Brief ContentsPreface xiAbout the Authors xxMaps of the World xxv

PART I: FOUNDATIONS

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Global Politics 2CHAPTER 2: The Evolution of Global Politics 26

PART II: THEORIES OF GLOBAL POLITICS

CHAPTER 3: Realism and Liberalism 68CHAPTER 4: Critical Approaches 102

PART III: GLOBAL ACTORS

CHAPTER 5: Making Foreign Policy 132CHAPTER 6: Global and Regional Governance 170CHAPTER 7: Nongovernmental Actors 208

PART IV: GLOBAL ISSUES: SECURITY

CHAPTER 8: Security and Military Power 244CHAPTER 9: Terrorism 282CHAPTER 10: Human Rights and Human Security 308

PART V: GLOBAL ISSUES: POLITICAL ECONOMY

CHAPTER 11: International Political Economy 346CHAPTER 12: Global Trade and Finance 374CHAPTER 13: Poverty, Development, and Hunger 406CHAPTER 14: Environmental Issues 434

Thematic Maps 465Glossary 476References 488Credits 493Index 495

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Confl ict, Confrontation, and Compromise 41The Rise and Fall of Détente 43From Détente to a Second Cold War 44

From the End of the Cold War to the War on Terrorism 46Globalization: Challenging the International Order? 47

From Superpower to Hyperpower: US Primacy 49Europe in the New World System 51Russia: From Yeltsin to Putin 53East Asia: Primed for Rivalry? 54Latin America: Becoming Global Players 56

The War on Terrorism: From 9/11 to Iraq and Afghanistan 57

Conclusion 61

FEATURESGlobal Perspective: Perception, Continuity, and Change

After January 20, 2009 50Case Study: The Iraq War and Its Origins 59Thinking About Global Politics: Understanding and

Resolving National Confl icts 64

PART II: THEORIES OF GLOBAL POLITICS

CHAPTER 3: Realism and Liberalism 68Tim Dunne, Brian C. Schmidt, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 70What Is Realism? 72

The Essential Realism 73Statism 73Survival 74Self-Help 75

One Realism or Many? 78Classical Realism 78Structural Realism, or Neorealism 80Contemporary Realist Challenges

to Structural Realism 82

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PPAART II: THEEOORRIEESS OFFF GLOOBBALLL POOLLITTICSSS

ContentsPreface xi

About the Authors xxMaps of the World xxv

PART I: FOUNDATIONS

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Global Politics 2John Baylis, Anthony McGrew, Steve Smith, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 5International Relations and Global Politics 8

Global Actors 8Global Issues 10

Theories of Global Politics 12What Are Theories? 12The Rise of Realism 12Rival Theories 14

Research Approaches and Levels of Analysis 15The Historical Approach 15The Social Scientifi c Approach: Levels of Analysis 15The Constructivist Approach 17

Dimensions of Globalization 17Conclusion 22

FEATURESCase Study 1.1: Global Production and the iPod 19Case Study 1.2: Cell Phones, Poverty, Civil War, Okapi,

and Prostitution 22Thinking About Global Politics: Why Should I Care? 25

CHAPTER 2: The Evolution of Global Politics 26David Armstrong, Michael Cox, Len Scott, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 28The Signifi cance of the Peace of Westphalia 29Revolutionary Wars 30World Wars: Modern and Total 32Legacies and Consequences of European Colonialism 36Cold War 39

Onset of the Cold War 40

PARRT I: FOOOUNNNDDAAATIOOONSS

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CONTENTS vii

What Is Liberalism? 83Defi ning Liberalism 86The Essential Liberalism 88Neoliberalism 93Liberalism in Practice: Globalization 95

Conclusion 99FEATURESGlobal Perspective: Russia and Realism 77Case Study 3.1: The Melian Dialogue: Realism and the

Preparation for War 81Theory in Practice: The Prisoner’s Dilemma 84Case Study 3.2: The Power of Ideas:

Politics and Neoliberalism 94Thinking About Global Politics: A Summit

on Global Problems 101

CHAPTER 4: Critical Approaches 102Stephen Hobden, Richard Wyn Jones, Patricia Owens, Steve Smith, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 105The Essential Marxism 107

The Origins of World-System Theory 109The Key Features of Wallerstein’s World-System

Theory 111Third World Socialists 114

Feminist Theory 115Constructivism 122Conclusion 127FEATURESGlobal Perspective: What Makes a Theory “Alternative”

or Critical? 110Case Study: Sexual Violence 121Theory in Practice 4.1: Gendered Perspective on Human

Rights 118Theory in Practice 4.2: Jane Addams and the Women’s

International League for Peace and Freedom 123Thinking About Global Politics: Meeting of the Minds 129

PART III: GLOBAL ACTORS

CHAPTER 5: Making Foreign Policy 132Steven L. Lamy

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PPART III: GLLOBBAL AACCTOORSSS

Introduction 134What Is Foreign Policy? 134

States, Nationalism, and National Interests 135Foreign Policy from Different Perspectives 139Who Makes Foreign Policy? 142What Do We Expect from Foreign Policy? 143

Levels of Analysis in Foreign Policy 144Individual, or the Human Dimension 145National Attributes, or the Domestic Factors 146Systemic Conditions, or the Nature

of the International System 147Global Factors 147

The Foreign Policy Process 148Four Phases of Foreign Policy Making 149

Phase One: Initiation or Articulation Phase 149

Phase Two: The Formulation of Foreign Policy 149

Phase Three: Foreign Policy Implementation 151Phase Four: Foreign Policy Evaluation 151

Foreign Policy Strategies and Tools 153Sticks: Military and Economic Tools 154Carrots: Foreign Assistance 156Sermons: Diplomatic Messaging

and the Use of the Media 158Soft and Hard Power in Foreign Policy 159

Foreign Policy Styles and Traditions 160Great Powers, Middle Powers, and Small

States 161Great-Power Foreign Policy 163Middle-Power Foreign Policy 164Small-State Foreign Policy 165

Conclusion 166

FEATURESCase Study: Refugees 140Global Perspective: Central America: A Perpetual

Pursuit of Union? 152Theory in Practice: The Impact of Globalization

on Different Kinds of States 162Thinking About Global Politics: Designing a New

World Order 169

CHAPTER 6: Global and Regional Governance 170

Devon Curtis, Christian Reus-Smit, Paul Taylor, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 172International Law 173

International Order and Institutions 174Criticisms of International Law 176From International to Supranational Law? 177

The United Nations 179A Brief History of the United Nations and

Its Principal Organs 181The Security Council 182The General Assembly 184The Secretariat 184The Economic and Social Council 185The Trusteeship Council 186The International Court of Justice 186

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viii CONTENTS

PART IV: GLOBAL ISSUES: SECURITY

CHAPTER 8: Security and Military Power 244John Baylis, Darryl Howlett, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 246What Is Security? 247Mainstream Approaches to Security 250

Realist Views on Security 250Key Structural-Realist Assumptions 250

The Problem of Cheating 251The Problem of Relative Gains 252

Liberal Institutionalists on Global Security 252Critical Approaches to Security 253

The Constructivist Approach and War 254Critical Security Studies: Feminism 254Marxist and Radical Liberal or Utopian Views

on Security 256The Changing Character of War 256

The Nature of War 259The Revolution in Military Affairs 262Postmodern War 264Globalization and New Wars 266New Roles for NATO? 267

Nuclear Proliferation and Nonproliferation 268The Global Zero Movement 269Proliferation Optimism and Pessimism 269Nuclear Weapons Effects 272Nuclear Defense 272

Theorizing Nuclear Proliferation 273Nuclear Motivations 274Nuclear Capabilities and Intentions 275Post–Cold War Antiproliferation Efforts 276

Conclusion 277

FEATURESGlobal Perspective: The Democratic Republic

of the Congo 257Theory in Practice: Reimaging War 261Case Study: Asymmetric Confl ict: The United States

and Iraq, 2003–2011 265Thinking About Global Politics: Perspectives

on the Arms Race 281

PAART IV: GGLOOBALL ISSSUES: SECCUURITY

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Maintenance of International Peace and Security 187

Increased Attention to Conditions Within States 188

Intervention Within States 192Economic and Social Questions 195

The Reform Process of the United Nations 197Country Level 197Headquarters Level 198

The European Union and Other Regional Organizations 199

The Process of European Integration 200Other Regional Actors: The African Union and the

Organization of American States 203Conclusion 204

FEATURESTheory in Practice: Neoconservatives and the United

Nations 190Case Study: The 2003 Intervention in Iraq 193Global Perspective: The United Nations

and Environmental Protection 196Thinking About Global Politics: Theory Pursuit: A

Structured Review of Realism, Liberalism, and Critical Approaches 207

CHAPTER 7: Nongovernmental Actors 208Steven L. LamyIntroduction 210The Growth of Global Civil Society 212Multinational Corporations 214INGOs as Political Actors 216

Sources of INGO Power 219Forms of INGO Power 220

Information Politics 220Symbolic Politics 220Leverage Politics 221Accountability Politics 221Global Campaign Politics 221

Celebrity Diplomacy 222Global Foundations and Think Tanks 223Criminal and Terrorist Networks as Global

Actors 232Terrorists, Guerrillas, and National Liberation 236The Signifi cance of Criminals, Terrorists, and

Guerrillas 238Conclusion 238

FEATURESCase Study: The Baby Milk Advocacy Network 217Theory in Practice: A Transnational Challenge:

The War on Drugs 233Global Perspective: Nongovernmental Organizations

and Protecting the Rights of Children 235Thinking About Global Politics: Who Could Help

Tomorrow? Twenty Global Problems and Global Issues Networks 240

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CONTENTS ix

CHAPTER 9: Terrorism 282James D. Kiras and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 284Defi ning Terrorism 284Terrorism: From Domestic to Global Phenomena 288The Impact of Globalization on Terrorism 291

Cultural Explanations 292Economic Explanations 293Religion and New Terrorism 294

The Intersection of Globalization, Technology, and Terrorism 295

Proselytizing 295Coordination 296Security 298Mobility 299Lethality 300

Combating Terrorism 302The Death of Osama bin Laden and the End

of the War on Terrorism? 304Conclusion 305

FEATURESGlobal Perspective: The Shanghai Cooperation

Organization: Fighting Terrorism in the Former Communist Bloc 290

Theory in Practice: The Realist-Theory Perspective and the War on Terror 297

Case Study: Cyberterrorism 301Thinking About Global Politics: Why Terrorism?

Developing Testable Hypotheses 307

CHAPTER 10: Human Rights and Human Security 308

Amitav Acharya, Alex J. Bellamy, Chris Brown, Nicholas J. Wheeler, and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 310What Are Human Rights? 310

The Liberal Account of Rights 313Human Rights and State Sovereignty 314

International Human Rights Legislation 315The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 315Subsequent UN Legislation 316Enforcement of UN Legislation 316

What Is Human Security? 318Origin of the Concept 318Human Security and Development 320Common Security 321

History of Humanitarian Activism and Intervention 321Intervention and Nonintervention in the 1990s 322Universalism Challenged 325

Humanitarian Dimensions 328Political and Economic Rights and Security 328Human Rights, and Human Security During Confl ict 330Access to Resources 334Women, Confl ict, and Human Security 334

The Role of the International Community 337Conclusion 340

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FEATURESCase Study: Human Insecurity in Southeast Asia 319Global Perspective: Asian Values 326Theory in Practice: Gendered Perspective

on Human Rights 336Thinking About Global Politics: What Should Be Done?

National Interests Versus Human Interests 343

PART V: Global Issues: Political Economy and the Environment

CHAPTER 11: International Political Economy 346

Ngaire Woods and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 348The Postwar World Economy 349Traditional Approaches to IPE: Liberal, Mercantilist,

and Marxist 356The Liberal Tradition 356The Mercantilist Tradition 357The Marxist Tradition 358

New Approaches to IPE 361Political Economy: The Application of Rational Choice

to Groups Within the State 361Institutionalism: The Application of Rational Choice

to States 362Constructivism 362

The Globalization Debate in IPE 364Is Globalization Diminishing the Role of the State

in the World Economy? 365The Global Skeptics 365New Constraints on States 366

International Institutions in the Globalizing World Economy 367

Conclusion 370

FEATURESCase Study 11.1: Microcredit: Empowering Women

Through Investment 353Global Perspective: The Bretton Woods Institutions

and the Global South 355

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PART VV: GGlobbal Isssuues: PPoolitiical EEconoomyyy andd thee Ennvirronmmennt

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x CONTENTS

An Appraisal of the Responses of the Orthodox Approach to Its Critics 423

Hunger 424The Orthodox, Nature-Focused Explanation

of Hunger 424The Entitlement, Society-Focused Explanation

of Hunger 426Globalization and Hunger 428

Conclusion 430

FEATURESCase Study 13.1: Ideas and Development in the

Contemporary Coffee-Producing Sector 413Theory in Practice: The Terms of Development 418Case Study 13.2: Haiti: Poverty and Hunger 420Global Perspective: Life in Zimbabwe: Poverty, Hunger,

Development, and Politics 422Thinking About Global Politics: Development

Assistance as Foreign Policy Statecraft 432

CHAPTER 14: Environmental Issues 434 John Vogler and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 436Environmental Issues on the International Agenda:

A Brief History 438The Environment and International

Relations Theory 443The Functions of International Environmental

Cooperation 446Transboundary Trade and Pollution Control 448

Norm Creation 450Capacity Building 450Scientifi c Understanding 451Governing the Commons 452

Environmental Regimes 452Climate Change 454Conclusion 460

FEATURESGlobal Perspective: The “Doomsday” Seed Vault 445Theory in Practice: Regime Theory and the Montreal

Protocol 447Case Study: Common but Differentiated

Responsibilities? 458Thinking About Global Politics: The Environment: Images

and Options 462

Thematic Maps 465Glossary 476References 488Credits 493Index 495

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Theory in Practice: Contending Views of Capitalism 359

Case Study 11.2: The European Economic Crisis and Its Global Consequences 369

Thinking About Global Politics: Globalization: Productive, Predatory, or Inconsequential? 373

CHAPTER 12: Global Trade and Finance 374Jan Aart Scholte and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 376Global Trade and Finance Actors 377A Globalizing Economy 377

Cross-Border Transactions 377Open-Border Transactions 380Transborder Transactions 382

Global Trade 384Transborder Production 385Transborder Products 387

Global Finance 389Global Money 390Global Banking 390Global Securities 391Global Derivatives 393

Continuity and Change in Economic Globalization 394Irregular Incidence 394The Persistence of Territory 395The Survival of the State 397The Continuance of Nationalism

and Cultural Diversity 399Conclusion 402

FEATURESGlobal Perspective: NAFTA and Mexico 383Case Study: Southern Debt in Global Finance 392Theory in Practice: What Course to Follow

Out of the 2008 Global Recession? 398Thinking About Global Politics: The Possibilities of

Cooperation: The Global Commons Challenge 404

CHAPTER 13: Poverty, Development, and Hunger 406

Caroline Thomas and Steven L. LamyIntroduction 408Poverty 409Development 410

Post-1945 International Economic Liberalism and the Orthodox Development Model 411

The Post-1945 International Economic Order: Results 414Economic Development: Orthodox and Alternative

Evaluations 415A Critical Alternative View of Development 419Democracy, Empowerment, and Development 420The Orthodoxy Incorporates Criticisms 421

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