BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)

8/3/2019 BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)

1/30


2/30

HUMAN OUTPUT

Organization

SystemsLevel

Human Resources Policies & PracticesOrganization structure and designOrganizational culture

GroupLevel

Communication

Group decisionmakingGroup structureConflict

Work teams

Power and politicsLeadership and trust


3/30

IndividualLevel

BiographicalCharacteristicsPersonality and

EmotionsValues and AttitudesAbilities

PerceptionMotivationIndividual learning

Individual decisionmaking


4/30

Communication

Biographical

Characteristics

Personalityand

Emotions

Perception

Changean

d

StressValues

andAttitud

es

Motivation


5/30

Individual

DecisionM

aking

Human

Input

Ability

IndividualLearning


6/30


7/30

Decisions: The choices made fromamong

two or more alternatives.

Problem: A discrepancy betweensome current state of affairs andsome desired state.


8/30

A decision-making model thatdescribes how

individuals should behave in order tomaximizesome outcome.

Rational: making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specifiedconstraints.


9/30

Define the problem.

Identify the decision criteria.

Allocate weights to the criteria.

Develop the alternatives.

Evaluate the alternatives.


10/30

Problem clarityKnown options

Clear preferencesConstant preferences

Not time or cost constraints

Maximum pay-off


11/30

Creativity: the ability to producenovel and

useful ideas.

Three Component Model ofCreativity: The proposition that

individual creativity requiresexpertise, creative thinking skills,and intrinsic task motivation.


12/30

Experti

se

TaskCREATIVITY

CreativityMotivation

Skills


13/30

Bounded RationalityCommon Biases and Errors

Intuition Individual Differences

Organizational Constraints

Cultural Differences


14/30

Bounded Rationality: Makingdecisions by

constructing simplified models thatextractthe essential features from problemswithout

capturing all their complexity.


15/30

Overconfidence BiasAnchoring Bias: a tendency to fixate

on initialinformation, from which we then failtoadequately adjust for subsequentinformation.

Confirmation Bias: the tendency toseek out


16/30

information that reaffirms pastchoices andto discount information thatcontradicts past

judgments.


17/30

Availability Bias: the tendency forpeople to

base their judgments on informationthat isreadily available to them.

Representative Bias: assessing the

likelihoodofan occurrence by inappropriatelyconsidering the current situation as


18/30

identicalto ones in the past.


19/30

Escalation ofCommitment: anincreased

commitment to a previous decisionin spite ofnegative information.

Randomness Error: the tendency of

individuals to believe that they canpredictthe outcome of random events.

Winners Curse: a decision-making


20/30

dictumthat argues that the winning

participants inan auction typically pay too much forthewinning item.


21/30

Hindsight Bias: The tendency for usto believe

falsely that wed have accuratelypredictedthe outcome of an event, after thatoutcome

is actually known.


22/30

Focuson Goals

Look for information thatdisconfirms your beliefs.

Dont try to create meaning out ofrandom

events.


23/30

Increase your options.


24/30

An

unconsciousprocesscreated

out of distilledexperience.


25/30

Personality: Conscientiousnessand self-

esteem play a role in decisionmaking.

Gender: Evidence indicates that

women analyze decisions morethan men do, ruminating (reflectingat length) and overthinking about

problems before making a decision,


26/30

and rehashing the decision evenafter it has been made.


27/30

Performance EvaluationReward Systems

Formal Regulations (ProgrammingDecisions)

System-ImposedTime Constraints

Historical Precedents


28/30

Utilitarian View

Rights View (Bill of Rights)

Justice View


29/30

22


30/30

Documents

BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)