Brinkley13 ppt ch20

Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,AMERICAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e13/e

Chapter Twenty:Chapter Twenty:The ProgressivesThe Progressives

Chapter Twenty: Chapter Twenty:

The ProgressivesThe Progressives The Progressive ImpulseThe Progressive Impulse

– Varieties of ProgressivismVarieties of Progressivism ““Antimonopoly”Antimonopoly” Faith in KnowledgeFaith in Knowledge American Society can ImproveAmerican Society can Improve

– The MuckrakersThe Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Lincoln SteffensIda Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens Investigative JournalistsInvestigative Journalists McClure’s McClure’s MagazineMagazine Standard Oil TrustStandard Oil Trust

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– The Social GospelThe Social Gospel Father John RyanFather John Ryan

– The Settlement House MovementThe Settlement House Movement Jane Addams and Hull HouseJane Addams and Hull House Social WorkSocial Work

““One could hear human virtue cracking One could hear human virtue cracking and crashing all around.”and crashing all around.”

Walter RauschenbuschWalter Rauschenbusch3


The ProgressivesThe Progressives

The Progressive ImpulseThe Progressive Impulse– The Allure of ExpertiseThe Allure of Expertise– The ProfessionsThe Professions

American Medical American Medical AssociationAssociation

National Association National Association of Manufacturersof Manufacturers

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Lawyers’ Club in New York (Library of Congress)



– Women and the ProfessionsWomen and the Professions Female-Dominated ProfessionsFemale-Dominated Professions Social WorkSocial Work

Women Stenographers (Library of Congress)

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Women and ReformWomen and Reform

Key Role of Women in Reform CausesKey Role of Women in Reform Causes– The “New Woman”The “New Woman”

Socioeconomic Origins of the New WomanSocioeconomic Origins of the New Woman ““Boston Marriages”Boston Marriages” 10% Divorce Rate-191610% Divorce Rate-1916

– The ClubwomenThe Clubwomen GFWCGFWC A Public Space for WomenA Public Space for Women Women’s Trade Union LeagueWomen’s Trade Union League

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The Colored Women’s

League of Washington (Library of Congress)

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Women and ReformWomen and Reform

– Woman SuffrageWoman Suffrage Radical Challenge of Women’s SuffrageRadical Challenge of Women’s Suffrage NAWSANAWSA Conservative Arguments for SuffrageConservative Arguments for Suffrage Suffrage in the Far westSuffrage in the Far west Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment Equal Rights AmendmentEqual Rights Amendment

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Suffragette Banner (Library of Congress)



The Assault on the PartiesThe Assault on the Parties Reforming GovernmentReforming Government

– Early AttacksEarly Attacks– Municipal ReformMunicipal Reform

Middle-Class ProgressivesMiddle-Class Progressives

– New Forms of GovernanceNew Forms of Governance Commission PlanCommission Plan City-Manager PlanCity-Manager Plan Tom JohnsonTom Johnson

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives The Assault on the PartiesThe Assault on the Parties

– Statehouse ProgressivismStatehouse Progressivism Initiative and ReferendumInitiative and Referendum Weakened Power of the State LegislaturesWeakened Power of the State Legislatures Direct Primary and RecallDirect Primary and Recall Weakened Power of the Political PartiesWeakened Power of the Political Parties Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette Governor of WisconsinGovernor of Wisconsin Helped Approve the Direct Primary, Initiative, and ReferendumHelped Approve the Direct Primary, Initiative, and Referendum



The Assault on the PartiesThe Assault on the Parties– Parties and Interest GroupsParties and Interest Groups

Decline of Decline of Party InfluenceParty Influence

Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876-1920

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Sources of Progressive ReformSources of Progressive Reform– Labor, the Machine, Labor, the Machine,

and Reformand Reform Triangle Shirtwaist FireTriangle Shirtwaist Fire

– Western ProgressivesWestern Progressives

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (Library of Congress)

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Sources of Progressive ReformSources of Progressive Reform– African Americans and ReformAfrican Americans and Reform

W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois NAACP FoundedNAACP Founded

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives““Is it possible and probable that nine millions of men can Is it possible and probable that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meager chance for developing allowed only the most meager chance for developing their exceptional men?”their exceptional men?”

W. E. B. Du BoisW. E. B. Du Bois

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Crusade for Social Order and ReformCrusade for Social Order and Reform

– The Temperance CrusadeThe Temperance Crusade WCTUWCTU Largest Women’s OrganizationLargest Women’s Organization Temperance Movement Gained Momentum After W.W.ITemperance Movement Gained Momentum After W.W.I Eighteenth AmendmentEighteenth Amendment

– Immigration RestrictionImmigration Restriction Eugenics and NativismEugenics and Nativism Supported Restricted Immigration of “Undesirables”Supported Restricted Immigration of “Undesirables”

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Total Immigration, 1900-1920 Sources of Immigration, 1900-1920

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Challenging the Capitalist OrderChallenging the Capitalist Order

– The Dream of SocialismThe Dream of Socialism Eugene Debs-Leader of Socialist PartyEugene Debs-Leader of Socialist Party Increased Membership during the Progressive EraIncreased Membership during the Progressive Era ““Wobblies”Wobblies” Socialism’s DemiseSocialism’s Demise World War I Generated National Anti-Radical ViewsWorld War I Generated National Anti-Radical Views

– Decentralization and RegulationDecentralization and Regulation The Problem of Corporate CentralizationThe Problem of Corporate Centralization ““Good Trusts” and “Bad Trusts”Good Trusts” and “Bad Trusts”

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Assassination of McKinley (Library of Congress)

Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern PresidencyTheodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency– The Accidental PresidentThe Accidental President

Roosevelt’s BackgroundRoosevelt’s Background Youngest President in U.S. HistoryYoungest President in U.S. History

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern PresidencyTheodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency

– Government, Capital, Government, Capital, and Laborand Labor Roosevelt’s Vision of Roosevelt’s Vision of

Federal PowerFederal Power Northern Securities Northern Securities

CompanyCompany

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Theodore Roosevelt in Hunting Attire(Library of Congress)


The ProgressivesThe Progressives Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern PresidencyTheodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency

– ““The Square Deal”The Square Deal”– Election of 1904Election of 1904

Hepburn Act-1906Hepburn Act-1906 Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act Upton Sinclair-1906Upton Sinclair-1906 Exposed the Meatpacking IndustryExposed the Meatpacking Industry

Advertising The Jungle (Library of Congress)

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern

PresidencyPresidency– Roosevelt and ConservationRoosevelt and Conservation– Roosevelt and PreservationRoosevelt and Preservation

Establishment of National Parks and Forests

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Establishment of National Parks and Forests23



Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern PresidencyPresidency– The Hetch Hetchy The Hetch Hetchy

ControversyControversy Competing Competing

Conservationist VisionsConservationist Visions

Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir in Yosemite (Library of Congress)

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern

PresidencyPresidency– The Panic of 1907The Panic of 1907

Tennessee Coal and Iron CompanyTennessee Coal and Iron Company Roosevelt Promised Not to Seek Another TermRoosevelt Promised Not to Seek Another Term

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Troubled SuccessionTroubled Succession William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft Hand-picked by RooseveltHand-picked by Roosevelt

– Taft and the Taft and the ProgressivesProgressives Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff Ballinger-Pinchot DisputeBallinger-Pinchot Dispute

William Howard Taft (Library of Congress)

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Troubled SuccessionTroubled Succession– The Return of RooseveltThe Return of Roosevelt

““New Nationalism”New Nationalism”

– Spreading InsurgencySpreading Insurgency– Roosevelt versus Taft-1912Roosevelt versus Taft-1912

The Progressive Party-”Bull Moose Party”The Progressive Party-”Bull Moose Party” Roosevelt Unhappy with the Taft AdministrationRoosevelt Unhappy with the Taft Administration

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(Taft has) “…completely twisted around the (Taft has) “…completely twisted around the policies I advocated and acted upon.” policies I advocated and acted upon.”

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt


The ProgressivesThe Progressives Woodrow Wilson and the New FreedomWoodrow Wilson and the New Freedom

– Woodrow Wilson-1912Woodrow Wilson-1912 Wilson’s Wilson’s

“New Freedom”“New Freedom” Wilson Wins a PluralityWilson Wins a Plurality Trusts Should be DestroyedTrusts Should be Destroyed

Election of 1912

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The ProgressivesThe Progressives Woodrow Wilson and the New FreedomWoodrow Wilson and the New Freedom

– The Scholar as PresidentThe Scholar as President Lowering the TariffLowering the Tariff 1616thth Amendment-1916 Amendment-1916 Graduated Income TaxGraduated Income Tax Federal Reserve Act-1913Federal Reserve Act-1913 Major Banking ReformMajor Banking Reform

– Retreat and AdvanceRetreat and Advance– Election of 1916Election of 1916

Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws New Round of Progressive LawsNew Round of Progressive Laws

Woodrow Wilson (Library of Congress)

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Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:

Progressive ReformProgressive Reform

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America in the World:America in the World:

Social DemocracySocial Democracy

32 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Brinkley13 ppt ch20