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Ассоциация Европейских Приграничных Регионов (АЕПР)Ассоциация Европейских Приграничных Регионов (АЕПР) Európai Határ Menti Régiók SzövetségeEurópai Határ Menti Régiók Szövetsége (EHMRS) (EHMRS) Associació de les Regions Frontereres Europees (ARFE)Associació de les Regions Frontereres Europees (ARFE)

Black Sea Economic ForumBlack Sea Economic ForumYalta (Crimea)Yalta (Crimea)

4-5 October 20124-5 October 2012

CBC on Tourism:CBC on Tourism:

A sustainable approach to A sustainable approach to developmentdevelopment

The Association of European Border RegionsThe Association of European Border Regions

(AEBR – AGEG – ARFE)(AEBR – AGEG – ARFE)

CBC is a story of CBC is a story of Multi-Level Governance Multi-Level Governance

and assymetriesand assymetries• 50+ years of “formal” CBC; 50+ years of “formal” CBC; centuries centuries

of “informal” and “abnormal” CBCof “informal” and “abnormal” CBC• Laboratories for European IntegrationLaboratories for European Integration• Central Europe (Rhine basin), Northern Central Europe (Rhine basin), Northern

Europe, Mediterranean regions, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean regions, Eastern Europe and far beyond (Caucasus), …Europe and far beyond (Caucasus), …

• Global CBC for Global Challenges: Latin Global CBC for Global Challenges: Latin America and AfricaAmerica and Africa

CBC CBC structures structures

in 2011in 2011

• Insertar mapaInsertar mapa

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European experience European experience shows:shows:

• Supranational integration processes Supranational integration processes does not guarantee cohesion in very does not guarantee cohesion in very diverse territories. Their own dynamics diverse territories. Their own dynamics strengthen more developed areas strengthen more developed areas ((territorial dumpingterritorial dumping). ).

• There is a need of a There is a need of a “positive “positive discrimination”discrimination”: territorial cooperation : territorial cooperation programmes and projects (programmes and projects (InterregInterreg) to ) to enhance enhance economic, social and economic, social and territorial cohesionterritorial cohesion..

DiversityDiversityfrom being an obstacle to create from being an obstacle to create opportunitiesopportunities

Various:Various:• Cultures and social systemsCultures and social systems• Administrative structures and powersAdministrative structures and powers• Fiscal and social legislationsFiscal and social legislations• Many other political activitiesMany other political activities

… … meet at the meet at the bordersborders

• Citizens have grown up in very different Citizens have grown up in very different environmentsenvironments

• They will not sacrifice aspects of everyday They will not sacrifice aspects of everyday lives for the European ideallives for the European ideal

• No State will alter its tried and trusted No State will alter its tried and trusted structuresstructures

Objective: Critical MassObjective: Critical Mass

• CB regions cover half of their potential CB regions cover half of their potential areas of influenceareas of influence

• CBC makes easier to achieve a critical CBC makes easier to achieve a critical mass: synergies, efficiency, joint planning mass: synergies, efficiency, joint planning and managingand managing

• Creation of CB influence areasCreation of CB influence areas• Creation of alliances for joint sustainable Creation of alliances for joint sustainable

benefitsbenefits

CBC Added ValueCBC Added Value

• (Pan-) European(Pan-) European(Continental)(Continental)

• PoliticalPolitical• InstitutionalInstitutional• Socio-economicSocio-economic• Socio-culturalSocio-cultural

Socio-economic added value

• Mobilisation of endogenous potential• Participation of economic and social

actors• Opening up of labour market• Additional development• Lasting improvements in Spatial

Development• Improvement of transport infrastructure

Socio-cultural added value

• Dissemination of knowledge• Overview of CB region in maps,

publications, teaching material, …• Circle of committed experts• Equal opportunities and extensive

knowledge of the languages

Specific added value to implement EU 2020

• Additionallity• Synergy• Joint Research and Innovation• Networking• Benchmarking• Spin-off effects• CB resource management

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implementEuropean strategies (I)

Creation of CB infrastructures (also maritime) as physical precondition for

CBC to create growth and employment:

• Spain/France,• Sweden/Finland/Norway,• Alpine area,• external borders of the EU,• etc.

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (II)

Further promotion of growth and economic development in addition to

national development

• CB area Ireland / Northern Ireland;• Germany / Belgium / Netherlands (new

jobs);• Spanish / Portuguese (risk capital fund);• Bulgaria and Romania (CB business

card).

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (III)

New CB business relationships between producers and suppliers

• Network of the Chambers of Commerce in Northern Greece / Bulgaria;

• Czech Republic / Germany (Saxony);• German / Danish border;• French / German border along the Upper

Rhine;• Hungarian / Austrian border.

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (IV)

New cooperation and sales opportunities for Small and Medium-

sized Enterprises (SMEs)Operational within a radius of 200 km,

extending to the neighbouring border region:

• Northern Greece: entrepreneurship centre for the Balkan and the Black Sea states;

• Finnish / Norwegian / Swedish border: the Arctic Investors Network;

• Spanish / Portuguese border: forum of entrepreneurs.

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (V)

Establishment and improvement of CB public transport links (buses, railways) for the benefit of citizens, commuters and

tourists

• Austrian / German border close to Salzburg• Triangle Germany (Bavaria/Saxony) / Czech

Republic: CB public transport system including throughout tariffs;

• Swedish/Danish border: common public transport across the Oresund Bridge

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (VI)

CB tourism concepts and projects :

• Lake of Constance (Bodensee)• Germany (Bavaria) / Austria• Poland/Lithuania: joint touristic Service Centre• Galicia / Norte: touristic map for

Spanish/Portuguese area• Tatra (Poland/Slovakia) (Carpathians)• Joint touristic marketing and promotion in

Ireland/Northern Ireland and the Pyrenees (FR/ES)• Joint touristic strategies for Kent (GB) and North-

Pas-de-Callais (FR)

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (VII)

Greater catchments areafor business activities and services

…as research facilities and universities, waste disposal, recycling and infrastructure facilities

They would not reach a critical mass, or not even be available at all in border regions, if there were no

CBC

• Joint Research Institute for New Rehabilitation Techniques

• Centre for Microscope and Spectroscope Analyses (both in EUREGIO, DE / NL border)

• Cooperation network of universities in Oresund, (DK / DE) and in the CB region South Tyrol / Tyrol (IT / AU)

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (VIII)

Additional synergies and spin-off effectsCooperation of universities, colleges of further

education and other educational institutions

• Cooperation of universities Strasbourg, Basel, Freiburg in the Upper Rhine region

• In Lorraine/Saarland• In Friuli-Venezia Giulia with their neighbours

in Slovenia and Austria)

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (IX)

Sustainable CB management of the environment and environmental

protection

• Extremadura / Castilla y León /Portugal• The Pyrenees• Germany (Bavaria) /Austria• Austria / Czech Republic• Poland / Ukraine / Belarus• Baltic States / Russia / Belarus• Belgium / Netherlands / Germany

Evidences of CBC specificadded value to implement European strategies (X)

CBC as model for "new governance“

• Everyday and everywhere in Europe• Through Euroregions and similar structures• They practice subsidiarity, partnership,

networking, benchmarking, neighbourhood, etc.

• … in spite of different languages, structures, competencies and laws on both sides of the border

Conclusions IConclusions IAfter 2013After 2013::

• New opportunities for genuine CBC. New opportunities for genuine CBC. 5th cohesion Report 5th cohesion Report recommends to continue (and increase) Territorial recommends to continue (and increase) Territorial Cooperation, in particular CBC. Cooperation, in particular CBC.

• Treaty of Lisbon Treaty of Lisbon also recommends a special attention to also recommends a special attention to CB regions.CB regions.

• The European Parliament has recommended that TC The European Parliament has recommended that TC receives receives 7% of Cohesion Fund 7% of Cohesion Fund (Sánchez Schmid’s report, (Sánchez Schmid’s report, Pieper’s report) Pieper’s report) (but latest news: € 5,5 B cut on (but latest news: € 5,5 B cut on Cohesion Policy, strong reaction)Cohesion Policy, strong reaction)

• Extension of CBC outside the EU borders:Extension of CBC outside the EU borders:- European Eastern Partnership, ENP, and far beyond

(Caucasus)- Processes in the Mediterranean basin, the Americas, Processes in the Mediterranean basin, the Americas,

Africa and AsiaAfrica and Asia

Conclusions IIConclusions II• New challenges for CB structuresNew challenges for CB structures: :

- promoting “hot” issues (R&D, reconversion, labour promoting “hot” issues (R&D, reconversion, labour market, CB healthcare, …).market, CB healthcare, …).

- Old wine in new bottles? The risk of “dying of Old wine in new bottles? The risk of “dying of fashion”: euroregions, EGTCs, macroregions (fashion”: euroregions, EGTCs, macroregions (Black Black cat, white cat, …cat, white cat, …))

- The EU legal instrument EGTC has to be improved by learning from lessons up to now

• And also for Networks!And also for Networks! (AEBR, MOT, NEEBOR, Baltic, (AEBR, MOT, NEEBOR, Baltic, Black Sea, Mediterranean, …) Black Sea, Mediterranean, …) (Benedetti: old answers for (Benedetti: old answers for new questions?)new questions?)

• More exigences for local and regional levels:More exigences for local and regional levels: pre- pre-condition for successful CBC (and more social participation). condition for successful CBC (and more social participation). Political will and participationPolitical will and participation..

• The The StatesStates involved should also promote CBC (with their involved should also promote CBC (with their own budgets) in own budgets) in new functional spacesnew functional spaces..

• No new competences, no new administrative levelsNo new competences, no new administrative levels..

Association of European Border RegionsAssociation of European Border RegionsEnscheder Strasse, 362Enscheder Strasse, 362D-48599 Gronau (Germany)D-48599 Gronau (Germany)Phone: +49-2562-70219 – Fax: +49-2562-Phone: +49-2562-70219 – Fax: +49-2562-7025970259

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION

Photo: Kazimierz Branny, Czech-Polish border, 8th July 2006Photo: Kazimierz Branny, Czech-Polish border, 8th July 2006

info@aebr.euwww.aebr.eu