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Brief summary of this semester:. When I Whistle (approximately 2.5 weeks: ) World Lit papers 1 & 2 revisions (1.5 weeks) Hard Times (3 weeks) Review of Heart of Darkness (1 – 2 classes) IB dead week and mock exams, March 5 – 16 Clear Light of Day (HL only) (3 weeks) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Brief summary of this semester:
• When I Whistle (approximately 2.5 weeks: )• World Lit papers 1 & 2 revisions (1.5 weeks)• Hard Times (3 weeks)• Review of Heart of Darkness (1 – 2 classes)• IB dead week and mock exams, March 5 – 16 • Clear Light of Day (HL only) (3 weeks)• Review for IB exams (2.5 weeks)• IB exams, May 2 – 22
The Japanese Aestheticaesthetic(s): branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty; also, a particular theory or conception of beauty or art (Merriam Webster)
To the Japanese, aesthetics are a basic part of daily life rather than an academic or philosophical discipline. The ancient ideals into which Japanese aesthetics are traditionally divided are:WABI: transient and stark beautySABI: beauty of natural patina (sheen on surface made by age and use) and agingYUGEN: profound grace and subtlety
CalligraphyA highly esteemed branch of traditional art in Japan
Modern Japanese Literature
• Japan’s defeat in WWII greatly influenced writers– disaffection– loss of purpose– coping with defeat
• A stress on the inner lives of characters is often evident in Japanese fiction– Buddhist tradition emphasizes self knowledge
and the impermanence of the material world• Alienation in the modern urban jungle is
another common theme
Japanese high school students and seifuku
Japan in WWII• The Axis Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Imperial Japan is
created in 1936• Japan at war with China from 1937• Hoping to dominate Asia, in December 1941, Japan
attacks and conquers U.S. and European possessions in the Pacific
• At its peak, Imperial Japan’s possessions include Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, parts of China, Malaysia, French Indochina, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), Philippines, Burma, parts of India, and other Pacific Islands
• Japan defeated in numerous naval battles in 1942• Japanese navy decisively defeated by the U.S.; Japan
surrenders when U.S. invasion of home islands becomes imminent (15 August 1945)
Modern Japan
Shusako Endo1923 - 1996
• Among Japan’s most renowned 20th Century authors
• Unique perspective as a Japanese Catholic (baptized at age 11)
• Born in Japan, but moved to Dalian (Japanese occupied Manchuria) as a child• Began college as medical student, but shifted to literature with focus on French Catholic writers• Worked at munitions factory when WWII interrupted his university studies • Suffered from poor health: spent 2 years in a hospital; thought poorly of Japanese medicine
Endo: themes and motifs• Complex moral dilemmas• Christianity; oppression of Japanese
Christians• Outsiders, foreigners, alienation• Hospitals, patients, doctors, disease
When I Whistle, 1974Setting: Kansei, Western Japan
Sumiyoshi – Ashiya - Nishinomiya
Kansai…. Western Japan
WIW: themes- generation gap; clash in values between old and new Japan- futility and tragedy of war; also, its effects on a generation that has known it- Japanese hierarchies and social norms- acceptance vs. ambition- honesty and integrity- brief encounters that give life meaning
WIW: symbols & motifs• Aiko’s fountain pen• the color white• the beach (and its changes)• Nada (and its changes)• trains• diseases (cancer, TB)• weather
Traditional house and apartment building
Fusuma and traditional futon preparation
Ofuro
Bean Cakes
Obi –
the ‘belt’of the kimono
Japanese Calligraphy
Sources• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics#Wabi-sabi• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_literature• http://alicetocracy.wordpress.com/2010/06/21/serafuku-a-japanese-school-uniform/• http://zackleey.blogspot.com/2011/06/japanese-high-school-boys.html• http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/indepth/cultural/hj/japanesecalligraphy.html• http://calligraphy-expo.com/eng/AboutCalligraphy/Hieroglyph/East.aspx?ItemID=1589• http://interestingfacts-themur.blogspot.com/2009/02/art-of-japanese-calligraphy-short.ht
ml• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy• http://www.chocolate-fish.net/img_-2669• http://www.japanesecuisine.info/culture-of-japan/modern-japan• http://tokio-tokyo.blogspot.com/2010/10/tokio-cidade-dos-games-das-animacoes.html• http://www.dipity.com/tickr/Flickr-shinjuku/• http://www.nybooks.com/galleries/david-levine-illustrator/1982/nov/04/shusaku-endo/• http://www.crisismagazine.com/2011/shusako-endos-borrowed-faith• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shusaku_Endo• http://www.amazon.com/Wonderful-Fool-Peter-Modern-Classic/dp/0720613205• http://www.amazon.com/When-I-Whistle-Shusaku-Endo/dp/0720614376• http://www.amazon.com/Volcano-Shusaku-Endo/dp/0720614309