BSc Zoology Honours & General Syllabus Midnapore College

B.Sc. (H) ZOOLOGY

THREE-YEAR FULL-TIME PROGRAMME

(Six-Semester Course)

COURSE CONTENTS

(Effective from the 2014 Admission)

Midnapore College (Autonomous)

Govt. Sponsored :: Affiliated to Vidyasagar University Re-Accredited by NAAC in 2012

Grade:A :: CGPA 3.58 (4-point scale) Midnapore 721 101 :: West Bengal :: India

Website : www.midnaporecollege.org

Phone/Fax : ( 03222 ) 275847 / 267315 E-mail : [email protected]

[B.SC CURRICULUM, SEMESTER SYSTEM] ZOOLOGY [Honours and General]

Midnapore College (Autonomous) 2

COURSE STRUCTURE

Year Semester Papers (50 marks each )

Theory Practical

1

1

ZHT101 Animal Kingdom Animal Diversity

Taxonomy & Systematics

Paper-1 ZHL102 Paper-2

2

ZHT201 Animal Kingdom Life Process and special features of Non-chordates and Chordates

(including Comparative Anatomy)

Paper-3

ZHL203 Paper-5 ZHT202

Cell Biology Histology and Histological Techniques

Cell Physiology

Comparative Physiology

Paper-4

2

3

ZHT301 Parasitology Microbiology

Applied Zoology

Paper-6

ZHL303 Paper-8

ZHT302

Genetics Immunology

Paper-7

4

ZHT401 Ecology and Environmental Biology

Natural Resources, Wildlife and

Conservation Animal Behaviour

Paper-9

ZHL403 Paper-11

ZHT402 Molecular biology

Mammalian Physiology and Endocrinology

Paper-10

3

5

ZHT501 Biotechnology, Biosafety and Bioethics

Biophysics Computational skill and Bioinformatics

Biostatistics

Paper-12

ZHL503 Paper-14

ZHT502 Biochemistry

Bio techniques & Instrumentation Paper-13

6

ZHT601 Evolution, Adaptation and

Animal Distribution Developmental Biology

Paper-15 ZHL602 Paper-16

Question Pattern

Theory papers

Type Marks Number Total

Group-A 10 Marks 2 questions to be answered out of 4 20

Group-B 5 Marks 2 questions to be answered out of 4 10

Group-C 2 Marks 5 questions to be answered out of 10 10

Continuous assessment processes 10

Total 50

Practical Papers

Laboratory bench work including Field work (if any)

40

Laboratory Note Book Viva Voce

Including Continuous assessment processes 10

Total 50



Semester-1

ZHT101 (Paper-1) Animal Kingdom Animal Diversity, Taxonomy and Systematics

Lecture

hours

Animal Diversity 1. Levels of organization

a. Unicellularity vs multicellularity, Colonization and organization of germ layers. b. Division of labour and organization of tissues (Brief fate of germ layers). c. Development of coelom: Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate organization. d. Radial and bilateral symmetry. e. Segmentation and cephalization.

2. Unicellular and multicellular organization: Salient features with examples of phyla, subphyla and class. a. Unicellular organization: Animal-like Protist Phyla. b. Multicellular organization: Colonization level- Phylum Porifera.

c. Multicellular organization: Division of labour (Cell differentiation)- Coelenterata. 3. Triploblastic acoelomate and pseudocoelomate organization.

a. Acoelomate organization - Phylum Platyhelminthes. b. Pseudocoelomate organization Phylum Nematoda.

4. Triploblastic coelomate organization a. Animals with metameric segmentation- Phylum Annelida. b. Animals with nail-bearing lobopod Phylum Onychophora. c. Animals with jointed appendages- Phylum Arthropoda. d. Animals with mantle: Phylum Mollusca.

e. Animals with enterocoel: Phylum Echinodermata. 5. Diversity of invertebrate larvae. 6. An overview of minor phyla. 7. Phylum Hemichordata. 8. Phylum Chordata

a. Subphylum Urochordata b. Subphylum Cephalochordata

c. Subplylum Vertebrata (1) Super class: Agnatha- Class Cyclostomata (2) Super class: Gnathostomata

(a) Series Pisces (Cartilaginous and bony fishes) (b) Class Amphibia (c) Class Reptilia

(d) Class Aves (e) Class Mammalia

Taxonomy and Systematics

1. Definition of taxonomy and relationship with systematics

a. Zoological nomenclature: Definition and importance, Binominal and Trinomial System. b. Brief knowledge of ICZN codes, principle of priority, synonymy and homonymy, Type

concept.

c. Kinds of taxonomic characters: Morphological, Embryological, Cytogenetic, Biochemical, Numerical.

d. Kinds of Zoological classification: Components of classification, Linnaean hierarchy. 2. Concepts of species: Typological, Nominalistic, Biological, Evolutionary species.

3. Concept of Cladism.

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ZHL102 (Paper-2) Laboratory Course

[Based on ZHT101 (Paper-1)]

Animal Diversity

1. Levels of organization in Animal kingdom

a. Symmetry: (a) Asymmetric organization: Amoeba (b) Radial symmetry: Sea anemone / Aurelia (c) Bilateral symmetry: Planaria / liver fluke

b. Acoelomate: T.S. of Planaria / liver fluke (permanent slide/ Photograph) c. Pseudocoelomate: T.S. of Ascaris (permanent slide/ Photograph) d. Coelomate : T.S. of Earthworm (permanent slide/ Photograph) e. Segmentation:

i) Pseudosegmentation: Tapeworm ii) Metamerism: Earthworm

2. Animal Diversity : Identification (Museum Specimen) a. Protozoa : Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium b. Porifera: Scypha c. Coelenterate: Hydra, Obelia colony, Aurelia, sea anemone and any one coral d. Platyhelminthes: Planaria, liver fluke and tapeworm e. Nemathelminthes: Wuchereria, Ascaris-male and female f. Annelida: Neanthes, Aphrodite, earthworm and leech g. Arthropoda: Tachypleus, Silverfish, ant, beetle, dragonfly, butterfly, spider, Peanaus,

Macrobrachium, centipede, millipede h. Mollusca: Chiton, Pila, Aplysia, Lamellidens, Sepia, Loligo and Octopus i. Echinodermata: Starfish, brittle star, sea urchin, sea cucumber, feather star

j. Hemichordata: Balanoglossus/Saccoglossus k. Urochordata: Ciona l. Cephalochordata: Branchiostoma m. Cyclostomata: Petromyzon, Myxine n. Pisces: Chodrichthyes: Scoliodon, Sphyrna, Torpedo o. Osteichthyses: Echeneis, Hippocampus, flying fish p. Amphibia: Hyla, Ichthyophis, Tylototriton q. Reptalia: Chameleon, Hemidactylus, Gekko, turtle/tortoise, Naja naja, Vipera. r. Aves: Pycnonotus, Dinopium, Passer (stuffed specimen). s. Mammalia: Bandicota, mega- and microchiropteran bat (stuffed specimen).

3. Identification of bones with reasons :

a. Skull of Bufo, Rana, poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, Chelonia, Columba, Cavia. b. Vertebrae of Columba and Cavia. c. Appendicular bones of Columba and Cavia. d. Girdle bones of Columba and Cavia.


1. Preparation of taxonomic keys 2. Identification of unknown specimen supplied, based on the morphological characters (down to taxonomic level as far as possible). Laboratory note book Viva voce



Semester-2

ZHT201 (Paper-3) Animal Kingdom Life Process and special features of Non-chordates and Chordates

(including Comparative Anatomy)

A. Life Process

1. Movement and locomotion a. Amoeboid movement b. Ultra-structure of cilia and ciliary movements

2. Nutrition a. Types of nutrition: Autotrophic and heterotrophic.

i. Apparatus for nutrition: Food vacuole ii. Animals without alimentary canal, ex. Amoeba. iii. Animals with incomplete alimentary canal, ex. Hydra. iv. Animals with complete alimentary canal, ex. Bird.

b. Brief account of physiology of digestion in vertebrates and symbiotic digestion in Ruminants.

3. Respiration: Types of respiration (cutaneous, branchial, tracheal and pulmonary), Respiratory pigments.

4. Circulation a. Types of circulating fluids: Water, coelomic fluid, lymph and blood. b. Types of circulation: Protoplasmic streaming, open and closed circulation, single

and double circulation. c. Hearts: Types, heart in Daphnia, cockroach.

B. Special features in Nonchordates: a. Protozoa: Skeleton and Reproduction.

b. Porifera: Canal Systems, Spicules. c. Coelenterata: Polymorphism, Types and theories of formation of coral reefs. d. Helminthes: Parasitic adaptations in Helminthes. e. Annelida: Metamerism, Excretion and Reproduction. f. Arthropoda: Vision and Metamorphosis in insects. g. Mollusca: Shell, foot modification and Torsion. h. Echinodermata: Water Vascular System.

C. Special features in Chordates: a. Exoskeletal structures and its derivatives: in fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals

(scales, feathers, hairs, hooves, horns, claws etc.) b. Integumentary glands in vertebrates. c. Tooth structure and position. d. Circulatory system: Evolution of heart and aortic arches.

e. Respiratory system: Gill, skin and lungs, accessory respiratory organs in fishes, air sacs in birds.

f. Nervous system: General plan and comparative account of brain. g. Brief idea about hearing and balancing organs. h. Excretory system: Comparative anatomy of kidney in vertebrates. i. Skeletal system: Types of Skulls, jaw suspension and vertebrae. j. Swim bladder in fishes.

k. Neoteny and Axolotl larva. l. Snake venom.

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ZHT202 (Paper-4) Cell Biology

Histology and Histological Techniques Cell Physiology

Animal Physiology

I. Cell biology and cell physiology

A. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Organization: 1. Plasma Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model, Concept of fluidity and asymmetry, basic functions. 2. Nucleus: Structure of nuclear membrane and nucleopore, Nuclear Lamina, Nucleolus and

NOR, euchromatin & heterochromatin, chromosome & chromatin, packaging of chromatin. 3. Mitochondria: Double membrane structure, Cristiae, ATP Synthase, physiological function,

Mitochondriogenesis. 4. Golgi Complex: 3D Structure, physiological function, GERL system. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum: SER, RER & Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Physiological function

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6. Lysosome: Polymorphism in Lysosome, Enzymes, Physiological function. 7. Structure & function of other cellular Organelles: Ribosome, Chloroplast, Microbodies,

Proteasome, Centrosome & Basal Bodies.

B. Cytoskeleton, composition and organization of- Microfilament, Microtubules and Intermediate

filaments.

C. Cell physiology 1. Cell Reproduction: Cell Division - Molecular Events of Mitosis and Meiosis; Cell Cycle-

introduction and ideas about cellular and molecular events and their control. 2. Protein trafficking and Intracellular transport: endomembrane system, secretory pathways,

signal peptide and targeting of proteins into different organelles, basic concept of vesicular transport: coated vesicle.

3. Membrane Transport: Active transport, Passive transport, Facilitated diffusion, Bulk Transport, Membrane channels voltage-gated, ligand-gated, membrane pumps and carriers.

4. Cellular communication: Concept of ligand and receptors, autocrine, endocrine, paracrine

and contact-dependent communication, G-protein coupled receptors, Receptor tyrosine

kinase.

II. Histology and histological techniques

1. Organization of eukaryotic tissue- ICAMs, collagen, integrins. 2. Variety of animal tissues- epithelium, connective tissue, nerve, muscle, bone. 3. Histology of major organs- pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, liver, testis and ovary.

4. Histological techniques: Fixation and fixative, Preservation and tissue processing; Dyes/Stains: Types and properties, commonly used stains/dyes: Eosin, Hematoxylin, Janus Green, Trypan Blue, Leishman, Metyhelene Blue. Routine Eosin-hematoxylin double staining; Counter staining, Mordanting and Mordants.

III. Comparative animal physiology

1. Homeostasis: External and internal environment; Acclimation and acclimatization; Control systems in Biology: Feedback mechanism; control of blood glucose level as an example.

2. Excretion, Osmotic and Ionic regulation: Osmoregulation in vertebrates; Ammonotelism,

ureotelism, uricotelism and guanotelism. 3. Thermoregulation: Ectothery vs endothermy, temperature balance; Heat production

(Shivering and non- shivering thermogenesis, brown fat- special thermogenic tissues in

mammals) and heat loss; Adaptive response to temperature- Daily torpor, Hibernation, Aestivation.

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[Based on ZHT201 (Paper-3) and ZHT202 (Paper-4)]

1. Dissection: a. Cockroach :

i) Major: a. Salivary apparatus (with Hypopharynx), b. Nervous system, c. Male reproductive system;

ii) Minor: a. Mouthparts, b. Digestive system c. Female reproductive system.

b. Rohu : i) Major: a. Afferent branchial arteries, b. IXth and Xth cranial nerves (origin & distribution). ii) Minor dissection: a. Brain, b. Pituitary gland. iii) Mounting of Ctenoid scale of fin fish and Placoid scale of Scoliodon. iv) Study of swim bladder and ARO (in situ, demonstration only).

2. Cytology

a. Use of microscopes- handling, adjustment and care. b. Uses of stage and ocular micrometer for cellular measurement. c. Study of cell organelles with the aid of electron micrographs.

d. Staining of mitochondria with Janus green in buccal epithelium. e. Study of meiosis in grasshopper testis (staining and identifications of different stages of meiotic

division). 3. Histology

a. Tissue fixation, embedding, microtomy, routine HE staining and mounting of histological tissues (such as liver, thyroid, kidney, ovary and testis) of mice/rat/guineapig.

b. Identification of mammalian histological tissue sections: tongue, spleen, bone, liver, pancreas, thyroid, kidney, adrenal, ovary, testis, stomach, duodenum, jejunum and lung.

Laboratory note book Viva voce



Semester-3

ZHT301 (Paper-6) Parasitology Microbiology

Applied Zoology

Parasitology 1. Concept of Parasitism. Types of parasites and hosts. 2. Life Cycle: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparfum, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense,

Wuchereria bancrofti, Fasciola hepatica, Pediculus sp. 3. Vector biology: Types of vector, Organs related to disease transmission, Control of

Mosquitos, Ticks, Mites. 4. Host Parasite interaction: Structural and physiological adaptations of parasites, general host

immune response (immune effector mechanisms). 5. Epidemiology: Definition and concept. Case studies: Malaria and Filariasis.

Microbiology

1. Organization of viruses and bacteria: a. Bacteria: Cell wall, envelope, ribosomes, endospore, capsule and slime layer,

glycocalyx, flagella and pilli. b. Virus: Capid, envelope. Bacteriophages. Retroviruses.

2. Brief ideas on Achaean, Virion, viroid, virusoid and Prion. 3. Classification of viruses and bacteria: Bacteria: Based on - cell shape and arrangement, -

nature of cell wall, - flagella and pilli; Virus: Based on their genome and strand type. 4. Bacterial Growth: Bacterial Growth Curve, factors affecting growth; culture media: defined

media and complex media, solid and liquid culture media.

5. Control of Microorganism: Physical control [Heat sterilization (autoclave), Pasteurization, Radiation Sterilization, Filter Sterilization]; Chemical control (Sterilants, disinfectants and Sanitizers, common antibiotics and antivirals).

6. Microbial diseases: Viral: Hepatitis, AIDS; Protistan enteric disease: Giardiasis; Bacterial disease: Typhoid fever.

7. Application of microbes in food industry: Fermented milks, cheese and breads.

Applied Zoology 1. Fishery:

a. Concept of fishery resources: Aquaculture, Pisciculture and Fishery, Fresh water, marine and brackish water fishery; capture and culture fishery.

b. Fin fish Culture: Polyculture, basic technique for carp culture. c. Shell fish Culture: Prawn culture, Pearl culture.

d. Breeding Programme: Induced breeding, Hapa breeding, Bundh breeding, Ecohatchery.

e. Pathology: Common fish diseases and their control. f. Common byproducts.

2. Apiculture: Products of apiary, Problems of apiculture. 3. Sericulture: Types of silk, silk moths and their host plants, Problems of sericulture. 4. Poultry: Breeds, management techniques and diseases.

5. Animal Husbandry: Breeds of Cow, goat, Buffalo. 6. Pest and their management:

a. Concepts of different threshold levels.

b. Common pests of stored grains, Paddy, Cabbage, Brinjal, Sugarcane and Mango and nature of damages caused; Life cycle of Sitophilus oryzae, Leucinoides orbonalis.

c. Pest control and management: Cultural, Chemical (Pesticides- types and hazards), Biological, Bio-ecological, IPM.

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ZHT302 (Paper-7)

Genetics

Immunlogy

Genetics 1. Laws of Inheritance

a. Concept of Genotype and phenotype, homozygote and heterozygote, gene and allele, dominant and recessive, mutant and wild type.

b. Mendels principles of inheritance. c. Concept and application of probability in relation to Mendelian inheritance, Punnet

square. 2. Deviation from Mendelian Inheritance: coupling and repulsion, Semi dominance, co-

dominance and over dominance; Penetrance, Expressivity; Concept of Polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy.

3. Allele Concept:

a. Concept of cistron and pseudoalleles. b. Multiple Alleles - coat color in rabbit, eye color in Drosophila.

4. Linkage and Crossing Over: Cytological technique for detection, types of crossing over,

concept and mechanism of crossing over, calculations related to 2- and 3- point mapping. 5. Mutation: Point Mutation- Classification, Mutagens- Physical and chemical. Numerical and

structural changes in chromosome, non-disjunction. Lethal alleles and its types; Detection of mutation: Ames Test, ClB and attached X-method.

6. Microbial Genetics: Transformation-competent bacteria, competence factor mechanism of transformation; Transduction- generalized and specialized transduction; Conjugation- Plasmid, episome, F-factor, Hfr, F, sexduction. (concept only, excluding related mapping)

7. Sex determination and Sex- linked Inheritance: a. Sex Determination System- Chromosomal sex determination, Environmental sex

determination. b. Sex determination in Drosophila -genic balance theory, molecular regulation.

c. Sex determination in human-Role of Y chromosome, Dosage compensation, Barr body.

d. X-linked and Y-linked inheritances. e. Sex limited and sex influenced characters.

8. Extra chromosomal Inheritance: Mitochondrial and Chloroplast genome.

Immunology

1. Components of immune response: a. Innate: physical, chemical, cellular, inflammation, fever

b. Acquired: humoral and cell mediated 2. Cell, lineages and organs: Development and differentiation of immunological cells from

Hematopoietic Stem cell; NK cell, Dendritic cell, Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Lymphatic system. Primary Lymphoid organs, Secondary Lymphoid organs.

3. Antigen: Antigenicity and immunogenicity, factors contributing to immunogenicity, epitope and agretope; adjuvant and haptens.

4. Immune receptor molecules: Antibody - Gross and fine structure; T Cell Receptors-

structure; Major Histocompatibility Complex- structure and types. 5. Antigen-antibody interaction: Basic concepts, affinity, avidity, cross-reactivity, precipitation

and agglutination

6. Antigen processing and presentation: outline idea of endogenous and exogenous antigen presentation.

7. Immune effector mechanism: Cytokines, ADCC, Complement (Components), Phagocytosis, Opsonisation.

8. Vaccination: Concept of passive and active immunization, Strategy for preparation of vaccines.

9. Immunotechniques: Gel diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, RIA, ELISA, FACS.

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Parasitology 1. Study of gut contents of cockroach for parasites (Fixation, staining & identification) 2. Identifications (systematic position and specimen characters only) and clinical importance :

Entamoeba, Giardia, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania, Ascaris (male and female), Wuchereria, Fasciola, Pediculus.

Microbiology 3. Aseptic culture techniques: composition of common culture media. 4. Gram staining and acid fast staining of bacteria. Applied Zoology

5. Study of under mentioned morphological characters in dogfish, Sting Ray/Skate, Pomfret, Lata and Rohu. a) Shape of the body and body compression

b) Total length and Standard length c) Body colouration d) Position of the Mouth, teeth and Jaw suspension e) Pelagic or benthic

f) Fins g) Spines and rays

6. Identification of common food fishes, crustacean, shellfishes (at least 8 species). 7. Animal husbandry :

a) Poultry Layers (Leghorn), Broiler; Colorimetric estimation of protein in two different varieties of hen eggs (Country/ Farm) Biuret or Folin Lowry method.

b) Poultry rearing : Selection of eggs, hatching, incubation, brooding, sexing, vaccination

c) Poultry housing: Free range system, Semi-intensive system (deep litter system and individual cage system).

d) Cattle breeds; To measure the density of milk by Lactometry. 8. Study of life cycle of honey bee and silk moth

9. Visit to nearby Poultry farm/Animal Husbandry farm/ Apiary/Sericulture /Fish farm / Fish Landing Center/Fish Processing Industry.

Genetics

10. Study of genetic inheritance in Drosophila. 11. Pedigree Analysis of Autosomal, X-linked and Y-linked characters.

Immunology 12. Blood grouping ABO and Rh systems. 13. Study of organs of immune system from photomicrograph Thymus, Lymph nodes and Spleen.




Semester-4 ZHT401 (Paper-9)

Ecology and Environmental Biology Natural Resources, Wildlife and Conservation

Animal Behaviour

Ecology and Environmental Biology

1. The Environment: Physical environment and Biotic environment. 2. Ecosystem: Structure and function; Primary and secondary productivity; energy flow;

Decomposition; food chain and food webs; Auto- & heterotroph-based Ecosystems. 3. Biogeochemical cycles (C, N, S). 4. Population ecology: Attributes of a population; Factors influencing population dynamics:

Natality, Mortality, Migration; Growth curves, Survivorship Curves; Population regulation: density dependent and independent factors; Basic concept of life history strategies (r and K selection).

5. Community Ecology: Nature, structure and attributes of biological communities, Concept

of Habitat and Ecological Niches, Ecotone and edge; Ecological Succession: Types and mechanisms.

6. Types of Species interactions: Intraspecific and interspecific associations. 7. Pollution: Sources and impacts of pollutants.

a. Sources, effect and management of air pollution, Acid rain, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion and global warming.

b. Sources, effect and management of water pollution c. Sources effect and management of noise pollution d. Sources effect and management of heavy metal pollution- Lead and Mercury

Natural Resources, Biodiversity and Conservation

1. Biodiversity- Utility; Megadiversity countries; hotspots, IUCN Red list categories Version 3.1

2. Wildlife management: Definition, importance and threats to wildlife. Wildlife (Protection)

Act; International organizations and legislations. Overview of Criteria of schedules in Indian Wildlife (protection) Act(1972). Brief programme of CITES, WWF, MAB.

3. in situ and ex situ conservation: Seed bank, Sperm bank, Sanctuaries, National parks, Biosphere Reserves.

4. Natural resource management: types, Depletion of natural resources and their conservation.

Animal Behaviour

1. Basic Concepts and patterns of behaviour. 2. Innate and learned behaviour:

a. Innate release mechanism and fixed action pattern. b. Types of learning- habituation, trial-and error, imprinting.

3. Concept of kin selection, inclusive fitness and evolution of altruistic trait.

4. Primary and secondary defense, individual and group strategies. 5. Social behaviour: Communication: Types and channels; Living in groups, Eusociality. 6. Biological rhythm.

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ZHT402 (Paper-10) Molecular biology


Molecular biology

1. Chemistry of Nucleic Acid: Phosphate, Sugar, Bases & bonds between them; Watson Crick

base pairing Bonds between Nucleic Acids. 2. Structural Variation of DNA: A, B & Z DNA; Structure of Plasmid DNA.

3. Types of RNAs: rRNA, mRNA, tRNA; Structure of t-RNA, siRNA, miRNA. 4. Replication of DNA: Semi conservative Nature (with experimental proof), Bi-directionality;

Process: Brief enzymology, Proof reading; Comparison between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Replication.

5. Repair of DNA: Outline ideas 6. Transcription: Organization of Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Genes, Structural components,

Initiation, Elongation & Termination in Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic (Pol II only) Transcription. 7. Co- and Post transcriptional modification in Eukaryotes. Life of m-RNA. 8. Translation:

a. Genetic code- Properties, Nature, Universality, Wobble Hypothesis. b. Activation of t-RNA- Specificity of the enzyme with the t-RNA anticodon site and

the amino acyl site. c. Initiation- Basic mechanism, comparison between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes(

Elongation & Termination) 9. Regulation of Gene Expression: Prokaryotes: Operon Control mechanism and types, Lac

operon, Trp operon, 10. Recombination: Molecular mode of recombination Holliday model. 11. Special Enzymes: Reverse transcriptase, Telomerase.


1. Respiration: Structure and function of haemoglobin, gaseous transport. 2. Excretion: Structure of nephron and mechanism of excretion of nitrogenous wastes.

3. Neuronal transmission: Structure and type of neurons, Membrane potential, action potential and nature of nerve impulse, transmission of impulse.

4. Types and structure of different types of muscle, Mechanism of muscle contraction. 5. Endocrinology: Definition and classification of hormones, Structure and functions of

endocrine glands in mammals: Pituitary, Hypothalamus, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Endocrine pancreas.

6. Reproductive physiology: Types of female reproductive cycles (estrous and menstrual). Endocrine regulation of male and female reproductive system, Endocrine regulation of pregnancy, Placental hormones, parturition and lactation in mammals.

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Ecology and Environmental Biology 1. Determination of pH of soil. 2. Estimation of free carbon dioxide in water. 3. Estimation of DO in water. 4. Determination of LC50 for a pollutant.

Animal Behaviour 5. Study of interspecific association between cattle and egrets by ad libitum sampling method 6. Study of orientation and taxis in Rice weevil. 7. Study of foraging behavior duck and preparation of time budget.

Molecular biology 8. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method.

9. Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine method. Mammalian Physiology and Endocrinology

10. Blood : TC, DC, ESR.

11. Determination blood clotting time. 12. Determination of Hb content in man using Haemoglobinometer. 13. Determination of body mass index. 14. Vaginal smear preparation for determination of stages of oestrous cycle in rat/mouse (demo).

Report of Zoological Excursion/Study Tour Laboratory note book Viva voce



Semester-5

ZHT501 (Paper-12) Biotechnology, Biosafety and Bioethics

Biophysics Computational skill and Bioinformatics

Biostatistics

Biotechnology, Biosafety and Bioethics

1. Introduction to Biotechnology: Basic idea and scopes 2. Recombinant DNA Technology:

a. Vector: Types- Based on sources and purposes. b. Enzymes- Restriction endonuclease and other DNA modifying enzymes.

c. Cloning: in vivo- Transformation and selection, in vitro- PCR, RT-PCR d. cDNA and Genomic DNA library e. Application- Production of Insulin and Growth Hormone.

3. Molecular Techniques: Southern Blotting, Northern & Western Blotting, Chromosomal

Walking, DNA fingerprinting. 4. Introductory ideas on Animal cell culture.

5. Idea of laboratory safety: safe handling of chemicals, instruments and samples. 6. Preliminary ideas about bioethics.

Biophysics

1. Diffusion and osmosis-significance in living system. 2. pH and buffer- biological relevance.

3. Radioactivity and isotopes-application in biology. 4. Thermodynamics- Laws, Concept of Entropy, Enthalpy, Gibbs free energy. 5. Energy in form of wave- Electromagnetic spectrum, properties of light and sound.

Computational skill and Bioinformatics

1. Operating System, Control Panel, Networking Configuration; Security and safety issues:

Virus, Malwares, Highjackers, Antivirus and Firewall setting. 2. Browsing and safe searching on web. 3. Importance of bioinformatics, Biological database: types, searching and retrieval of specific

literature from literature database, retrieving nucleotide and protein sequences.

Biostatistics

1. Classification of Variables. 2. Concept of population and sample: sampling methods. 3. Representation and organization of Data: Frequency distribution, pie chart, bar diagram,

Histogram, X-Y plot. 4. Measures of Central tendency: Mean, Mode, Median and their computation; Quantiles. 5. Measures of Dispersion: Kurtosis, Skewness, Standard deviation, Variance, Standard error

and their computation.

6. Testing of Hypothesis: Degrees of freedom, Null hypothesis, Level of Significance, Tailness; Parametric Test : Students t-test; Non parametric Test: Types of Chi-square test, Chi-square test for goodness of fit.

7. Outline idea on Correlation and Regression.

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ZHT502 (Paper-13) Biochemistry

Bio techniques & Instrumentation

Biochemistry A. Biochemical Foundation

1. Atom, molecules and ions. 2. Principle of bonds and bond energy, Covalent and Non-covalent bonds. 3. Water- Properties as biological solvent, polarity of water, ionization of water.

4. Carbon- importance in biological system. 5. Reaction Equilibrium- Le Chteliers Principle, Mass action Law. 6. Stereochemistry: Optical isomerism, isomers and types; Configuration and conformation. 7. Concept and calculations related to normality, molarity, and molality.

B. Biomolecules

1. Carbohydrates: a. Monosaccharides - classification, structure and conformation, reducing and non-reducing

sugars. b. Disaccharides -Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose.

c. Polysaccharides- Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin, Hylauronic acid, Heparan sulfates d. Mucopolysaccharides.

2. 2. Amino acids and Proteins:

a. Amino acids: Structure and properties, concept of zwitterion and isoelectric point b. Primary structure- Peptide bond; Secondary structure; Tertiary structure- Super

secondary motif, domain; Quaternary structure-example of Hemoglobin. 3. 3. Lipids: Structural Diversity:

a. Fatty Acids- nomenclature, saturated and un-saturated fatty acids. b. Sterols- Cholesterol, Steroid hormones, Ergosterol. c. Triglycerides- structure.

d. Wax - structure and examples e. Eicosanoids- names and importance.

4. 4. Enzymes: a. Specificity, major classes. b. Factor affecting enzyme reactions.

c. Kinetics: KM and Vmax; Michaelis-Menten Equation and its derivation.

d. Enzyme inhibition. e. Allosteric enzymes: Basic idea f. Co-enzymes: Variants, sources and physiological roles.

5. 5. Vitamins: Sources, Chemical nature and biological roles.

C. Metabolism 1. General idea of metabolism - Group transfer, coupled reaction, high energy phosphate

compounds. 2. Carbohydrate Metabolism:

a. Glycolysis and Krebss Cycle - Occurrence, enzymes and reactions, calculation of ATP production.

b. Electron Transport Chain: Occurrence, Protein complex for transfer of electrons, Redox loops and chemosmotic hypothesis.

c. Oxidative phosphorylation- Production of ATP.

d. Glycogenesis- Occurrence, enzymes and reactions, importance.

e. Glycogenolysis: Occurrence, enzymes and reactions, importance. f. Neoglucogenesis: Sources, Occurrence, enzymes and reactions, importance.

3. Protein metabolism: Deamination, trans-amination, trans-deamination, Urea cycle. 4. Lipid metabolism: -oxidation. 5. Metabolic Disorders: brief idea on Alkaptoneuria, Albinism, Sickle cell Anemia, Thalassemia,

Scurvy, Hemophilia, Marfan Syndrome, Lactose Intolerance, Galactossemia, G6PD deficiency.

Bio techniques & Instrumentation 1. Principles and uses of analytical instruments: pH meter, Colorimeter & UV -visible

spectrophotometer, Microscopes: Bright field, Dark-field, Phase contrast, Fluorescence; Scanning and transmission electron microscopes

2. Separation techniques: Homogenization (Glass homogenizer, Automated homogenizer,

Chemical and Sonic cell lysis); Centrifuges (Differential, Rate zonal centrifugation, Ultracentrifuge- Preparative and Analytical), Concept of measurement of S.

3. Principles and types of Electrophoresis and chromatography.

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1. Introduction to basic laboratory instruments and equipment- Autoclave, Centrifuge, pH meter, Micropipettes, Digital balance, Homogenizer, Electrophoresis apparatus.

2. Demonstration of functioning of spectrophotometer. 3. Calculations related to normality, molarity. 4. Study of the applications of centrifuge to separate chicken liver (or any other specimen)

components by centrifugation (only demonstration)

5. Separation of protein samples by electrophoresis on agarose/PAGE (only demonstration) 6. Preparation of restriction map from given data. 7. Preparation of flow charts to depict steps involved in the following:

a. Production of transgenic mouse for a chosen gene. b. Gene therapy for a chosen human disease.

8. Preparation of frequency curve, frequency polygon, bar diagram, histogram and pie diagram using

given data in suitable statistical program/spreadsheet application. 9. Application of probability in the law of segregation with coin tossing/dice throwing. 10. Application of Chi -square test for goodness of fit.

11. Familiarizing with the Operating System, Control Panel, Networking Configuration, Firewall setting. 12. Browsing and searching on web. 13. Biological database: types, searching and retrieval of specific literature from literature database,

retrieving nucleotide and protein sequences.

14. Study of pH meter: Principle and working. 15. Study of Osmosis using RBCs by i] Test Tube Method or ii] Cavity Slide Method. 16. Preparation of buffer of different pH. 17. Study of Colorimeter: Principle and working, Selection and filters, Determination of concentration

using colorimeter. 18. Qualitative Tests for mono-, poly- and disaccharides (reducing and non-reducing) (major), tests

for protein.

19. To perform quantitative estimation of protein using the Lowry's method.



Semester-6

ZHT601 (Paper-15) Evolution, Adaptation and Animal Distribution

Developmental Biology

Evolution, Adaptation and Animal Distribution

1. Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; chemogeny, biogeny, the RNA World ; the first cell.

2. Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarckism, Darwinism. Variations as raw material for evolution, Types of variations, mutation and recombination, spontaneity of

mutations; Natural selection and its types; Natural selection in action (industrial melanism, antibiotic and DDT resistance); the evolutionary synthesis. Concept of Macro and Mega evolution.

3. Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; era, period and

epoch; Major events in the evolutionary time scale. Fossil and fossilization 4. Isolating mechanisms and Speciation

5. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Factors affecting Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; Inbreeding, Heterosis, Genetic drift, Population bottleneck, Founder effect.

6. Origin of: a) Amphibia (First Land vertebrates), b) Birds and c) Human. 7. Adaptation-Types, Case study Volant, Aquatic, and desert adaptation. 8. Adaptive radiation: Convergence and divergence, Adaptive modifications in feet/beak in

bird. 9. Types, Evolutionary and adaptive significance of colouration and mimicry

10. Zoogeography- Major Realms and faunal distribution, concept of endemism. 11. Factors affecting animal distribution; Discontinuous distribution, dispersal and barriers.


1. Diversity in life cycle: Diploid-Diploid, Diploid-Haploid, Parthenogenetic systems.

2. Spermatogenesis: Histology of testes, Process of spermatogenesis, Role of Sertoli cells and hormonal regulation, Factors to regulate spermatogenesis.

3. Oogenesis: Amphibian model: Vitellogenesis; Mammalian model: Concept of meiotic block, Menstruation, follicles, hormonal control.

4. Fertilization: a. External fertilization in sea urchin: approach, adhesion, acrosome reaction,

prevention to polyspermy, activation of metabolism. b. Internal fertilization in Human: capacitation, binding of gametes, acrosome reaction,

activation of gamete metabolism. 5. Cleavage: Cleavage plane and types, Cleavage and blastula formation in Microlecithal

(Branchiostoma) egg, in Mesolecithal (Xenopus) egg, in Telolecithal (Gallus) eggs. 6. Fate map: Modern technique in fate mapping, Study of Xenopus fate map. 7. Gastrulation: Morphogenetic movement involved in avian and amphibian gastrulation,

Significance of dorsal lip of blastopore and Hensens node. 8. Transplantation: Significance of dorsal lip of blastopore as organizer. 9. Differentiation of germ layers: Ectoderm: formation of neural tube, brain and eye,

Mesoderm: Formation of coelom and notochord, Endoderm: Formation of gut. 10. Extra-embryonic membrane: Study in human and bird model, Development, function

and fate of membranes. 11. Placenta: Types, physiology.

12. Regeneration: Basic idea.

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ZHL602 (Paper-16)

Laboratory Course and Project

[ Based on ZHT601 (Paper-15)]

Evolution and Adaptation

1. Determination of allele frequency based on ABO blood group in selected population, Frequency of the following genetic traits in human: Tongue rolling, widow's peak, attached ear lobe.

2. Study of adaptive modifications in feet and beak of birds, Insect mouthparts. 3. Preparation of phylogenetic tree (from given data set).


1. Frog blastula, gastrula, neurula.

2. Demonstration of chick embryonic development making window preparation of fertilized egg 3. Identification of whole mount chick embryo (18 hrs, 24 hrs, 30 hrs, 36 hrs, 72hrs) 4. Demonstration of Sperm motility and count

Project/Dissertation/Review Work.




B.Sc. (G) ZOOLOGY

TWO-YEAR FULL-TIME PROGRAMME

COURSE CONTENTS

(Effective from 2014 Admission)

Question Pattern

Theory papers

Type Marks Number Total

Group-A 10 Marks 2 questions to be answered out of 4 20

Group-B 5 Marks 2 questions to be answered out of 4 10

Group-C 2 Marks 5 questions to be answered out of 10 10

Continuous assessment processes 10

Total 50

Practical Papers

Laboratory bench work

including Field work (if any)

40

Continuous assessment processes Including Laboratory Note Book and Viva Voce

10

Total 50



COURSE STRUCTURE

Year Semester Papers (50 marks each )

Theory Practical

1

1

ZGT101 Animal Kingdom- Diversity and biology,

Special features of non-chordates and Chordates

Taxonomy & Systematics

Paper-1

2

ZGT201 Developmental Biology

Animal Physiology

Evolution and Adaptation Animal Distribution

Paper-2

2

3

ZGT301 Cell Biology

Histology and Histological Techniques Genetics

Paper-3 ZGL302

(Paper-4)

4

ZGT401 Ecology, Environmental Biology

Animal Behaviour Biodiversity and Conservation

Applied Zoology

Parasitology

Paper-5 ZGL402

(Paper-6)



Semester-1

ZGT101 (Paper-1) Animal Kingdom- Diversity and biology,

Special features of non-chordates and Chordates Taxonomy & Systematics L

ectu

re H

ours

Animal Kingdom- Diversity and biology 1. Unicellular and multicellular organization

(Salient features with examples of phyla, subphyla and classes mentioned below) i) Unicellular organization: Kingdom Protozoa, Locomotion ii) Multicellular organization: Colonization level- Phylum Porifera , Canal system iii) Multicellular organization: Division of labour (Cell differentiation)- Coelenterate

polymorphism.

2. Triploblastic acoelomate and pseudocoelomate organization: Phylum Platyhelminthes, Phylum Nemathelminthes, parasitic adaptations in helminthes.

3. Triploblastic coelomate organization i) Animals with metameric segmentation- Phylum Annelida, Excretion.

ii) Animals with jointed appendages- Phylum Arthropoda, respiration. iii) Animals with mantle: Phylum Mollusca, torsion.

iv) Animals with enterocoel: Phylum Echinodermata, water vascular system. 4. Phylum Hemichordata 5. Phylum Chordata : Classification upto Order

a) Subphylum Urochordata b) Subphylum Cephalochordata, structural organisation c) Subplylum Vertebrata

i) Super class: Agnatha- Class Cyclostomata

ii) Super class: Gnathostomata (1) Series Pisces (2) Class Amphibia (3) Class Reptilia (4) Class Aves (5) Class Mammalia

6. Special features in Chordates

a) Metamorphosis in Urochordates. b) Difference between hagfish and lamprey. c) Digestive system: Types of dentition, Comparative anatomy of the stomach in

vertebrates. d) Circulatory system: Evolution of heart and aortic arches. e) Respiratory system: Gill, ARO in fishes.

f) Nervous system: General plan and comparative account of brain. g) Excretory system: Comparative anatomy of kidney in vertebrates. h) Skeletal system: Types of skulls and vertebrae. i) Neoteny and Axolotl larva.


7. Definition of taxonomy and relationship with systematics

a) Zoological nomenclature: Definition and importance, Binominal and Trinomial System b) Brief knowledge of ICZN codes, principle of priority, synonymy and homonymy, Type

concept.

c) Kinds of Zoological classification : Components of classification, Linnaean hierarchy 8. Concepts of species: Typological, Nominalistic, Biological and Evolutionary species.

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Semester-2

ZGT201 (Paper-2) Developmental Biology, Animal Physiology

Evolution and Adaptation, Animal Distribution

Developmental Biology 1. Spermatogenesis: Histology of testes, Process of spermatogenesis, Role of Sertoli cells

and hormonal regulation, Factors regulating spermatogenesis. 2. Oogenesis: Amphibian model: Vitellogenesis; Mammalian model: Concept of meiotic block. 3. Fertilization:

a. In sea urchin: Approach, Adhesion, Acrosome reaction, Prevention to polyspermy, Activation of gamete metabolism

b. In Human: Capacitation, Binding of gametes, Acrosome reaction, Activation of gamete metabolism

4. Cleavage: Cleavage plane and types, Cleavage and blastula formation in Microlecithal (Branchiostoma) egg, in Mesolecithal (Xenopus) egg, in Telolecithal (Gallus) eggs

5. Extra-embryonic membranes: Development, function and fate of membranes

Animal Physiology 1. Homeostasis: External and internal environment; Control systems in Biology: Feedback

mechanism. 2. Excretion, osmoregulation in vertebrates. 3. Structure and function of reproductive organ, Types of female reproductive cycles (estrous

and menstrual). 4. Thermoregulation: Ectothermy vs Endothermy, Thermoregulation in endotherms.

Acclimation and acclimatization; Adaptive response to temperature; Daily torpor, Hibernation, Aestivation.

Evolution and Adaptation 1. Origin of life and basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and

polymers; chemogeny, biogeny, the RNA World ; the first cell. 2. Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarckism, Darwinism. Variations as raw material

for evolution, types of variations, mutation and recombination, spontaneity of mutations;

Struggle, fitness and natural selection; the evolutionary synthesis. 3. Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; era, period and

epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale. Fossil and fossilization . 4. Isolating mechanisms and Speciation 5. Adaptation-types, case study volant, aquatic, and desert. 6. Adaptive radiation: convergence and divergence.

7. Types, evolutionary and adaptive significance of colouration and mimicry

Animal Distribution 1. Zoogeography- Major Realms and faunal distribution. 2. Discontinuous distribution, dispersal and barriers.

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Semester-3

ZGT301 (Paper-3) CELL BIOLOGY

HISTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

GENETICS

CELL BIOLOGY

1. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Organization a. Plasma Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model (including concept of fluidity and asymmetry), Basic

function. Membrane Transport. b. Nucleus: Structure of nuclear membrane and nucleopore, Nuclear Lamina, Nucleolus and

NOR, Euchromatin and heterochromatin, Organisation of chromosome-Chromatin structure, Nucleosome concept.

c. Mitochondria: Double membrane structure, Cristiae, ATP Synthase, Physiological functions, Mitochondriogenesis.

d. Structure and Physiological function of Golgi Complex, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosome

e. Structure and function of other cellular organelles: Ribosome, Chloroplast. 2. Cytoskeleton, Composition and organization of- Microfilament, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments. 3. Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis; Cell Cycle: Stages, Cellular and molecular events and idea

about check points.

HISTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES 1. Histology of major organs- Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Liver, Kidney, Adrenal, Testis, ovary,

Spleen. 2. Histological techniques: Fixation and fixative, Preservation and tissue processing; Staining and

stain: Eosin, hematoxylin Double staining; Mordanting and Mordants.

GENETICS

1. Laws of Inheritance a. Concept of Genotype and phenotype, homozygote and heterozygote, gene and allele,

dominant and recessive, mutant and wild type.

b. Mendels Principles of Inheritance. 2. Deviation from Mendelian Inheritance: coupling and repulsion, Semi dominance, co-dominance

and over dominance; Concept of polygenic inheritance, Pleiotropy. 3. Allele Concept: Concept of cistron, Pseudoalleles and Multiple alleles. 4. Linkage and Crossing Over: Cytological technique, Types of crossing over, Concept &

Mechanism of crossing over, Problem of 2- & 3- point mapping. 5. Mutation: Numerical and structural change in chromosome, Non-disjunction. Detection of

mutation: Ames Test, ClB and Attached X-method.

6. Microbial Genetics: Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation. 7. Sex determination and Sex- linked Inheritance:

a. Sex Determination System- Chromosomal sex determination, Environmental sex determination.

b. Sex determination in Drosophila -genic balance theory. c. Sex determination in human-Role of Y chromosome. d. X-linked and Y-linked inheritances.

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ZGL302 (Paper-4) Laboratory Course

A. Animal Diversity : Identification a) Protozoa : Amoeba, Paramecium. b) Porifera: Scypha. c) Coelenterate: obelia colony, sea anemone. d) Platyhelminthes: liver fluke and tapeworm. e) Nemathelminthes: Ascaris-male and female. f) Annelida: Nereis, earthworm and leech. g) Arthropoda: Crab, lobster, silverfish, beetle, centipede, millipede. h) Mollusca: Chiton, Pila, Unio, Sepia and Loligo. i) Echinodermata: Starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber. j) Hemichordata: Balanoglossus k) Urochordata: Ciona. l) Cephalochordata: Branchiostoma. m) Cyclostomata: Petromyzon, Myxine. n) Chondrichthyes: Scoliodon, Sphyrna, Torpedo. o) Osteichthyses: Hippocampus, flying fish. p) Amphibia: Frog, toad, caecilian, Salamandar. q) Reptilia: Chameleo, Calotes, turtle/tortoise, one each of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes. r) Aves: Pycnonotus, Dinopium, Passer. s) Mammalia: Mega- and microchiropteran bat.

B. Animal Diversity Structure and function: 1. Dissection:

a. Cockroach :Major: i) Salivary apparatus (with Hypopharynx), ii) Nervous system Minor: i) Mouthparts, ii) Digestive system iii) Female reproductive system

b. Culturable fish species: i) Major Dissection: Afferent branchial arteries, ii) Urino -genital system ii) Minor dissection i) Brain, ii) Pituitary gland.

2. Identification of bones with reasons : i) Skull of Bufo, Rana, Columba, Cavia, ii) Vertebrae of Columba and Cavia iii) Appendicular bones of Columba and Cavia iv) Girdle bones of Columba and Cavia.

C. Taxonomy: 1. Preparation of taxonomic keys 2. Identification of unknown specimen supplied based on morphological features (upto the taxonomic level as lower as possible).




Semester-4

ZGT401 (Paper-5) Ecology, Environmental Biology

Animal Behaviour Biodiversity and Conservation

Applied Zoology

Parasitology

Ecology 1. The Environment: Physical and biotic environment. 2. Ecosystem: Structure and function, Primary and secondary productivity, energy flow,

Decomposition, food chain and food webs. 3. Population ecology: Attributes of a population; Factors influencing population dynamics:

Natality, Mortality; Growth curves; Population regulation: density dependent and independent factors.

4. Types of species interactions: Intraspecific and interspecific associations

Environmental Biology 1. Pollution : Sources and impact of pollutants

i) Sources, effect and management of air pollution, Acid rain, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion and global warming

ii) Sources, effect and management of water pollution

Animal Behaviour 1. Basic Concepts and patterns of behavior 2. Innate and learned behaviour: types of learning.

3. Biological rhythms

Biodiversity and Conservation 1. Biodiversity- Utility, megadiversity countries, hotspots, IUCN Red list categories Ver. 3.1 2. in situ and ex situ conservation of wildlife: Sanctuaries, National parks, Biosphere

Reserves.

Applied Zoology 1. Fishery:

a. Fin Fish Culture: Polyculture, Basic technique for carp culture b. Breeding Programme: Induced breeding, Hapa breeding, Bundh Breeding, Ecohatchery c. Pathology: Common fish diseases and their control d. Common by-products

2. Apiculture: Products of apiary, Problems of apiculture. 3. Sericulture: Types of silk, silk moths and their host plants, Problems and prospects of

sericulture. 4. Poultry: Breeds, management techniques and diseases. 5. Dairy: Breeds of cow 6. Pest and their management:

a. Common pests of stored grains, Paddy, Cabbage, Brinjal and Mango, Life cycle of

Sitophilus oryzae and Leucinoides orbonalis b. Pest Management: Cultural, Chemical, Biological, Bio-ecological, IPM.

Parasitology 1. Concept of Parasitism. Types of parasites and hosts, General ideas on epidemiology 2. Life Cycle:, Plasmodium falciparfum, Trypanosoma brucei gambiensi, Wuchereria bancrofti, 3. Vector biology: Types of vector; Organs related to disease transmission and control of

Mosquitos, Ticks, Mites. 4. Host Parasite interaction: Structural and physiological adaptations of parasites.

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ZGL402 (Paper-6) Laboratory Course

1. Study of gut contents of cockroach for parasites (Temporary preparation) 2. Identification (systematic position and specimen characters only) and clinical importance :

Entamoeba, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania, Ascaris (male and female), Wuchereria, 3. Life cycle of Silk Moth. 4. Identification of common food fishes and Crustacean, shellfishes (at least seven species). 5. Animal husbandry :

a) Poultry Layers (Leghorn), Broiler; Poultry rearing: Selection of eggs, hatching, incubation, brooding, sexing, vaccination.

b) Poultry housing: Free range system, Semi-intensive system (deep litter system and individual cage system).

6. [Visit to nearby Poultry farm/ Animal Husbandry farm/ Apiary/Sericulture Plant/ /Fish farm/ Fish Market/ Fish Landing Center/Fish Processing Industry].

7. Blood grouping ABO and Rh systems. 8. Estimation of free carbon dioxide in water. 9. Estimation of DO of water.

10. Identification of Frog blastula, gastrula, (Whole mount). 11. Identification of whole mount chick embryo (24 hrs, 36 hrs, 72hrs). 12. Identification of mammalian histological tissue sections: tongue, liver, pancreas, thyroid, kidney,

adrenal, ovary, testis, stomach and lung.

Report of Excursion/Study tour Laboratory note book Viva voce

Documents

BSc Zoology Honours & General Syllabus Midnapore College