BROADBAND FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

By

Gagan Goel, Dy.Manager (Electrical)

IFFCO AONLA UNIT, BAREILLY

Broadband- Broad Definition

Generally, Broadband describes

high speed, high capacity data

communication making use of

DSL, Cable Modem, Ethernet,

Fixed Wireless Access, Optical

Fiber, W-LAN, V-SAT etc.

There is no specific international

definition for the Broadband

though there is a common

understanding among developed

and developing countries that it

should be more than 2MBPS.

Broadband in India

As per Broadband Policy 2004 & GoI notification dated 18/07/2013, Broadband in India is defined as: Broadband is an Always-On data

connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of the minimum download speed of 512 kbps to an individual subscriber from the point of presence (POP) of the service provider intending to provide Broadband service.

In INDIA, Total Broadband (> 512 Kbps) subscription is 58.00 million at the end of February, 2014. Out of which, wired broadband subscription is 14.80 million and wireless broadband subscription is 43.20 million.

BROADBAND applications

5

Broadband is used for various applications like E-Mail, Education, Entertainment, Chat & E-commerce.

In rural areas e-governance , e-health, e-education, e-agriculture applications will require huge bandwidth, as bandwidth requirement is inversely proportional to literacy level.

Purpose of Broadband %

E-Mail 91%

General Information Search 76%

Educational Information Search 49%

Text Chat 46%

Online Gaming 41%

Online Jobsites 37%

Music/ Video on Internet 32%

Financial Information Search 21%

Book railway ticket on Internet 21%

Online Banking 20%

Online NEWS 13%

Internet Telephony/ Video chat 13%

Emerging Broadband Services

6

High speed Internet access (death of World-Wide-Wait) – Still the killer application for Broadband in India

Video-On Demand, Interactive TV, IPTV, Time Shifted TV, Videoconferencing (Multimedia over Broadband)

Triple Play (data, voice, video) – By UASP

IP-VPN (low cost connectivity) – By UASP/NLDO

VOIP (permitted only for UASPs)

Interactive Gaming (future killer application)

4 e‟s (e-Governance, e-Learning, e-Health, e-Commerce)

(i) Broadband over copper loop Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL)

TV

[video]

Phone

[voice]

PC

[data]

LEX

(Local

Exchange)

DSLAM

CDN Internet

Content Delivery Network

Twisted Pair

Copper Loop

Local PSTN

Exchange

DSL Modem

Customer

Premises

Digital Subscriber Line

Access Multiplexer

1. WIRELINE TECHNOLOGIES

Technology Alternatives for Wireline

Broadband

DSL Technology Options

Family ITU Name Ratified Maximum

Speed

capabilities ADSL G.992.1 G.dmt 1999 7 Mbps down

800 kbps up

ADSL2 G.992.3 G.dmt.bis 2002 8 Mb/s down

1 Mbps up

ADSL2plus G.992.5 ADSL2plus 2003 24 Mbps down

1 Mbps up

ADSL2-RE G.992.3 Reach

Extended

2003 8 Mbps down

1 Mbps up

SHDSL

(updated 2003)

G.991.2 G.SHDSL 2003 5.6 Mbps up/down

VDSL G.993.1 Very-high-data-

rate DSL

2004 55 Mbps down

15 Mbps up

VDSL2 -12 MHz

long reach

G.993.2 Very-high-data-

rate DSL 2

2005 55 Mbps down

30 Mbps up

VDSL2 - 30 MHz

Short reach

G.993.2 Very-high-data-

rate DSL 2

2005 100 Mbps

up/down

Market Status of DSL Technology

• DSL is the #1 Broadband Choice in the World with

over 65% marketshare and more than 200 million

users

• DSL is available in every region of the world, and

ADSL owns the majority of the market though VDSL

and ADSL2plus are gaining ground

• DSL is capable of providing up to 100 Mbp, and

supports voice, video and data.

(ii) Cable TV Networks for broadband access

– Broadband over cable TV accounts for 74% of total connections in US, and 55% in Canada. Speed upto 20 mbps.

– 55 million cable homes in India, but infrastructure can not support bi-directional communication and requires upgrade which is costly

– Regulatory environment via Unified License of Digital Addressable CATV, allows this with few operators already doing so.

– To start with Cable TV network which is uni-directional can be used for downloading, the uplink to be conventional narrow band like dialup/ ISDN/ RADIO

Home

Terminal

Cable

Modem

TV

PC

Internet

CATV

Network

iii) Fibre Optic Cable Technologies

–Fiber To The Home (FTTH) – Fibre in last mile to deliver converged services 100 MBPS

–Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) – by Cable TV operators

–GPON (Gigabit - Passive Optical Network) – triple play over TDM

(No limitation of distance or throughput speeds)

(up to 2.5 Gbps downstream rate and a greater distance from a central office (20 to 40 kilometers) Government of India has approved the setting up of National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN) on 25/10/211 through a new PSU BBNL to provide connectivity to 2,50,000 Gram Panchayats.

–Use of existing domestic power connections for sending data

–Throughput in the range of 1 MHz (4 – 6 Mbps)

–Ideal for rural areas where telecom / cable TV infrastructure may not be there

–IIIT Allahabad has undertaken a project in co-operation with Corinex Communications Canada to implement a prototype of BPL for University campus and nearby villages.

iv) Broadband over Powerline (BPL) Technologies

2. WIRELESS/MOBILE BROADBAND

TECHNOLOGY Trends

In year 2000, 189 countries came together to

discuss global challenges facing us.

They came up with 8 Millennium Development

Goals to be achieved by 2015.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Broadband Commission for Digital

Development

In May 2010, ITU and UNESCO, got concerned about

the time lines of implementing MDGs.

5 years only to 2015.

Will all the countries have delivered on their promises?

This led to the formation of Broadband commission for

Digital Development.

How to speed MDG Realization

Broadband is the answer!

Embrace a common leadership vision that has profound implications for the accelerated achievement of the millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the internationally-agreed deadline of 2015

“Broadband Inclusion for All”

New York, September 19, 2010

MDG 1: Reducing poverty in the Information Age

CALL IT INFORMATION POVERTY:

1.4 billion people still lived on USD 1.25 or less per day.

10 million people still die annually of hunger

Present trends in rising food prices and the global economic crisis have

pushed at least 90 million more back into poverty

Due to unavailability of data communication infrastructure, individuals

and communities denied access to knowhow or market price data to

sell their produce which can reduce poverty.

Broadband impact on Economy

20

20

Source: World Bank

The World Bank (2009)

estimates that every 10%

increase in access to

broadband results in

1.38% growth in Gross

Domestic Product (GDP)

for developing countries. In

India, broadband has

already generated nearly 9

million direct and indirect

jobs.

MDG 2: Seventy million children still in need of UPE

70 million children do not enjoy a

primary school education.

Broadband networks can deliver

education interactivity & economically.

Online education is easing the

resource bottleneck in training

teachers;

To meet MDG-2, additional teachers

is being trained online in African

Countries.

In India, Governments and NGOs are

providing schools with PCs and

Internet connectivity to foster primary

education.

GOI is also focusing on National

Knowledge Network for connecting

colleges and universities to high

speed Internet.

E-learning

MDG 3: Can broadband empower women?

Poverty is not just a devastating problem worldwide, it is also a disempowering

one.

Women are disproportionately represented in vulnerable or insecure

employment.

It’s here that telecoms – and in the future, broadband – could be one critical tool

in empowerment, as one towering role model shows: the GRAMEEN social

business concept in Bangladesh. 400,000 village entrepreneurs – the vast

majority of whom are so-called Village Phone Ladies – have been created

through this initiative.

Closing the mobile gender gap and bringing 600 million more women

online could increase global GDP by $13-18 billion.

MDG 4: Child health – broadband’s most important challenge?

Bringing child mortality down by two-thirds from 1990 to 2015 is the focus of the UN’s 4th MDG.

Major causes of child mortality – malnutrition, pneumonia, malaria, diarrhea, measles, HIV/AIDS, tetanus – remain treatable, but communities lack resources & knowledge to treat them.

WHO estimated a worldwide shortage of 4.3 million medical professionals

TELEMEDICINE : Only one computer, a scanner & a camera can transform into a hospital but the biggest need is broadband, which would allow doctors to share images and diagnose patients hundreds of miles away using video-conferencing.

Kenya and Rwanda, are already beginning to prioritize broadband as a platform for future health service delivery.

MDG 5: maternal health

In Africa and South Asia, under half of all births are attended by a midwife & complications during pregnancy and childbirth remain the most frequent cause of death for women.

Lack of access to health services is particularly acute for women in remote rural areas.

High-speed Internet enables health workers outside major centres to receive quality training and exchange experiences and information through video-conferencing, interactive discussion forums

Nigeria is linking 40 health centres to provide midwives with live training via video-conferencing.

Broadband services can give women easier access to information on family planning, hygiene and other reproductive health issues.

Rwanda, in 2009 spectacularly cut the annual maternal death toll from 2,875 to 224, is in no doubt about the health benefits of broadband.

MDG 6: Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other

diseases HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and

malaria kill more than four

million people every year, while 1

billion people suffer from

elephantiasis.

Success in combating these

diseases often rests on persuading

people to take simple low-tech

preventive measures, such as using

condoms or insecticide-treated

bednets.

Personalized risk assessments for HIV/AIDS through interactive online programs. Many

people may find it easier to answer questions posed by a computer than talk face to face

about sensitive subjects like sex;

Interactive online training and refresher courses for health workers, including video

conferencing;

Using images from India’s remote sensing satellites, the Malaria Research Centre in New

Delhi mapped areas where a particular malaria-carrying mosquito was likely to be found,

based on breeding and lifecycle patterns. These areas could then be targeted for control

measures.

MDG 7: Using broadband to ensure environmental

sustainability

The MDG on ensuring environmental sustainability spans a wide range of

targets, from the provision of safe drinking water and basic sanitation facilities

to reducing biodiversity loss and improving the lives of slum dwellers.

Combined with GPS-enabled mobile phones, they can support emergency

communications and medical assistance when disaster strikes.

Broadband-powered GPS-based applications can also help monitor

environmental abuses in real-time, such as illegal logging or ships illegally

washing out their tankers at sea (according to technology developed by the

firm Astrium), and transmit that information to regulatory authorities and

advocacy groups.

Internet and broadband can help in reducing emissions by 25 percent as

people can use mobile, teleconferencing and telecommuting and e-

commerce facilities. All these will help in saving lot of CO2 emissions.

MDG 8: Broadband empowers partnerships for development

Millennium Development Goal 8 on partnerships for development includes a specific target on

extending the benefits of new technologies, including information and communication

technologies (ICTs), in cooperation with the private sector. While the phenomenal growth of

mobile telephony in the developing world has transformed access to basic connectivity, the

‘digital divide’ remains enormous, especially where the Internet and broadband are concerned.

While a quarter of the world’s population now uses the Internet, in the very poorest countries, that

proportion is just two per cent. The ITU‟s „Connect the World‟ campaign aims to narrow the

„digital divide‟ by connecting all communities by 2015, the MDG target date, and by

ensuring half the world‟s population has access to broadband services. In developing

countries, and more remote areas of industrialized nations, this is likely to be achieved largely

through new wireless mobile broadband technologies such as WiMAX, which already serves over

twenty low- and middle-income countries.

Broadband networks can also help with other targets within MDG 8, such as addressing

the special needs of landlocked and small island developing countries.

Similarly, distance working or teleworking enabled by broadband can help in advancing another

MDG 8 target, to develop strategies for ‘decent and productive work for youth’. However, the

greatest contribution of broadband towards achieving the MDGs may be its catalytic role in

empowering people by giving them both knowledge and a voice in the public arena.

Final Remark The benefits of new technologies, especially ICTs, should be

made available by government in cooperation with the private

sector to meet the objectives of MDG in the country.

Broadband networks may even pay for themselves, due to

savings made in delivering services. In Australia, for example, it

has been estimated that cost savings in healthcare alone could

pay for the country’s National Broadband Network twice over.

For developing countries, the solution is likely to be found in

mobile broadband — using a mobile phone, of which there are

now some five billion worldwide, to connect to the information

society. By improving education, medical services, trade and

more, broadband Internet access can make a tremendous

difference. High-speed networks can lead to high-speed growth.

THANK YOU