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Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
, Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains, 1
1
Group ResearchPowertrain
VOLKSWAGEN AG
IEA Bioenergy, ExCo54
Ottawa, 6th October 2004
-- VolkswagenVolkswagen‘‘ss ViewView on Future Powertrains and on Future Powertrains and FuelsFuels --
Dr. Hartmut Heinrich
BTLBTL--FuelsFuels for for thethe TransportationTransportation SectorSector
ExCo54 Doc 04.06
VOLKSWAGEN AGGroup ResearchPowertrain
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Main Topics
Change in environment related development topics
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Exhaust emissions CO,NOx,HC,PM
Greenhouse gases CO2
Energy
Year
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year
[kt/
a]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
[Mrd
. km
/a]
CO [kt/10]CO2 [kt/100]HC [kt]NOx [kt]Particulate [kt*10]Mileage [Mrd. km]
source: IFEU (TREMOD)
Germany
Trends in Passenger Car Emissions
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Self Commitment of European Car Manufacturers (ACEA)
140
160
180
200
1995 2000 2005 2010
140
160
180
200
1995 2000 2005 2010
CO2-Emissions [g/km]
140
160
180
200
1995 2000 2005 2010
new passenger car fleet
target 140 g/km
gasoline + diesel
diesel-25%
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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World Energy Demand
HydroNuclear
Gas
Oil
CoalTraditional
New Renewables
Coal CH4/H2
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
ExaJoules
Source: Shell International Ltd
exa=1018
1 Exajoule=34,12 Mio t SKE
The Spirit of the Coming Age
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Conclusions
economical use of existing energy resourcesby further improvement of the efficiency of the vehicle
introduction of renewable fuels with CO2 -free or CO2 - neutral pathes into the transpor-tation sector
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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Fuels
fuelsfuels
SynFuelsSynFuels alternativealternative
hydrogenhydrogen
alcoholsalcohols
natural gasnatural gas
biodieselbiodiesel
conventionalconventional
dieseldiesel
gasolinegasoline
GTL *GTL *
BTL **/ SunFuelBTL **/ SunFuel
* GTL: Gas to Liquids
** BTL: Biomass to Liquids
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Demands on Future Fuels - 1
No Single Energy Carrier will be Able to Fulfill these Demands
l safe supply
l easy handling and storage
l high energy density
l economically competitive
l consideration of environment and climate protection
hydrogen
ethanol
methanol
gasoline
diesel
natural gas
LPG
DME
biodiesel
- low emissions (CO, HC, NOx, PM)- low CO2- emissions
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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but
not to diversify on the fuels sideethanol methanolgasoline
hydrogendieselnatural gasLPG
DME
biodiesel
no hen and egg - problem
Demands on Future Fuels - 2
l to diversify on the primary energy sidefrom crude oil to natural gas, coal and biomass
economically unacceptable solution
l to blend into existing fuels
methanol, ethanol, biodieselrelating to existing fuel specifications
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Challenges of the Future
Renewable fuels for the transportation sector
renewable liquid fuelsð biomass ð SunFuel (BTL),
l
renewable gaseous fuelsð biomass and/or renewable
electricityð hydrogen
l
Biodiesel, Bioethanol
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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Volkswagen Scenario for the Evolution of Fuels
Gasoline/ Dieselbased on crude oil
SynFuelbased on natural gas, (coalwith sequestration)
Hydrogenbased on renewables
SunFuel
based on renewables
Evolution of Fuels
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synthesisraw gas
generation
O2
C- and H-carrier
gas cleaning
synthesis gas(H2, CO, CO2)
Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis
hydrotreatment
SynFuel• CTL(sequestration)
• GTL• BTL(SunFuel)
coal, natural gas
biomass
Simplified Synthetic Fuel Production Process
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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Synthetic Fuels: Categories of Improvement
1. Direct improvement of local air quality by usage of synthetic fuels in existing vehicles based on the outstanding purity of the fuels
2. Reduction of global CO2-emissions if biomass is used as primary energy for synthetic fuels
3. Possibility to develop new combustion systems with widely improved characteristics based on the designability of synthetic fuels
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NOx particulates·10 HC CO
0,1
0
0,2
0,3
emis
sion
s [g
/km
]
Diesel < 10ppm S
Shell GtL∆NOx= - 6,4% ∆Part. = - 26%
∆HC = - 63% ∆CO = - 91%
Limits EU 4
EU 4
Fleet Test Trial in Berlin 200325 vehicles, 5 months
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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04Launched 4 June 2004 in Hamburg
Shell GTL Retail-Worldwide
GermanyGreece Thailand
Shell Pura Diesel Shell Diesel 2004 Shell V- Power Diesellaunched 8 July 2003 in Athens
launched in Bangkok in 2002
l l l
l blend of standard diesel, Shell GTL and an additivel emissions benefits, better engine performance
Source: Shell Global Solutions
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CO2 cycle with SunFuel
Dies ist der Untertitel
Biomass SunFuel
Synthesis
Volkswagen's View on Future Fuels and Powertrains
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Synthetic Fuels Conventional Biofuels
e.g.RME*,
Ethanol
= 1st generation of biofuels
* RME: Rapeseed Methyl Ester = Biodiesel
GTL(Gas to Liquid)
SynFuel
BTL(Biomass to Liquid)
= 2nd generation of advanced biofuels
SunFuel
Process
Group
CTL*(Coal to Liquid)
SynFuel
Classification of Synthetic Fuels
* with sequestration
- SunDiesel -
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SunFuel-Production by CHOREN‘s Carbo V Process
Procedure scheme:
SunFuel
O2
LTG*
Slag
Coke
Pyrolysis-Gas
Cleaning
Desulfurization(Adsorption)
Synthesis GasFischer-Tropsch-Reactor
HydrocrackerStabilisor
C1 - C4 (5%)
Biomass
Source: CHOREN
Entrained FlowGasifier
* Low Temperature Gasifier
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CarboV Test Facility CHOREN
Capacity: 1 MW thermalInput: wood
StrawGreen plantsShredder-Light-FractionCoal
Products: BioSynGasà el. powerDiesel max. 600ltr/dayKeroseneMethanol
currently: SunDiesel
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SunFuel-Production from Black Liquor
Procedure scheme:
SunFuel
O2
Slag
WaterCleaning
Desulfurization(Adsorption)
Synthesis GasFischer-Tropsch-Reactor
HydrocrackerStabilisor
C1 - C4 (5%)
Black Liquor
Entrained FlowGasifier
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Liquid Biofuels
litres per year and hectare
1 hectare
Source: FNR (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Germany)
Ethanol
1.653 l gasoline equivalent
SunDiesel
3.101 l diesel equivalent
Biodiesel
1.183 l diesel equivalent
Neat Rape-Oil
1.254 l diesel equivalent
cereals
energy
rapeseed
crops
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Combustion System Development
Petrol Engine
Diesel Engine
Combined Combustion System
swirl chamber
partial homogenizedapplied ignition
high-pressure
injectiondirectinjection
portinjection
direct injectionwall guided
direct injectionspray guided
direct injection
auto ignited
synthetic fuels
enable new optimized
combustion processes
l
combination of the emission
behavior of the petrol engine
with the excellent efficiency
of the diesel engine
l
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Renewables2004 – SunDiesel-Demonstration Fleet
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Dr Hermann ScheerMember of the German Bundestag
German BundestagPlatz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin
K +49 (0)30 227 – 73 834M +49 (0)30 227 – 76 528
x [email protected]://www.hermann-scheer.de
At At thethe International Forum on International Forum on RenewableRenewable EnergiesEnergies in Bonn, in Bonn, DaimlerChryslerDaimlerChryslerand Volkswagen and Volkswagen presentpresent theirtheir jointjoint alternative alternative fuelfuel strategystrategy withwith fuelsfuels
producedproduced byby Shell and ChorenShell and Choren
Statement Statement byby Dr. Hermann Scheer, Dr. Hermann Scheer, MemberMember of of thethe Bundestag and Chairman of Bundestag and Chairman of thetheInternational International ParliamentaryParliamentary Forum on Forum on RenewableRenewable EnergiesEnergies::
Bonn, 29 May 2004 Bonn, 29 May 2004 –– …….. I .. I thereforetherefore welcome welcome thethe interestinterest shownshown and and activeactive measuresmeasurestakentaken byby DaimlerChryslerDaimlerChrysler and Volkswagen to and Volkswagen to makemake SunDieselSunDiesel manufacturedmanufactured bybyChoren Industries Choren Industries …… partpart of an alternative of an alternative fuelfuel strategystrategy. . ……....
Renewables2004
Press ReleasePress ReleaseMovingMoving awayaway fromfrom oiloil withwith alternative alternative fuelsfuels
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spec
. CO
2-E
mis
sio
ns
[g C
O2/k
m]
YearsToday 10 20 30
H2-Fuel Cell
Reg.-H2 CO2
Gasoline,Diesel SynFuelDieselGasolinespecialSynFuel -Transition toSunFuel
Hydrogen Fuel
Synthesis Gas (H2, CO, CO2)
Crude Oil
Engine withCCS -Hybrid-Combustion
Volkswagen‘s Fuel- and Powertrain Strategy
Mild HybridFSI,TDI
FSI,TDIopt. Gasolineand Diesel
BiomassCoalReg.-H2Natural
Gas
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SunFuel: The Route into a Sustainable Future
Thank You For Your Attention