B.Sc. Physics Semester VI · 3 BELE6IPP Introduction to Plasma Physics 4 MOO [s courses from SWAYAM PORTAL. Page 3 of 13 GANPAT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of

GANPAT UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Science

Teaching Scheme, Examination Scheme

&

Syllabus

B.Sc. Physics

Semester VI

(Effective from July 2020)

Page 2 of 13

*any one subject can be offered from the following list of elective subjects.

Elective

GANPAT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Physics Semester VI

Effective from Academic Year 2020-21 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2018

Subject Code Subject Name

Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)

Credit Hours (per week) Theory Practical Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.)

CE SEE Total CE SEE Total L TU Total P TW Total L TU Total P TW Total

BPHY6SSP Solid State Physics

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BPHY6NPP Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BPHY6QMS Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Spectroscopy

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BPHY6IED Introduction to Electrodynamics

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BELE6 Elective* 2 --- 2 --- --- 2 --- 2 --- --- --- 40 60 100 --- --- ---

Total 14 --- 14 8 8 14 --- 14 12 4 16 200 300 500 160 240 400

Sr.No. Subject Code Subject Name

1 BELE6AMF Advanced Materials and Fibre Optics 2 BELE6APC Astrophysics and Cosmology

3 BELE6IPP Introduction to Plasma Physics

4 MOOC’s courses from SWAYAM PORTAL

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Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Physics

Semester VI Version 2.0.0.0 Effective from Academic Year 2020-21 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2018

Subject code BPHY6SSP Subject Name Solid State Physics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)

Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total

L TU P TW Credit 3 -- 2 5 Theory 40 60 100

Hours/Week 3 -- 3 1 7 Practical 40 60 100 Pre-requisites:

Basic Knowledge of Solid State Physics. Learning Outcome:

Students gain Knowledge on X-Ray diffraction, Reciprocal lattice, Semiconductors, Magnetism in Solids and Superconductivity. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

Reciprocal lattice and Determination of crystal structure: X-rays diffraction (Bragg’s law) (3.2), Moseley’s law, Laue's interpretation of X -ray diffraction by crystals (3.3), Lattice planes and Miller indices, Determination of lattice constants (3.9), Reciprocal lattice (3.1), Construction of reciprocal lattice (3.4), Relationship between a, b, c & a*, b*, c* (3.5) Applications to some crystal lattices(3.6):Simple cubic (SC) lattice, Body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice, Face-centred cubic (FCC) lattice, Hexagonal lattice Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns from crystals(3.7): Structure factor for a BCC crystal, Structure factor for a FCC crystal, Brillion zone, Ewald's construction(3.8.1) Free Electron Theory of Metals: Electrical Conductivity of Metals, Thermal Conductivity of Metals, Lorentz Modification of Drude Model, The Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function, The Density of States, The Free Electron Gas at 0 K, Energy of Electron Gas at 0 K

15

2

Semiconductors: Conductor, Insulator & Semiconductor (9.1), Intrinsic semiconductor (9.2), Extrinsic semiconductor (9.3), The position of Fermi level in Semiconductor (9.6), The effective density of states and carrier concentration (9.7), The equilibrium electron-hole product (9.7.1), Variation of carrier concentration with temperature (9.8), Intrinsic conductivity and mobility (9.9), Effect of temperature on mobility (9.10), Determination of band gap of intrinsic semiconductor (9.11), Hall effect in semiconductors (9.13)

10

3

Magnetism in Solids: Magnetic terminology (8.1), Relation between relative permeability and magnetic susceptibility, Types of magnetism (8.2): (Dia, Para, Ferro, Anti-ferro, Ferri), Diamagnetism (8.3): Langevin's Classical theory (8.3.1), Paramagnetism (8.4): Langevin's Classical theory (8.4.1), Quantum theory (8.4.2), Ferromagnetism (8.5): Weiss theory of ferromagnetism (8.5.1), Concept of domain and hysteresis (8.5.3), Anti-ferromagnetism (8.6), Ferrimagnetism (8.7)

10

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4

Superconductivity:: Introduction (10.1), General properties of superconductors: Electrical resistivity (10.2), Perfect Diamagnetisms (Meissner Effect) (10.3), Critical field and critical temperature (10.5), Type I and type II superconductors (10.6), London's equation, Flux Quantization (10.9), Josephson effects and tunneling (10.10), BCS theory (10.12.1), BCS ground state, Applications (10.14)

10

Practical Content 1. Measurement of susceptibility of paramagnetic solution (Quinck’s Tube Method).

2. To measure the Magnetic susceptibility of solids. 3. To determine the Hall coefficient of a semiconductor sample.

4. Measurement of change in resistance of a semiconductor with magnetic field.

5. To draw the B-H curve of Fe using Solenoid and determine the energy loss from Hysteresis. 6. Concept of Unit cell, Primitive unit cell and Wigner-Seitz cell.

7. Calculate the atomic packing factor of different crystal structures 8. Calculate the number of atoms per unit cell for different crystal structures.

9. Miller indices and Miller- Bravais indices. 10. Coordination number and radius ratio.

11. Draw the Brillouin Zone for a two dimensional lattice.

12. Calculate the Structure factor for BCC and FCC. 13. Crystal structure determination using XRD data.

Reference Books 1. Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P. Srivastava (PHI New Delhi 2003).

2. Solid State Physics by Ajay Kumar Saxena (With an Introduction to Semiconductor Devices) (Trinity Press). 3. Solid State Physics by R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar (S. Chand publisher).

4. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittel (John Willy and Sons).

5. Solid State Physics by Saxena (PragatiPrakashan). 6. Solid State Physics by C. M. Kachhawa.

7. Solid State Physics by A. J. Dekker.

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Subject code BPHY6NPP Subject Name Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic Knowledge of Nuclear Physics and Quantum Mechanics Learning Outcome:

Students gain knowledge on Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays, Nuclear Energy, General formalism of Wave Mechanics, Angular Momentum and Parity. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

Rutherford Scattering and estimation of the nuclear size (4.I.2), Measurement of nuclear radius (4.I.3), Constituent of the Nucleolus and their properties (4.I.4), Nuclear Spin, Moments and Statistics

07

(a) Alpha Rays : Spectra and Decay

Range of Alpha Particles (4.II.1), Disintegration energy of the SpontaneousAlpha-Decay (4.II.2), Alpha-Decay Paradox-Barrier Penetration (4.II.3).

04

2

(b) Beta Rays : Spectra and Decay

Introduction (4.III.1), Continuous Beta ray spectrum-Difficulties inunderstanding it (4.III.2), Pauli's Neutrino Hypothesis (4.III.3), Fermi's theoryof Beta-dacy (4.III.4), The Detection of Neutrino (4.III.5). (c) Gamma-Ray Emission:

Introduction (4. IV. 1), Gamma - ray emission - selection rules (4.IV.2), Internalconversion (4.IV.3).

10

3

The Liquid Drop Model of a Nucleus: Binding Energies of nuclei : Plot of B/A against A (5.2) , Weizsacher’s semi empirical mass formula(5.3) , Stability limits against spontaneous fission (5.5) Introduction to Nuclear Shell Model and Magic number. (Nuclear Physics by R. R. Roy and B. P. Nigam) Nuclear Energy:

Introduction (6.1), Neutron Induced Fission (6.2), Asymmetrical Fission-MassYield (6.3), Emission of Delayed Neutrons by Fission Fragments(6.4), Energy Released in the Fission of U-235 (6.5), Fission of Lighter Nuclei (6.6), Fission Chain Reaction (6.7)

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4 Introduction (8.1), Production of Elementary Particles (8.2), Types of Interactions (8.3), Classification of Elementary Particles (8.4 & 8.5), Quantum Numbers (8.6), Conservation Laws (8.7)

9

Practical Content

1. Determine Plateau characteristics of GM tube using alpha source.

2. Determine Plateau characteristics of GM tube using beta source. 3. Verification of Inverse square law alpha source.

4. Verification of Inverse square law beta source.

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5. Resolving time or Dead time of GM counter with two source method. 6. To distinguish between beta and gamma radiation using GM Tube.

7. To determine the range and maximum energy of Beta particle by Half thickness method. 8. Measurement of Half-life time.

9. Speed of light – Experiment using positron annihilation and ultrafast timing techniques.

10. To simulate the decay curve of radioactive nuclei with different decay constants. 11. To simulate the decay curves of parent and daughter radioactive nuclei under secular equilibrium.

12. To simulate the decay curves of parent and daughter radioactive nuclei under transient equilibrium. Reference Books

1. Nuclear Physics (An Introduction) by S. B. Patel(Willey Eastern Ltd.) 2. Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics by V. K. Mittal, R. C. Verma and S. C. Gupta (PHI Learning Pvt.

Ltd.)

3. Nuclear Physics by D. C. Tayal. 4. University Physics Volume-3 by Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs (Free e-book).

5. Fundamentals of modern physics by J.P.Agrawal and A.Agrawal(PragatiPrakashan, Meerut).

6. Nuclear Physics: Theory and Experiment by R. R. Roy and B. P. Nigam (New Age International Publisher).

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Subject code BPHY6QMS Subject Name Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Physics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic Knowledge of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. Learning Outcome:

Students gain knowledge on Hydrogen specra and show the Rotational spectra, Vibrational Spectra, Raman Spectra, Electronic spectra formed and their uses to determine different parameters of molecule. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

Three Dimensional Energy Eigenvalue Problems: Particle Moving in a Spherically Symmetric Potential, System of Two Interacting Particles, Rigid Rotator, Hydrogen atoms Angular Momentum: The Orbital Angular Momentum Operator, Commutation Relations, Eigenvalues and

Eigenfunctions of 𝐿2and 𝐿𝑧.

12

2

Pure Rotational Spectra: Types of MolecularSpectra (17.2), Salient Features of Rotational Spectra (18.1), Molecularrequirement for Rotational Spectra (18.2), Experimental Arrangement (18.3),The molecule as a rigid rotator: Explanation of rotational spectra (I8.4) TheNon-rigid Rotator (18.5),The Isotope Effect (18.6)

9

3

Vibrational - Rotational Spectra: Features ofVibrational-Rotational Spectra (19.1), The Molecule as a Harmonic Oscillator (19.2), Molecule as a Anharmonic Oscillator (19.3), Isotope Effect on Vibrational Levels (19.5), Fine Structure of Infra-red Bands: Molecule as Vibrating Rotator (19.6), Thermal Distribution of Vibrational and Rotational Levels (19.8)

10

4

Raman and Electronic Spectra: Nature of the Raman Effect (20.1), Experimental Arrangement for RamanSpectra (20.2), Classical Theory of Raman Effect (20.3), Quantum theory ofRaman Effect (20.4), Raman Spectra and Molecular Structure (20.5), Infra-redSpectra Versus Raman Spectra (20.6), Salient Features of Molecular ElectronicSpectra (21.1), Formation of Electronic Spectra (21.2), Observed Intensity Distribution (Vibrational) in Band-Systems: Franck-Condon Principle (21.7)

14

Practical Content

1. Newton’s Ring (Determination of wavelength of light Refractive Index of a liquid). 2. To determine λ and λ+dλof sodium light using Michelson interferometer.

3. To determine thedissociation energy of Iodine gas molecule.

4. To study absorption spectra of liquid (KMnO4). 5. Optical Lever.

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6. Study of Hydrogen Spectra. 7. Computational simulation of Rigid Rotator.

8. Computational simulation of Simple Harmonic Oscillator. 9. Computational simulation of Hydrogen radial wave function.

10. Computational simulation of Pure Rotational Spectra.

11. Computational simulation ofVibrational - Rotational Spectra. 12. Computational simulation ofRaman and Electronic Spectra.

13. To find the wavelength of He-Ne laser and calculate the no of lines of the slit. Reference Books

1. Introduction to classical mechanics by Takawale and Puranic(THM Publication). 2. Classical Mechanics, by Goldstein(Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi).

3. Classical Mechanics by YasvantWaghmare.

4. Classical Mechanics by N.C.Rana and P.S.Joag(THM). 5. Atomic & Molecular-Spectra by RajKumar(KedarNath Ram Nath, Delhi).

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Subject code BPHY6IED Subject Name Introduction to Electrodynamics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic concepts of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics. Learning Outcome:

Studentsgainknowledge on Electromagnetics, Electromagnetic Induction, Electromagnetic waves and its applications. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

Boundary Value Problems in Electrostatic Fields : Laplace’s Equation (3.1), Introduction (3.1.1), Laplace’s Equation in twodimensions (3.1.3), Laplace’s Equation in three dimensions (3.1.4), Boundaryconditions and Uniqueness theorems (3.1.5), The method of images (3.2), Theclassic image problem (3.2.1), Induced surface charge (3.2.2), Force andenergy (3.2.3), other image problems (3.2.4) Separation of variables (3.3),Cartesian Coordinates (3.3.1), Spherical coordinates (3.3.2), MultipoleExpansion (3.4), Approximate Potential at large distances (3.4.1), Themonopole and dipole terms (3.4.2), Origin of Coordinates in multipoleExpansions (3.4.3). (Solve five to six numerical problems based on this technique)

15

2

Magnetostatic: The Biot-Savart Law (2.1), The Magnetic Field of a Steady Current (2.2), Straight Line Currents (3.1), The Divergence and Curl of 𝐁(3.2), Ampere’s Law (3.3), Comparison of Magnetostatics and Electrostatics (3.4), The Vector Potential (4.1) , Boundary Conditions (4.2), Multipole Expansion of the Vector Potential (4.3)

9

3

Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s law (7.2.1), The Induced Electric Field (7.2.2), Maxwell’s Equation :Electrodynamics before Maxwell (7.3.1), How Maxwell fixed Ampere’s Law(7.3.2), Maxwell’s Equations (7.3.3) Electromagnetic Waves: Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum: The Waveequation for 𝐄 and 𝐁 (9.2.1), Energy and Momentum in ElectromagneticWaves (9.2.3), Electromagnetic Waves in Matter: Propagation in LinearMedia (9.3.1), Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence and Oblique Electromagnetic Waves in conductors (9.4.1), The frequencydependence of permittivity (9.4.3).

15

4 The Potential Formulation : Scalar andVector Potentials (10.1.1), Gauge Transformations (10.1.2), Coulomb Gaugeand Lorentz Gauge (10.1.3)

6

Practical Content 1. Calibration of magnetic field.

2. e/m Thomson method.

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3. Mutual induction ‘M’ of two coil using B.G.. 4. Computational Simulation of Electromagnetic Problems.

5. C programming for solution of Laplace’s equation in 2D, 3D. 6. C programming for solution of Poisson equation.

7. C programming for solution of Maxwell’s equation in 1D.

8. C programming for solution of Wave equation. 9. Magnetic field along the axis of circular coil.

10. The earth’s magnetic field using tangent galvanometer. 11. Magnetic field of a bar magnet and Helmholtz coil.

12. Force and torque on a magnetic dipoles. 13. Faraday’s law.

Reference Books

1.Introduction to Electrodynamics by David J. Griffths(Pearson Education Asia).

2. Electromagnetics by B. B. Laud(Willley Eastern Ltd.).

3. Classical Electrodynamics by John David Jackson. 4. Classical electricity and magnetism by W. K. H. Panofsky and M. Phillips (Addison Wesley).

5. Electricity and magnetism by Purcell and David Morin.

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Subject code BELE6AMF Subject Name Advanced materials and Fibre Optics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)


L TU P TW Credit 2 -- -- -- 2 Theory 40 60 100

Hours/Week 2 -- -- -- 2 Practical -- -- -- Pre-requisites:

Basic knowledge on materials and communication. Learning Outcome:

Gain knowledge onNew Emerging Materials, Crystal Growth and Techniques, Optical Fiber Communication.

Theory syllabus Unit Content Hrs

1

New Emerging Materials: Metallic Glasses: Overview, Preparation, Examples and ApplicationsNano materials: Overview, General information, Preparation, Properties,Examples and Applications.Shape Memory Alloys: Overview, working, Shape memory Effects, Synthesis,examples and ApplicationsBio Materials: Overview, General Information, Applications. Crystal Growth and Techniques: Solution, Melt and vapour growth methods, Zone melting method, Bridgmanmethod, Czochralsky method.

15

2

Optical fiber Communication: Basic Principle Involved in Optical fiber Transmission - fiber Geometry -Acceptance Angle and Numerical Aperture - Type of Fibers - Optic fiberMaterials - Optical fiber Communication: An Overview - Merits of Opticalfiber Communication - Optical fiber Sensors, Pressure Sensor, DisplacementSensor.

15

Reference Books

1. Engineering Physics by K Rajagopal (PHI learing (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2008) 2. A Text Book of engineering Physics by M N Avadhanulu and P G Kshirsagar (S Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008) 3. Crystal Growth Process - J.C.Baxi.

4. Art and Science of Growing crystals by J.J. Gilman.

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Subject code BELE6APC Subject Name Astrophysics and Cosmology Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic Knowledge of Stellar Physics. Learning Outcome:

Gain Basic Knowledge of Astrophysics and Cosmology.


1

Introduction, Keplers Law, The Solar System, Binary Systems, Tidal Forces and the Earth Moon System, Fluid Mechanics, Hydrostatics and the Solar Wind ,Radiative Transfer, Thermal Radiation and the Sun, Virial Theorem and Its Application to Stars, Stars: Magnitudes and the H-R Diagram, Stellar Physics.

15

2 White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars, Galaxies and the Expanding Universe , Dynamics of the Expanding Universe, The Cosmological Space – Time, Distances, the Hubble Parameter and Dark Energy, CMBR and Thermal History, Neutrino Mass, Big Band Nucleosynthesis.

15

Reference Books

1. NPTEL Course on Astrophysics & Cosmology by Prof. S. Bharadwaj, Department of Physics & Meteorology IIT Kharagpur. (https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115/105/115105046/)

2.The Cosmic Perspective - Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology by Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan Donahue,

Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit (Pearson). 3. Fundamental of Atmospheric Physics, M.L Salby(Academic Press). 4. The Physics of Atmosphere – John T. Houghton (Cambridge University press). 5. An Introduction to dynamic meteorology – James R Holton (Academic Press).

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115/105/115105046/

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Subject code BELE6IPP Subject Name Introduction to Plasma Physics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic Knowledge of Stellar Physics. Learning Outcome:

Gain Basic Knowledge of Astrophysics and Cosmology.


1

Characteristics of a Plasma in a Magnetic field:

Description of plasma as a gasmixture, (3.1), Properties of plasma in magnetic field (3.2), Force on plasma inmagnetic field (3.3), Current in Magnetized Plasma (3.4), Diffusion in aMagnetic field (3.5), Collisions in fully ionized magneto-plasma (3.6), PinchEffect (3.7), Oscillations and waves in the plasma (3.8), Plasma frequency(3.8.1), Maxwell’s equation in a homogenous plasma (3.8.2), Electromagneticor Transverse Oscillations (3.8.3), Electrostatic or Longitudinal oscillations(Ba =0) (3.8.4), Oscillations of the plasma (Ba≠0)(3.8.5), Hydro magneticwaves (3.8.6), Resonances and cut-offs or reflection points (3.8.7).

15

2

Applications of Plasma: Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions (7.1), Lawsoncriterion (7.1.1), The Coulomb Barrier (7.1.2), Heating and Confinement of thePlasma (7.1.3), Radiation loss of energy (7.1.4), Magnetohydrodymicconversion of energy (7.2), Plasma propulsion (7.3), Other plasma devices(7.4).

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Reference Books 1.Elements of Plasma Physics by S. N. Goswami(New Central Book Agency (P). Ltd. Calcutta).

2. Introduction to Plasma Physics by F.F.Chen. (Plenum Press).

3. Plasma Physics by S. N. Sen (PragatiPrakashan, Meerut).

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B.Sc. Physics Semester VI · 3 BELE6IPP Introduction to Plasma Physics 4 MOO [s courses from SWAYAM PORTAL. Page 3 of 13 GANPAT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of