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Brown Trout V.S. Brook Brown Trout V.S. Brook TroutTrout
German Brown TroutGerman Brown Trout Scientific nameScientific name
Salmo truttaSalmo trutta
NON-NATIVE, usually native NON-NATIVE, usually native to the areas within Europe to the areas within Europe and western Asiaand western Asia
Arrived in the late 1800sArrived in the late 1800s Identifiable by the coloring, Identifiable by the coloring,
a golden brown to a olive a golden brown to a olive brown with yellowish sidesbrown with yellowish sides
Back and sides have dark Back and sides have dark spots that are encircled with spots that are encircled with light yellow or white coloringlight yellow or white coloring
So why are they here?So why are they here? Brown trout were widely Brown trout were widely
introduced into North America introduced into North America around 1883around 1883
The eggs were shipped to a local The eggs were shipped to a local hatchery in Long Island, New York hatchery in Long Island, New York by a German named Baron Lucius by a German named Baron Lucius von Behrvon Behr
Von Behr had brought these over Von Behr had brought these over to provide a substitute for the to provide a substitute for the brook trout (brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalisSalvelinus fontinalis) that were disappearing because of that were disappearing because of the encroachment of civilization the encroachment of civilization on their wild, pristine habitaton their wild, pristine habitat
This species is also found in Asia, This species is also found in Asia, New Zealand, South America, and New Zealand, South America, and Africa Africa
Known to be the most widely Known to be the most widely distributed trout in the worlddistributed trout in the world
Not Only Found Here!Not Only Found Here! Now, the brown trout is a prized and wary European Now, the brown trout is a prized and wary European
game fish that is favored amongst most peoplegame fish that is favored amongst most people
The brown trout has several different varieties that can The brown trout has several different varieties that can be found around the worldbe found around the world Loch Leven trout found in Great BritainLoch Leven trout found in Great Britain
These fish are transplanted because they are able to These fish are transplanted because they are able to thrive in warmer waters than some of the other species thrive in warmer waters than some of the other species of trout that are found in open waterof trout that are found in open water
However, there is one species of trout (sea trout) that is However, there is one species of trout (sea trout) that is much larger than freshwater forms and provides good much larger than freshwater forms and provides good sport fishingsport fishing
Whirling DiseaseWhirling Disease The European trout has enacted a The European trout has enacted a
kind of revenge on the rainbow trout kind of revenge on the rainbow trout that eat them overseasthat eat them overseas
It is in the form of one of their native It is in the form of one of their native parasites, a protozoan that causes parasites, a protozoan that causes the so called “whirling disease”the so called “whirling disease”
The term whirling is used because of The term whirling is used because of the fact that it makes its victims the fact that it makes its victims chase their tailschase their tails
Introduced around the 1950s, though Introduced around the 1950s, though had been laying dormant. However, had been laying dormant. However, for many unknown reasons in the for many unknown reasons in the 1990s the disease caught back on 1990s the disease caught back on and began wiping out strains of both and began wiping out strains of both rainbow and cutthroat troutrainbow and cutthroat trout
The brown trout is considered The brown trout is considered the most successful fish the most successful fish introduction in the United introduction in the United States, largely due to the fact States, largely due to the fact that the disease helped that the disease helped suppress the competitorssuppress the competitors
Among some species that are Among some species that are losing out to the over-losing out to the over-populated brown trout is the populated brown trout is the state fish of California, the state fish of California, the California golden trout California golden trout ((Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
Also, their voracious appetite is Also, their voracious appetite is causing endangerment to causing endangerment to California’s rarer frog species California’s rarer frog species like the mountain yellow-like the mountain yellow-legged froglegged frog
Figure 1.1 Distribution Map for Whirling Disease that can be found within both trout and salmon. Everything in Green is where it can be found, and Red is where it is not located yet
Figure 1.2 Life Cycle of Whirling Disease
Figure 1.3
What you can do to prevent the spread of Whirling Disease
Why Stock?Why Stock? Many of the state fish and game officials have for over a Many of the state fish and game officials have for over a
century routinely transferred species from outside their century routinely transferred species from outside their normal range to diversify or even increase angling normal range to diversify or even increase angling opportunities for the general publicopportunities for the general public
Often, the native species will disappear (brook trout)Often, the native species will disappear (brook trout) Widespread introduction of the brown trout has depressed Widespread introduction of the brown trout has depressed
or even eliminated populations of many of the local trout or even eliminated populations of many of the local trout species in the western part of the United States, an area at species in the western part of the United States, an area at one time rich in local native trout numbersone time rich in local native trout numbers
States are currently rethinking deliberate introductions States are currently rethinking deliberate introductions that have an impact on their local species, and research is that have an impact on their local species, and research is being conducted to evaluate non-native influences on local being conducted to evaluate non-native influences on local food chains.food chains.
Brook TroutBrook Trout Scientific NameScientific Name
Salvenlinus fontinalisSalvenlinus fontinalis
Color patterns varies from the Color patterns varies from the brown troutbrown trout Color ranges from green to Color ranges from green to
brown basic coloration brown basic coloration (distinctive marbled (distinctive marbled pattern)pattern)
Distinctive sprinkling of red Distinctive sprinkling of red dots that are surrounded by dots that are surrounded by blue haloes blue haloes
The Native OneThe Native One Brook trout are the true North American native, found as Brook trout are the true North American native, found as
far south as Georgia all the way up to the Arctic Circle, far south as Georgia all the way up to the Arctic Circle, and west into Washington and Oregonand west into Washington and Oregon
Can also be found within reaches of the Canadian Can also be found within reaches of the Canadian provinces, South America, and Europeprovinces, South America, and Europe
Brook trout were the only known species that the fly Brook trout were the only known species that the fly fishers chased in the eastern United States at one point fishers chased in the eastern United States at one point in timein time
Since the decline happened and the introduced brown Since the decline happened and the introduced brown trout came into direct competition, the brook trout trout came into direct competition, the brook trout started to lose it popularity in the late 19started to lose it popularity in the late 19thth century century
Quick FactsQuick Facts
They are also known as speckled trout or squaretailThey are also known as speckled trout or squaretail
Brook trout is very popular as a freshwater game fish Brook trout is very popular as a freshwater game fish because of its variety of char and regarded flavorbecause of its variety of char and regarded flavor
Many people like to fish for it because of the fighting Many people like to fish for it because of the fighting qualities when hookedqualities when hooked
It has also been transplanted to many other parts of It has also been transplanted to many other parts of the world, because it can thrive inside cold, clean the world, because it can thrive inside cold, clean fresh water fresh water
Brook Trout RestorationBrook Trout Restoration Local communities and DNR officials are trying to restore the native Local communities and DNR officials are trying to restore the native
brook trout back into natural habitat since they are slowly brook trout back into natural habitat since they are slowly disappearing due to brown trout introductiondisappearing due to brown trout introduction
One of the groups that are trying to do this is the Land O’ Sky Trout One of the groups that are trying to do this is the Land O’ Sky Trout UnlimitedUnlimited
The Great Smoky Mountains National Park has begun a program The Great Smoky Mountains National Park has begun a program to reintroduce the Southern Appalachian Brook Trout to as much to reintroduce the Southern Appalachian Brook Trout to as much of its original territory as possibleof its original territory as possible
Their main goal is to re-establish stable reproducing populations Their main goal is to re-establish stable reproducing populations in healthy streams and to ensure this unique genotype is in healthy streams and to ensure this unique genotype is protected and preservedprotected and preserved
Signed in 1998 between T.U. North Carolina, Tennessee, and the Signed in 1998 between T.U. North Carolina, Tennessee, and the Great Smoky Mountains National ParkGreat Smoky Mountains National Park
The trout has lost approximately 75% of its range within the The trout has lost approximately 75% of its range within the park, and some of the causes for this includes logging, park, and some of the causes for this includes logging, subsequent stocking of non-native trout, and stream subsequent stocking of non-native trout, and stream degradation from acidificationdegradation from acidification
By 1975, the population with native trout had become mostly By 1975, the population with native trout had become mostly restricted to marginal headwater streams above 3,500 feetrestricted to marginal headwater streams above 3,500 feet