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English Literature
What is literature? What is the nature of literature?
What is the value of literature?Why do we study literature?How do we study literature?
Part I Course Description
Definition of English Literature Literature mainly produced in English by the
people living in the UK (American citizens.. Methodology
Historical approach Thematic approach Analytical approach
Requirements Reading before class Note-taking, participation and presentation
in class
Course book: History and anthology of English Literaturegood and authoritative one; Easy to understand; prepare a notebook and copy the outline I provideespecially important to your graduate entrance examination
Suggestions: 刘炳善《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社(条理较好,简单易懂, 很多学校考研的指定书目);张定铨《新编简明英国文学史》(以各时代兴盛的文学形式为主 导);侯维瑞《英国文学通史》(中文写成,内容庞大)
History of English Literature
Old English Literature
Medieval English Literature
Renaissance English Literature
17th century English Literature
18th century English Literature
Romantic English Literature
19th century English Literature
20th century English Literature
Old English Literature
449A.D.---1066 Formation of England Formation of Old English Poetic tradition The Song of Beowulf---the national epic Anglo-Saxon period: from tribal society
to feudalism
Medieval English Literature
About five centuries Feudal system, Roman Catholic church Literary forms: romance, popular
ballad Representatives:Geoffrey Chaucer,
William Langland
Renaissance English Literature
Late 15th century---early 17th century The rise of bourgeois class Renaissance: the rebirth of letters the key: humanism Thomas More: the greatest humanist Representatives: --William Shakespeare: drama --Edmund Spencer: poetry --Francis Bacon: essay
17th century English Literature
English Revolution, Restoration, the “Glorious Revolution”--constitutional monarchy
Literature of the Revolution: --Poetry: John Milton Metaphysical poetry --Prose: John Bunyan Literature of the Restoration: --comedies (comedy of manners) --John Dryden
18th century English Literature
The industrial revolution, the rise of bourgeois middle class
The Enlightenment—the struggle of bourgeoisie against feudalism
Neoclassicism: Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele
Realistic novel: Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding
Sentimentalism: Laurence Stern, Thomas Gray
Pre-Romanticism: William Blake, Robert Burns
Romantic English Literature
The French Revolution & the industrial revolution
Poetry William Wordsworth, S. T. Coleridge Robert Southey; Byron, Shelley, Keats Prose: Charles Lamb Novel: Walter Scott, Jane Austen
19th century English Literature
The Victorian period The struggle between the working class
and the capitalists Critical realism: novel (the 40s and early 50s) Charles Dickens, W. M. Thackeray, Bronte
sisters, George Eliot etc. Prose & poetry: the mid and late 19th
century Chartist literature
Literary trends at the end of the 19th century
--Naturalism: George Gissing --Neo-romanticism: Robert Louis
Stevenson --Aestheticism: Oscar Wilde, Walter
Pater
20th century English Literature
The two world wars New ideas and new theories Realistic writing: early 20th century --poetry: Thomas Hardy, war poets --novel: John Galsworthy, H. G. Wells,
Arnold Bennett --drama: George Bernard Shaw Modernism: the 20s and 30s --a movement of experiments in
techniques
-- poetry: W.B. Yeats and T.S. Eliot. -- novel: D.H. Lawrence, E.M. Foster, James
Joyce and Virginia Woolf --drama: J.M. Synge English literature since 1945 --postmodernism --drama: Samuel Becket, John Osborne,Harold
Pinter --novel: William Golding, John Fowles, Kingsley
Amis (the Angry Yong man), Martin Amis etc. --poetry: Dylan Thomas, Philip Larkin, Ted
Hughes and Seamus Heaney
Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period
The History
The Literature: The Song of Beowulf: consists of 3182 lines and to be divided into two parts.
The Subject Matter: The whole song is pagan in spirit and matter.Appreciation
Part Two The Anglo-Norman Period
The History
The Literature: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: master the general idea; appreciate the first part
Part Three Geoffrey Chaucer
Introduction of life and work of Chaucer:
the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.
Translation work: Romance of the Rose
Masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales
One of the most famous works in all literature.
The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature.
In this work, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country.
In this poem, Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century.
Appreciation:
The Canterbury Tales
Popular Ballads:
Destination: Ballads are anonymous narrative
that have been preserved by oral transmission.
Appreciation: Robin Hood; Allin-a-Dale;
Get up and Bar the Door;
Sir Patrick Spens
Part Four The Renaissance
The History: the 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and establishing of the foundations of capitalism.
The works:
At the beginning of the 16th century: Utopia by Thomas More
In the first half of the 16th century: lyrical poems(appeared) by Thomas Wyatt
In the second half of the 16th century:
lyrical poetry became widespread in England: Outstanding poets : Philip Sidney. Thomas Campion. Edmund Spenser( The Fairy Queen)
At the end of the century: Francis Bacon wrote his famous philosophical and literary works.
William Shakespeare:
Life:
Works: During the twenty-two years of his
literary work he produced 37 plays,
literary work he produced 37 plays, two narrative poems and 154 sonnets.
Appreciation: Hamlet ;The Merchant of Venice and
Sonnet 18,29,106.
Francis Bacon:
Life:
Works: may be divided into three classes:
the philosophical, the literary, and the
professional works.
Appreciation: Of Truth, Of Studies.
Part Five The 17th Century
The Period of Revolution and Restoration
Historical Background:
Literary Characteristics:
John Donne: A more thoroughly characteristic
figure of the early seventeenth century.
Works: Songs and Sonnets; The Relic
Appreciation: Song, A Valediction: Forbidding
Mourning and Sonnet
John Milton: English poet
Life:
Works: L’Allegro;Il Penseroso;Comus;Areopagitica,
Eikonoklastes; Defense for the English
People.
The famous is: Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained.
Appreciation: Paradise Lost; sonnet
John Bunyan:
Life:
Works: The Pilgrim’s Progress
Appreciation: The Pilgrim’s Progress
Part Six The 18th Century
The Age of Enlightenment in England
Daniel Defoe:
Life:
Masterpiece: Robinson Crusoe
Appreciation : Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift: the supreme master in the
first part of the century.
Works: Tale of a Tub; Gulliver’s Travels;
The Battle of the Books
Appreciation: Gulliver’s Travels
Henry Fielding: the greatest novelist of the
eighteenth century.
Works: Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wild; The
History of Tom Jones; Amelia
William Blake: the most independent and the
most original of all the romantic
poets of the 18th century.
Works: Poetical Sketches; Song of Innocence;
The Book of Thel; Tiriel;The Marriage
of Heaven and Hell, The French Revolution, The Visions of the Daughters of Albion, The Songs of
Experience
Appreciation: London; The Tiger; The Chimney
Sweeper
Robert Burns: the greatest of Scottish poets
Works: Kilmarnock Burns( Poems Chiefly in
Scottish Dialect; To a Mouse; To a Mountain
Daisy; Man was Made to Mourn; The Two
Dogs; Address to the Devil.
Appreciation: My Heart’s in the Highlands ;John
Anderson, My Jo; A Red, Red Rose;
To a Mouse; Auld Lang Syne.
( Try to get the main content of these
works.)
Part Seven The Romantic Period
Romanticism in England
Background:
William Wordsworth:
Works: the Lyrical Ballads;
the principal poems: Lines Composed
a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey;
The Prelude; The Excursion.
Appreciation: Lines; sonnet
Shelley:
Life:
Works: Queen Mab; Alastor or The Spirit of
Solitude; Lane and Cythna;Prometheus
Unbound; The Cenci; Ode to the West
Wind; To a Sky-Lark
Appreciation: Ozymandias; A Song: Men of
England; Ode to the West
Wind; To a Sky-Lark
Jane Austen:
Works: Pride and Prejudice; Northanger Abbey;
Sense and Sensibility; Emma; Walter Scott;
Persuasion; Mansfield Park
Appreciation: Pride and Prejudice
(Try to get the main content)
Part eight The Victorian Age
Critical Realism in England
Historical Background:
Charles Dickens:
Life:
Works: Pickwick Papers; Oliver Twist (first true
novel);Nicholas Nickleby; Master
Humphrey’s Clock; The Old Curiosity Shop;
Barnaby Rudge; Martin Chuzzlewit;A
Christmas Carol; Dombey and Son;
Household Words; Bleak House; Little Dorrit; A
Tale of Two Cities; Great Expectation; Our
Mutual Friend; Edwin Drood.
Appreciation: Oliver Twist
Charlotte Bronte And Emily Bronte:
Life Story:
Works: The Professor; Jane Eyre; Wuthering
Heights; Shirley; Villette
Appreciation: Jane Eyre; Wuthering Heights
Robert Browning:
Life story:
Style: individual
Works: Pauline; “history of a soul”; Sordello;
Pippa Passes; In a Balcony; Colombe’s
Birthday; A Blot in the Scutcheon; The
Return of the Druses
Appreciation: My Last Duchess; Home-Thoughts,
from Abroad
Part nine:Twentieth Century Literature
The Transition From 19TH to 20th Century in
English literature
George Bernard Shaw:
works: Widowes’ Houses; The Philanderer; Mrs.
Warren’s Profession; Arms and the Man;
Candida; The Man of Destiny; a mock
heroic skit on Napoleon; You Never Can
Tell; Caesar and Cleopatra; Man and
Superman; Getting Married.
Appreciation: Mrs. Warren’s Profession
D.H.Lawrence:
Life:
Works: Sons and Lovers; The White Peacock; The
Rainbow;
Appreciation: Sons and Lovers
James Joyce:
Works: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man;
The Day of the Rabblement
Appreciation: Araby