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7/25/2019 brts report.docx
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BRTS
Graduate Report - 2015
Traffic and transportation planning
Bus Rapid Transit System
M. Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester I
Faculty d!is"r Submitted By
#r. $..%hauhan RI$I& PT'
(P*UP++)
Post Graduate Section in Urban Planning
%i!il 'ngineering #epartment
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 1
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BRTS
%&T'&TS
.+ I&TR#U%TI&
-.+ #'FI&ITI& F BRTS.+ /ISTRI% #'0'PM'&T F BRTS
1.+ %/R%T'RISTI%S F T/' BRTS
*.+ B'&'FITS F BRTS
2.+ /M'#B# BRTS
3.+ %&%USI&
4.+ R'F'R'&%'S
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 2
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.+ I&TR#U%TI&
Indias urban population is expected to increase fro 2!" illion in 2001 to 5#$ illion in 202"
%#!&'( )ur countr* +as to ipro,e its urban infrastructure to ac+ie,e obecti,es of econoic
de,elopent( .o/e,er ost of t+e cities in India +a,e inadeuate infrastructure( Urban
transport is one of t+e aor probles affecting t+e obilit* of people and econoic gro/t+ of
t+e urban areas(
T+e Polic* priaril* focuses on t+e obilit* of people and not t+e obilit* of ,e+icles( T+is /ill
reuire t+e public transportation s*ste to be ore attracti,e to use( T+e c+allenge for ipro,ed
bus transport is to pro,ide good ualit* ser,ice at an affordable price( It is iportant to e,aluate
alternati,e public transport tec+nologies in t+e context of cit* c+aracteristics( T+e public
transport options ,ar* bet/een lo/ cost buses to +ig+ cost rail etros( us Rapid Transit is a
relati,el* inexpensi,e ode and can be ipleented ore /idel*( In case of cost consideration
for construction of RTS approxiatel* about 5-20 3rores per 4 /+ereas in etropolitan rails
about 125 to 220 3rores per 46oreo,er t+e s+ape of a cit* is ,er* iportant for selecting t+e
appropriate ode of transport and capacit* building is a ,er* iportant factor in introducing and
ipleenting public transport s*ste(
Se,eral initiati,es +a,e been ta4en in India in t+is regard7 6an* cities +a,e prepared
3opre+ensi,e 6obilit* Plans and +a,e plans to introduce odern bus ser,ices us RapidTransit S*ste %RTS' is coing up in ele,en cities six cities are planning ne/ etro rail
s*stes(
Transp"rtati"n pr"blems "5 Indian metr"p"litan cities are listed bel"67
Unplanned +ap+a8ard de,elopent at t+e suburban fringes /it+out adeuate
infrastructure transport and ot+er public ser,ices( T+e spatial gro/t+ differentials of
6ega cities in India s+o/s t+at in case of angalore 9 gro/ing core and declining
perip+er* /+ereas in :el+i - declining core gro/ing perip+er* and rest of t+e four cities
suc+ as Greater 6ubai ;ol4ata 3+ennai and .*derabad s+o/s t+at declining core and
perip+er*
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 3
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Probles associated /it+ ixed traffic conditions on urban streets of Indian etropolitan
cities are uniue( xtreel* congested roads /it+ an incopatible ix of bot+ otori8ed and non-
otori8ed ,e+icles tra,eling at /idel* different speeds
Rapidl* increasing o/ners+ip and use of pri,ate cars and otorc*cles
Inadeuate road/a* accoodations for buses and non-otori8ed transport
Priiti,e or non-existent traffic control and anageent often /it+out e,ent+e ost
basic street signage
>xtreel* +ig+ and rapidl* rising traffic fatalities especiall* aong
pedestriansandotorc*clists ?on-otori8ed transport road user accounting for "0 to
!0percent and 6otori8ed t/o @+eelers coprises approxiatel* A0 percent of all ,e+icles and constitute 20to #0
percent of fatalities
),ercro/ded uncofortable undependable slo/ uncoordinated Inefficientand
dangerous public transport
>xtreel* +ig+ le,els of transport-related pollution noise and ot+er
>n,ironental ipacts especiall* in t+e etropolitan cities(
-. #'FI&ITI& F BUS RPI# TR&SIT S7ST'M (BRTS)
T+ere is no precise definition of us Rapid Transit S*ste( @rig+t %2005' defines itas a Bbus-
based ass transit s*ste t+at deli,ers fast cofortable and costeffecti,e urban obilit*C( In
=e,inson et al( %200#' it is defined as Ba flexible rubber-tired rapid-transit ode t+at cobines
stations ,e+icles ser,ices running/a*s and Intelligent Transportation S*ste %ITS' eleents
into an integrated s*ste/it+ a strong positi,e identit* t+at e,o4es a uniue iageC(
T+e DRapid Transit /+ic+ describes a +ig+-capacit* transport s*ste /it+ its o/nrig+t-of-/a*
ipleented using buses t+roug+ infrastructural and sc+edulingipro,eents to pro,ide a +ig+
le,el of ser,ice( It incorporates ost of t+e +ig+-ualit*aspects of etropolitan s*stes /it+out
t+e +ig+ in,estents it usesa,ailable space on arterial roads of cities /it+ dedicated bus /a*s
and it utili8esodern tec+nologies for optii8ing flo/ passenger o,eent tic4eting
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 4
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bussc+eduling and traffic signal priorit*( us Rapid Transit S*ste as an approac+ toPro,iding
superior transit ser,ice /it+ buses t+at integrate tec+nolog* an operatingplan %or ser,ice design'
and a custoer interface(
. /ISTRI% #'0'PM'&T F BUS RPI# TR&SIT S7ST'M
T+e first /ide scale de,elopent of t+e us Rapid Transits started in 3uritiba ra8il in 1EA$
alt+oug+ t+ere /ere se,eral saller scale proects prior to its de,elopent( Since t+en 3uritibas
experience +as inspired ot+er cities to de,elop siilar s*stes( In t+e 1EA0s de,elopent of
RTS /as liited to t+e ?ort+ and Sout+
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BRTS
cases tra,el tie reductions resulting fro t+e introduction of RT ser,ices +a,e
soeties exceeded $0&( Riders+ip increases +a,e also been reported deonstrating t+at RT can attract and retain
ne/ and e,en discretionar* riders( >,idence suggests t+at an* of t+e ne/ riders /ere
pre,iousl* otorists and t+at ipro,ed bus ser,ice results in ore freuent tra,el( T+e tra,el tie sa,ings associated /it+ buses operating on t+eir o/n rig+ts-of-/a* +a,e
also ac+ie,ed operating costs and safet* and en,ironentall* benefits( Hor exaple
3uritiba uses #0& less fuel per capita for transportation t+an ot+er aor ra8ilian cities(
T+is +as been attributed in part to t+e success of t+e RT s*ste( =i4e ot+er RT rapid rail transit odes RT stations can pro,ide a point for transit-
oriented de,elopent( If local go,ernents ipleent land use planning policies t+at
encourage de,elopent near RT facilities c+ances of success increase e,en ore(
3ofortable riding a,ailable to citi8en( T+ere /ill be great decrease in t+e rate of road accidents(
1. %/R%T'RISTI%S F T/' BRTS
P+*sicall* segregated bus /a*s
It eans separate lane is exclusi,el* dedicatedto us Rapid Transit S*ste( T+e edian
and t+e inner ost lane or t+e leftost lane can be dedicated to t+e bus( In case of edian lanes
bus stops orstations can be built in t+e edian to furt+er ipro,e t+e flo/
us Rapid Transits s*ste is on Dat grade le,el so build easier access andcofortable and
efficient +ig+ station platfors and s+elters( )nl* RTS buses+a,e access rapid boarding and
alig+ting disabilit* and user friendl*
3onstruction tie for us Rapid Transit S*ste is relati,el* s+ort( Planning andconstruction of
1! 4 span of RTS /ill ta4e 1 to # *ears and in case ofetropolitan areas it is about # to 5
*ears
>fficient fleet anageent and +ig+ passenger ,olues - in case of ogotJ%Trans 6ilena
P+ase 1K2a' about 1020000 passengers per da* and axiupea4 +our ,olue per direction is
about #5000 passengers per +our %including2K2 lanes'( @+ereas in 3uritiba about 5#0000
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 6
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passengers per da* and axiupea4 +our ,olue per direction is about 1$000 passengers per
+our %1K1 lanes'(and
.ig+ coercial speeds of bus operations not/it+standing at-gradeintersections( T+e ain
reason for +ig+ speed is segregated bus /a*s fareprepa*ent +ig+ station platfors and express
ser,ices(
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>xclusi,e tra,el /a*s reduce tra,el ties in general about 1(5 to 2 inutes per ile %.obertet al
200$'(
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s*stes pro,ide a dedicated corridor for uic4er bus o,eents %coupled /it+ bus priorit*
signaling s*ste' and gi,e a segregated and safe corridor for pedestrians and non-otori8ed
transport li4e c*cles and c*cle ric4s+a/s(
2. /M'#B# BRTS
T+e Go,ernent of Guarat +ad declared 2005 t+e MNear of Urban :e,elopentD %S+a+eri i4as
ars+'( :uring t+is particular *ear t+e urban de,elopent departent undertoo4 ,arious
initiati,es to resol,e urban issues suc+ as traffic anageent and t+e introduction and
en+anceent of a cit* transport s*ste( T+e Guarat Infrastructure :e,elopent oard %GI:'
PT Uni,ersit* /as assigned t+e /or4 of t+e preparing of a :etailed Proect Report %:PR' for
t+e ipleentation of t+e RTS proect in
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-. BRT Stati"ns;
#! long # /ide edian bus stations closed /it+ necessar* access controls at le,el boarding-
alig+ting off-board tic4eting s*ste IT enabled O Passenger Inforation S*ste securit*
s*stes O pedestrian crossings O grade separated(
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 10
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. Bus Features
St*list buses designed for passenger cofort /ide central doors %1(2K 1(2- entr* and exit'
%E00KL- $0 floor +eig+t' "0 person9capacit* and clean fuel >uro-III :iesel(
I>@ )H RTS US
$( Intelligent Transp"rtati"n System (ITS)
)perations 3ontrol
lectronic Hare 3ollection
Real-tie Passenger Inforation S*ste
Traffic 6anageent %
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*. 559b"ard 5are c"llecti"n
Hare pa*ent at t+e station instead of on board t+e bus eliinates t+e dela* caused b*passengers pa*ing on board(
2. Intersecti"n treatment
Pro+ibiting turns for traffic across t+e bus lane significantl* reduces dela*s to t+e buses( us
priorit* /ill often be pro,ided at signali8ed intersections to reduce dela*s b* extending t+e green
p+ase or reducing t+e red p+ase in t+e reuired direction copared to t+e noral seuence(
M'RITS
Impr"!ement in tra!el speed;
Pea4 +our speed- 25 ;p+ as opposed to 1"-1A 4p+ of
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Reduced c"ngesti"n;
3ongestion +as long been recogni8ed as an en,ironental proble( )t+er t+an causing dela* it
causes noise and fues and increases +ealt+ ris4s to road users and residents( 3ost estiates for
.3S are significantl* less t+an t+e cost of grade separators pro,ided to reduce congestion(
#ependable Ser!ice
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BRTS
Ridership Increase;
Riders+ip +as increased consistentl* t+roug+ ele,ent+ ont+ b* #05&(
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#'M'RITS
1( #ecrease in sa5ety "5 &MT !ehicles
< copre+ensi,e apping of ?6T facilities /as done along t+e RT corridor b* our
sur,e* tea and t+e pro,ision of footpat+s and bic*cle trac4s /as easured and copared /it+
t+e proposal(@al4ing and c*cling are t/o aor lo/-carbon odes of transport and t+e* are
ainl* used b* lo/ in coe groups due to t+e 8ero cost of using t+e( T+e :PR for P+ase-I
realised t+at pedestra!s a!d "#"$sts %ere t&e '(st a""de!t pr(!e) "('prs!g 61
per "e!t (* t&e t(ta$ a""de!ts %&e! t&ese '(des "('prsed 55+21 per "e!t (* t&e
t(ta$ trps ! t&e "t# ,A-C) A.DA a!d C/PT .!erst#) 2007+
2( #em"liti"n "5 h"uses
T+e RTS proect +as caused deolition of +ouses along t+e corridor and displaceent of
+a/4ers on t+ese stretc+es( .a/4ers +a,e been displaced because t+ere +as been no attept to
integrate t+e into t+e ain design( Fanarg street design +as not been sensiti,e to ot+er street
acti,ities along t+e corridor eit+er( Inforal street acti,ities are an iportant aspect of urban
li,ing in Indian cities /+ic+ s+ould +a,e been ac4no/ledged and ta4en as a design c+allenges(
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 2015Page 15
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. &"n9inclusi"n "5 street !end"rs in design
FanargDs fora* into t+e +eart of t+e old cit* /ill furt+er increase t+ese probles if t+e street
c+aracter is not ta4en into consideration in street design( FanargDs ne/ route construction near
t+e ain bus stand +as alread* started displacing ,endors and ot+er ar4ets along it( ?earl* 500
,endors and residents around Geeta 6andir us terinus +eld a d+arna %protest sit-in' in Fanuar*
2012 against t+e decision of t+e ci,ic bod* to construct a double trac4 of RTS t+ere as t+eRTS is supposedl* going to deolis+ #00 s+ops %:ail* ?e/s
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T+e segregation bet/een bot+ bus ser,ices is coplete in ters of p+*sical infrastructure
tic4eting and social ar4eting(
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%&%USI&S
Hro t+is public perception sur,e* it can be concluded t+at RTS is econoical for A$& people
and iddle incoe groups are freuentl* using it( Sur,e* also s+o/ t+at A2& people t+oug+t
t+at it is tie sa,ing $1& people said t+at it is excellent as copared to
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R'F'R'&%'S
1' en(/i4ipedia(orgL/i4iLhmedabadQBRTS
2' ///(unep(orgLtransportL(((LPd5>sLRTQ3asestudiesQIndiaQfullreport#' ///(a+edabadbrts(org
$' ///(slides+are(net
5' ///(cept(ac(in
"' ///(researc+gate(net
A' +ttp7LL///2(du(d4L1Q,idenL2Qpubli4ationerL#QarbrapporterLrapporterLar1$!(pdf
!' science(ran4(org
E' ///(/isegee4(org
10' ///(brt(cl
11' indiaen,ironentportal(org(in
12' +ttp7LL///(itc(nlLlibrar*LpapersQ200!LscLupLbarac+ar*a(pdf
1#' ///(crrido(go,(in
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