shy

--

COMMAND FILE WORLD WAR II

U s tlAVAL OCTACHJampT IN TURlISH WATERS 1919- 1924

Dr~ Henry r o Boers

Under the Supervision of

~~ n GGAlbion Administrative Resea-c~ Con~~~t Navy Deparbiioltlt

or R H Baltisr~ Chief ~ m eion of Navy Deparwent hTchivee He ttonal Archi Yef

t Cto _ E J Leahy ~ D1rec~r ortic~ o~ Recorde ~dIUn1ftratlon Adl1n1etrat t ve Office Navy Oopartnent

LI_n1 -

O~flce c~ i ccot-lpound A~_~nist-at1c~

-

shy

A1~~ ttrthe Oii-flt Iv r [)gjH~-tr elt

J1J-I ~ 19hJ

1 _ _ __ - --- - - ---- _ - -- - -- -~ -

- -- Us IlAVAL JlBTAOIJH1If III fUlIIlEH WATlIS 1919--1921a f -

l Taz1ao7 entered the World War or 19l1i-1916 on til oido ot the Centnl

lt 111 tbe tall ot 1914 and the 1ut nation to _peace witll _

Alll TIle deteat ot tho Turk by tho Br1tloh in lloopotoa1a Arabia

Paloot1llo and Syria and tho fIUZTIIndor at IIulgar1amp on _ storn border or Taz1ao7 t orced her to 01 an amistie en buard the Br1tlah battloohip

ApaIIUIOll at tile 1o1and at Iudroo en October 30 1918 Ao SCOD aa tho in

fields 1Itra clsarod away Allied terce occupied tho torts on _ IlIrdoneUo

and tile BoopolU8 and en Iiovocber 10 tho first Br1Ueb destroyer _

ConetantinOple TIuee day leter a lamprie quadran or Br1Ush FrenclI Italian

and Greek warshipo anchored ott that place Thuo tho Allies ea into pooion

at tbe StraHs be_en tbe Bleck Sea and the lIediterranean Sea a higllRy which

bad been a source o~ international rivalry and wartare tor centuries Rouncl1ng-gto( wt her spheres or intluence 1n tbe Ottanan kp1re Great 1r1ta1n DOW aarchecl

I into the lIoul oil field in nortllom lloaopotaJaia _ otter tho collopoo ot

tile Rueoiane on tho Coucaauo frontier 1IIto Baku told over tho ro1lroad

tna thot place to 8amp_ en tho Black Sea ~to stepe tolcon to

bull tract bull II1l1tory occupation ot Anatollo the cmlT porti~ ot tile old ot_bull

Dap1ro lett to the Turkbullbull

Th AUi also ecured control ot RuIIa1an ports on tho northern ohoro

ot the Black Sea at the end of 1918 Apoundter fichtin unauccstullT on tbe

side ot tbe Allie Rusia bad succumbed to an intornal rnolution which

I placed the Bolshevik in power in Novbel 1917 Thlo em not

recopised by th Allio nor by the United Statas They negotiated a ampoparatoI

treaty with tho viotorious Garman at Broot-Litovk in IIarcb 1916 by whichI

middot middot

1shy

middot

- -- ~ -~-~ ~-~X

~

-2shy

1amp wu depri_ or Ukra1nLa 1raquo SOlltb lIwIGa aDd the amprun1an prorlnoe

~~~

i I

I

I ~(

I I I I

I I

bull or Itano Ardohan s l1li_ 1n til eaucuubullbull F~ TUrlc1oh til Aenian

pltW1ncao occuPied by the urn bolt loet 1raquo _bel 1916 to tile

Brltih who __ out in tho tolllt1W1nc 7 lha anoietio or bel ll

1918 betbullbulln the Allibullbull _ neV plOYided to tile 1Iitldnnlal ot 0enI

to tJCIII aU mack S po1te Following the occupation at Colllltmtinople

tile Allied neet eroaeed the Back S _ eeeu18d eontrol at tile Rubullbulll port

whioh ueed _ at p17 tor AlUed aid to tile lIbi to Rueian arIiibullbull or

Oeneral Dm1k1n and lIrlllllll in their ertort to 0Ye1tbr0w the Bolheoikobull

Tho A1l1eo bullbullt tigtMaeln p in pon at Constantinople to enforee the

tenas ot the U111bUce and ~Q win whAtenr econCD1c advantuges they could tram

their polt1on Viea Aclaoirul A S Couch-Calthorpe 0 c_onder of tho

A1l1ed neet in Ule easte) Mediterranean had negotiated the araist1ee ot ~udrost

became the Britioh Hleb C_ibullbulliOlWr taking up hi residence at the Ilriti8h

tabasy ~ V10e Ackttral met reprosted tht ranch and other High Commise1ooen

~ appointed b the Italiano and O18ek Together the Allied prebullbullntativbullbull

tomed tho Illi~middot 1i1ch ec-1elon on which the United State bad no _ber

Both the Br~ti and the French bad dtent High CaIm1bullbull1011 Brtt1oh_

French gnarc call1ldad tile tngtope prrtean1ng the tortification 1raquo tn

IJIIrdonellbullbull and the Boeporue conetmt1noplo italf occupied by lIilitary

torce employee Sf alIbaol fWIJde _ all a dapat tal the Boporuo guri8one

Tbe old Twldoh goverment 0100lt1 in xitonce under the Sultan but it took

oiIere trcm tho Allied High CltUII1eion pUtioularly rom the BJ1tioh in rag-d

to conetMt1nogtle and the Strait In Asiatie Turkl hr t ho voice at

tho Gmennenv bad little effect aod d1soroer bocatle rampant The san1tery

~~ztratton ot Constantinople ftII taken over by t ho Allied High Camaieeion

- -- Us IlAVAL JlBTAOIJH1If III fUlIIlEH WATlIS 1919--1921a f -

l Taz1ao7 entered the World War or 19l1i-1916 on til oido ot the Centnl

lt 111 tbe tall ot 1914 and the 1ut nation to _peace witll _

Alll TIle deteat ot tho Turk by tho Br1tloh in lloopotoa1a Arabia

Paloot1llo and Syria and tho fIUZTIIndor at IIulgar1amp on _ storn border or Taz1ao7 t orced her to 01 an amistie en buard the Br1tlah battloohip

ApaIIUIOll at tile 1o1and at Iudroo en October 30 1918 Ao SCOD aa tho in

fields 1Itra clsarod away Allied terce occupied tho torts on _ IlIrdoneUo

and tile BoopolU8 and en Iiovocber 10 tho first Br1Ueb destroyer _

ConetantinOple TIuee day leter a lamprie quadran or Br1Ush FrenclI Italian

and Greek warshipo anchored ott that place Thuo tho Allies ea into pooion

at tbe StraHs be_en tbe Bleck Sea and the lIediterranean Sea a higllRy which

bad been a source o~ international rivalry and wartare tor centuries Rouncl1ng-gto( wt her spheres or intluence 1n tbe Ottanan kp1re Great 1r1ta1n DOW aarchecl

I into the lIoul oil field in nortllom lloaopotaJaia _ otter tho collopoo ot

tile Rueoiane on tho Coucaauo frontier 1IIto Baku told over tho ro1lroad

tna thot place to 8amp_ en tho Black Sea ~to stepe tolcon to

bull tract bull II1l1tory occupation ot Anatollo the cmlT porti~ ot tile old ot_bull

Dap1ro lett to the Turkbullbull

Th AUi also ecured control ot RuIIa1an ports on tho northern ohoro

ot the Black Sea at the end of 1918 Apoundter fichtin unauccstullT on tbe

side ot tbe Allie Rusia bad succumbed to an intornal rnolution which

I placed the Bolshevik in power in Novbel 1917 Thlo em not

recopised by th Allio nor by the United Statas They negotiated a ampoparatoI

treaty with tho viotorious Garman at Broot-Litovk in IIarcb 1916 by whichI

middot middot

1shy

middot

- -- ~ -~-~ ~-~X

~

-2shy

1amp wu depri_ or Ukra1nLa 1raquo SOlltb lIwIGa aDd the amprun1an prorlnoe

~~~

i I

I

I ~(

I I I I

I I

bull or Itano Ardohan s l1li_ 1n til eaucuubullbull F~ TUrlc1oh til Aenian

pltW1ncao occuPied by the urn bolt loet 1raquo _bel 1916 to tile

Brltih who __ out in tho tolllt1W1nc 7 lha anoietio or bel ll

1918 betbullbulln the Allibullbull _ neV plOYided to tile 1Iitldnnlal ot 0enI

to tJCIII aU mack S po1te Following the occupation at Colllltmtinople

tile Allied neet eroaeed the Back S _ eeeu18d eontrol at tile Rubullbulll port

whioh ueed _ at p17 tor AlUed aid to tile lIbi to Rueian arIiibullbull or

Oeneral Dm1k1n and lIrlllllll in their ertort to 0Ye1tbr0w the Bolheoikobull

Tho A1l1eo bullbullt tigtMaeln p in pon at Constantinople to enforee the

tenas ot the U111bUce and ~Q win whAtenr econCD1c advantuges they could tram

their polt1on Viea Aclaoirul A S Couch-Calthorpe 0 c_onder of tho

A1l1ed neet in Ule easte) Mediterranean had negotiated the araist1ee ot ~udrost

became the Britioh Hleb C_ibullbulliOlWr taking up hi residence at the Ilriti8h

tabasy ~ V10e Ackttral met reprosted tht ranch and other High Commise1ooen

~ appointed b the Italiano and O18ek Together the Allied prebullbullntativbullbull

tomed tho Illi~middot 1i1ch ec-1elon on which the United State bad no _ber

Both the Br~ti and the French bad dtent High CaIm1bullbull1011 Brtt1oh_

French gnarc call1ldad tile tngtope prrtean1ng the tortification 1raquo tn

IJIIrdonellbullbull and the Boeporue conetmt1noplo italf occupied by lIilitary

torce employee Sf alIbaol fWIJde _ all a dapat tal the Boporuo guri8one

Tbe old Twldoh goverment 0100lt1 in xitonce under the Sultan but it took

oiIere trcm tho Allied High CltUII1eion pUtioularly rom the BJ1tioh in rag-d

to conetMt1nogtle and the Strait In Asiatie Turkl hr t ho voice at

tho Gmennenv bad little effect aod d1soroer bocatle rampant The san1tery

~~ztratton ot Constantinople ftII taken over by t ho Allied High Camaieeion

- -- ~ -~-~ ~-~X

~

-2shy

1amp wu depri_ or Ukra1nLa 1raquo SOlltb lIwIGa aDd the amprun1an prorlnoe

~~~

i I

I

I ~(

I I I I

I I

bull or Itano Ardohan s l1li_ 1n til eaucuubullbull F~ TUrlc1oh til Aenian

pltW1ncao occuPied by the urn bolt loet 1raquo _bel 1916 to tile

Brltih who __ out in tho tolllt1W1nc 7 lha anoietio or bel ll

1918 betbullbulln the Allibullbull _ neV plOYided to tile 1Iitldnnlal ot 0enI

to tJCIII aU mack S po1te Following the occupation at Colllltmtinople

tile Allied neet eroaeed the Back S _ eeeu18d eontrol at tile Rubullbulll port

whioh ueed _ at p17 tor AlUed aid to tile lIbi to Rueian arIiibullbull or

Oeneral Dm1k1n and lIrlllllll in their ertort to 0Ye1tbr0w the Bolheoikobull

Tho A1l1eo bullbullt tigtMaeln p in pon at Constantinople to enforee the

tenas ot the U111bUce and ~Q win whAtenr econCD1c advantuges they could tram

their polt1on Viea Aclaoirul A S Couch-Calthorpe 0 c_onder of tho

A1l1ed neet in Ule easte) Mediterranean had negotiated the araist1ee ot ~udrost

became the Britioh Hleb C_ibullbulliOlWr taking up hi residence at the Ilriti8h

tabasy ~ V10e Ackttral met reprosted tht ranch and other High Commise1ooen

~ appointed b the Italiano and O18ek Together the Allied prebullbullntativbullbull

tomed tho Illi~middot 1i1ch ec-1elon on which the United State bad no _ber

Both the Br~ti and the French bad dtent High CaIm1bullbull1011 Brtt1oh_

French gnarc call1ldad tile tngtope prrtean1ng the tortification 1raquo tn

IJIIrdonellbullbull and the Boeporue conetmt1noplo italf occupied by lIilitary

torce employee Sf alIbaol fWIJde _ all a dapat tal the Boporuo guri8one

Tbe old Twldoh goverment 0100lt1 in xitonce under the Sultan but it took

oiIere trcm tho Allied High CltUII1eion pUtioularly rom the BJ1tioh in rag-d

to conetMt1nogtle and the Strait In Asiatie Turkl hr t ho voice at

tho Gmennenv bad little effect aod d1soroer bocatle rampant The san1tery

~~ztratton ot Constantinople ftII taken over by t ho Allied High Camaieeion

attected _

I I I -

I I

I I I I

I I

~ I I I

I I

I I

I I

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I

I I I

I ~

~-bull

_ hiprow__ 1Icondlt1o pr10r to 1ta uilqlli81 t

of _trol to the TIu1d8h IIatimal _ 11 _ 1922

Arter TUro ot war the lear Eut 11 a deplonbla II1tuaUOII TraDIIshy

portation and -an1cation hod broken _ or pnotically _en _ 17Ihare

rood arM oioth1ne are greatly 11 need In Tunoy Greeca and in South _1amp Black _ad poeed partJy of oawduet and tra was beinc sold at aolirltent

prices 11 conetentinopl Oft in tho intorior the pauanta hod otorao of _t on haDd but they would not oU it becaubullbull _1 could DOt cat the clotllinc arM

qui~ont they needed The amiotice did not brine peace to this regon for

fighting went on throughout QOSt or the Uoar _t bet_ ditoront factione or

races or betweery the Allied forces and the people they 1reIW atteraptinr to subdue

Conditiona became rae before they got be~ter Yet tho amistice not long

signed before Americans began trending into the Lennt and Sooth Ruio

Tho United State hod no pert in the dereat and ocoupation of Turkey 1Ib1ch

lUiely bull British allow bull tact whch rsoulted in tho British ao81lming tho

upper haDd in te Allied occupation of CoDotantinoplo Upon the outbreak of

~_ the United States arM GonIany 1n April 1917 Turkey Wdor GanIampn

pres orod diplomatic relations with the IJn1ted Stete bUt war DOt

declarad between tbe too COllDtriS The cona1derablo ilrreataont at Argterioano

in a1sai0nampr7 aducat1mal philanthropic and comoerc1al enterpriseo 11 II1rkoy

apparontJy influenced tho decia10n at tho United Stateo Oomaent in tb1bull

connection The U S s Scorpion a converted yacht purcba8ed tor usa durlng

tho Spanish liar in 1898 which had bean tho American etotionnaire at Constantinople

for tllJDber ot years intrned 1n 1917 on Nobar 9 1918 the scorpion

1Ia8 permitted to raile its flag and began to IIIOnv military equipment which

had been rBampOYed by tne Turt1 A reliar c arriTed on board the U S S N_

-li shy

i I

_tos lIabbU~ 1ft of thecorpcll

be _tim of a IInlW S~aa reprenatiYe at Ccmatant~o taDn

lIP in lIubiJgtiltOn attar tile and8t1oa It decided DOt w reeetab118h d1p1oshy

tic Nlatl with IIIrIceJ bullutalT ao earl) 10 _ Ir Lewla 1Ieck~

tile t _ _ 811 Secretary of tile ~oan fillba88) at Conetant1oople

__ w return there IID1tod statee CoEmiaa10n0r The _ell Legat1cm w ccnt1oII8 w lIampndle d1p1tlc aftaira In practice lr Reellt _ed

co _ch baa1oa by word of IIIOUth tomal written cmeations be1nc lIampndled

by tile s-lt lib Lee_tim Agreainamp to tile delliro or _ stata 1lepartIoent tile

Sacretary ot the Ha~ directed AdzIiral UU S Dena tba Chif of laval

Operotl theD in LOndon to detaU an oftioar of ranilt from poreonnol obroad~

l I w duq- 10 Conatant1ooplere a atation IIb1p to be maintainod Rock

roachod tile city on tile Golden 110m on _r 27 1918 and tOot lIP Ida qaartora

in tile Jao_ -17 The naval ot1lcer Mlactod for tbo poet at CGaIrtaatiDoplo

I I by Amtral lIoDeon and Acloliral WIlU 5 5- Foroo (cwqsndor of the O S laval I I

I ForOoe ~rat1oc 10 hropean tatara 811 ~ra a~ Loodon -

I 1 Acloliral _ Labert BrUtol a fttaron ot tIlirty-01x yoano _oa in tile I bull I iP7 Ilur10g tbo war be bad aerwd on 001lYO) My 10 - of tile O SS Ifortll carol1na tll placed 10 _ of ian1 Bas 27 at PJaouth lDgland on

I october 24 1918 lie la_ bad additional duty aa U S repntat1 on tile i

Allled c-1sllion 10 11041_ to antoroo naval allIS of tile armlR with Oeraanr

i I PurInampant ~ orders of _bar )0 1918 be proceeded to LoDdon and received I

lnstnlcti from AdIIliral Slas In arlo a tn dIIys latar be conterred 1I1thI tile loIIcentoan official ampasbled tbere tor the peace oocterollCe 1Dcl~

~ ltlUra] lIonaan Sacretuy of stata Robert Lanaioa Herbert IIoovwr of tile Food

I I

shyI

middotldIolIIlt+_ middot-s bullbull JImo1q of _ V II BIgt1WiIIc _

gt

aDd Pruldlont -

- middotIIe told to rpreeen _ Un1W Stateo oaort in J -

dtaI- _rlau in~ aDd to do _ nIlt On JAlftJUT 81919 be

-s to dI1t7 5eD1or DS IIaql ota Tullltq in __ or the_tore

t middotot lmg1_ 21deg _ lnclmiddot all ot _ _pt COrJU aDd _ -

reg1an to the t Proa Par1a -ucI via - to aranto _

_ the D S S Scbll on ampnUU7 2h tor the _ to Conatantlnaplbullbull

The U Sal Dev_oint in ful1dah ratan into _ta- on

ormary 28 en lear AdII1ral ir1atol raiaed hibull nag on _ Scorpion Dllring

_ nrt t ctyo fiaito of C8la1ltl1V acbanged witil the II1cII ClcIIa1bullbullioaen I

ot Great Britain and end the c~ nalal otticera of tlloa countribullbull

aDd Italy aDd Greece Biltol lOt the iepreeion rr- Adlliral Colthorpo that--~

i he _1_ bieMlt in the pOlltillll ot chief amp1lthorit7 in tile occiapyinc torcebullbull

RalaU witb _ Allied otticialo and with _ of tuftO) thereatter i

bandled II) Acio1ral Britol amp0 Senior lIe_entoti or the Daited Stateo he

bull D S (lorwaoi_ tlr Heck ~ the ordinar7 dipl_tia _ oonaular I itorre COrdial ralatiONl ioIIlIediatal) tAb~ be___ repnshy

tati_ the Acio1ral beiDc a _ older _ the Inlor _ doopartad tor the United Stateo in Apr1l1919 aDd euccMded AaUng

_ lt c-iaeio b) Gabriel DIe Rmdal Il1o bod _tl) - the - or Coaeul

I

+

General IIb1ob he bald bofore1_ hroallt1Di of dlplcDatic relatione witb TUItO)I i I I AdIIIlral Briotol c_ bieaalf with cattore pertoin1Dg to the _oticeI a1lltar) aDd nalal attain relatiOllll __ Un1W Statu aDd turlt0) and

-(

witgt the pretatl of all other countriee

he __oltIati1lll8 on board the Scorpion __ quito iJIed_ta for booineo

aDd teTta1noent __ ao it was noaeor) to estabUoh hoadquarten oc

i I

- shy

bull

_rit1 Awtral Brietol_1Dto b _ bu7

_ u Ubull S CQwlicmer alrudy located and 1IIgt1ch ti80 prortded om

_ tor -rd Helm the taU at the U S Pood A~IIl__tion

AS -lcaU middot1gt7 cable l1IItted and ~ a _0 teUtmiddot IIIgt 111 thy 1gt7 ot 1Ih1ch contlauoue and ccnndenUal _CaUon

hod e1th the naru weael8 operating 111 the cCllDampDl and e1th Waab1ncton

The naru -oatloll ottloe eened all ftllerican acUnU 111 tha area

1llcIud1nc relir orgalllUons ampad bWl1nebullbull concerns A paper contr1ll1ng

111tell1ampence recelved 1gt7 radio was elietributelt 111 1I1a~ tOni 8IlOIlg

middot Alleriaan orealllsati and becane eo IlUch 111 d_ aong tore1gDers thot

the ecI1tion had to be enlarged

Other naval ctinUe at CoIlIOtant1nopIe were houeecl elaewllere A naval

tmPJll7 baIe etohllehed 111 a laend lgtII1ldine OIl the water front A cIontal

ottlce _oed 111 bull 8Ilall true buUeling conatructed tor Ite ac_tion

by the Britbh naval IlUthoriU the port ottlce located at f1rat on

board the SOOp1Dn and la~ 111 a buUcI1Ds occupied by other Allied port

oftlce bullbulltetion _p oU7 the Scorpion el_ kept 111 the

BoIIporJ1a Il00_ to the _ end connected telephone e1th the -7 A

_ for tiel oU atone_ rented traa the S_ard OU (cwapall Good

ltfacWt1e ftre ampilahle 111 printe eh1Jgt7a111 for the repair end onrbampU11ng at the ale 111 ths detocllDaot the detaclsent b_er ran an Iamp1ring

aalth1ne ahop A aaval dispel1lampt7 was _rated to c tor eh1pe cren on lea 111 eonetant1llcple Ied1cel cue which conld DOt be _17 cared tor

on board eh1p ere take to the meri Hoepital tIIIore speclel warde 118

attGnded by naval IlecI1cel ottlcero Admiral Brietol larsel pOna1bl

-( tdr the cotoblllIIIont or title hospttel bull

bullbullbullbull

middot middot

-

0 ~1a1ll ~ nIIICtiYit1e Aclairal 8r1oto1 bod14 lIP durinc

bi aret J8u tJi ~bullbull _t ot IlAT8l oraaCt or MIl r

det1D1ta duti to 1foIa Be t -tth a tha scblez L1eGt CoIDdr ampmeat V St4oblgt1m~ 0tIier om who IJTId cI1lr1nc Pab1uU7 and _

middot Dcl_ LlA1l CcItdra Oeorce II l1a4a1e and a-11ton Y Bt7on Lt (j g) Robert s DonD LtbullbullUlloa bullbull Stnart and BnIIipe _1 J Pattiom and

Cbarl B ciarroll Bat be tOUDd it dlmcult cIu11namp 1919 to obta1D all

bIlp be no_ be _04 amp1011 -e that be 1lDt -11amp the 1IOIIc

u h ehcul4 At tha bell1nnillamp he _ tha ottlcer aater1al that 1IU on

_ not lone otte bill azTlY8l be ~nted tho capta1n ot tha Soorploa

pon officer because it neaoary to hove tb1a poolt10a ruled 1medlotely

too hondl the oh1pe arrivi1lamp haII the Unita4 Sta_ with 11t caBOlo Early

111 1920 hi descr1bed b1a otatr toll

4 be Dtti ot tha Senior u Sal om Tulkay are locata4 1D tile _rican _ay ru office eonta1na th middotton 1ng am and oaaaryen OperaUOIIJJ Otr1oar nac Secreshytary nc Lin_ c-un1oamptl ID~ nco Opshy

U_ or f_ polloy ot ahlp _ta A--al tual olt shyuU with tDtvo nta bandled b7 Operau_ om rubull _ ott1OOI 10 1IDita4 Sta_ rIpJOtatb the AMocry COoshy

I alt_ or thalHOClata4 _ IDI the ieculat100 of Tnde 111 c1lt87 and amplao alotant to tha SenloJ us Naal Ott1cer

I

I 1wIltay IDI 5~pp1ng _ and lorcbaIrt atta1nJ middot R 10 HnlDr amp1dei ~ oa tho stott be nac SocJetary baa charp ot all 1I_Jal oecshy Jetar1al eoz1lt bOth IDI NaYampl and rOJ 111gb ec1loner duUea He

baa charp at orncer peraomel _ oJal ougterv1alon or tile CCIDshy

aunlcatloD clerical nCOJd aDd dlatributioa II _11 NaY per-IJCDDIl 111 all omcoo at tho -117

he Plai 11t baa chIrp of tranopoJtaUoo b7 lutooobUeo rail o~ 0 _ bull1D cbarge or all ec-ntnIcati Voushyalo8l and recalf1Damp oyateao baa cbarp or lIoena autoac-Wea geneJlll nas Lieutenant duUbullbullbull

l

ibo G t10i1 0Ni0 ~_ middotJapU lishy

ampo1ac and 1DoGa1ns _ni~ _ 1Iandl be t bullbull t1Oa om witll 1I18 middot__ middot0iIduw ~wel middot- aU ol1101a1 __ and abo aU lid _ Ian Ielir _

middot_U 4 0 0IC1Al -tbull 1I1lltu7 ooo_tte ol tIIeooaDto- 1WC1 bullbull1uMd tba c1ftD _ ottJalA1 to opt IIrOUcII and ~-t-FMt1oaU Hoppedw bepD banIline 1t

11M Intall1pgtce _ 1e alt-_tnr7 Ita prtnc1pt1 middotmiddot and _to Dportat _ 18- _to ol __III nport1Damp _ to~

111S _ poliUcal cID1np or WI 11 wll tile lUiou otIIer t1 in tile _ But boo Hlan et_t1Oa abo bIIld8t1d moe sing middotto tile e17 cit 101 -tob1JII tile tNad ot IIohIwr1a with lOCard to 1ta etteot em tile pol1Uoalmiddot_ tile _ ol1Dll1c _tiona ol tbi 1111018 -

In addtt1on to handle _UN and prorttonao wll pq cowrtobullbull IIUJlPl7 om had to be tabUoIwd- hi otshy11e aatntai prm1010M clo~bullbullbullSAbullbulltom and __ _ pU tor the torce AU SaIIP17 Omor _ tor ah1pe without __ otno 10 clone by th1 ol11 101 -tfoJ _aera IIagle _ta and ahtpo wi_t _17 oI11e tIda otn MiDshyto1na bull CampDteen clotMJII and u _ 1_- IItbUo bl11bullbull fIIal ~ fnNIh pronlon coatracta parchaa1na or t 1ampD __ ell handled by tbi ol11oe

be stat1oMh1p tvmdI ~ Ih1p _t10118 bortb1ns k_ til station _to 1 radto tram IIblP u in ehup or amp11_ personnel bandl aU ahtp Pelra _ ~ fuml- __ help _ MCIan1oa _ ded _ in a-al u FMt1oaU bull tander to tile otb4ir 1po

11 S Port omoer 0 1 the cstac om or _ USS SCIIIPlOl u tile middotU S ropra__ middotat _ ~ ot tile AU1efPort otnoera-be t plCoat lD middotan - ~v land k_ the Senior U S el omoer lntDrud ol tile po1101 orclera aDd dNiru ot _ All1ed Port ott1c1el to pona1t our to _rato 1I1t11 __ DOt bull portJ to tile A_Uoo 111th Turlltq In comct1on 111til tile ~ort Ot11oe u an orneor _ Ioftl TraMport otn b1o orn hao to do with board1Dg United stotes ioercbant ah1po erranstIIi - oleashy ~ a1cI1nc _ in -7 poutble _r __ ushypecI1tillS loadlnc and ~ in caa1unction 1I1t11 _tal tolloooshy1ns up aork or er10118 -eeota and in tact _ ptclanoo ot Senior U S lIaftl om IIrInIT be _ fIftl7tb1l1S poea1bl to aid _r1oan Sh1pplJii and AIlert_ in obtalninc amp air dee) in tile Roar Rut 1Iherapatt pro11tur1ng cI1acrlll1nat1cll and 07 Ienown hlDCIrance to trecIe 10 811_ to naurtllh CIDCheqIltecI

-9shy

i

~-

jgt - bull ~ shy

tbB starr IIed1aal om at_ all ~ of tho Inta-shy J - AU1t Son1tampry Cconao1 1n an ~~c1V and oooperateto witil tha eclaton 1D e17 ~ ponible be IleIIta1 Sure-gt tor _ r_ ball aD office on ebore __ i DO ahip thatI a 1_ 1ltgtrhlo wotItl alao ClIIIing to all _t or ~ ~ in tb1e port b7 deetlO) tho DoDtal Surpon with h10I shy portable CNtt1t make tripa on _ to camprl7 GUt dental work on theabull

[ ~ bullbullbullbull

An officer on Bristol otart 01gt00 pamaed a panwgtent here patrol

1111100 IIampIntoinod 1n Constantinople to pollee the libe1t7 trao Anrican

AO Senior U S SepresentatiTo 1n Turkq Admiral Bristol ftO tho h bull t or

all tho Amoriean aaenta in Constant1nople and perrot duties 1111100 c1ploshy

mat1e in character Agreeablo rking relaUone W8lO bullbulltablibed with 1Ir Beek

and 1Ir lloins Adldral Bristol ba11lamp constantly consulted in regArd to their

probl Docents ralaUn to American poliO) 1D the Hear But were rarorred

to him tor hi opinion For a t1ae until the appointment 01 a director

Admiral Bristol repreented the U S ShIpp1ng-_ 1n connection with oparati

01 it ah1pe in thadi8trict aDd aItarwarda be took up ttore tor it with the

AUled authoriU To _tIIll7 cQllbat the cpetittCJll 01 the Ioropean

-nation Who bad tho dvantag of bo1ng on the All1t High COIIIOlew1CJ1l it

realiMCl that bull anoothly num1 ng aacb1ne wae neoenampl7

The toot taok handled b7 the American otficialo in Con8tant1nop1o 1D

1919-1920 the administration ot Aoerican relief tb1 bad to be 1IOltIortohD

bmediatoly tor Mftl cargo hipe bacon arriYinl in Februamp17 1919 The

Aaorican CormIttea tor Selief in tho Noar But oro N wml _ as the Boor

East Seliat origlnal) OlJaDiamped in 1915 to allllfiate the outter1namp of the

oppresed Anllmi and Scentano began pouring in euppliaa porehuod trao- contributiOftO tak1m up in tho United Stotsabull Its ag1nc directltgtr lajor

ilafi_ O ArnOld located at ~ AII ~U_ of $lOOoooooo _ by an act ot CCngre _ed 211 1919 tor til_ nller of tilbull

UMJIji 00lIl1_ of ~ bat DOt IImlIllt1nc tile A-_ s~ _e iIId _r CIrlet1an ad Iew1ahpcgtpulampU or Ada l1nor Iader tile _ or

l

UI1e act the Irea~ appointed IleI1gtUt _r D1Nctor 0-1 or tile Aaer1can j JIal1t AdmlDletraU_ ad authorised the ~D)IIlaquoIt or tile -- Aampdn1etftUon

0ra1n Corporeti to pIlIltIhampo tranaport ad ditrtrlbuw ~h ad MIppllI j to coantr1 requ1r1ng re11r the Cccetantinople urn _ _ coatrolled

acth1U or tile A R A ill rurtcar POUIIwa Serbia JIalPrta _ ad

the Campuc _ or agent ot theae orpntuUona bepn _l1li throoahout

the lIear East and Soutb aued Th Americac Red Cloe a 1Innch of 1IIl1ch had

bean tabl1shed in Turkey in 1911 opened a headquartero tor IIOUtbeaotam

Iuro in Constantinople in J amp) 1920 and engaged ill r81iet acth1tiee amone

Ruaa1an refugees in Constantinople Dreaoe 1I1I1ampor1a and Soutll aulta Prott

an island ot the Pr1Illdpo IlOUI ed b7 the Red eroeo ill tile aperatiODl

carr1ed en at ConItant1noplo Lare _bare of _ abliriI 0

tllZll8cl tgt tbe roliOll afte7 tb worked witll __ -a-tao 1du cAn71lll

on tbeir aieai and IChoolebull

the amp11 rendered art Idnd or 10_ to tile nl1et _i_ -

Admiral Bristol iwle all lWOell8U1 ~ with tile Allied authclr1t1

lie designated DATal omoa to oem port om at~ ~tlnopl

Der1ndje and contan _nla to baDdl reUt eamprIOGa e rar it

ailable transportation turnichod to 1IIpl_ 01 tile aceaot to porta

vieited by na1lal nsel he _po aleo carrled llail r(r all AMri

iIlWta and supplied redio CMOIuniaatton ~SOOOOOO in old lnd traa

~ tile 1000emment or RulIar1a tor American fiour supplied b7 th Grein Corporation

l

-11shy

__ doraquos1ted _ at CcDetant1nop aDd ta tile ran of 1919 - ~ ~ _ tile U s s to toriltbull

bull IIe _ ani8taMe st to ____0 _ oparat1nc ta

bull tile lear ampUf tIgta _ actin of _ _tlr tile 8_0111 au ccaPlllr

of torilt 1Ih1ob bid aD oft1oo ta CooIrtaoUDaple aDIl __ ta Iabt aDIl

tile Balan Stateo __ other panIae aetab]sheo oft1 attr tile

~ of tile rest to -1al actinV A naftl otti l8pN8ated

the United Stateo GO _ A_ated oomtamiddot AdY18017 Tnde _tteo

oeeHng to pronota fair caapetlt1ft praet1eee -g ~_ Gold _ to

pq r procIucto _rtod to the United Statos petioQlallJ tobacee tnugtashy

portaI in Dayal YOeoall the -de of 1IIlc1cb under the 1an aDd regulatlone

eDtitled to eollct a n cooa1bullbull1on far tbi _ceo rr-portat1on

turn1abed to _ -plOJMO of 1al _paobos at the n cbalie of

a1 a dq

I tIgta IIav7 Dell rt 1ftC1 both _ rellf _1oe aDd _ bueineu

coo___ lettora of ~t1oo tounh1 Damp tho ___ bT Adodral

I 1Ir1sto1 b1e 1tat1 aDd bil deetroTer -n lie cood w1ll _t bQ1ltI ap _ aDd bT __ ta _ amput retlectlW in _ att1_ orI ___to _ the United Btateo 1Ih1ob v Uore

~ tllYOrable than tbat hited _ _ IIuropean C01IIIV1M

IJur1nc tile tint part of 1919 _ nampYal detacIMDt ~ three COItrertod II - J JampChto the SCOl]ioo the aDd __ aDd 8Ubcbaa _ 62 126 129

I and 21 _ act1 in the beglnn1Dc ta Orec1ao _tora 11gt CODshyI

- Uon with relif ~t1one pertieWarl- at I1neIlI _ port ot 1_ Alter tile arriYal ot fOU deetVj8lil in IIaJ the operat1001 of the de_to

- _are _1Ye lieu arriYal tollnad bT _ detoc_ of _

I

l

-12shy

ad the 11_ and acae Dr tile BIlbcgtu

-

y _-Conecngt relt br the NSO) Degtartaent ampII to Rrilltol atatwo in Conetantlnople

led to an ~t in hi ooaition At tile tae Dr hisappltgt1_ th

doubt to tile mvioabUlty or ths designation of a flag orfioer bot SectuT -

or tile Navy Joeephuo nn1ela rruled Ben on tide palnt middotntere 1188 alo bull

quo-stlon 83 t-n what the AdIU8l l a relatio-t to the State Department repreaentat1Te

fr Heck lei he The exact capacitr of the latter c_lIIl1cated to h1a br

the State Department on January 21 1919 in a tel8j 1Ih1cb directocl that be

to have no diplomati relatiollB with the TllIkisb coYt that be Ihould

maiItaln friendly r61ntlooe with Ute Allied representatt aDd cooperate witil

ths tht hi chief mlaoloo to P the State Departaant informed about

condition in Turkey and that Adiral llr1tol on hi arrial to tab preshy

--r cedence over bill Aairal Benson contlnned to reel that _ preentatt

re unnecsary and - 1n Pebruary that AdIl1ral 8r10t0l he detached

I i

Barlr in t~B rollortng lIonth 5ecretary Dan1el after a oollSUltaUon with Acting

Secretary of stat gtrank L Polk decided that 8r1tol ahould raaa1n in

Conotant1nople Ir Heck turned to the United State in April becaU8e or ~

middotill bealth and was plaEed a aontb later br an tine _oner vr G B1e

NaYlldal the corurul rel

Further clarification of the BituaUOIl foll_ In dealIng with tile

reproMtoti or the Allt in Conatantilgtople Bristol toWld that be placed

at a disadvantage bCJCAUse hill position as Senior U S RaprHeDtat1n __ not

CDltAd as that or High CcDrdsloner 1Ih1cb was held br the Through pershy

8itenee AdIllrel Bristol oueceeded in largely ltmnCClIIing tbla bindrallc bet

in Julr h ~ cunlcato~ tna ditt1culty to Admiral BeIlBOft and AcltJ1ral

-r-- HetTy S Knapp who had succeeded AdGiral Sias as Poree Coaaander U S Nval

l

0perat1Damp 1ft IuropNn wa- ~ine the op1DioIgt tbampt it the State- ~ bod _the rigb th1namp b7 Ilia 1M oould haVe _pllobed

80th or _ ortioers - tbat IWI poeitiOD OUiIht to be clarItied It

also middotapparent in asb1ngtoo that motion bod eloped between llr1tol

_ Ravndal __ or tIleir 1ll-det1ned relatione _ in -moation - I with the State Deportment In A_t mel on the 12th bull _em aa Rich shy

CcaI1t aiampDed by-the Prea1c1ent issued to Britol In ctoattng

1 thu actien to the Admiral secretary or State LanatJlii tated tbampt 1Ir Rarnda1 mel Other omleular raprasentatio or the United ttataa would be diracted to

port to IWD mel place thl under hia jliraction A Hlgh c-daa1oner

Briatol 1fU resDOJlII1bl to the State DeUtaent and was to rece1 instructlona

rr It 1IIdch to be _UDicated thrOUgh the Deportaent in order to coep--shy

itproper~ _oed_ Aa 5_01 U S RanI Otficer PreBent 1Il1kltI7 be oontinued

_ the Porce ~ or the U 5 Iavallorcea Operattne in IIIropean

j aten who to be the of ccatmlcat1on betzun Briatol and tbe JrIny I

te~

Altbouih 1M bad bean perlDft1nc the duti bete tho otfictl beatowlbull _ Britol or tho rank or High Cuoner enabled IWD in oon3Uncten with

- shy~

hie nan1 -meI to tmction aono ertect1~ Receipt ot tIM _iaa1on

tollcud b7 an announcent to the tract that it MIl - race1Yed At th1a

t1ao tho omlDect1on ot the Swedish Legation with _can trampl 08_ The

appoin_t concentr8ted in the Admiral tuU repoIIIib1llV tor aat6Urdine

-all laer1can interests Since h bed control ot the h1ps ot tIM UniteeS

Statee in thobullbull waters hie _ledge ot the polltical cODdtiona _bled b1III

to _10 thee to the beat mmtage and to he _ in tho r1cIgtt place at

l

I I

-rbullI I I i

fI

i f I I

i

I I I

I I I

c I I

I i

lIIrCoIghtile ber1aan cannlast~ ~ 1Ie1rat

11amp1 _OWl Aleppo and SeInm 0 deetcaa_ b7 the State

~ _ del_tea Or the IIicb ec-1H1_ and throuP _

Aaer1_ - otric1al ard UDDNiclol - IltAt1Gn11C1 In or _11ne in tile reel

lclodral Iritrtol able to keep wll inr~ of occurnmoes in the lntaIlor shy

1ObIbl7 better lntblll8d thaD the other - repnllMIIltaU 1Ibo had 1

_ of _cation Aaer1cano paaotng tbrouib Conetantlncplbull

ol1Rtyenll1l8l_ at the a_To Where the AdIdral- hilloolf _ lbie

olthltgtlglllt increaoed the probl_ on bi benda Subia_tiT a dol_te

010 taUoned at Angora (ADkara) jMCb _ the - capitol of TurIo7 under

the laUonallte

Arter b1a appotn_ AI RIpoundb c-JH1oner Aclodral Brlotol aalntalned

_ a dlplGaatlc and a nnal tatt in the Aaerican abeoS) To the r shy

Mftral aecretartu a __01 attache and a cllltampr7 at_ attached

A counnllor later _ to thi otatt lepuato ruea kapt tor the

_ taffe 80 that in _ the Aclodral obould be rel18ftd ot hi d1p1aaattc

poet lID dlrtlcultT would be _rl_ard the -7 ruee coald be lett-

intact In 1920 the consular _1011 or the IIicb rl icn ed traa

the -887 aucb tc th reliot or the _1Ider or the otatt Ib1cb had _

crowded

be lnfto_t in Ada1ral BrltoJ ot bull dual lIpOD8ibility increlNd hie lIOrIc ard cauHd hill to roque in tbe priJIg ot 1920 autborit7 to dootcnate

0118 or the ottic operatlDi _ bi c_ as cblt ot tatt to _

the cetaU ot adII1n1etor1ng the nnal el hi requt lUI dollied in

that year but en AprlllS 1921 C4pt LJIIIAD A Cotten reported tor dutT

chiet or otatf Eao_t le tbac)ear _ be oucceeded b7

-

I I

-rbullI I I i

fI

i f I I

i

I I I

I I I

c I I

I i

lIIrCoIghtile ber1aan cannlast~ ~ 1Ie1rat

11amp1 _OWl Aleppo and SeInm 0 deetcaa_ b7 the State

~ _ del_tea Or the IIicb ec-1H1_ and throuP _

Aaer1_ - otric1al ard UDDNiclol - IltAt1Gn11C1 In or _11ne in tile reel

lclodral Iritrtol able to keep wll inr~ of occurnmoes in the lntaIlor shy

1ObIbl7 better lntblll8d thaD the other - repnllMIIltaU 1Ibo had 1

_ of _cation Aaer1cano paaotng tbrouib Conetantlncplbull

ol1Rtyenll1l8l_ at the a_To Where the AdIdral- hilloolf _ lbie

olthltgtlglllt increaoed the probl_ on bi benda Subia_tiT a dol_te

010 taUoned at Angora (ADkara) jMCb _ the - capitol of TurIo7 under

the laUonallte

Arter b1a appotn_ AI RIpoundb c-JH1oner Aclodral Brlotol aalntalned

_ a dlplGaatlc and a nnal tatt in the Aaerican abeoS) To the r shy

Mftral aecretartu a __01 attache and a cllltampr7 at_ attached

A counnllor later _ to thi otatt lepuato ruea kapt tor the

_ taffe 80 that in _ the Aclodral obould be rel18ftd ot hi d1p1aaattc

poet lID dlrtlcultT would be _rl_ard the -7 ruee coald be lett-

intact In 1920 the consular _1011 or the IIicb rl icn ed traa

the -887 aucb tc th reliot or the _1Ider or the otatt Ib1cb had _

crowded

be lnfto_t in Ada1ral BrltoJ ot bull dual lIpOD8ibility increlNd hie lIOrIc ard cauHd hill to roque in tbe priJIg ot 1920 autborit7 to dootcnate

0118 or the ottic operatlDi _ bi c_ as cblt ot tatt to _

the cetaU ot adII1n1etor1ng the nnal el hi requt lUI dollied in

that year but en AprlllS 1921 C4pt LJIIIAD A Cotten reported tor dutT

chiet or otatf Eao_t le tbac)ear _ be oucceeded b7

-

-

bull

I I I I

~ I

I

1

-shy

l i

-

_

-lS-

RopIIarD will lIIta1aed VIe _t imtU it d1bullbullontll111t1d in

VIe Irgtrlftg of 1924 The chlet or tatt took Oft tbe cluUbullbull ot p1ann1ng VIe

ot ~ s leauinamp __ olClelll1nepect1ng s ~innc _ 8dJoeUnc d1tt1cu1U into 1Ib1ch MUon cot 1Ib1ch aoual17 caued oon~e

with tore1cn replll8entett and lob requll8CI an ofticer ot rank to 8tI8tctoten

-out and Iwgtdl i copo__mine 1C1lt1De tte18 with the lia7

The ttlant with lurlltey token Ill by the Allled peace eonteronce

at iari in 1919-1920 lntt it got DOIIhere becalee or eventa in TurIcey which

ftre partlJ the result of the action or the oontcrence Secret agreerenta

made during th~ war along the Allies proY1ded or the part1tlon1nc of the

_no of the old Ot-n ~lre Imr1ng a temporary wiUlcIrawal of VIa

Itsllampno tun the peace oonelCnee the Greek preoed a cla1III to Asia inor

and with the authorhatlon of the Auted Suproee COuncil they prepal8CI to

~ ryma 10-~ lIrlt1ah rench Italian and Greek 1IU8h1p11

oeouped the Iluilor forts on ~ 14 _ later tUlIled Oft to VIa l

Greek who occupied the c1~ on the follOlr1og dq II) ordM of PreLdent

lIilaon who a of tbe Allted SUprame COUDCll the United Stetee

battlehip ~rhonaCept J R Jlqton CCDlandlng and tho deot1rs l

0regory Luce and Malllez reached ~ ~ 11 Rear AAIII1ral lIrlotol

bed roached th VIe cIq befo an VIe retum ~ a trip to Beirut 1n the

Nahma fhe captain end the _1ral conferred and on the 12th pureUAlllt

to ordara ~ Vice Adlliral lIDapp Rrloto1 _ed a~ for ConIItautinop1

-acoClllplln1ed by the Luce VIe GrellOry and the strtb11 1Ih1ch had - at

~ on opec1el dut) At _ tloo of 1110 oecuplltlon of ~ the Artone

landed bull legation cuard ot ty 1Ib1h tned on aboro uutll I~ 28

)

shy

~ TIW Arhona oorted by the amez and the _1_ lAoft ~ em - 9 j

tor ConatIInt1nople it r-alnecI o~ bull bon tlae beflgtre retum1Damp to

) the United Stat Ado1tal lr1tol raeardeel the Dreek -Um llIIpol1Uc I aad ~ lind reported that rlean particIpatIon llaIted tbough it

bull _ hod bull ~ effeet on Our Inn_ nth the Tu_ L 1I1111ng17 the Allie rtna11) conted in _ 1920 to the 0 occupation or to

I I Thraoe Th honsll othod employed by the Greek led to the _10_ 1n

August 1919 ot an International Commission or Inquiry 1nto the Oreal Occupation

or 5egtTIa or llhich Adlnlrel Bristol _ Unitod Stateber and praoidont but

nothing was done Wtt~ itt reoort In d1epatch88 to the United States the

AdmIral advised against the dimbenot or TurkO) thi lld create a

new Balkan 11tuation 1nsteBd be believed the eolntion or the Nelr Fut problem

~ in the development of good covemaent tor all races treeclaa ot rel1(ion

and unieraal education He was friendly to tbe Nationalist becauee he

believed the) old provide thobullbull th1nc1 The 1I1thdrawal of the United rtatos

trcoo the peaee canterenee in llhich 1ra1dent Wllaon hod c_eeI in cetUng

recognition at tho _te fJ1nc1plo 1RUI the 81CNl or the Buropeampn counries

to attempt the executiOlJ ot their aecret agreetenta Accordiaely rench forces

replocecl the Rr1tih in S ria and nortlnreat thereot in CUicia 1n til tall or 1919 The Treat) of sres ot Auguat 10 1920 redlC8d Turkoy to tho lirlit

ot Anatolia

WhUe the Allies lm18 d1sposlng of the aftain of Tuncey at ar1s the

turk erfectuating their own plan 1eeI by an -=7 officer ustapha

Kaal the nationalist held rneet1nga at ampneran and fivaa 1n the 1MIler of

1919 and cured control or ~e Par11aoent which met t ronatantinople 1n thebull

ntor o 1919~1920 Tho farl1en~ adopted a nat~onal pact declarini for

-

I

II

I

~ i l i

I i I

II

- J )

tile indep and ~ ofaz1oq lie _asl of b A111_ to th18 to _ UIe loIU to d1uolft b Pvl1_ont to ocuPT COnatanUDople

wltb II1l1tarT tarcu 0Il1~ 151920 and to ampIft8~ _ attonallot

1 could lie fDaDd Id opportwQ nIMd by _ IIatlonal1eu

to t up tlleir - Meat _ futapha leal at ADcora tn _tol1amp

11 17 UIIZ IatlonaUIIt 1 ln _ field to drift _ Ge bGI1

11IIJmamp _ Pre_ rr CU1c1a and UIe Itr1ttah froa laid TIle nattonal

pect and tbe Treat) of ampeYre qalu op_ed 111 tano TIle~ chooe

to outD1oo1oo

A fUrtbor probl_ 111 the har Eaetem 01tuattoo tbe qatl00 ot

Armenia _ bullbull people bad lIMn oppreesed by tile Turk tor _ yean Tben

cone1darable _lit 111 _ United Ste~ tor tile tabllahoeDt ot any 1Dde~ Amenia AltU1ral lIr1tol ret- rr a trip to _ Campucuue

1) 111 UIe __ ot 1919 ~ conv1nood tbet the npubl1ca 1IIllch badIshy - aet up tbon dur1ng tbe ilhoold raoaIu part at Turlr8) and that bCII I I the aattanal po1llt of 91_ tbIrre 1Mgt __ tII1IIc ANWI1a An noanI _ o~oar Colaael _ell _iDtod AWed II1amph ~__ to

Aruenla tbIIt _er Ida aD ter1ng Wedge Uned the AclII1ral for an AIler1can-au A_a 1IIllch Wltnld pt the 1In1tod Stetea 1molftd

lt - po11t1cally 111 til o1_tt 111 _ lear _ TO kMp __nleat1on

wlth Colonel _ell a radio tntf1 ahip oUttonod at Ila_ on _1-- eastern _ ot the Black sea lie acmn at theBolob8rlka torood tile

_ttoo of _ pereomel ot boo II1gIl eai_ aad _ lIear East Reur

tIaa- Ani and _ Campucaeu 111 lq 1m his eftected by the- U S s_

P1ttsbouJh npbip of Vice Admiral I1arIy S IMW then an a crube 111 tbe

~ Black See and _ dostro)el Cole bull bull Pollaow1ng aD _t 91th the Boll_1ko -

the TuJb in tbetall ot 1920 reoccapted A

On the nortbem Ibole ot the Black Sea the ItruQle _6GJ1 the llb1te

Ru8a1Mgta and the Bolalww1IaI _ OIl until the _ or 1920Atter tile deteat

ot tile tOllleJ under Gswral DIn1Idn t the _ ot 1919 and b18 tl1gbt to

Ccln8t8ntinop1e the _nd taken 0f8J by Genenl _rangel ApporentlT at

the euggestion ot Admiral Bristol _ A_nl IIewton A loCull7 U S II

i and a party ot otfi and enl1eted en or the U 8 1IaYy includiDg Lt Ccmdr R Ii Koehler eent into Soutll Ruen early in 1920 on bull epec1a1 mo_

tor tbo State lJepertment tor tbo pUrpose ot keeping the _t iotomecl or

claval_to in that region Transportation 1IU tum1BhIld tile allon by ssell

of BriBtol1S detachment and a deatrarar was etationed OIl the coast ot South

Ruesl4 to asslst it Nail and radio _cation wu conti_IT aalnta1ped

with Adm1rallloCull7 Lt Ccadr lIaIIIllton V BrJan wu deteched by Admiral

lr1atol to _ a lIoCull7 agent at 0deNa he _ alllO to keep Ilrietol

ironroo or bappen1nce lIIten Gegteral raucele cMteat threatened in the crtaa

in 110_ 1920 the u S S Overton was at 5eftatGpo1 Upoa _wing bull

ampaesage rOIl IoCullT Ach1nl Ir1stol t the destrorI Dim D Icboarde

uIphreTo Fax and 1I1ppl troa otller placee in til Black S to tile CrIaea

tor po8s1ble aae in evacuation hese sae1e aDd the St LcQie aDd the

5 lIhich were sent upon rece1v1ng ot tile contimued _anoe ot the

Bolah9vilco took pert witll tile American ete_ehipe ampbT and ahoe in the

evacuation ot ~l Aaer1carus authorised by cCully rrc Odessa SeYaatopol

aDd Novoroeelok ra evacuated beidee lcCullys partT tile bler1can conenle

and tIIoir ltIrohivos representative ot the American Reel creee aDd tile

Y II C AI reliet workers American c1tieno aDd _an refugeee Large

L nbere ot Rnss1 eoldiere and c1v1l1an refuampeee who could expect no roT

I I

)

0 ~ ~1 - j

II bulli

1

l

hal _ ~ __ Oft JlusIliaD 1 aDd _ 8b1pe

Follow1ne iohUon the V S 1IaYT- the ilzecllte oupenia1on ot Lt cdr lIr7a ~ in cariDc tor 100000 _daD rg on

-I e1ampbt7 ~ eb1pII in tile ~I at CoaatImtinop1e 111 tile end of

the T~ of _ pitiabla _lsmiddot bad __polWd to the

cl1mate ot 81aerte TImibullbull 1IhttnI the h1pe 1Ih1cb part ot the old

htperlal _sian Nav- 1I8re leld up tor TH

rz- ita bue in Conotant1nople _ NSBBla ot tile detaclwgtent were disshy

patched tbIoughout _ statioo to cope with _ cond1t1ano 1Ih1ch deftloped

Mlltgttgtlng _ andatica and tile occupaton of Tunlt8) Arter June 1919 when

the detachment middothad been 1ncreaaad to bull Itrenjth 8b1ch penaltted _ etehl1obshy

ant ot ragular patrolling destro718 diatributed on tile coasta of

STria and Palt1ne (lina and Beirut) Duth JlusI1a (S-topol) Caucasus

(Ba_) the nortll OOQt of Aaio Hinor (s) 1Ih1le IUb-cIIasInI oovored

the Qult ot laa1d aDd _ 8OUtllcoast of the See ot ranooro ( ~udan1a)

Anotller deotro7Bl _ u1nte1nod at eoataDlIa or Yamo on the tengt COAat

of the Blaclt Sol ao a radio rela7 oh1p to _eate with Iuro and _

Unlted States and with the seels operatinc in the Ulaclt~ ftIaee aaal

wre 1811_ per1ad1eal17 h7 tile dirtorent obipa abaDg1ng ateUOM a pracUce

oh1ch IIlT8 the an oPportunltT to dalt pi- and tINs kept up _11

DOIala A Nintot oonalotlnK of the detro78ll Ilpoa Tattnall Cole

end 1l1ddle reached eoatant1nople in Aucuat 1919 ftIe eels uignad to

the de_ant rsaa1ned with it onl7 a to 0_ when tb- _re onlered to

s 1gtther stationmiddot accordinc to the 8)8tao then tollowM b) the fta Depor1aent

In the of 1920 tile naTal force in the near Baat 1_led to a

total ot WelTe detroT Prsnt in OCtober ioh Chat_ga scorpion

3~~ i

i1 i

i

~ I

fbull

I I I

- -20-

_ -ro71In MIl _ ub-cIgtaaere 1Ib1le the 5 Loa1a MIl _

daaroJelll an _ wy to CoaaaDUaapla bull M stiq arri_ on

October 19 MIl bull - wlthtba _ tor ~ bull -IT Mlf of

11gt10 par1oc1 - the _m at ~ lInl I) taIIr IIIrlT in 1921 aftar

tba ~ bad ~l1qodda_tba IIh1ta JIQMl ina _

_1amp tha ampIT ~ anted to-- the 1 _ in tile _t

bot the Stata Departllent did DOt tMl it tba pa1bOlcc1oa1 _ II

l8daoUan 1Doa OODdiUCIIlth atW oantuad MIl tba sup- CouDeU

of the All1ea __ to _tbull

In _ tall ot 1921 8801 ot the d_ont - rioit to R_ian

Blaek Sea porto WIlen the _can Reller d atrat1oo -cain 10IIItt to tile

ua1tMDe of etan1ng ~bull l drougbt lldnacl tho _ in tile

Volp region and in tho cI1etI1cta to tho t oing d1Metrou ~

IIh1ch f1nally torced tho Sortt to _1 tor belp middottrca ~ MIl tile 1In1_

stata Accord1nc to an ant of A~ 20 1921 bet poundIn tba ~_

_ MIl the _coo BeUef Ada1n1IotnIt1C11l tho cI1etI1bot1nD of tho

fbodotutto MII other al1ar auppl1ao to be boncDed bJ tho A It A 80

200 aertcans ere middotplaced in charge ot dietr1cte into 1Ih1ob tho taiDe __

di~ COlonel 1111)1 II IIulcell placed at tho beed ot tho organishy

aat10n 1Ih1cb dietr1_ 1n all ftii3OOOOOO _ ot relief -pplt la 111

the par1oc1 mtatalT fon-tng the war the uo1amp_ ot Ye8aole ot tha

__t ~t1ng under AdID1ral Br1atol efflmkld tor tranoportatton

n MIl w lcatiOll pca_ Bee the UnI_ Saw _ oct 1IJC0811ishy

tha Sortt ~nt tho Sate J)apartaent opIned that bullamp-1 rul

t i i

i I

Imiddot i

shy

Aerl naval naaela aboolcl oct amp1gt_ in Sortet porto bot __ that

111 c of ntraordillU) eoS1amp1lCT reliet worItve coold be -Ported 111

3~~ i

i1 i

i

~ I

fbull

I I I

- -20-

_ -ro71In MIl _ ub-cIgtaaere 1Ib1le the 5 Loa1a MIl _

daaroJelll an _ wy to CoaaaDUaapla bull M stiq arri_ on

October 19 MIl bull - wlthtba _ tor ~ bull -IT Mlf of

11gt10 par1oc1 - the _m at ~ lInl I) taIIr IIIrlT in 1921 aftar

tba ~ bad ~l1qodda_tba IIh1ta JIQMl ina _

_1amp tha ampIT ~ anted to-- the 1 _ in tile _t

bot the Stata Departllent did DOt tMl it tba pa1bOlcc1oa1 _ II

l8daoUan 1Doa OODdiUCIIlth atW oantuad MIl tba sup- CouDeU

of the All1ea __ to _tbull

In _ tall ot 1921 8801 ot the d_ont - rioit to R_ian

Blaek Sea porto WIlen the _can Reller d atrat1oo -cain 10IIItt to tile

ua1tMDe of etan1ng ~bull l drougbt lldnacl tho _ in tile

Volp region and in tho cI1etI1cta to tho t oing d1Metrou ~

IIh1ch f1nally torced tho Sortt to _1 tor belp middottrca ~ MIl tile 1In1_

stata Accord1nc to an ant of A~ 20 1921 bet poundIn tba ~_

_ MIl the _coo BeUef Ada1n1IotnIt1C11l tho cI1etI1bot1nD of tho

fbodotutto MII other al1ar auppl1ao to be boncDed bJ tho A It A 80

200 aertcans ere middotplaced in charge ot dietr1cte into 1Ih1ob tho taiDe __

di~ COlonel 1111)1 II IIulcell placed at tho beed ot tho organishy

aat10n 1Ih1cb dietr1_ 1n all ftii3OOOOOO _ ot relief -pplt la 111

the par1oc1 mtatalT fon-tng the war the uo1amp_ ot Ye8aole ot tha

__t ~t1ng under AdID1ral Br1atol efflmkld tor tranoportatton

n MIl w lcatiOll pca_ Bee the UnI_ Saw _ oct 1IJC0811ishy

tha Sortt ~nt tho Sate J)apartaent opIned that bullamp-1 rul

t i i

i I

Imiddot i

shy

Aerl naval naaela aboolcl oct amp1gt_ in Sortet porto bot __ that

111 c of ntraordillU) eoS1amp1lCT reliet worItve coold be -Ported 111

) i lt

- ii~r ~ I

i I

i middot i i

YIIl _oel In Sept-her _ u s s QUa DIIn1ed A R A work to

_oroi8k to tmMt1gate hcU1t1eo tbalw tor MMl reliet wuppli

eDd u 1Dft8t1pUona _ at Odeaaa ~1e __pol

be oubeoltultInt arrlYlll of _ flt rellot 0 was ncmnd bT tbe Sorleto

witb -liV 1Iellot ~te bepD lete in 1921 naohed a peak in

~ 1922 _ pwlIaUy clecll_ tlgte1eater Tbroucbout tble p-locl ~

ot tbo dete_t __ reculer tonre of _ BlecII Sao toucbing at Varna

ConataDoa Odeaoa tlleocloei Iroeelalc Sa_lreblooocl _ 5_ In

tbo 17 part ot _ yeu tbo 81e - 00 tide duty 1nc1_ tbo

CbUda Ooerton SturteYant _ WUU-ooo eDd otter July _ Bulaer

~ llgti Lawrence Lltclltleld Parrott _ Slapeon In _ caucaau tbe

supplie were diatrlblJtecI bT _ lIear Xut lel1ot wbicb etUl actin 1Ji

tbampt region Ibe A R A _ 1to operat1ana in Septaber _ in 00

1933 did _ United Stet u relaUona witb t IJnlcm at 8met SooJoliat

1epobl1C11tolloortnc _ ~atioD of tbo t1IIIt D_ocratic i_ liMe

_ ldar

be _ potioo at ~ resulted in a tnll 0CIIl bo_

Greeoe eDd _ey in 1Ib1cb _ tora euccded ciurlJlc 1920-1921 in saa

bull cCgtnll1derobl part ot ADIltol1a aUillil in tba1r attpt to capture AIlpra

in tIM _r at 1921 tb Oreo tbereater 11gt1_ to treat ~

to til oout Not 1_ ottenoarda _ Pnmch ft817 ot _i bull dlttlcalt

_ jea1OW1 at _ lIrlUah _ a eeparfLte __ty with _ turko

witb_ fCID CUiia and ad tbe northern border ot Syri in _ at

Turky In AJlgDllt 1922 tbo Turke undertook an ortenal aaaiDSt the 0

rooted tbeo _ _ intO tbo Ha and captured tbo t

22middot

- lftie _tftgt NIIiJII _ IcIa1ra1 Brlatol bpt _up1ecI

duriIIg _ ot 1922 ill OOtliWCUon 1dth middota81aD nl1et IICtJltr1Uee _ ltr181t11 i-ld be _ onlT t 1Jftcular 1Iternl8 to IIed1twn_ portio ~ bull I octIICte at - and _to and rr _ the ~ Apt _

ot the prup a ot the Oreoo-TIIft1ob _ warob1pe 1SDt YialU

Ora portio _110 anee the UDl_ StII__ not the - ot

nne Constantine to _ tlUObe ot Greece Dnt_ Mltr1eloo )9 prl81

tM Bulaer Jdaall Lrence Litchtield ScLe1 eh Parrott and SbIpcm

ruebad the Btatloo at _ of JaM peIII1W1s middot the turn to the UDlte4

States in ~ 0 tbe adldB ~ IIchrlaDd Onrton BeabID ~ S-ad

StUlteYant and WnJ1pmwm -Apprised ot the llkel1bood or a eerloua eltuatioo cIenlop1na at ampIyma

- 1Zh1ch Greek aold1elll retupea tlee1Dil Adoo1ral Brietol

ozdered the Lltcbt1ald and tlleSI to that port 17 in ~ 1922

and obortly atterzzard8 the Larenoa nth rallet _e hjIpU_ _ IsU

cIb1r ot atIItr cp_ ~ban1 OIl _ bull bullIzroucIgt _ Acb1ral bull rtarte

bull di8Aatar ral1et _t_ to- brr _ nl1et and ~

ilIat1tlltiOlUl ill CooatISDt1Dople_ a ~t1 nth a Md100zl it

_ to Sa)- Aaer1can aaUOIII landed at Sa)i 011 ~ 6 to

protect ber1 11 and properlJ be TIIft1eh ___ the ltliV OD

_ 9th and tII1aucIgt _t Bristol reg- as iDlNtnc1oet policislg al1caed

a dlaaatiCDo ti to beg1n OD Septeber 13 Under tho bull or cpta1n

IIepbum the IIftC1lamptioo of ler1 froII the otr1Ckea clV IIOdertakeD

the nafampl t6rcea he7 iWZOaad to Ath an _ tho MJI and a

Shlpp1nc Board osl

I

l

22middot

- lftie _tftgt NIIiJII _ IcIa1ra1 Brlatol bpt _up1ecI

duriIIg _ ot 1922 ill OOtliWCUon 1dth middota81aD nl1et IICtJltr1Uee _ ltr181t11 i-ld be _ onlT t 1Jftcular 1Iternl8 to IIed1twn_ portio ~ bull I octIICte at - and _to and rr _ the ~ Apt _

ot the prup a ot the Oreoo-TIIft1ob _ warob1pe 1SDt YialU

Ora portio _110 anee the UDl_ StII__ not the - ot

nne Constantine to _ tlUObe ot Greece Dnt_ Mltr1eloo )9 prl81

tM Bulaer Jdaall Lrence Litchtield ScLe1 eh Parrott and SbIpcm

ruebad the Btatloo at _ of JaM peIII1W1s middot the turn to the UDlte4

States in ~ 0 tbe adldB ~ IIchrlaDd Onrton BeabID ~ S-ad

StUlteYant and WnJ1pmwm -Apprised ot the llkel1bood or a eerloua eltuatioo cIenlop1na at ampIyma

- 1Zh1ch Greek aold1elll retupea tlee1Dil Adoo1ral Brietol

ozdered the Lltcbt1ald and tlleSI to that port 17 in ~ 1922

and obortly atterzzard8 the Larenoa nth rallet _e hjIpU_ _ IsU

cIb1r ot atIItr cp_ ~ban1 OIl _ bull bullIzroucIgt _ Acb1ral bull rtarte

bull di8Aatar ral1et _t_ to- brr _ nl1et and ~

ilIat1tlltiOlUl ill CooatISDt1Dople_ a ~t1 nth a Md100zl it

_ to Sa)- Aaer1can aaUOIII landed at Sa)i 011 ~ 6 to

protect ber1 11 and properlJ be TIIft1eh ___ the ltliV OD

_ 9th and tII1aucIgt _t Bristol reg- as iDlNtnc1oet policislg al1caed

a dlaaatiCDo ti to beg1n OD Septeber 13 Under tho bull or cpta1n

IIepbum the IIftC1lamptioo of ler1 froII the otr1Ckea clV IIOdertakeD

the nafampl t6rcea he7 iWZOaad to Ath an _ tho MJI and a

Shlpp1nc Board osl

I

l

bull

there __ tile tromeadoua job of uatlJlc 2SOOOO 0- nrae-

1Il1o dur1Dc tbe or the t1re _re bomIed onto th _ lIT AMrtcan

0111 be~ could not - lett there tor their _bod_ clelltngt1l _ting 0- ecld1ere and the uriI _ tht UtII

coat_ lllieel ~ officere _ t 1Ditiltecl Ilaptain IIoopbum ( ~ shy it cIec1decI tllet the ~ aclntion tien Tbrough neotiItlOD11

Ilapto1D Hepbum lbo ee lID _can Datal officer lae 1IIIPCgtIgtIllampr with

tile Iuz1ao tIwl tile naTal otficers of the JuropGan powen who re alec on

_ to Oft _ nationals aJIIIn_to were with lurldeb autholltl88

to tbe evacuation ot the nupea and pemiaaion was obtained to uing

Oreelc eel wbicb _lable at DeIIbT loland porte tOl th10 purpoH

heee ope tecI UDder tile direction of AIIIe11can al 01ti00l0 _01 of

_ amptel 5eptemlaquor 16 Cooodr Hal7 owU ot the Ed 1 III eeldi tim v N I

I

------ ~ J

to the deatloyalo olIoady DllDUonecI the Idoell Ptt ~aLelllh ebancI

i the task of _tion guanI1ng _can lnatltuticmll AlII u1nte1D1n1 a

eben patrol bel actiYlti88 atIrIdod to Other porto of Jala 1111101 in

-dch1e1Ui- aloo czvoodod conti_ foI _ be IOlpoattoa ot

tbe 0lMke and lftenIanII trcogt Jala lI1nor as ot tbe __ tolk _ ent in tile warlcI b1etol7 be euo_ ot 8II81al I_eel tbouampand

people Ibn ctltMCIod in porto aalting tnnepoItation to 0 tbrte

i - until they could be abeortgted into the lUe of tllet coointrT pntecI a nUet _

probloa 1Ib1ch wee pu-tlclpatecl in 1gt7 the Neal IUt Reliet the American Rolle

I A~tlIt1on tile _ Red CIo1Io aDd the U S 1147

SpuITed lIT the1l Ylctollebullbull tile urk 118Cbed CD ConIItllDtinople witb tile

object ot ennc eeeteIn 1I1JampCe trcogt the aJ88ke Depito the toot thet

~ tbq - tanding Ilone the IIIlUeb bIo1Ieht in lorp 1ntoenta IIDd I

I l

011 the1rntent1 to cIe_ the lI_ta 1Iblcbbad

I I

_ lared bull

nntral in the Allied proclMaUon ot trelit) or 1921 Paaoetul

-thOde _aUoid be and aD uti a11J1 at 1Iudan1a GIl

OCtober ll 1922 tollaoo1Dc 1IIdcb tbre re_ to the IJIb tar bull thellar1taa Riftr -4 a oall 1_ tor bull oonfebullbull_ to lie bald at I_~

I

to take Gftr Thrace otoppecl in ccmatonUDople Oft the Wamp7 rea1Md bull lIOiItb

and toolc over ita CltmI- han the A111ea n1e Sultan Mltatelgt

dapoeecI and bull _ later TurIte7 bee- bull republlc with IIwrtaplla 1-1

the tirot prealdeDt

Attar the tall ot ~ tile _can naval detaclll8nt in Tvldeh _tare i _tlr etrengttlenedl A_rel Brietol bad __ tear that bullbull1mlushy

i Iy- aataatrophe might happen at ccmatontlnopla and rec_ retnrOJOlOlta

Deetroyer Divie10n bot CCIft81et1l ot the Ba1nbr1c1g 2 Gilloar Bat1lAld I

I I I

1opc1na and loDe and Dirtalon ill COD81at1ni of the IaJTT l i ibull Jlcllarland Onrton and S~ laft ~ lload on Go- 2 and

inacNid~tant1nopla on the 22nd deetID7W re __ Jridp -4 I

ithe Denebola tolland Iflth twnt)- deetrOtare in the de_eat Acb1rel lt

Palaat1ne the rurIdah IIlampdI Saa porta and P1rac8 G_ i l i At the ~OD or VIe Stata Depar It Alrel Brlatcl at_ the f

I nrat _on of VIe lA_ coot_Me rr ~ 26 1922 to ebnarr 4

19231 bie OCIlleagu Richard W Child Alllbuaador to ~ and Joeepb C r I Grww II1n1etar to Sw1toarland Al~ ther were onl7 middoto_re ther Ii

resulampr vi81ta _ at the IIed1tarranun porta or natol1a Srr1amp _

I~ toOk a plOllinant port in the procedinge During tho airel- abaeIIce rna

l I bull J

011 the1rntent1 to cIe_ the lI_ta 1Iblcbbad

I I

_ lared bull

nntral in the Allied proclMaUon ot trelit) or 1921 Paaoetul

-thOde _aUoid be and aD uti a11J1 at 1Iudan1a GIl

OCtober ll 1922 tollaoo1Dc 1IIdcb tbre re_ to the IJIb tar bull thellar1taa Riftr -4 a oall 1_ tor bull oonfebullbull_ to lie bald at I_~

I

to take Gftr Thrace otoppecl in ccmatonUDople Oft the Wamp7 rea1Md bull lIOiItb

and toolc over ita CltmI- han the A111ea n1e Sultan Mltatelgt

dapoeecI and bull _ later TurIte7 bee- bull republlc with IIwrtaplla 1-1

the tirot prealdeDt

Attar the tall ot ~ tile _can naval detaclll8nt in Tvldeh _tare i _tlr etrengttlenedl A_rel Brietol bad __ tear that bullbull1mlushy

i Iy- aataatrophe might happen at ccmatontlnopla and rec_ retnrOJOlOlta

Deetroyer Divie10n bot CCIft81et1l ot the Ba1nbr1c1g 2 Gilloar Bat1lAld I

I I I

1opc1na and loDe and Dirtalon ill COD81at1ni of the IaJTT l i ibull Jlcllarland Onrton and S~ laft ~ lload on Go- 2 and

inacNid~tant1nopla on the 22nd deetID7W re __ Jridp -4 I

ithe Denebola tolland Iflth twnt)- deetrOtare in the de_eat Acb1rel lt

Palaat1ne the rurIdah IIlampdI Saa porta and P1rac8 G_ i l i At the ~OD or VIe Stata Depar It Alrel Brlatcl at_ the f

I nrat _on of VIe lA_ coot_Me rr ~ 26 1922 to ebnarr 4

19231 bie OCIlleagu Richard W Child Alllbuaador to ~ and Joeepb C r I Grww II1n1etar to Sw1toarland Al~ ther were onl7 middoto_re ther Ii

resulampr vi81ta _ at the IIed1tarranun porta or natol1a Srr1amp _

I~ toOk a plOllinant port in the procedinge During tho airel- abaeIIce rna

l I bull J

N~_~_ ~ bull ~~~__gt-gt-gt _~ - _~$lt_ ~v~~~

-ci

- 2$shy

Conatant1nople rtdrie R Dolb6are Ii~ retary or be bertean lIIobuoy3 ~

et Berlin acted u H4th Comcdaa11)or while Camppta1n HfJpbtam took CCMIlAnd or

I

1 _ I oS tha U S NAval lorce8 Europe in August arr1Ted At Constantinople onj i tJw ~~Ib~ bOron Bristol f ~ departUTe and rema1ned stationed at that place

4)fn lr~= 192 All t ne destroyers then under h1a cCl8Wyenl wore serving in

ttv Nr)t poundss t g t1utelOtlS fOlosign 1~h1pt1 were also moored 10 the Bosporus

J~ hamp2~ ecnccrn1nc Ilampttern 8rfampct1~g Atner1can int9roste

rJltt r caty 0 LaUP-871rnl ot Jcll 24 1923 find eupplementary Cltftvtmtiolll

shy I

6 nfimat1on of the Syrao ~yier ~ upon llitb rnnce in 1921

l81j t-tOtam~a -(Iraq) Arabia Syria and Palbullbulltine wera recoinbed as 1ndeshy

P8-tdCl1t of 1~rkey whUe Libya Egypt I the Suda~ and Cyprus we-e renounoed~

M cJcballgG of populpound1ions WB8 agreed upon ~tween Gre~ axl Turkey by which-j 0 I t1(1 r~hjJCtc of tho ono 1 the other were to be I61M)Yed The Onited State

I shyOle not it P_lrty t1 t-i s tNaty because it had not bMn at war with 1uriceysI

I 1 gt cd c~l its negotntion it could do 11Otb1T1ft exeept make bull treaty an the i I

6 ampgtn02 ~ftl1 ) Mfilllne ir3tr JCt1on~ trom Seeretampr ot State Hugbtia who 1

Il

II

I I

~-j

t

L

- 26 -

Chilt ot al Operati polDtec1 COl he uinteDanoe ot eo here was

I eer101111 tra1n the ruoltIlCeII ot he _ leet Kerthel tile

~

or _ notion and the opWon or tiledietion of tile etr1cer 10 _

Stete Depo-t allowd to ~ tbe 10 or the torel 10 pnrioo

JUrII ldldral middotonamp reported the 8i_ioo 1t1ll-dalicate at tile and ot_bet 1922 ~ to be _ eerioua if a blk Ihoold ooeur 10 the

eentarence t Laoeanne The eonterence did ~ak up at tile begim10g ot

FbruaI7bull AdIIIiral Brietol returned to COnatant1nople bot neeotiatlcne

1I8no UI08d at Lausanne 10 April the ldll1ral not nturn1nc With_ I amppproYal of the State Depaltllent elllt detlO)88 1nclud1Damp the Bamp1nbridge I

I Opk1ns McFarland OnTton And Sturtefant were 80nt haDe in HI) and

anotheJ group of au ccapria1ng the Barrz ~ Gilaer ~ Batt1eld and

i departed 10 July In the fomonth tbe Pittsburah aleo lett to rilt

other European perte R_lning thereatter I1cht 4otro the

soorpon the Brite and be IlaMbole Sinoe tbe Turccgt-AMriean treaty

_till bell11l negotiated 810ca the llli had not yot ncuated

COnIItantlnoplo _ 10 uin em the otatioa for a while

- l longer

contant1oople was to be _ to Tul1ltey the Straits were to be

da1l1ter1Md and 011 to all nat accordlnc to tbe t_ conshy

ntiona 1be SftCuat10n of Conotantlnoplo boilon on lueut b 192) the

ell) tollowing he celpt of the - or the ratlf1Caticn ot the Treaty or

Laueame bJ the Tul1ltisb Grand Rational Aeeeoblyen at AIIpoundOIamp pltod

without dllturbanoo on October 2 _ the departure of Geheral Rarrillilton

tho Allled c_dor-1n-chiet and the last of the Allled rOOPS lefore

~ tile pltion ot the Allied w1thdampwal Dr Adnan Bey th re~entsthe

- 27shy

III ~ of the TlIrIIUII __ or 1pmiddotatta1ro lnd1cate4 to

I

I I

tdodral IIIlnal _ U ___ tile AMri Dampftl _Mla ~

et 0 __ of _ amplll OOCI- aalT SCOI]1a bull

_ __ Lltcllt1eld and middot1Hiwi_ at ~ _ 0_ ~ - _ t CII11etnc 111 be Aegean 111 _ to a1d _ ~t UIe1r preoenoo 1I1amp1gtt _ ca_ On October 4 1010 dare

berore _ lIlriE to enter the c1t7 the 148t or the ft88~ 01de

_ 1010 _~ be1og eent to report to the CcIImander JIaftl orcebullbull

1Urope

Thno out or opect tor thefeli of the lIlriE our 81

activiti at Constantinople ereatlT oed Following a __

dation ~cat- b7 Admiral 1Ir1atol __ the or October thet tNt ~ uae of the nayal ban at CcmItentinople be cIcon~ a cont_ ocourrec

__ rapntatiTe8 or the Deportaampt and the stta Deportaent in

1Ih1ch it _ dec1- tNtt detat andoralS -troot- a _I the SCorpOIi -lei bio _tinn- in the rec1on the U 8 IIampftl Deta_

Ia8tern IlaclternIMeIl _ thet the 01__ -old ftvi_ III iz IIOnthe

In cIe81ring the unum- or naYal eel in the eutarn al-1terreJ-bull the Stata IIoIparment 1ntl_ b7 _t1oM III _ fc7pt and the

JIIIlId4ted tarr1tor1 The U S 81 De_ ilUtIrn _tarraneen

wae 81tabl~ cb OIl 11- 6 The Dampftl IIUPlgtlT _ at Conetant1nople

_ clacoat1Jagted the IrUPlna iIto be1ni tren8portad to the Unit- stat

en the Bridge and tI Denebola The ba1l~ IWtIl_ tow tnr

etorlrIamp perta balnag1nc to the ampcorpion 1Ih1ch to retalnec for

the WI or the Adodral for _ for the __t poe~ o~

and for offibullbull euppl1 aY the oprtnc of 1924 polit1cal canclt10ne 1n the

0

_ middotBUt boil 4u1eW _ _ the io_gtIItlOll of the datocl lilt

-sar the -1nlncmiddotdeatro7Ve conlliatiaa of the ampiI-r 1eIbullbullU

QJeeIo MoConIick hrrntt _ 6llooflO __ tnonatorrad to tile c-ander

1IaYIl Porcu Iwopit 6bull AQo1ral Brlatol naval statf reduced

baton long to _ aidee lampPtamp1n Hapbana bad racampDtlJ been dataoIoed

the chief ot statt and the middotaaa1atant chief of ltatt Lt Cltadr Kaas C

Ilnkaid _ o~ 1IIltU the _

For OYer _ J8ampft 10_ AQo1ral Br1stol Md at Cooetantlnople

US Rielgt c-lsllioner peronnng dlplaoaUc duUu Had til treatT

ntll turllte7 ot 1923 been ratltled Ie 1IOIlld baTe beegt repl_ 117 an bushyi

_r In Doc_or 1923 the Acb1rel MlOt1eted an _t ntll r1IrIter

tor tile aettlt ot c1alea In 1925 tile Stoat Dopartolent nlling to

~ part ntll h1a _cu but Prellident Coolidge requested hlIl to contlnue

bellmng _t hi_ inn and aperl 1IDUld be belptal to AIIurlean

interests Lator _t rear be _bilmiddotOIIl7 Yillit to the United Stat while

middoteerrinc it in Conetantinaple ViOl AcIolralJlDprWeUa during a Yieit to

tllat plalte in 1926 found Aclolral Br1stol to be popular _ both the t~

pt_tatln and the r1IrItUh ottlc1amplbull_ ling one til lettor

lnfluence _ to Deme In _t 1926 Lt eodr Webbl middot 0]1 111M be

been aide to the Adm1rel for Wo J8ampft ase1cned to h1a d1plcaatlc

tart as naval attacbe to r1IrItey lIDlgarla __ma Under lnatructloDa

trw the State Dopa_t Airal Bristol Bed in Pabruar) 1927 tor the

exchange ot aotas prov1dlnc for the establ1n It ot d1plaoatlc relatl_

be_ the Wo COIIDtr1e At last be ral1_ trca bie poat at

Cooetant1noplo in tbe tollonng _til _ all ad to _lete hi aaYll

career in an appropriate _r Tioe aaat_t _ he bad _ted to

bull

bull

-

-

~ shy

-

t

shy

tmdurI tor only a few Ilontha bad - longth_ bT CODdit1cma in the Near

Eaat to a period ot over eight years R18 IUccebullbullor in Turkey bbasoador

Joeph C Grew

Bristol subeequent career in tile Navy included two iIIportant signshy

bullbullnts PlltlIiI 1927 to 1929 be COIIIIUIItder-in-ch1et of the U S Aliattc

neet with the rank of admiral and the PitteburJll as flagohip or the next

three yean he dealt 111th higher naval probl as a ber and cha1l1U1l

of thltgt General lJoald Atter hi retirement in 1932 he engaged 1n private

0-08ioo in WaShington untll his death in 19)9

or Admiral Brietolls eervicee Secretary of Stato C~lell Evane Hughes

In)te Tha success and achievement or Aclniral Bri~tol in representinB

~ioan intreste in Tur)ey tbrouch amp long and difficult period have been

1gnal and i ~ 1bullbull plure for me to cont1rm what llUot already be 11

1m to your Department lJSIlell that the dit1ngu1hed naval officer bas

bullbullrved a cHplocat with equal distinctionmiddot

-

r

0

bull

1IIIII00IWIIf

-shy

-a _t

-

I

- c t bull

--~-~

otnee ot iM SecfttU7 of iM 1Ift) shy--l me 111 tIgt1II ftle _ oh1efl7 of iM tollowlDa ro r iM 1M 191amp-1926 ~ of ___ _N _ diopa__bull _ of1lb1ch or1a1JIaW in Aampdftl1lr1eto1 beedquarten

7024 _1amp 82Sl ~

288$6 U s IIaftl ro OperatlDc in bopeeD terti 1nclwliDamp aater1al _nd trooa Ad81ritl Br1atol

be oat 1p1t1cant papero __ tile tontcolDc til_ iM fo11OlllDamp

Br1ato1 llark L Brief aen ot llaval loUI1t1_ tb1 c-ond0 Sbullbullrtazoy ot tile Bu- OOt 6 1920 9 p SO ru 288i6-6l1u) u 5 laval Detac_t in turk1ah Wtera c-nder Amual Report to

Camoanderbullbullbullval Forces Europa lli 21 192) 11 p SO me 288$6shy724

Bristol IIark L Pero0llAl1tter to 8ecrataJ) ot the 1Iny KdJr1n Donb7bull bull av 22192) 10 p SO me 82Sl-lSS7

o S 1181 Deta_nt Iaatem 1l1Od1- amp-l JWport to CcgtDmor lIaval r 1Uropa Jalr 16 1924 7 p SO ru 288$6shy7))

Ottice ot val _ aDd Libnz7 5ubject me ft-- 1918-1927 lbio t1le 1amp OMpOMCI chien7 ot papero takwn trooa tile row of iM beadquarten of tile U S IIaval Detao_ in TlUidah waters _ ot otber aater1al _W trooa tile (oneral me of the Office ot iM Secretar7 ot iM 1IaT7 be papero nu 1ft __ to those in tile o-al ru of iM omce ot tile 8eaftteI7 ot iM 11ft)--17 deecribedl 0DDt01 _er __teIial-DOt cIIlplicaW in that t1le SIcentticeDt papero tOl1Dll in thl t1le 1JJDl_ iM tol1ow1

Br1etol IIari L Letter to Aampdftl _Oft Jalr U 1919 6 p atRL lIT-IIr1etol Rear Aampdftl-lereoDal Corroi~

Britol IIark L be Oparat1oD ot tile U S IIaftl r_ OparatlDc in - IluterD wateral I~ to ~ of tile I bull hb 20 1920 9 p atRL ftoparat10D0 ot U S IIaftl - in IIetir Iaatem Waters

Ur1etol llark L Letter to Aclodrol SIIuJ 1Iq S 192O 7 P caL ft shyBriatol Rear 1ampdftl lark L-PeroOllAl CW~_

Ur1etol _ L Letter to Se_tarT of 11ft) Oft -7 pertoraed b7 Rear Adoiral Mark L IIr1etol O 8 17 aiDoe (raquotalDlDc Pre_t Rank Jalr 18 1920 S p 0lIIIL ft-llrletol Rear Aclodrol IIark L-1artIoDal CorroapoIld

iIr1Btolbull _ L be Situation A-I Loot_ Dal1yarec1 at tile IIaftl War Collegeport R I bullbullbull 20 1925o 33 p atRL ft-War Diary Jul7--Dec 1925

0

bull

1IIIII00IWIIf

-shy

-a _t

-

I

- c t bull

--~-~

otnee ot iM SecfttU7 of iM 1Ift) shy--l me 111 tIgt1II ftle _ oh1efl7 of iM tollowlDa ro r iM 1M 191amp-1926 ~ of ___ _N _ diopa__bull _ of1lb1ch or1a1JIaW in Aampdftl1lr1eto1 beedquarten

7024 _1amp 82Sl ~

288$6 U s IIaftl ro OperatlDc in bopeeD terti 1nclwliDamp aater1al _nd trooa Ad81ritl Br1atol

be oat 1p1t1cant papero __ tile tontcolDc til_ iM fo11OlllDamp

Br1ato1 llark L Brief aen ot llaval loUI1t1_ tb1 c-ond0 Sbullbullrtazoy ot tile Bu- OOt 6 1920 9 p SO ru 288i6-6l1u) u 5 laval Detac_t in turk1ah Wtera c-nder Amual Report to

Camoanderbullbullbullval Forces Europa lli 21 192) 11 p SO me 288$6shy724

Bristol IIark L Pero0llAl1tter to 8ecrataJ) ot the 1Iny KdJr1n Donb7bull bull av 22192) 10 p SO me 82Sl-lSS7

o S 1181 Deta_nt Iaatem 1l1Od1- amp-l JWport to CcgtDmor lIaval r 1Uropa Jalr 16 1924 7 p SO ru 288$6shy7))

Ottice ot val _ aDd Libnz7 5ubject me ft-- 1918-1927 lbio t1le 1amp OMpOMCI chien7 ot papero takwn trooa tile row of iM beadquarten of tile U S IIaval Detao_ in TlUidah waters _ ot otber aater1al _W trooa tile (oneral me of the Office ot iM Secretar7 ot iM 1IaT7 be papero nu 1ft __ to those in tile o-al ru of iM omce ot tile 8eaftteI7 ot iM 11ft)--17 deecribedl 0DDt01 _er __teIial-DOt cIIlplicaW in that t1le SIcentticeDt papero tOl1Dll in thl t1le 1JJDl_ iM tol1ow1

Br1etol IIari L Letter to Aampdftl _Oft Jalr U 1919 6 p atRL lIT-IIr1etol Rear Aampdftl-lereoDal Corroi~

Britol IIark L be Oparat1oD ot tile U S IIaftl r_ OparatlDc in - IluterD wateral I~ to ~ of tile I bull hb 20 1920 9 p atRL ftoparat10D0 ot U S IIaftl - in IIetir Iaatem Waters

Ur1etol llark L Letter to Aclodrol SIIuJ 1Iq S 192O 7 P caL ft shyBriatol Rear 1ampdftl lark L-PeroOllAl CW~_

Ur1etol _ L Letter to Se_tarT of 11ft) Oft -7 pertoraed b7 Rear Adoiral Mark L IIr1etol O 8 17 aiDoe (raquotalDlDc Pre_t Rank Jalr 18 1920 S p 0lIIIL ft-llrletol Rear Aclodrol IIark L-1artIoDal CorroapoIld

iIr1Btolbull _ L be Situation A-I Loot_ Dal1yarec1 at tile IIaftl War Collegeport R I bullbullbull 20 1925o 33 p atRL ft-War Diary Jul7--Dec 1925

-

ilI1tOn J B Capt Senior JIaftl Om Preeent V S laftl _ US S Arisono sna Uia l1nor middotGreek ~t1 ot ~

~ jbull ~ i

middot1 i

Aria II1no1-reJgtOit of-to date IIq 16 1919 6 p OIIIL 1Ifshyi J i

I L f

~

liai1rnI~t1oDa iD Hepburn A J capt ~ upon sna to (cwnander 11 S middotlaftl ~_t iD IIn1Ih atAre Sept 2 1922 L6 p OIIJU IITshyIiai1rnI ~ Sept 1922

liar 1liarT March 192O-Doio 1925 crorua oopi -tlT shy bf tIa 1a17 Depu _~

IIH1dy IIepolU Feb 1919-V1yen 1924shyllicrofila copie recentlT ada bf tile 11amp17 ~

i Bureau of Naval Personnel

t i

Log book of the Ariscna _ St Louie sc~on 1919-1920 OfIicer Record ot IIiiiIC L BrltOl me 110~ Orr~e Record of Iyaan A Cotten File 110 2022

i orIi of the Judge Ad90cate Oenoral RIYal _Ding Boampid beord of Marie L Br1atol

t Reellt Lewis Jur 9 1943

Intervl

Ir Heck Turkish Secretar) at tile AIIerican Kmbampsey in Constantinople betore the war namiddot1ned tbere during tbe 1IU

until Janua1) 1 1918 aod od as U s c-ln blta Dec 1918 to April 1919 During 1920-1923 he traYallod llUeb 1D the ar Iaat partlyen on gerican da~ repre-t1Dc an _can lIIlaiDe concem

aod m 1923-1933 _ape 1D lIIlIiDea 1D ~ Re 1 ~ II) the eollt and _tic 5uney 1Ir Reellt reod the-er1pt

Lamtt Arthur B __ 7 ancI 9 1943 1Ir wrttt 11_ TUrIr1Ih Secretory at Conatant1bople prior to the war aod ~ taPgod iD bUa1nea ntll a Br1Ulb concarc there lie 1 CIIif of the Di_ ot Cormerce ~t Archtbullbull tile llational Angth1 1Ir xorttt reod the uacript

_rican IU1tary Million to Angten1a IIltport

266_to_t~tb7TW~~~ llliirboard p Serial

AJanrican ational Rod Croaa ADDUampl Report 19191920-1921192S ffi~h1ngtoo 1920-19267bull

AAarican Relier Aa1n1otration

Serial shyM0rY Helen Tho Rusa1a that I Inn OdeB 189S-1930 LondGll 19)2 B6chhoter C E In DOii11dJii e RUB ana the 5Ueampaus 1919-1920 London 19210

I i

bull~

IiI

I

J i I

-

i

I

- lt bull

-)shy

_ If LM ~81noe 1911 bullbull t 1932 _ K ampSiWii~aampl LlaUOIUI with Sowiet _1amp M1Clldpn

XXII (1Iorcb 1924) JalIIJ6

i

bull

coa_ Z J _ IntMnrlt1aD sa - Ul8-1m

1917-19))1 on Interpreta~ion IIVIII (JUDe 19)4) )67-409

AMri roretp s-n Journal (March 19)5) JJ-LgtU L66-l~ 1111=118

Hodgson J I Horton

IIVII (FebB1amp~~ 1Ialter ~~~~~i~~Aa~8~r1=oanIIa~n1~Dli~ CurreD~ Hbtory

I

1IJde Cbarl CHDe7 ClgtarlM _ 1I1ojbe _ary at Saa IIanh h 1921 ~ IIareh L 1m (1Itt MoIr1con _art o~ Saa m I ed bf

us1 F 1IIIIla) I Y 1929 p zuIi6) B_ R I 1Itt ParUtton at ucz bull Dlpl_Uc Rltorz 1913-192)

IoDlllll 19)1Lanc- Walter C N Y 19)5 bull Lybfar Albert B bcorltI in lUrk CIJrNn Rltorz

1Il (reb 1924) 8ai-6lo

~ bl1ot ~~=i=Ser1al

192)

_____bull Iejgtort ~ CoIgtcrua 1924 ft Y 1925 La p

the tl ~ Uipal-tment or

=lretro 1934-1938 shy1 ~ ~aY DepArtment v-liDirectorz 1919-l921bull bull aah1natoD1919-1927 U Shipping lkgtard Anru eport8 1919=192G llaab1ngton 1919-1924

-

Ishyc- -0 shy

bull

shy

I

- lt bull

-)shy

_ If LM ~81noe 1911 bullbull t 1932 _ K ampSiWii~aampl LlaUOIUI with Sowiet _1amp M1Clldpn

XXII (1Iorcb 1924) JalIIJ6

i

bull

coa_ Z J _ IntMnrlt1aD sa - Ul8-1m

1917-19))1 on Interpreta~ion IIVIII (JUDe 19)4) )67-409

AMri roretp s-n Journal (March 19)5) JJ-LgtU L66-l~ 1111=118

Hodgson J I Horton

IIVII (FebB1amp~~ 1Ialter ~~~~~i~~Aa~8~r1=oanIIa~n1~Dli~ CurreD~ Hbtory

I

1IJde Cbarl CHDe7 ClgtarlM _ 1I1ojbe _ary at Saa IIanh h 1921 ~ IIareh L 1m (1Itt MoIr1con _art o~ Saa m I ed bf

us1 F 1IIIIla) I Y 1929 p zuIi6) B_ R I 1Itt ParUtton at ucz bull Dlpl_Uc Rltorz 1913-192)

IoDlllll 19)1Lanc- Walter C N Y 19)5 bull Lybfar Albert B bcorltI in lUrk CIJrNn Rltorz

1Il (reb 1924) 8ai-6lo

~ bl1ot ~~=i=Ser1al

192)

_____bull Iejgtort ~ CoIgtcrua 1924 ft Y 1925 La p

the tl ~ Uipal-tment or

=lretro 1934-1938 shy1 ~ ~aY DepArtment v-liDirectorz 1919-l921bull bull aah1natoD1919-1927 U Shipping lkgtard Anru eport8 1919=192G llaab1ngton 1919-1924

-

Ishyc- -0 shy

bull

shy

the tl ~ Uipal-tment or

=lretro 1934-1938 shy1 ~ ~aY DepArtment v-liDirectorz 1919-l921bull bull aah1natoD1919-1927 U Shipping lkgtard Anru eport8 1919=192G llaab1ngton 1919-1924

-

Ishyc- -0 shy

bull

shy