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Group Research Powertrain VOLKSWAGEN AG IEA Bioenergy, ExCo54 Ottawa, 6th October 2004 - Volkswagen Volkswagen‘s View View on Future Powertrains and on Future Powertrains and Fuels Fuels - Dr. Hartmut Heinrich BTL BTL- Fuels Fuels for for the the Transportation Transportation Sector Sector ExCo54 Doc 04.06 VOLKSWAGEN AG Group Research Powertrain K-EFAK / Dr. Heinrich / 6th October 2004 Main Topics Change in environment related development topics 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Exhaust emissions CO,NOx,HC,PM Greenhouse gases CO 2 Energy Year

BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

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Page 1: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 1

1

Group ResearchPowertrain

VOLKSWAGEN AG

IEA Bioenergy, ExCo54

Ottawa, 6th October 2004

-- VolkswagenVolkswagen‘‘ss ViewView on Future Powertrains and on Future Powertrains and FuelsFuels --

Dr. Hartmut Heinrich

BTLBTL--FuelsFuels for for thethe TransportationTransportation SectorSector

ExCo54 Doc 04.06

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Main Topics

Change in environment related development topics

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Exhaust emissions CO,NOx,HC,PM

Greenhouse gases CO2

Energy

Year

Page 2: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 2

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Year

[kt/

a]

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

[Mrd

. km

/a]

CO [kt/10]CO2 [kt/100]HC [kt]NOx [kt]Particulate [kt*10]Mileage [Mrd. km]

source: IFEU (TREMOD)

Germany

Trends in Passenger Car Emissions

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Self Commitment of European Car Manufacturers (ACEA)

140

160

180

200

1995 2000 2005 2010

140

160

180

200

1995 2000 2005 2010

CO2-Emissions [g/km]

140

160

180

200

1995 2000 2005 2010

new passenger car fleet

target 140 g/km

gasoline + diesel

diesel-25%

Page 3: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 3

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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World Energy Demand

HydroNuclear

Gas

Oil

CoalTraditional

New Renewables

Coal CH4/H2

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

ExaJoules

Source: Shell International Ltd

exa=1018

1 Exajoule=34,12 Mio t SKE

The Spirit of the Coming Age

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Conclusions

economical use of existing energy resourcesby further improvement of the efficiency of the vehicle

introduction of renewable fuels with CO2 -free or CO2 - neutral pathes into the transpor-tation sector

Page 4: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 4

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Fuels

fuelsfuels

SynFuelsSynFuels alternativealternative

hydrogenhydrogen

alcoholsalcohols

natural gasnatural gas

biodieselbiodiesel

conventionalconventional

dieseldiesel

gasolinegasoline

GTL *GTL *

BTL **/ SunFuelBTL **/ SunFuel

* GTL: Gas to Liquids

** BTL: Biomass to Liquids

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Demands on Future Fuels - 1

No Single Energy Carrier will be Able to Fulfill these Demands

l safe supply

l easy handling and storage

l high energy density

l economically competitive

l consideration of environment and climate protection

hydrogen

ethanol

methanol

gasoline

diesel

natural gas

LPG

DME

biodiesel

- low emissions (CO, HC, NOx, PM)- low CO2- emissions

Page 5: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 5

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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but

not to diversify on the fuels sideethanol methanolgasoline

hydrogendieselnatural gasLPG

DME

biodiesel

no hen and egg - problem

Demands on Future Fuels - 2

l to diversify on the primary energy sidefrom crude oil to natural gas, coal and biomass

economically unacceptable solution

l to blend into existing fuels

methanol, ethanol, biodieselrelating to existing fuel specifications

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Challenges of the Future

Renewable fuels for the transportation sector

renewable liquid fuelsð biomass ð SunFuel (BTL),

l

renewable gaseous fuelsð biomass and/or renewable

electricityð hydrogen

l

Biodiesel, Bioethanol

Page 6: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 6

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Volkswagen Scenario for the Evolution of Fuels

Gasoline/ Dieselbased on crude oil

SynFuelbased on natural gas, (coalwith sequestration)

Hydrogenbased on renewables

SunFuel

based on renewables

Evolution of Fuels

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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synthesisraw gas

generation

O2

C- and H-carrier

gas cleaning

synthesis gas(H2, CO, CO2)

Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis

hydrotreatment

SynFuel• CTL(sequestration)

• GTL• BTL(SunFuel)

coal, natural gas

biomass

Simplified Synthetic Fuel Production Process

Page 7: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 7

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Synthetic Fuels: Categories of Improvement

1. Direct improvement of local air quality by usage of synthetic fuels in existing vehicles based on the outstanding purity of the fuels

2. Reduction of global CO2-emissions if biomass is used as primary energy for synthetic fuels

3. Possibility to develop new combustion systems with widely improved characteristics based on the designability of synthetic fuels

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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NOx particulates·10 HC CO

0,1

0

0,2

0,3

emis

sion

s [g

/km

]

Diesel < 10ppm S

Shell GtL∆NOx= - 6,4% ∆Part. = - 26%

∆HC = - 63% ∆CO = - 91%

Limits EU 4

EU 4

Fleet Test Trial in Berlin 200325 vehicles, 5 months

Page 8: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 8

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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04Launched 4 June 2004 in Hamburg

Shell GTL Retail-Worldwide

GermanyGreece Thailand

Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesellaunched 8 July 2003 in Athens

launched in Bangkok in 2002

l l l

l blend of standard diesel, Shell GTL and an additivel emissions benefits, better engine performance

Source: Shell Global Solutions

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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CO2 cycle with SunFuel

Dies ist der Untertitel

Biomass SunFuel

Synthesis

Page 9: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 9

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Synthetic Fuels Conventional Biofuels

e.g.RME*,

Ethanol

= 1st generation of biofuels

* RME: Rapeseed Methyl Ester = Biodiesel

GTL(Gas to Liquid)

SynFuel

BTL(Biomass to Liquid)

= 2nd generation of advanced biofuels

SunFuel

Process

Group

CTL*(Coal to Liquid)

SynFuel

Classification of Synthetic Fuels

* with sequestration

- SunDiesel -

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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SunFuel-Production by CHOREN‘s Carbo V Process

Procedure scheme:

SunFuel

O2

LTG*

Slag

Coke

Pyrolysis-Gas

Cleaning

Desulfurization(Adsorption)

Synthesis GasFischer-Tropsch-Reactor

HydrocrackerStabilisor

C1 - C4 (5%)

Biomass

Source: CHOREN

Entrained FlowGasifier

* Low Temperature Gasifier

Page 10: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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CarboV Test Facility CHOREN

Capacity: 1 MW thermalInput: wood

StrawGreen plantsShredder-Light-FractionCoal

Products: BioSynGasà el. powerDiesel max. 600ltr/dayKeroseneMethanol

currently: SunDiesel

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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SunFuel-Production from Black Liquor

Procedure scheme:

SunFuel

O2

Slag

WaterCleaning

Desulfurization(Adsorption)

Synthesis GasFischer-Tropsch-Reactor

HydrocrackerStabilisor

C1 - C4 (5%)

Black Liquor

Entrained FlowGasifier

Page 11: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

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VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Liquid Biofuels

litres per year and hectare

1 hectare

Source: FNR (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Germany)

Ethanol

1.653 l gasoline equivalent

SunDiesel

3.101 l diesel equivalent

Biodiesel

1.183 l diesel equivalent

Neat Rape-Oil

1.254 l diesel equivalent

cereals

energy

rapeseed

crops

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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Combustion System Development

Petrol Engine

Diesel Engine

Combined Combustion System

swirl chamber

partial homogenizedapplied ignition

high-pressure

injectiondirectinjection

portinjection

direct injectionwall guided

direct injectionspray guided

direct injection

auto ignited

synthetic fuels

enable new optimized

combustion processes

l

combination of the emission

behavior of the petrol engine

with the excellent efficiency

of the diesel engine

l

Page 12: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

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Renewables2004 – SunDiesel-Demonstration Fleet

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Dr Hermann ScheerMember of the German Bundestag

German BundestagPlatz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin

K +49 (0)30 227 – 73 834M +49 (0)30 227 – 76 528

x [email protected]://www.hermann-scheer.de

At At thethe International Forum on International Forum on RenewableRenewable EnergiesEnergies in Bonn, in Bonn, DaimlerChryslerDaimlerChryslerand Volkswagen and Volkswagen presentpresent theirtheir jointjoint alternative alternative fuelfuel strategystrategy withwith fuelsfuels

producedproduced byby Shell and ChorenShell and Choren

Statement Statement byby Dr. Hermann Scheer, Dr. Hermann Scheer, MemberMember of of thethe Bundestag and Chairman of Bundestag and Chairman of thetheInternational International ParliamentaryParliamentary Forum on Forum on RenewableRenewable EnergiesEnergies::

Bonn, 29 May 2004 Bonn, 29 May 2004 –– …….. I .. I thereforetherefore welcome welcome thethe interestinterest shownshown and and activeactive measuresmeasurestakentaken byby DaimlerChryslerDaimlerChrysler and Volkswagen to and Volkswagen to makemake SunDieselSunDiesel manufacturedmanufactured bybyChoren Industries Choren Industries …… partpart of an alternative of an alternative fuelfuel strategystrategy. . ……....

Renewables2004

Press ReleasePress ReleaseMovingMoving awayaway fromfrom oiloil withwith alternative alternative fuelsfuels

Page 13: BTL-Fuels for the Transportation Sector · Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesel launched 8 July 2003 in Athens launched in Bangkok in 2002 l l l lblend of standard

Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains

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spec

. CO

2-E

mis

sio

ns

[g C

O2/k

m]

YearsToday 10 20 30

H2-Fuel Cell

Reg.-H2 CO2

Gasoline,Diesel SynFuelDieselGasolinespecialSynFuel -Transition toSunFuel

Hydrogen Fuel

Synthesis Gas (H2, CO, CO2)

Crude Oil

Engine withCCS -Hybrid-Combustion

Volkswagen‘s Fuel- and Powertrain Strategy

Mild HybridFSI,TDI

FSI,TDIopt. Gasolineand Diesel

BiomassCoalReg.-H2Natural

Gas

VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain

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SunFuel: The Route into a Sustainable Future

Thank You For Your Attention