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Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,AMERICAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY
13/e13/e
Chapter Six: The Chapter Six: The Constitution and the New Constitution and the New RepublicRepublic
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
.2
IntroductionIntroduction Deficiencies of the Confederation GovernmentDeficiencies of the Confederation Government Ineffective and Weak Central Govt.Ineffective and Weak Central Govt. Shay’s Rebellion-1787Shay’s Rebellion-1787
Map of the United States Immediately After Independence(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
3
Framing a New GovernmentFraming a New Government A Weak Central GovernmentA Weak Central Government
– Advocates of CentralizationAdvocates of Centralization Supporters of a Strong National GovernmentSupporters of a Strong National Government Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton James MadisonJames Madison
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
Alexander Hamilton (on the Ten Dollar Bill)
The Convention at Philadelphia (General Research Division, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations)
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Framing a New GovernmentFraming a New Government– A Divided ConventionA Divided Convention
The Founding FathersThe Founding Fathers Scrapping the Articles Scrapping the Articles
of Confederation of Confederation The Virginia PlanThe Virginia Plan Two-Tier LegislatureTwo-Tier Legislature The New Jersey PlanThe New Jersey Plan Taxation and Reg. PowersTaxation and Reg. Powers Small States VersusSmall States Versus
Large StatesLarge States
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
Constitutional Convention
A nation may lose its liberties in a day and not miss them in a century. Baron de Montesquieu
6
Framing a New GovernmentFraming a New Government– CompromiseCompromise
The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise Three-Fifths CompromiseThree-Fifths Compromise
– The Constitution of 1787The Constitution of 1787 James MadisonJames Madison Father of the ConstitutionFather of the Constitution The Question of SovereigntyThe Question of Sovereignty ““We the People”-Pop. SovereigntyWe the People”-Pop. Sovereignty Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances Lifetime Judicial AppointmentsLifetime Judicial Appointments Direct Election of House MembersDirect Election of House Members Supreme Law of the LandSupreme Law of the Land
The Constitution
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
The Federalist Papers
7
Framing a New GovernmentFraming a New Government– Federalists and Federalists and
AntifederalistsAntifederalists The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers Hamilton, Madison and JayHamilton, Madison and Jay The Anti-FederalistsThe Anti-Federalists Less Power to the StatesLess Power to the States Debating the ConstitutionDebating the Constitution Lack of Bill of RightsLack of Bill of Rights Virginia and New YorkVirginia and New York 99thth Amendment Amendment ““Unenumerated Rights”Unenumerated Rights” Right to PrivacyRight to Privacy
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
8
Framing a New GovernmentFraming a New Government– Completing the StructureCompleting the Structure
The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights Limits on the Fed. Govt.Limits on the Fed. Govt. Jud. Act of 1789Jud. Act of 1789 Judicial ReviewJudicial Review The CabinetThe Cabinet
The Bill of Rights
Chapter Six: Chapter Six: The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
9
Federalists and RepublicansFederalists and Republicans Competing VisionsCompeting Visions
– Hamilton and the FederalistsHamilton and the Federalists Assuming the DebtAssuming the Debt Creation of a Nat. BankCreation of a Nat. Bank Hamilton’s Report on ManufacturingHamilton’s Report on Manufacturing
– Enacting the Federalist ProgramEnacting the Federalist Program Debating Hamilton’s ProgramDebating Hamilton’s Program Location of the CapitalLocation of the Capital Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
10
Federalists and RepublicansFederalists and Republicans– The Republican OppositionThe Republican Opposition
Establishment of the Federalist PartyEstablishment of the Federalist Party Formation of the Republican PartyFormation of the Republican Party Political PartiesPolitical Parties Jefferson and MadisonJefferson and Madison Differences over the Differences over the
French RevolutionFrench Revolution
Thomas Jefferson (Library of Congress)
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
11
Establishing National SovereigntyEstablishing National Sovereignty– Securing the FrontierSecuring the Frontier
Whiskey Rebellion-1794Whiskey Rebellion-1794
– Native Americans and the New NationNative Americans and the New Nation Indians and the ConstitutionIndians and the Constitution Respecting TreatiesRespecting Treaties
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
Establishing National SovereigntyEstablishing National Sovereignty– Maintaining NeutralityMaintaining Neutrality
Citizen GenetCitizen Genet
– Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s TreatyJay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty-1794Jay’s Treaty-1794 Conflict with EnglandConflict with England Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty Conflict with SpainConflict with Spain
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Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
13
The Downfall of the FederalistsThe Downfall of the Federalists– The Election of 1796The Election of 1796
Washington’s Washington’s Farewell AddressFarewell Address
Two Term TraditionTwo Term Tradition Divided FederalistsDivided Federalists President AdamsPresident Adams Vice-President Jefferson Vice-President Jefferson
John Adams (Library of Congress)
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
14
The Downfall of the FederalistsThe Downfall of the Federalists– The Quasi War with FranceThe Quasi War with France
The XYZ AffairThe XYZ Affair The Quasi WarThe Quasi War
Protecting American Shipping
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
15
The Downfall of the FederalistsThe Downfall of the Federalists– Repression and ProtestRepression and Protest
Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts Stifle Public CriticismStifle Public Criticism Violated 1Violated 1stst Amendment Amendment Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsVirginia and Kentucky Resolutions
– The “Revolution” of 1800The “Revolution” of 1800 The Election of 1800The Election of 1800 John Adams DefeatedJohn Adams Defeated Democratic-Republican VictoryDemocratic-Republican Victory President JeffersonPresident Jefferson The Judiciary Act of 1801The Judiciary Act of 1801
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
The Background of the ConstitutionThe Background of the Constitution
16
The Constitution
Chapter Six: Chapter Six:
The Constitution and the New RepublicThe Constitution and the New Republic