Broadband Architecture Ibbarch001

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1BROADBAND ARCHITECTURE

BROADBAND ARCHITECTURE

MODULE ID: IBBARCH001

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Introduction to Broadband broadband refers to telecommunication in which a

wide band of frequencies is available to transmit information.

Information is multiplexed and sent on many different frequencies or channels within the band concurrently, allowing more information to be transmitted in a given amount of time

Wireless broadband deployment is done using geographic population density must be weighed against bandwidth limitations to plan what services the chosen technology can support.

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Introduction to Broadband

Broadband Whether wired or wireless?

When it comes to broadband technology delivery on the wired front we have copper and fibre.

Copper moved from just ADSL to Metro Ethernet (which became Carrier Ethernet) and provide multi-megabit connections

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Mobile wireless broadband technologies like EDGE , 3G , Wimax and Wi-Fi were introduced for emergency data services.

Converged mobile/PDA devices have advanced tremendously and they are a key enabler for true mobility in advanced service delivery and more widespread reach.

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In Wired Broadband networks "Basic Ethernet services are being used to deliver the next generation of business services, including virtual private networks, high-speed internet and voice over IP."

Carrier Ethernet over copper as being the cost-effective way to rapidly deploy high-performance and highly reliable Ethernet services over an existing infrastructure.

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Residential Broadband Architecture Model

AccessAccessnetworknetwork

ISP (POP)

RegionalRegionalBroadbandBroadband

NetworkNetworkCO

Internet

ContentProviders

Network AccessProvider

ServiceProviders

Customerpremise

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Broadband Network Architecture Model

Broadband ControlBroadband

Service Provider

Application Service Provider

Video Headends Control

IP Router

Ethernet Aggregation

GPON

xDSL

VDSL

ADSL2+

Broadband Home

(SOHO)

Transport

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DSL Broadband

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a technology that delivers broadband over PSTN line

With DSL technology, large volumes of information are sent over a copper cable at rapid speeds.

DSL allows to download web pages, text,

graphics, music and video in real time

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ADSL Network Architecture

Customer PremisesNetwork

AccessNetwork

RegionalBroadband

NetworkService Provider

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ADSL Frequency Spectrum

Upstream Downstream

1104

1 Mbps 8 Mbps

138263.43.4

Frequency (kHz)

POTS ADSL

0.30.3 142

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ADSL Broadband

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a technology similar to the DSL technology.

With ADSL, information is downloaded more rapidly than it is uploaded.

ADSL is particularly useful for homes and businesses as it can download web pages and files at fast speeds.

ADSL2 and ADSL2+ are new technologies offering speed up to 24Mbps.

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ADSL Broadband

ADSL supports down-stream rates much higher than up-stream

Very attractive choice for Internet service

Multiple services like voice, video and data are supported

The ADSL technology consists, a set of office-end equipment called DSLAM at the central office (CO) and a set of Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) at the user end

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Principle used in ADSL

An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on each end of a telephone line, creating three information channels :

a high-speed downlink channel an medium speed uplink channel a POTS channel (0 kHz ~ 4 kHz)

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ADSL Technology

To create multiple channels, ADSL modem divides the available bandwidth of a telephone line using

Frequency Division Multiplexing Echo Cancellation

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Features of Broadband Services

High speed data download - 256 kbps to 2 Mbps Always on Internet Connection Static IP on demand by customer. IPTV- Multicast Video Services, Video-on-demand

etc. VPN Can share Broadband connection to create own

LAN network i.e. more than one PC can be connected.

VoIP

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ADSL Network Components

The basic components of ADSL network architecture are:

ADSL Modem / ADSL router Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

(DSLAM) Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS) T1 and T2 switches

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ADSL Network Architecture Elements

ISP

INTERNET

LOCAL LOOP

DSLAM

BRASOFC

ADSL Modem

PSTN

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ADSL CPE Features

ADSL CPE performs the following functions

DHCP server NAT Protocol encapsulation Routing Filtering

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DSLAM DSLAM is a system that multiplexes several DSLs. DSLAM is a system that allows the user to access

Broadband services as well as originate and receive PSTN calls over the same copper wire simultaneously

DSLAM functions:- Aggregates the output from ADSL lines. Enforces quality of service (QoS) policies Routes or Bridges data traffic towards backbone

network DSLAM are available in two flavors:

Traditional DSLAM IP DSLAM

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Tier 2 switch

DSLAMs / BBDLCs are connected to the Tier 2 switch

Tier 2 switch will aggregate traffic from DSLAMs and send it to the Tier 1 switch

Provides redundancy.

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Tier 1 switch

All Tier 2 switches are connected to the Tier 1 switch

Tier 1 switch will aggregate the traffic from Tier 2 switches and send it to the BRAS

Launching of services in broadband Network.

Provides redundancy

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Broadband Remote Access Server- BBRAS

The BBRAS is the aggregation point for the user traffic. It is an IP Edge Router where bandwidth and QoS policies may be applied.

BBRAS is an application running on router that: Provides user PPPoE sessions . Enforces quality of service (QoS) policies Routes traffic into an Internet service provider's

(ISP's) backbone network The router provides the logical termination for

PPP sessions, as well as the interface to authentication and accounting systems.

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Ericsson - ADSL Network Architecture

GWRouter

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

IPDSLAM IP

DSLAMIP

DSLAM

Ethernet Switch

IPDSLAM

IPDSLAM

Tier I LS

Tier II LS

IP DSLAM

GE 10km LX SMGE 70km LH SMGE 550m SX MM

GWRouter

Ethernet Switch

RSTP

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch IPDSLAM

BBRAS BRAS(ERX)

Ethernet Switch

BRAS(ERX)

Ethernet Switch

RSTP

Aggregation Switch

ISP

Data

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ISP or corporate network

PPPPPP

ATMATM

PPPPPP

IPIP

ClientTelco: CO and

Core network

IPIP

ICP

ADSLADSL

ADSL End-To-End Protocol Architecture

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Connecting to ADSL Broadband

Required steps (not necessarily in order) User requests service Loop and PC qualification Loop installation Device and Protocol installation Local connection configuration Local network connectivity establishment Sign-on, service selection, and connection Account authorization and service creation

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Fixed Wireless

Wireless broadband may deliver access where other broadband technologies are not currently commercially or technically viable.

Fixed wireless broadband uses an aerial fitted to the outside of a house, it requires 'line of sight' between your home and the wireless base station.

It may be for areas that doesn't have access to ADSL

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Fiber Broadband

This is the fastest type of broadband available. It is the same technology that is used by the Internet Backbone and uses Fiber Optic Cables

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Mobile Broadband

The other type of broadband available to those who cannot get broadband over the fixed telephone lines is Mobile Broadband (3G or).

Mobile broadband is delivered over the same network as mobile phones and like mobile phones speeds can vary depending on how close you are to the transmitter and how busy the network is and the technology type.

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Mobile Broadband

Wireless broadband is high-speed Internet and data service delivered through a wireless local area network (WLAN) or wireless wide area network (WWAN).

A fixed wireless broadband technologies include LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution System) and

MMDS(Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service) systems for broadband microwave wireless transmission direct from a local antenna to homes and businesses within a line-of-sight radius.

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Mobile Broadband

A mobile broadband works through a variety of devices, including portable modems and mobile phones, and a variety of technologies including WiMax , GPRS, and LTE.

Mobile devices can connect from any location within the area of coverage.

WiMAX supports both fixed and mobile wireless Wireless broadband is sometimes abbreviated as WiBB and is also known as "broadband wireless."

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Wireless Home Network

Wireless technologies are designed to reduce the time

and different type of obstacles created by the cables.

Wireless networks have more convenient working as

compared to other type of wired networking.

Wireless network is the type of the computer

networking in which computer is connected with the

different telecommunication devices wirelessly.

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Wireless Fidelity

popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on IEEE 802.11 standards.

It is widely used technology advancement in wireless communication.

WI-FI provides wireless access to applications and data across a radio network.

Transmitter: Wireless Router (Hotspot ) Receiver: Wifi enabled Laptop, Mobile, Tablet etc

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Wireless Fidelity

IEEE 802.11 WI-FI technology in 1997. Price was very high till 2002

New 802.11g standards in year 2003 has led to the creation of affordable Wi-Fi enabled device in masses.

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Wireless Fidelity

Beginning of WiFi Technology

Liberty of connecting to the Internet from any place

It is quicker than the conventional modem for accessing information over a large network.

Users can easily change their location without disruption in their network access.

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Wireless Fidelity

Wi-Fi location where the users can connect to the wireless network is called a Wi-Fi hotspot.

Accessing a wireless network(wifi) through a hotspot in some cases is cost-free while in some it may carry additional charges.

Many standard Wi-Fi chips such as PCI, miniPCI, USB, Cardbus and PC card, ExpressCard make the Wi-Fi experience convenient for the users.

But now every single thing comes with Wifi.

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Software tools for WiFi

Windows users: KNSGEM II, NetStumbler, OmniPeek, Stumbverter, WiFi Hopper, APTools.

Unix users : Aircrack, Aircrack-ptw, AirSnort, CoWPAtty,Karma.

Mac users : MacStumble, KisMAC, Kismet.

Users may select a Wi-Fi software tool that is compatible with their computer or else it should be builtin

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How WiFi Technology works

Radio bands such as 2.4GHz and 5GHz depend on wireless hardware such as Ethernet protocol and CSMA.

Initially, Phase Shift Keying (PSK), a modulation method for conveying data was used, however now it has been replaced with CCK.

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Wireless Fidelity( Wi-Fi ) Standards

802.11a technology has the range of 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz

802.11a provides up to 54 Mbps in speed. 802.11g technology is better than 11a as it covers

three non-overlapping channels 802.11e technology is excellent for streaming quality

of video, audio, voice channels etc. 802.11ac is the most upcoming latest standards which

will be completed in the market by 2015.

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How to connect to a Wi-Fi?

An wireless adapter card is essential. The SSID, infrastructure, and data encryption is also

required. The Wi-Fi security methods include

1. MAC ID filtering2. Static IP addressing3. and WEP encryption

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Introduction to WiMAX

The original version of the standard on which WiMAX is based (IEEE 802.16)

Specified physical layer operating in the 10 to 66 GHz range.

802.16a, updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004, added specifications for the 2 to 11 GHz range.

802.16-2004 was updated by 802.16e-2005 in 2005 and uses scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies

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WiMAX

The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard.

The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".

WiMAX has two primary PHY system profiles, the 25 MHz-wide channel for use in (US deployments) the 10.66 GHz range, and the 28 MHz wide channel for use in (European deployments) the 10.66 GHz range.

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Satellite Broadband Service

Satellite broadband uses a small antenna receiver dish fitted to the outside of a house to link up with a satellite in geo-stationary orbit at an altitude of approximately 24,000 miles (18.3 to 30 GHz).

Satellite Broadband aimed at providing Broadband services for rural areas.

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Satellite Broadband Service

January 16, 2012 launch of a new era in satellite broadband IP services as ViaSat-1, the highest capacity satellite in the world, started providing commercial services over North America.

The new high-capacity ( 134 Gbps total throughput ) system is moving satellite into a much more competitive position in the broadband service market.

Aim is to provide in-flight, rural and emergency Broadband services.

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Types of satellite services

There are 2 types of satellite services:

One-way satellite services download information via satellite and upload information via a telephone line

Two-way satellite services download and upload information via satellite. This provides an even higher bandwidth and a faster speed

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Broadband SatelliteViaSat-1's coverage beams reach about 75% of the of the US

Courtesy: www.viasat.com

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Thank You

Broadband ArchitectureSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Residential Broadband Service ModelSlide 7Slide 8ADSL Network ArchitectureSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Features of Broadband / ADSL ServiceADSL Network ComponentsSlide 17ADSL CPE FeaturesDSLAMTier 2 switchTier 1 switchBroadband Remote Access Server- BBRASEricsson - ADSL Network ArchitectureSlide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46

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Broadband Architecture Ibbarch001