological features.

Features of the internal and external landscape in need of conservation or improvement.

Consideration of non-intervention on specific sites.

Retaining veteran trees unless this creates an unreasonable safety risk.

Create new pollards where appropriate.

AOD

Harvesting will be carried out using a combination of mechanical processing and motor manual

operations. All timber will be removed from the confines of the wood by forwarder and stacked

on agreed sites ready for lorry haulage to the appropriate markets.

4.1.2 Phased felling and restructuring of plantations

The proposed works will improve the structure of the woodlands by reinstating coppice rotations

and silvicultural thinning. In cases where significant areas of oak are affected by AOD, selective

thinning may be undertaken to potentially safeguard other trees on the Buffer Land and to initiate

restructuring.


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Natural regeneration will be encouraged in order to retain the character of the ASNW woodland.

Thus the species mix will largely remain as it, dominated by the site’s native trees.

Thinning will be on 5 - 7 year rotation.

Coppicing will be on 25 - 30 year rotation.

Poplar plantations will be removed when market conditions allow and native wet woodland

recreated.

High Forest areas will be managed under a Continuous Cover Forestry system.

A small percentage of conifers will be left standing as part of the long-term retention policy and

as a source of cover and roosting for birds of prey and other species.

4.1.3 Establishment, restocking and regeneration

The aim is to restock with natural regeneration and every effort will be made to control deer and

rabbits, which at their present levels will have an adverse effect upon this objective. The success

of oak regeneration will be monitored and if it was felt necessary then the Buffer Woods’ own

genetic stock or material of good local provenance will be planted.

Should restocking be required, a mixture of suitable species in percentage terms would be:

Major tree species: 55-60%

Minor tree species: 25-30%

Woody shrubs: 10%

Open ground: 10%

4.2 New planting

No new plantings are proposed at present.

4.3 Other operations

Formative pruning of selected hardwoods will be encouraged.

Established plantations will be maintained to improve the quality of the tree crop. Plastic ware


______________________________________________________________________


will be removed.

Two and three zone ride management will be implemented as appropriate.

Woodland hedges may be coppiced and/or laid to encourage regeneration and aid development of

diverse and sheltering woodland margins.

4.4 Protection and maintenance

4.4.1 Pest and disease management

Deer occur in significant numbers in the locality and a Deer Management Plan has been produced

to inform the process of managing the population. Efforts will be made to work with adjoining

land owners to control deer. Squirrels and rabbits are also having an impact upon regeneration

and tree quality. One of the objectives of the Management Plan will be to establish an effective

control for all these animals.

Acute Oak Decline poses a significant threat to all mature oaks on the Buffer Land. A policy of

felling and removing dead and dying oaks will be adopted. This approach will be modified in the

light of future recommendations by Forest Research.

4.4.2 Fire plan

As the Buffer Land woods are predominately broadleaf, a fire risk is perceived as being a low.

However, contractors and forestry operatives working on the woodland will be given site

information and contact details to use in the event of a fire. In the event of a fire being reported,

the Fire Brigade must be contacted immediately. Rendezvous points will be agreed with City of

London. Permanent water sources are marked on the Constraints Map. The local Fire Brigade

should be consulted regarding access and water availability.

4.4.3 Waste disposal and pollution

This policy is retained at the City of London offices. The disposal of waste will be carried out so

as to minimize any negative impact on the environment. All contractors are required to carry

appropriate spill kits.

4.4.4 Protection from unauthorised activities

City Of London staff ensure that unauthorised activities such as fly tipping, unauthorised access,

etc. are kept to a minimum. Where fly tipping occurs, the waste is removed to a landfill site by a

registered waste carrier.


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4.4.5 Protection of other identified services and values

The constraints map clearly shows the utility services and Public Rights of Way across the Buffer

Land. Should operations require it, the appropriate service provider will be contacted and

consulted prior to operations being initiated. Warning notices of works will be erected as

necessary in advance of and maintained for the duration of works.

4.5 Game management Game is a not major consideration in the Buffer Woodland.

4.6 Protecting and enhancing landscape, biodiversity and

special features

4.6.1 Management of designated areas

ASNW, PAWS, CWS and CA areas will be managed in accordance with Good Practice Guidelines.

The City of London’s policy on bats is located at Appendix 9.

4.6.2 Measures to enhance biodiversity and other special features [UKWAS

2.1.1/6.1.1]

The measures outlined below are designed to improve the bio-diversity of the Buffer Woodland.

Deer browsing has had a very considerable effect upon the woods and this has resulted in the

substantial reduction of both the understory and the ground flora. It is of great important that

deer management is effectively undertaken in accord with the Deer Management Plan. In

addition, the following management operations will enhance the bio-diversity of the woodland

areas;

Establish a coppice management rotation throughout the appropriate woods.

Protect regeneration from browsing damage.

Establish a thinning policy for all high forest areas.

Let more light into the rides by cutting back ride side vegetation.

Annual mowing of rides.

The annual management of ride side scallops.

The creation of ride side glades and clearings.

Take appropriate action to maintain existing veteran trees, boundary pollards and ancient

coppices stools (hornbeam in particular).

Select suitable trees for long term retention as veterans.

Avoid woodland operations during the bird nesting season when possible.

Retention of dead wood as per Good Practice guidelines.

Avoid damage to wood banks and other historic features.

Avoid damage to wet areas through limited trafficking. Coppice a proportion of scrub to diversity age structure and encourage regeneration.


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Clear encroaching vegetation from significant ponds and watercourses. Poplar will be removed from wet woodland sites as markets allow and native wet

woodland encouraged to regenerate.

4.6.3 Special measures for ancient semi-natural woodland (ASNW) and semi-natural

woodland (SNW)

Beside the measures as described in 4.6.2, the following measures will be taken:-

Every effort will be made through appropriate management to maintain the present

tree communities.

All appropriate management will be carried out to retain and enhance the flora and

fauna in all the Buffer Woodland with particular attention being given to achieving this

objective in ASNW and other semi natural woodland.

4.6.4 Special measures for plantation on ancient woodland site (PAWS)

A policy priority is to reduce the conifer element within the PAWS woodland by a series of

thinning operations and to encourage and protect broadleaf regeneration.

4.6.5 Measures to mitigate impacts on landscape and neighbouring land [UKWAS

3.1.2]

Thinning and coppicing operations will be designed in such a way as to minimise the impact upon

the local landscape and neighbouring land.

4.7 Management of social and cultural values

4.7.1 Archaeology and sites of cultural interest

The County Archaeologists has been consulted about the archaeological features and any

recommendations received will be incorporated into the Constraints and Operations maps.

Work within the Conservation Areas of Upshire and Copped Hall & Park will be agreed and

undertaken with the appropriate parties for each site.

4.7.2 Public access and impacts on local people

The Buffer Land is well served by public footpaths and bridleways as well as having large

permissive access areas which includes the woodland. Every effort will be made to minimise the

impact of woodland operations upon the local community.


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5 Consultation

Organisation/individual Date received Comment Response/action

Epping Forest District

Council

Will be consulted

as statutory

consultees by FC

Natural England

Essex Wildlife Trust

Essex County Council

Archaeology Department

6 Monitoring plan summary

Objective number,

issue or UKWAS

Requirement

Indicator Method of

assessment

Monitoring

period

Responsibility How will

information be

used?

Landscape Feature Prominence in

the Landscape

Fixed point

photography

and Google

Earth

Every five

years

Owner/Agent Feedback into

thinning and

coppicing

planning

Structural Diversity Natural

regeneration

and coppice

stools

regrowth.

Fixed point

photography

and walkover

survey

Annually for

first five years

and then

every five

years

Owner/Agent Feedback into

thinning and

coppice

planning.

Habitat

Improvement

Flora and

fauna

increase.

Fixed point

photography

and walkover

survey

Annually Owner/Agent Feedback into

thinning and

coppice

planning


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Damage through

pests and disease

Deer, Squirrel

and Rabbit

damage

extent

AOD and

Agrilus

Survey

damage

noting areas

most effected.

Record

number culled

Annually in

spring/

Summer.

Recently

coppiced areas

will be

monitored at

regular

intervals

throughout

the year until

regrowth is

above deer

browsing

height.

Owner/Agent/Stal

ker

Feedback into

planning for

control levels

7 Work programmes

7.1 Outline long-term work programme (2012 - 2032) (Use this table to outline medium to long term areas of work)

Cpt. Ref or

Name

Activity Year (tick)

6-10 11-20

To be completed once the short term programme is agreed


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7.2 Short-term work programme (2012 - 2017) DRAFT – will be shown on

operation maps in Appendix 2 once agreed.

(Use this table to collect basic inventory data for the woodland areas you propose to work during the next 5 years)

Cpt/ sub-cpt Area

(ha) Species P/yr Yield

Class Activity Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Yr4 Yr5

1a 0.98 AH/HBM/FM/POK/HAZ 1900/1930 8 Coppice √ 1b 2.52 HBM/AH/POK/FM/HAZ/WS/HAW pre1900/1940 6 Coppice √ 1f 3.67 HBM/BI/SY/POK/SC/CH pre1900/1950 8 Coppice √ 1h 2.48 HBM/POK/BI/SY/AH pre1900/1930 6 Coppice √ 4c 0.26 HBM/HAZ/POK/SY/WIL/WPO/HAW/SC pre1900/1950/1990 6 Coppice √ 4d 2.64 POK/SY/HBM/HAZ/AH/SC/HAW/BT/WPO/C

P/HOL/HC pre1900/1940 8 Coppice (50% of area)

√ 6b 0.72 WIL/AL/HAW/POK/HAZ/ASP pre1900/1980 8 Coppice √ 7a 0.63 BT/HAW/POK/SY/AH/PO/ASP/CP/FM pre1900/1970 6 Coppice (25% of area) √ 8 0.65 HAW/BT/WIL/POK/AH 1960 8 Coppice √ 9 0.05 HAW/BT/WIL/POK 1960 4 Coppice √ 14 0.08 EM/SY/HAW/POK 1940/1990 6 Coppice √

39d 0.82 HBM/POK/AH/EM/HAZ/PO/BI/BT/FM 1940/1980 8 Coppice √ 39f 0.46 HAZ/AH/POK/BT 1940 6 Coppice √ 40a 0.63 POK/BT/AH/WIL/PO/FM/HBM/EM pre1900/1960 8 Coppice √ 43a 1.50 AH/HAZ/POK/HBM/HBM/FM/CP/BT/HAW 1930/1970 6 Coppice √ 43b 2.41 HBM/AH/POK/HAZ/CP/WIL/BT 1930 6 Coppice √ 46 1.13 SY/HBM/POK/AH/EM/HAZ/SP/NS/HOL/BT/H

AW pre1900/1930/1990 6 Coppice

√ 57c 0.34 SY/BT/HAW/AL/WPO/POK/HAZ 1970 6 Coppice √ 57d 1.51 POK/HBM/SY/AH/HAZ/ PO/FM pre1900/1980 8 Coppice √ 57e 3.40 POK/ASH/HAZ/SY/HBM pre1900 6 Coppice √ 59a 2.74 BT/HAW/POK/SY/AH/FM/EM/WIL pre1900/1970 4 Coppice (50% of area) √ 59b 3.21 POK/AH/BT/HAW/FM/BI/HAZ/HB/HOL pre1900/1970 6 Coppice (50% of area) √ 65d 0.48 HAZ/HBM/POK/BI/AH/FM/EM/BT/HAW/HOL pre1900/1950 6 Coppice √


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3b 2.15 POK/AH/HBM/ASP/AL/WIL/WSH/PO 1960/1994 6 Thinning √ 3b 3.06 POK/AH/HBM/ASP/AL/WIL/WSH/PO 1940/1994 6 Thinning √ 4a 0.47 SY/SC/WIL/POK/HAZ pre1900/1950/1990 8 Thinning √ 4d 2.64 POK/SY/HBM/HAZ/AH/SC/HAW/BT/WPO/C

P/HOL/HC pre1900/1940 8 Thinning (50% of area)

√ 5b 3.72 POK/AH/HBM/HAZ/BT/CP/SP 1935/1955 6 Thinning √ 7a 0.63 BT/HAW/POK/SY/AH/PO/ASP/CP/FM pre1900/1970 6 Thinning (75% of area) √ 7b 0.50 POK/BT/HAW/FM/SY pre1900 6 Thinning √ 28 0.06 CP/HBM/SC/POK/HAW 1940 6 Thinning √ 32 0.21 POK/AH/HAW/HOL/HC pre1900/1950 6 Thinning √ 34 4.92 POK/HBM/HAW/ SY/AH/EM/BT/CP/SP/HOL pre1900/1930/1990 6 Thinning √

39a 0.40 BT/POK/AH/EM/WCH/PO pre1900/1980 6 Thinning √ 39b 0.42 POK/SY/EM/PO/SP/NS pre1900/1930/1980 6 Thinning √ 39c 1.19 POK/SY/NS/AH/HAW 1950 7 Thinning √ 39e 0.59 AH/POK/CP/HAZ/BT pre1900/1950 6 Thinning √ 40b 0.73 POK/EM/BE/BI/SY/HBM/AH/SP/NS pre1900/1960/1990 6 Thinning √ 40c 1.77 POK/EM/SY/AH/HBM/HOL/HC pre1900/1920/1990 6 Thinning √ 40d 0.74 POK/AH/SY/EM/HAW/BT pre1900/1920/1990 6 Thinning √ 51 0.68 POK/SY/SP/HBM/CH/WCH/BI/HOL/WIL/WR

C/EM pre1900/1940/1960 8 Thinning

√ 54a 0.94 SY/BE/PO/CP/SP/AH/POK/EM/WCH/ROB pre1900/1970 8 Thinning √ 54b 1.60 CP/POK/LC/WCH 1970 10 Thinning √ 57a 1.90 POK/HB/SY/PO/CP/AH/HAZ pre1900/1980 8 Thinning √ 57b 0.93 POK/AH/SY/HAZ/HBM/CP/FM/HAW/BT pre1900/1980 8 Thinning √ 57f 2.06 AH/SY/HBM/POK/FM/CH/CP pre1900 6 Thinning √ 57g 0.73 SY/AH/HBM/POK/FM/EL/CP/SP/BT/HAW pre1900/1970 6 Thinning √ 58 0.37 CP/POK/CH/NS/BE/ASP/SP/LC/WRC 1970 8 Thinning √ 61 4.44 POK/SY/BE/HBM/SC/AH/SP/FM pre1900/1930/1980 8 Thinning √ 61 1.94 SY/HBM/AL/FM/BI/POK/WIL/AH/SP/CP 1950/1970 6 Thinning √ 61 1.14 POK/CP/PO/BI/HBM/SY/FM/HAW 1930/1970 8 Thinning √

65a 1.33 POK/HBM/HAW/BT/AH/HAZ/HOL pre1900/1960 6 Thinning √ 65c 0.62 POK/HBM/HAW/EM pre1920/1970 6 Thinning √ 66a 1.14 PO/SY/POK/SP/SC/AH/WIL/HAZ/HAW pre1900/1940/1960 14 Thinning √ 66b 0.55 SP/BE/HAZ/SY/NS/SC pre1900/1940/1960 8 Thinning √


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66c 1.17 SP/POK/SY/BI/HAZ/AH pre1900/1940/1960 8 Thinning √ 67a 2.07 POK/AH/HBM/WIL/WSH 1990 8 Thinning √ 67b 6.74 POK/AH/HBM/ASP/CAR/WIL/WSH 1990 8 Thinning √ 67c 5.42 POK/AH/HBM/ASP/CAR/WIL/WSH 1992 6 Thinning √ 69b 5.53 HBM/POK/BI/BE/FM/WCH/WS/HOL pre1900/1980 6 Thinning √ 69c 1.81 POK/AH/HBM/WCH/HAW/HOL pre1900/2000 6 Thinning √ 69d 3.18 HBM/AH/POK/FM/BI/WCH/HAW/HOL pre1900/1980 6 Thinning √ 71 3.29 AH/POK/HBM/PO/WIL/HAW/BT/FM pre1900/1990 8 Thinning √ 75 0.50 POK/AH/PO/HBM/HAW/BT pre1900/1960 4 Selective felling of poor poplar

adjacent to PROW

√

2,3,10,11,13,18-23,25,31,36,37,41-42,55,59,60,65b,67, 68,71-74. 49.26 POK/AH/HBM/SY 1990 onwards 6

Maintenance of young plantations including protection, weed control, formative pruning √ √ √ √ √

38b,38e,66a. 6.42 PO/WIL 1960/1970 10

Removal of wire guard material from poplar and Cricket bat willow. √

1-5,33,34,38-, 40,43,46,54,55,57-59,61,65-67,69,75. n/a n/a n/a n/a

Ride and open space management √ √ √ √ √

1, 5-7, 12,14-17, 24, 26-30, 32-34,38-40, 43-54, 57-59, 61,63, 64,66,69. 128.20 Semi mature and mature oak Pre 1900 to 1970s 6

Selective thin to remove oak affected by AOD – estimated to be less than 10% of oak population overall √ √ √ √ √

All 177.46 All species listed above Pre1900 onwards 4-10 Pest and disease monitoring and control √ √ √ √ √


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8 Costing Operations

Outline projected costs and income over plan period. Please read guidance note for

further information.

It is anticipated that the proposed woodland operations will show a small annual cost to

the Estate initially. As management and operations become more routine and move to

more productive areas, it is expected that a modest annual return to the Estate will be

made.

9 Maps

It is recommended that you show as much information on subject based maps as

possible. For example, a map showing site constraints or a concept map showing the

main proposals.

List all maps here and append to plan:

Map no./Title Description

Appendix 1 Buffer and Forest Land Map and Boundary Maps

Appendix 2 Compartment Maps, Constraints Maps, Woodland Type Maps and Operation Maps

Appendix 5 Conservation Area Maps

Appendix 7 Copped Hall Registered Parks & Gardens Maps

Appendix 8 Permissive Access Maps

Documents

BUFFER LANDS WOODLAND · WPG MPTemplate V3.1 issued 11.06.22 | Grants & Regulations | 1 WPG Management Plan BUFFER LANDS WOODLAND Date (from/to) May 2012 to April 2032 Date of last