* Dạng 1:  S + HTHT (phủ định) + for + thời gian =>It’s + thời gian ….+ since …+ last + QKĐ (khẳng định)

Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month. 

      – It is one month since I last saw my father.

      Tom hasn’t had his hair cut for over three months. 

     – It is three months since Tom last had his hair cut. 

Dạng 2: S + HTHT (phủ định) + before => It’s + the first time + S + HTHT (khẳng định)

Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before. => It is the first time I have met that man here.

      It is the first time I have read this book. => I haven’t read this book before.

* Dạng 3:        -  S + HTHT (phủ định) + since / for + …..   - S + last + QKĐ (khẳng định) …+ when + mệnh đề   - The last time + S + QKĐ (khẳng định) + was + thời gian

Ex: I haven’t heard him since August.  => The last time I heard him was in August.

I haven’t seen him since I left school. => I last saw him when I left school.       

 * Dạng 4:    S + HTHT (khẳng định) + for + thời gian => S + began / started + V-ing + thời gian + ago

Ex: I have worked here for ten years.=> I began working here ten years ago.

      It started raining two days ago.  >   It has rained for two days.

3. Các từ đi với thì hiện tại hoàn thành- Since + thời điểm trong quá khứ: since 1982, since Junuary….: kể từ khi  For + khoảng thời gian: for three days, for ten minutes, ….: trong vòng

 I haven’t heard from her for 2 months.(Tôi không nghe tin tức gì từ cô ấy trong 2 tháng rồiHe hasn’t met her since she was a little girl.(Anh ấy không gặp cô ấy kể từ khi cô ấy còn là 1 cô bé.)- Already: đã

Dùng trong câu khẳng định hay câu hỏi, ALREADY có thể đứng ngay sau have và cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.I have already had the answer = I have had the answer already.Have you typed my letter already?- Yet: chưa

Dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn. YET thường đứng cuối câu.

John hasn’t written his report yet = John hasn’t written his report.I hasn’t decided what to do yet = I hasn’t decided what to do.Have you read this article yet? = Have you read this article?- Just: vừa mới

Dùng để chỉ một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.

I have just met him.I have just tidied up the kitchen.I have just had lunch.- Recently, Lately: gần đây

He has recently arrived from New York.- So far: cho đến bây giờ

We haven’t finished the English tenses so far.- Up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time: đến tận bây giờ.

She hasn’t come up to now.- Ever: đã từng bao giờ chưa

EVER chỉ dùng trong câu nghi vấnHave you ever gone abroad?- Never… before: chưa bao giờ

I have never eaten a mango before. Have you eaten a mango?- In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time: trong thời gian qua

It has rained in the past week.She hasn’t talked to me over the last 4 days.