“BRUNEI WOMEN 1906 – 2006ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES”

ByDATIN HAJAH MASNI BINTI HAJI MOHD ALI

DEPUTY PRESIDENT III, COUNCIL OF WOMEN OF BRUNEI

BRUNEI HISTORY SEMINAR III“COMMEMORATING 100 YEARS BRUNEI-BRITISH

RELATIONSHIP (1906 – 2006)”8 MARCH 2006, ICC BERAKAS

ORGANISED BY THE BRUNEI HISTORY CENTREON THE OCCASION OF THE

22nd NATIONAL DAY CELEBRATIONS 2006

PART ONEBRUNEI-BRITISH RELATIONSHIP

• INTRODUCTION• Starting with 1906 when treaty with Britain signed for protection and

reception of British Resident• “TUG OF WAR” FOR BRUNEI described by Peter Blundell, Cutch Factory

Manager in his book “ON THE FRINGE OF THE EASTERN SEAS” Brunei being absorbed by Sarawak or come under arrangements with British Government

• HEWETT REPLACED BY McARTHUR• Hewett, British Consul to Brunei stationed in Labuan was supporter of

James Brooke

• (Slide No 2)

McARTHUR REPORT 1904

• “McARTHUR REPORT” SAVED BRUNEI FROM RAJAH BROOKE• British policy before 1905 to allow Sarawak or North Borneo to

swallow Brunei. “McArthur Report” changed British policy • THE 1905-1906 TREATY ESTABLISHING THE RESIDENCY• BRITISH PRESENCE • Soon felt by building of roads and introduction of custom duties on

imports• BUREAURACY

• (Slide No 3)

“SHA`ER RAKIS” SAW IT ALL(Slide No 4)

Khalifah bertitah sangat majelisKhabar nya bersahabat dengan InggerisTercap surat dua belas rakisDengan Queen Perjanjian habis

Majesty spoke with great ceremonyHis friendship with the English newsworthyAgreement of twelve Articles draftedWith the Queen the Treaty is executed

Pulau Labuan di minta segeraAkan tempat tiang benderaDisana tempat berkira kiraDari Sarawak ke Singapura

Labuan was hastily demandedA place for flag pole erectedThere communications route organisedFrom Sarawak to Singapore realised

Dagang tercenggang mendengar titahHati di dalam sangat gelabahLabuan itu bukan nya mudahAlamat negeri di bawah perintah

The news surprised the writerHis heart felt greatly in a flusterLabuan Island is no small matterSoon the country controlled by foreigner

AFTERMATH OF THE1905-1906 TREATY

• 1906 Sultan Hashim succeded by his son still under age.• Joint Regency of Pengiran Bendahara and Pengiran Pemancha• Pengiran Bendahara still wanted to sell Brunei to Sarawak and his

influence on the young Sultan failed as British asserted their authority.

• Western style Government set up• By 1911 Brunei able to pay its own way• 90 percent of revenue came from cutch followed by coal (mined a

Muara then callec Brooketon)

• (Slide No 5)

20 YEARS AFTER “McARTHUR REPORT”

• Account of life in Brunei in her book “Wanderings In South Eastern Seas” by Charlotte Cameron

• AN ACCOUNT OF BRUNEI ROYAL CUSTOM IN 1920s• BRUNEI SULTAN`S FIRST VISIT TO SINGAPORE• CHRISTMAS AT THE RESIDENCY IN 1922

• (Slide No 6)

PART TWOBRUNEI WOMEN

• TRIPLE ROLE OF WOMEN• BRUNEI WOMEN`S EDUCATION IN THE 1946 ANNUAL REPORT• GLIMPSES OF MY OWN EDUCATION AND CONTEMPORARIES• CURRENT SITUATION OF BRUNEI WOMEN IN EMPLOYMENT/GENDER

IMBALANCE/GLASS CEILING

• (Slide No 7)

SOCIAL INDICATORS

• MILLENIUM DECLARATION 2000 -• (a) health and nutritional status• (b) access to economic and employment opportunities and equality • c) effects of the environment on people`s well-being • OTHERS ARE -• (a) women`s empowerment• (b) right to shelter• (c access to information technology• Traditional indicators in the political arena and public life• GOAL OF MD. EOSC. CS. CPA. CF. CMRFWA

( Target 30% women in democratic process)

• (Slide No 8)

WOMEN NGOs

• GIRL GUIDE ASSOCIATION AND THE BRITISH CONNECTION• KAUM IBU AND BRITISH ENCOURAGEMENT

• (Slide No 9)

PART THREE THE FUTURE

• A) STRENGTHS• Improving the status of women in future by -• (a) Closing Gender Gap/Achieve Gender Equality/Empowerment• (b) Gender Mainstreaming• c) Gender Responsive Budget• (d) BPFA (From UN 4th World Conference On Women,1996 • Resolution of CSW 2005. Strategies of the Council of Women of Brunei

as an international NGO in economic, social and political empowerment of women

• (e) CEDAW• (f) Family friendly programme

• (Slide No 10)

(B) GENDER

• GENDER DEFINITION• GENDER ANALYSIS• GENDER MAINSTREAMING (GM)• WHY GENDER MAINSTREAMING• GENDER EQUALITY AS WOMEN`S RIGHTS• GENDER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM• OBJECTIVES OF GMS• THE STAKEHOLDER FRAMEWORK

• (Slide No 11)

UN, ASEANCOMMONWEALTH

• C) WHAT THE COMMONWEALTH HAS DONE FOR WOMEN STATUS• D) BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION (BPFA), BPFA+10• UN COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN (49TH SESSION 2005)• ASEAN AND ACWO in promoting genuine peace, solidarity and gender-

responsive society

• (Slide No 12)

CEDAW

• AN INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN• THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMNATION AGAINST WOMEN AND THE

PROMOTION OF EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN• ZERO TOLERANCE TO VIOLENCE-AGAINST-WOMEN • ROLE OF NGOs

• (Slide No 13)

CONCLUSION• RECOMMENDATIONS -• SIGN CEDAW• INDEPENDENT COMMISSION FOR WOMEN

• (Slide No 14)