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Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is also known

as Aubergine or Eggplant is a solanaceous

member which is native to India and is considered

as one of the top ten vegetables in the world

(Srinivasan, 2009). Among the insect pests shoot

and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee),

is considered to have economic importance. It

causes serious damage especially during the

fruiting stage and inflicts yield loss as high as 85–

90% (Patnaik 2000; Misra 2008; Jagginavar et

al. 2009).

This pest is widely distributed all over

India. Farmers rely exclusively on the application

of chemical insecticides to combat FSB, which

has resulted in a tremendous misuse of pesticides

in an attempt to produce damage-free marketable

fruits. Despite intensive insecticide applications,

the pest cannot be controlled due to its resistance

to commonly used pesticides. Therefore, the IPM

with conventional nonchemical methods of pest

control as components is thought to avert the risk

of pesticide and make the IPM more farmers’

and eco- friendly.

The moths are medium sized . Its wing

expanse is 22-26 mm. The wings are whitish with

large brown or black patches on the dorsum of

the thorax and abdomen. Its wings are white with

Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer, Leucinodes

Orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

and their Management

Subhashree Dash

a bluish or pinkish tinge . Full grown larvae is

light pink measuring about 12 mm long and

covered with sparsely distributed hairs all over

the body. Pupates is a tough silken cocoon on

the plant itself. Entire life cycle is completed in 3-

6 weeks. There are five overlapping generation

in a year.

The pest is active throughout the year at

places having moderate climate but its activity is

adversely affected by severe cold. About 250 eggs

are laid by a single female on ventral surface of

the leaves, shoots, flower buds and occasionally

on fruits. Incubation period is 3-5 days, larvae

become full grown in 7-13 days. The full grown

larvae comes out and pupation takes place in boat

shaped cocoon on the plant itself. The pupal

68 January - 2017

Odisha ReviewISSN 0970-8669

period lasts about 7-10 days .Adults live for 2-3

days.

Infests the crop both in vegetative and

fruiting stage of the plant. In young plants, the

caterpillar bore into petioles and mid ribs of large

leaves .When terminal shoots are attacked , the

growing points are killed .As a result the affected

leaves dry and drop down . After fruit formation

larva make their entry under the calyx when they

are young and close the entry point with excreta

and feed within it. sSevere damage is mainly

caused to the developing fruits by the caterpillar

as they tunnel inside the fruits.

Integrated Management of Brinjal shoot and

fruit borer -

• Grow less susceptible varieties such as Pusa

purple round, Brinjal long green, Pusa purple

cluster, Brinjal round white , Arka Kasumkar

etc.

• Continuous cropping or ratooning may be

avoided. Adjust the time of planting by

transplanting up to 4th week of June. Dip the

roots of the seedlings for 3 hours in

imidacloprid solution prepared at 1ml/lit before

transplanting.

• Avoid eggplant monocultures and follow crop

rotations. As EFSB is practically a

monophagous insect on eggplant, discontinuing

eggplant cultivation in a community for few

seasons will significantly reduce the

population.

• Do not raise eggplant seedlings near an

existing or previous eggplant crop or heaps of

dried eggplant stalks. If seedlings must be

grown in those areas, cover the seedling beds

with 30-mesh nylon net to prevent the entry

of EFSB moths, which would lay eggs on the

growing seedlings.

• Remove and destroy infested shoots and fruit

along with larvae promptly at regular intervals

until final harvest to manage EFSB. In heavy

infestation the whole plant should be uprooted

and destroyed . This will be highly effective

when practiced throughout a community.

• Pheromone trap@1 for 400 sq.m. + weekly

release of 50,000 to 60,000 Trichogramma

chilonis + two sprays of BT @1ml/L at 10

days interval at peak flowering . Place the traps

either at canopy level or at slightly above the

canopy level for effective attraction. This will

be highly effective when practiced in a

community.

• Use neem-based bio pesticides, which will not

interfere with the activities of predators and

parasitoids in eggplant production systems.

Apply neem cake at 250kg/ha at 30 days after

transplanting.

• The biological method of control of this pest is

introduction of some hyperparasites like

Pristomerus testaceus ( Mori.), Cremastus

flavororbitalis (Cam.), Bracon sp,

Pseudoperichaeta sp .etc. These

hyperparasites parasitize and feed upon the

larvae of this pest .

Use of registered pesticides for management of Shoot and fruit borer -

Chemical name Formulation (gm/ml) Dilution in water ( liter)

per hectare

Azadiractin 1% (1000ppm) 1000-1500 500

Cypermethrin 10 % EC 550-760 500

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Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669

Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 200 500

Fenpropathrin 30 % EC 250-340 500

Fenvalerate 20% EC 375-500 500

Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC 300 500

Quinalphos 25% EC 1500 500

Thiodicarb 75% WP 625-1000 500

Triazophos 40% EC 1250 500

Cypermethrin 3% + Quinalphos 20% EC 350-400 500

Deltamethrin 1% + Triazophos 35% EC 1000-1250 500

Subhashree Dash, Ph.D Scholar, Department of

Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT,

Bhubaneswar, mail id- subhashreedash22@gmail.com

The flag utters

Utters on the blue mountain

With a venerable rhyme :

Come, come without doubt,

Come forward with all your urge

Looking at me.

Take assurance un-ending

Take this faith from wind that

Roams around me,

I shall draw-down your worries

For which

You are wheeled and twirled

Days and nights.

Why a look so saddy ?

Why for

Smiles not touching your lips ?

Learn to smile

The world shall be friendly,

The sky shall smile with you.

You have come

Where spring rounds

All the days,

Where twenty-two steps

Welcome all,

Where He waits for you

To shower blessings.

Come forward

With heart full of confidence.

Er. Satyabrata Rath, College Road, Banki, P.O.-Banki,

Dist.- Cuttack.

The Flag Utters

Er. Satyabrata Rath