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A presentation I did for my son\'s BSA Troop about Computers Merit Badge
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04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Get your Pancake tickets TONIGHT!!!!
Slide 1
Computers Merit Badge •Online Safety•What is a computer and what does it “do”?•History of the computer•Computer Programs•Networking and the Internet•Copyrighted material•Careers
The Jacquard loom
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Online Safety
• Never give personal information in Chat rooms– Name, Address, Phone Number, Age
• NEVER give your password(s) to anyone– Except your parents in case of emergency
• Look for HTTPS:// on sites (SSL security)• Watch out for fake websites that look REAL• http://www.opendns.com/phishing-quiz/
Slide 3
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
• A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations.[1]
• Integrated circuit– Microprocessor• Intel 8080 (1974, 8-bit)• Motorola 6800 (1974, 8-bit)
• CISC – Complex Instruction Set Computing• RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computing
What is a computer?
Slide 4
[1] Wikipedia
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
• Computer case– Power supply– Motherboard• CPU• Memory• Expansion slots
– Hard drive, CD/DVD drive
– Ports
• Keyboard, Monitor• Optional Components– Mouse– Printer– Scanner– Speakers– External drive(s)
What makes a computer a computer?
Slide 5
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Where are computers used?
• Home (Personal Computer)• Cell phones• Cars• Appliances• Traffic control signals• Cash registers• Others???
Slide 6
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
What can a computer do?
• Spreadsheet– Family budget– Household assets
• Word processor– Letters– School papers
• Email• Powerpoint
• Games• Music / Movies
Slide 7
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
History of the Computer• ENIAC– Univ. of PA (Moore School)– Vacuum tubes– 1800 sq. ft.
• Commodore 64– Integrated circuit– 64 kB RAM– $135 production cost
Slide 8
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
History of the Computer
• Apple / IBM– Apple II IBM PC XT
– Macintosh / x86 based PCs• Microprocessor capability gains
Slide 9
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
History of the Computer
• Apple / Windows– Macintosh (Apple) x86 based PCs (Windows)
• Microprocessor capability gains– Moore’s law
Slide 10
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Computer Programs
• Program: A computer program (also software, or just a program) is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task with a computer.[1]
• Programs are written in programming “languages” (e.g. COBOL, FORTRAN, C++, Java)
[1] Wikipedia
COBOL – Common mainframe programming language for business applicationsFORTRAN – Common scientific programming langaugeC++ – An early UNIX programming language, has been adapted to other O/S’sJava – A hardware independent programming language used in many arenas
Slide 11
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Computer Programs
• Commonly used software programs• Email– Outlook, Outlook Express, Thunderbird, Eudora
• Integrated Office Suites– Microsoft Office, WordPerfect Suite, OpenOffice,
NeroOffice (MAC), Google Docs• Word Processor• Spreadsheet• Presentations• Drawing• Database
Slide 12
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Review• Name of an early
computer– UNIVAC– ENIAC– ShopVac
• Which is older– Commodore 64– Macintosh
Slide 13
• What program is not in an Office Suite– Word processor– Web browser– Database– Speadsheet
• Which is optional– Monitor– Mouse– CD Drive
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Computer Programs - Security
• Anti-virus– Kaspersky– Symantec– Trend– McAfee– AVG
• Anti-malware– MalwareBytes– Adaware
Slide 14
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Computer Programs - Security
• Passwords– Weak, Moderate, Strong– http://www.passwordmeter.com/
• Firewalls– Windows built-in– Many A/V vendors offer firewalls also
Slide 15
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
The Internet (World Wide Web)
• We owe it all to Al Gore!• Computers all over the world connected by
communications hardware and software• ISO OSI framework– Messages travel between computers in things
called packets. Packets consist of a long string of 1’s and 0’s arranged in a standardized fashion
– An email can be sent from Pennsylvania and arrive in California within seconds
Slide 16
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Components of a home “network”
• Cable modem (may have a router built-in)• Router (possibly wireless)• Ethernet cable or 802.11 wireless adapter– 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n
• IP address (4.2.2.2)• MAC address (54-CE-61-0B-D1-0F)• DHCP and DNS
Slide 17
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Software “piracy”
• Making or installing illegal copies of software– OK to make backups copies of CDs / DVDs– Usually OK to install on multiple machines, as long
as only one is in use at any given time
Slide 18
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Software Licensing
• Proprietary software– Microsoft Office, Norton anti-virus, many games
• Shareware– Available to download and try– Author expects compensation for continued use
• Freeware– Open to distribute freely (possibly source code)– GNU GPL
Slide 19
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Music and Video copyrights
• Most music and video is copyrighted• It is not legal to download music and store it
on your personal computer for later playback without having paid a pre-determined price– iTunes … most songs cost $0.99– Bearshare, Limewire, etc. are “illegal”
Slide 20
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Career Opportunities
• Systems administrator• Network administrator / Network security• Telecommunications engineer (convergence)• Business Analyst• Programmer / Web developer• Database administrator (DBA)• Technician (Helpdesk)
Slide 21
04/10/2023 Computers Merit BadgeJohn HamiltonJon Davis
Questions
Slide 22