BTLEW Lesson 15 - Touched by the Moon Part Four ENTER

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Lesson 15 - Touched by the Moon

Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. awe

2. bottomless

3. caretaker

4. chink

5. concerning

6. constant

7. flank

8. gigantic

9. gleam

10. harsh

11. hiss

12. rest-house

13. supernatural

14. swollen

15. tumble

16. underneath

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. awe

n. a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might v. to inspire with awe

Cf.

awe-struck (= awe-stricken)

awe-inspiring an awe-inspiring sight

令人望而生畏的情景

Savages often live in awe of nature.

They were awed into silence at the sight of Qomolangma.

We stood in awesome silence before the ancient ruins. (a. inspiring awe)

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. bottomless

a.Examples:

a bottomless gorge (too deep to be

measured)

one of the bottomless mysteries of life

(difficult or impossible to understand)

bottomless reserves of energy (having no

limitations or bounds; limitless)

a deep metaphysical theory

深奥的形而上学理论

Cf.

bottommost

a. lowest

the bottommost

depths of the sea

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. caretaker

n. a person whose job is to look after a building such as a school; a person who looks after the rest-house

Cf.

carefree

a. without responsibilities, or worries;

cheerful (逍遥自在的 )careworn

a. showing signs of much worry （忧心忡忡的）

Example:

an old and careworn face

Extension

To be continued on the next page.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

fire fighter

football player

trouble maker

mountain climber

weight lifter

carmaker

cotton-grower

house-keeper

beer-drinker

truck-driver

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n. narrow opening; crack; slitExamples:

Sunlight entered the room through a chink in

the curtains.

He peeped through a chink in the fence.

a chink in sb.’s armour (idiom): weak point or

flaw in sb.’s argument, character, etc.

4. chink

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study5. concerning

prep. about (sb./sth.)

Examples:

a letter concerning your complaint

I spoke to him concerning his behavior.Cf. concerned

a. interested and involved; anxious; troubled

Send a memorandum to those concerned.

She looked up with a concerned air.

So (As) far as I am concerned, this arrangement

is satisfactory. ( 就 ······ 来说，就 ······而论 )

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6. constant

Examples:

He was tired of his wife’s constant

complaints.

The birthrate in some countries is constant.

The guiding dog was the blind man’s

constant companion.

Synonyms

a. continual

persistent

stable

invariable

faithful

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study7. flank

v. (usu. passive) to place (sb./sth.) on each side of or at the side of sb./sth.

Examples:

The prisoner was flanked by two detectives.

(There was a detective on each side of the

prisoner.)

The garden is flanked to the north with

large maple trees.

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a. of very great size or extent

Examples:a gigantic person, with a gigantic proportionsa gigantic effort, improvement, success, etc.a problem of gigantic proportions

Synonyms:

enormous, monumental, huge, tremendous

immense, vast, mammoth, colossal

8. gigantic

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. gleam v./ n.

The moonlight gleamed on the river.

月光在河面上闪烁。 Amusement gleamed in his eyes.

他眼睛流露出愉快的神情。 A faint light glimmered at the end of the corridor.

走廊的尽头闪着一星微光。 The metal glowed in the furnace.

金属在熔炉里发出灼热的光。 A hot sun glared down on the desert.

火热的太阳强烈地照射在沙漠上。

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. harsh

a. (light) unpleasant and too bright; unpleasantly rough or sharp, esp. to the sensesExamples:

a harsh texture, voice, light, taste,

climate, punishment, words, etc.

be harsh to the ear/eye/touch

粗糙的；刺耳的；刺眼的；涩口的；寒冷的；严厉的；无情的；

Translation

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11. hiss

v. to make a sound like that of a long “s”

Examples:

Snakes hiss when angry.

The stream escaped with a loud hissing noise.

A fire hisses if water is thrown on it.

The goose hissed at me angrily.

The audience hissed its displeasure.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. rest-house

n. a house for the use of travelers, esp. in areas where there are no hotels

rest-cure

n. long period of rest, usually in bed, as medical treatment for stress, anxiety, etc. ( 休养疗法 )

rest-home n. place where old or convalescent people are

cared for ( 养老院 , 疗养院 )rest-room

n. public lavatory in e.g. a theatre, store ( 洗手间 )

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study13. supernatural

a. that cannot be explained by natural or physical laws; of the world of spirits, magic, etc.super 超级 + natural 自然的Examples:

supernatural beings: angels and devilsWitches are believed to have supernatural powers.

Translation:

超级大国

超级明星

超市

超人

高速公路

superpower

superstar

supermarket

superman

superhighway

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study14. swollen

a. (a past participle of swell) of an increased size, bigger than usual; (fig.) overblown; exaggerated

Examples:Her eyes were red and swollen with weeping.The river was swollen with melted snow.He’s very swollen-headed about his success. ( 自高自大 )a swollen opinion of oneself

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study15. tumble

v. to fall or roll end over end; spill or roll out in confusion; pitch headlong; collapse; come upon accidentally

The kittens tumbled over each other. Schoolchildren tumbled out of the bus. The old man tumbled on a patch of ice. The walls came tumbling down. We tumbled on a first-rate restaurant.

Examples:

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study16. underneath

prep. beneath; below

Examples:

She found a lot of dust underneath the

carpet.

What does a Scotsman wear underneath

his kilt?

Caving means exploring the passages

underneath the hills.

Cf. under, below


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Under and below are similar in meaning.Under is the most common word; beneath is a bit old-fashioned.

16. underneath

Cf.on the desk, over the desk, above the desk, under the desk, below the desk, underneath(beneath) the desk

The end of Word Study.

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List:

1. be typical of

2. drive out

3. drum into

4. due to

5. fall on

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions

6. mean sth. to sb.

7. measure out

8. reflect on

9. point to

10. the sight of

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to have the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thingExamples:

It is typical of the weather in Beijing. The

winter is long and the spring is very short.

My father never throws away anything. That is

quite typical of his generation.

This is a building typical of the Baroque Period.

（典型的巴洛克时期的建筑）

1. be typical of


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1. drive out

2. drive away

3. drive to

4. drive off

5. drive in

6. drive at

7. drive out of

1. 风吹打着我的脸。

2. 我不明白您的意思。

3. 他们驱车去超级市场。

4. 风把云刮走了。

5. 他试图打消失败的念头。

6. 饥饿迫使她们出卖自己的肉体。

7. 中国人民八年抗战赶走了日本侵略者。

8. 我只好用扇子驱赶苍蝇。

2. drive out

Translate the following sentences into English by

using the phrases properly.


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1. The wind drove in/into my face.

2. I don't understand what you're driving at.

3. They drove to (prep.) the supermarket.

4. The wind drove the clouds away.

5. He tried to drive out any thought of failure.

6. Hunger was driving them to (to do) sell their bodies.

7. It took the Chinese people eight years to drive

out the Japanese invader.

8. I had to drive off the flies with a fan.

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to make known to or force upon (a person) by constant repetitionExamples:

Our teacher used to drum our multiplication

tables into us.

drum the answers into my head

3. drum into


Cf. drum out (off); drum up He was drummed out of the army.

They drummed the captain off the ship.

The minister has managed to drum up some support

for the idea.

Translation

反复灌输被开除出军队把船长赶下船竭力争取

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4. due to

1. be due to do sth.: expected or scheduled 2. due to (prep.)= because ofExamples:

The Global Forum is due to last for three days.

The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.

He arrived late due (owing) to the storm. Mistakes due to carelessness may have

serious consequences. Due to the change, a scheduled visit to a

factory has been cancelled.

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5. fall on


fall for

fall back

fall down

fall into

fall off

fall out

fall to

1. The wolf fell on the lamb and devoured it.

2. What day does Christmas fall on?

3. My wife fell for the cottage as soon as she saw it.

4. As the enemy advanced we fell back.

5. The old lady fell down on a patch of ice and broke her leg.

6. He all at once fell into a state of profound melancholy.

7. Sales are falling off for no apparent reason.

8. Everything fell out as we had planned.

9. The author fell to writing again.

Translation


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fall on 在（某一天）；猛攻，向 ······猛扑

fall for 爱上，喜欢；听信，接受

fall back 后退，后撤

fall down 跌倒，垮下来；失败，不解决问题

fall into 开始 ······ 起来；陷入某种状态

fall off 减少；质量下降，水平降低

fall out 解散；发生，结果，发展；争吵，不合

fall to 开始（做某事）

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to be of value or importance to sb.

Examples:

You do not know how much you mean to me. （ how much I like you ）

Your friendship means a great deal to me.

Money means nothing to him.

6. mean sth. to sb.


Other uses


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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressionsOther possible uses:

1) what do you mean by opening all these windows?

to mean + n./pron.

2) The rain means delaying the harvesting time.

to mean + gerund (phrase)

3) I’m sorry for what I said. I didn’t mean to hurt you.

to mean + to-infinitive (phrase)

4) This means that it is impossible to change his mind.

to mean + that-clause

5) The boxes of food and medicine are meant for people in the area hit by the flood.

to be meant + for...

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to give a measured quantity of sth.Example:

He measured out the right quantity of medicine.

Cf.

Does he measure up for the job?

I measured the coat against her and found it

was too long.

He measured off 6 yards of material.

7. measure out


Translation

量出，称出

合格，胜任

比量

量出，裁下

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to think deeply about, or remind oneself of

past events; consider; give evidence of the

qualities of

Examples:

I need time to reflect on your offer/what you offered.

She reflected on his argument about that problem.

The hasty preparation of this report reflects on you.

这份仓促而就的报告使你受到指责。

8. reflect on


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to show sb. sth. by holding up a finger toward it

Cf.

to point sth. at sb.: to aim sth. at sb.

He pointed a gun at me.

to point out: to tell sb. sth. that he/she did

not know or has not thought about

He pointed out my mistakes.

9. point to


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10. the sight of


The end of Phrases and Expressions.

sth. worth seeing; a spectacle

Examples:

the sights of London 伦敦的风光

a sight of: a large number or quantity

A sight of people were there.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

List:

1. Suffix — ous

2. Suffix — ist

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Suffix -ous

This suffix, from French, is

used to form adjectives

meaning “full of, or having”.

e.g. glorious = having glories


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anxiety courage

envygrace humor

mountain mystery danger ridicule

fame poison

religion

anxiouscourageousenviousgracious humorousmountainousmysteriousdangerousridiculous famous poisonousreligious

Suffix -ous

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More examples


This suffix, from French and Latin, is used to form nouns meaning “a person who practices or is concerned with sth.”.

e.g. typist = a person whose job is to type letters and reports, etc. in an office

Suffix –ist


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artist

chemist

economist

industrialist

novelist

pianist

scientist

sociologist

specialist


Translation 艺术家化学家经济学家工业家小说家钢琴家科学家社会学家专家

Suffix –ist


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environmentalist

realist

idealist

internationalist

socialist

receptionist

typist

terrorist

rapist


Translation 环保主义者现实主义者理想主义者国际主义者社会主义者招待员打字员恐怖分子强奸犯

The end of Word Building.

Suffix –ist

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarverb + -ingverb + -ing

verb + -ing word can be used in the following situations:

a. Present participle used as adverbialb. Present participle used as attributec. Gerund used as objectd. Gerund used as object complemente. Adjectives used as attributive ( 名词前定语 )


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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar


(1) (a) Driving to a friend's house on a recent evening, I was awe-struck by the sight of the full moon (b) rising just above Manila rooftops, huge and swollen, yellow through the dust and smoke of the city. (Para. 1)

(2) I stopped to watch it for a few moments, (a) reflecting on what a pity it was that... (Para. 1)

verb + -ingverb + -ing

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(3) He grew up (a) living in a forest in Europe, and the moon meant a lot to him then. (Para. 2)

(4) It had touched many aspects of his life, including those (b) concerning his ordinary daily life. (Para. 2)


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(5) I can remember (a) going out at 10pm and (a) seeing the great Nanda Devil mountain like a ghost on the horizon, (b) gleaming white in the moonlight... (Para. 3)

(6) ... we stayed in village style clay huts at the edge of a wheat field, with a cold river (d) tumbling over rocks a few yards away. (Para. 4)


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(7) ... and we could see the stones in the river, and watch the deer and antelope (a) crossing, almost half a kilometre away. (Para. 4)

(8) I also remember (a) sitting on the beach at San Antonio in Zambales, one night in the Philippines about two years ago, (a) watching the South China Sea hiss against the sand. (Para. 5)


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1. I’m sorry the furniture seems ______ by some insects.

A. to be largely eaten

B. to have been largely eaten

C. being largely eaten

D. having been largely eaten

2. It was impossible to avoid _____ by the stormy weather.

A. being much affected

B. having much affected

C. to be much affected

D. to have been much affected

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3. As I will be away for at east a year, I’d

appreciate _____ from you now and then telling

me how everything is going on.

A. to hear B. hear

C. hearing D. having heard

4. We were compelled to dismount, ______.

A. the hillside was too steep

B. the hillside being too steep

C. the hillside was being too steep

D. for the hillside being too steep


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5. _____ three times, I must keep silent now; it is no

use to say anything more.

A. Advising him B. Having advised him

C. Advised him D. To advise him

6. John has the report _____ as soon as he finished

_____ it.

A. to be typed, to write B. typed, to write

C. being typed, writing D. typed, writing

7. Even if ______ , I won’t go.

A. invited B. being invited

C. having been invited D. being known


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8. A few animals sometimes fool their enemies ______

to be dead.

A. appear B. to appear

C. by appearing D. to be appearing

9. ______ , a man who expresses himself effectively is

sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose

command of language is poor.

A. Other things being equal

B. Were other things equal

C. To be equal to other things

D. Other things to be equal


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The end of Grammar.

10. All things ______, the planned trip will have to be

called off.

A. considered B. be considered

C. considering D. having considered

B A C B B

D A C A A


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BTLEW Lesson 15 - Touched by the Moon Part Four ENTER