Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
TheWebofThingsBridgingtheIoTSilos
Interoperability across IoT platforms
DaveRaggettW3C
26May2016
TheInternetofThings– BridgingtheSilos
Stillveryimmature,butwithmassivepotential
Lackofinteroperabilityattheapplicationlevel
Manyplatformsandassociated standardsl Addressingbroadrangeofdifferentrequirementsl Endtoendsecuritychallengingacrossplatforms
FragmentationandSilosareholdingback thepotential
Openorclosedsystem?l Closedsystemsincentive:controll Opensystemsprompt:reducedcostsandincreasedmarketsize
l Needforwideadoptionofsharedopenstandards
2/30
IoT Landscape
3/30
4/30
TheIoT StandardisationChallenge 4
5/30
Whatwewanttoavoid… 5
WebofThings– Inter-Platformstandardsforinteroperability
TheWebwillenableatransitionfromcostlymonolithicsoftwaretoopenmarketsofapps
6/30
Analogywithearlydaysofnetworking
BeforetheInternet,thereweremanynon-interoperablenetworktechnologies
l IPmadeitsimpletointerconnect networksandcreateinteroperable servicesindependent ofthenetworktechnologies
l TheInternet grewexponentially astheopportunities wererealisedl LikewisefortheWebwhichtookoverfromisolated information
services
Directanalogywithtoday’s IoT silosandtheirlackofinteroperability
l TheWebofThingsistheequivalentofIPforsemanticinteroperability andendtoendsecurity
l TheWebofThingswillenableexplosivegrowthasthebarriers tointeroperability aretorndown
7/30
SensorDataStreams
l Atimesequence oftupleswherethetimeintervalisnon-negative(wikipedia)
l Manyapplicationareasl Winddirectionandspeedl Healthcare,e.g.electrocardiograml Racingcarenginedatal Rocketryl Oilandgasindustryl Smartcitiesl ....
l Metadata describingwhatisbeingmeasuredandhowitisbufferedandencodedfortransmission
Telemetryforremotesensors8/30
SensorDataStreamsandtheCloud
l Device– Gateway– Cloudl IoTdeviceswithlocalconnectivityl Gatewaysthatstreamsensordatato thecloudl Powerfulscalablecloudbasedplatforms
l Opportunities forservices acrossmanyapplicationdomains
l Bigdata,streamanalyticsandadvancedAIl Machinelearningandpersonalisedservices
l Needforopenstandardstocreateopenmarketsofservicesthatspancloudplatformsoperatedbydifferentvendors
Google’s CloudPlatformfortheIoT
9/30
HomeHubsasPlatformsforSmartHomeApps
l Webstandardscancreateopportunitiesforvendorneutralplatformsforamarketforappsyoucaninstallonyourhomehub
l Yoursmartphoneprovidesthehumanmachine interfacefortheseapps
l Improvedsenseofprivacycomparedwithhavingyourpersonaldatabeingsenttothecloud
l Appsbaseduponyoursocial connectionsl Peertopeerwithyourfriend’shomehubs
Samsung’s SmartThings
10/30
TheWebofThingsintheHome
Gateway CloudbasedServices
Firewall
Ambientorbatteryoperated IoT devices
Powered,multi-protocol
BrowserforHMI
11/30
SmartManufacturing
l Greater flexibility toaddressthetrendtohighlypersonalisedproducts
l Reacting fastertochangingmarketconditions
l Vertical integrationfromtheproductioncells totheboardroom
l Horizontalintegrationacrossthesupplychainandthevaluechainwithinabusiness
RobotsmanufacturingTesla’s electriccars
12/30
WebofThings
Applicationsactonsoftwareobjectsthatstandforphysicalorabstractthings
l Local“things”l Remote“things
Richdescriptionsforevery“thing”l Datamodels,semantics,metadatal Ontologiesthatdescribe“things”
Thingsdon’tneedtobeconnectedl Abstractentitiesandunconnectedphysicalobjects
13/30
DistributedWebofThingswhereeverythinghasaURI
l Thingdescriptions canbeusedtocreateproxiesforathing,allowingscriptstointeractwithalocalproxyforaremoteentity
l ScriptscanrunonserversoraspartofWebpagesinWebbrowserforhumanmachineinterface
l Thingtopologiesl PeertoPeer,PeertoPeer
viaCloud,Star,Device toCloud,StartoCloud
14/30
CommunicationsStack– CleanseparationofconcernsApplication Scripts that define thing behaviour in terms of their properties, actions
and events, using APIs for control of sensor and actuator hardware
Things Software objects that hold their stateAbstract thing to thing messagesSemantics and Metadata, Data models and Data
Transfer Bindings of abstract messages to mechanisms provided by each protocol, including choice of communication pattern, e.g. pull, push, pub-sub, peer to peer, etc.
Transport REST based protocols, e.g. HTTP, CoAPPub-Sub protocols, e.g. MQTT, XMPP, AMQPOthers, including non IP transports, e.g. Bluetooth
Network Underlying communication technology with support for exchange of simple messages (packets)Many technologies designed for different requirements
ApplicationDeveloper(WoT focus)
PlatformDeveloper(IoT focus)
15/30
Scalability
16/30
WebofThingsfortheMakerCommunity
ArduinoEthernetShieldl 16KBRAMl MicroSD cardslotl ControlledthroughSPIbusl PollingorH/Winterruptl Cost:4.75GBPoneBay
ArduinoUnowithATmega328PMCUl 2KBRAMl 1KBEEPROMl 32KBFLASHl LotsofI/Opinsl Cost:2.33GBPoneBay
https://github.com/w3c/wot-arduino
Opensourceprojectsareunderway,e.g.fortheArduinoandmorepowerfulMCUs
17/30
Whatkindsofmetadatadoweneedforthis?
l Thinglifecycles,dataandinteractionmodelsl Asexposedtotheapplications
l Howtointeroperatewithanotherplatform?l Mappingfromthingdescriptions toplatform specificprotocols
l IPaddressandport forIPbasedprotocolsl PathsforRESTbasedprotocols suchasCoAP &HTTP
l Whatcommunicationpatternstouse?l Push,pull, pub-sub, peertopeerl Real-timerequirementsl Transactional robustness&rollbacksl Multiplexing andbufferingl Sleepyambient&batterypowered devices
l Semanticmodelsofthingsandtheirconstraints
18/30
19/30
Data&InteractionModels
Mustberichenoughtocoverbroadrangeofusecasesandplatforms
l Properties,actionsandeventscarryvaluesl Actionsareasynchronousandcanbepassedavalue,
andmayreturnasequenceofvalues
l Valuesasbasictypesl Null,true,false,numbers,strings
l Compound valuesl Arraysl Setsofname/valuepairsl Things(awebofrelatedthings)l Streams(e.g.windspeedanddirection)
l Integrityconstraintsl Onsinglevalues,e.g.
l min/max,integer/floatl Acrossmultiplevaluesl Cardinalityconstraintsl Needforpathexpressions
l Complicationsl Proxychainsl Earlyandlatebinding
l Partiallydefinedtypesl Cyclicdependenciesacrossthingsl Softwaredependencies
l Metadataconstraints(versioning)
19
Semantics
l Needed toensurethatplatformssharethesamemeaningforthedatatheyexchange
l Simpleapproachistodefinesemantics aspartofthesystemspecifications
l Betterapproachistotagdataasbelongingtoanontologythatdescribestherelationshipsbetweenconcepts inamachineinterpretablewayl Whatkindofathingisit?
l e.g.atemperaturesensorl Whatarethedomainconstraints?
l temperaturesensorsmustdescribetheirphysicalunits,whichmustbefromtheset{Kelvin,Celsius,Fahrenheit}
l Otherontologiescoulddescribethelocationofthesensorandwhatitismeasuring
20/30
Semantics
l Ontologiesallowinformationtobeexchangedmeaningfully inawaythat isindependentofthedataformatsusedforitstransmission
l Ontologiesfurtherallowforchecksthattheinformationisconsistentwiththedomainmodels
l Thiscancoverricherconstraints,e.g. temporalconstraintsacrossactionsandproperties
l W3ChasasuiteofstandardsfortheSemanticWebandLinkedDatal RDF,XML,SPARQL,RDF-S,OWL,RIF,JSON-LD,RDFinCSV,...
l Enablesemantic basedsearchandcompositionofservicesl Ensurethatcompositionswilluseinteroperableservices
21/30
22/30
WebofThingsActivity
22
W3CWebofThingsInterestGroup
Workshop inBerlin(June 2014)l LaunchofWebofThingsIGin2015l ChairedbyJörg Heuer,Siemensl Taskforces
ThingdescriptionsAPIsandprotocolsDiscoveryandprovisioningSecurity,privacyandresilienceCommunicationsandcollaboration
Strongemphasis onimplementation experiencel Demosandplug-festsl Helpstobuildasharedunderstanding
MontrealFacetoFace,11-13April201623/30
MembersoftheWebofThingsInterestGroup
24/30
JointWhitePaperonSemanticInteroperability
l Contributorsareindividualsfromarangeofindustryalliancesandstandardsdevelopmentorganisationsl Editors fromW3C,oneM2M,IEEEP2413
l Inspirationfrommanyofthepapersonsemanticinteroperability
l Illustratetheconceptintermsofsomeusecases,alongwiththerequirements,andviewsonhowtoenablesemanticinteroperabilitywithinandacrossIoT platforms
l Discussbestpracticesforontologydesignanddistinguishcrossdomain(horizontal)metadataanddomainspecific(vertical)metadata
l Oncewehaveastableversionwewillinvitewiderexpertreviewandupdatethedocumentaccordingly
l WewillseekbroaddisseminationofthedocumentandwillpublishunderaCreativeCommonsLicense
l Wehope thatthedevelopmentprocesswillhelpshapeacommonperspectiveacrosscontributorsandthatthewhitepaperwillinfluencetheagendasofworkinggroupsacrosstheindustry
25/30
LiaisonsandCollaborations
Reachingouttoindustryalliances andSDO’stodriveconvergencetounleashthepotential
l Plattform Industrie 4.0Especiallythe“semantics”subgroup
l IndustrialInternetConsortiuml OpenConnectivityFoundationl OPCFoundationl IETF/IRTFl oneM2Ml AIOTI
AIOTI26/30
WebofThingsWorkingGroup
TheInterestGroup(IG)isworkingonl Usecases,requirements,technologylandscapeandplansfor
launchingworkinggroups(WG)l IGspreparethegroundforstandardsbutdon’tdevelop
standardsl WGsarecharteredtodevelopstandards(W3C
Recommendations)
We’recollecting ideasforaWorkingGroupincludingl Horizontalmetadatavocabularies(things,security,
communications)l Serialisationsofmetadata,e.g.,asJSON-LDl APIsandbindingstospecificprotocolsandplatformsin
collaborationwiththeplatformowners
WebofThingsWorkingGrouptobelaunchedin2016
27/30
TheBottomLine
TheWebisessentialforrealizingthefullpotentialoftheIoT
TheWebprovidesaunifying frameworkforsemanticinteroperability
TheWebactsasaglobalmarketplaceforsuppliersandconsumersofservices
28/30
WorldWideWebConsortium
Mission: leadtheWebtoitsfullpotentiall TheWebistheworld'slargestvendor-neutraldistributedapplicationplatform
FoundedbySirTimBerners-Lee, inventoroftheWebl 400+Membersl Member-funded internationalorganisation
DevelopsstandardsforWebandsemantic technologiesl HTML,CSS,scriptingAPIs,XML,SVG,VoiceXML,
SemanticWebandLinkedDataetc.l Developeroriented,enablingcooperationbetween
organisationswithverydifferentbackgroundsl W3Cpatentpolicyforroyaltyfreestandardsl W3Cstaffofengineersactivelyparticipatinginstandardisationl Increasinglyinvolvedinverticals:Mobile,TV,Automotive,Digitalpublishing
29/30
30/30
FormoreinformationonW3Csee:
www.w3.org
WorkwithustobuildtheWebofThings!
Thankyou!
