Bridging the gap between - Cambridge Wireless · A brief history of Keysight Technologies ... HSUPA EDGE Evolution 1x EV-DO 0 ... Bridging the gap between 5G vision ; *

Bridging the gap between 5G vision and reality

Moray Rumney

Lead Technologist

Strategic Business

Development

3rd February 2015

Page 2 © 2015 Keysight Technologies

Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 2

A brief history of Keysight Technologies

1939–1998: Hewlett-Packard years A company founded on electronic measurement innovation

1999–2013: Agilent Technologies years

Spun off from HP, Agilent became the World’s Premier

Measurement Company. In September 2013, it

announced the spinoff of its electronic measurement

business

2014: Keysight begins operations

November 1, Keysight is an independent company

focused 100% on the electronic measurement industry

We believe in “Firsts”

Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard’s original vision, which

launched Silicon Valley, shaped our passion for “firsts”

75 years ago. Today we are committed to provide a new

generation of “firsts” – software-oriented solutions – that

create value for Keysight investors and valued insights

for our customers.


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 3

Vision vs. Reality

What

happened!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 4

The Hype cycle – where are we?

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gartner_Hype_Cycle.svg


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 5

The big 5G debate

Compared to previous generations the interest and broad scope of the 5G

debate is unprecedented.

Some reasons for this level of engagement:

1. A reaction to the forecast of exponential demand

2. Academic research into new technology

3. Governments taking the initiative to promote geographic leadership

4. Vendors looking for the next big technology rollover

5. A potentially disruptive transition for new entrants & new IP

6. A general fear of being left behind

7. A chance to fix everything that’s not right with legacy networks

8. Opportunity to address green issues like energy efficiency, fair access

9. Emerging markets like the IoT and medical


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 6

Five Major 5G challenges

1. Setting the right objectives

2. Technical breakthrough

3. Where’s the spectrum?

4. What about Wi-Fi?

5. What’s the business case?


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 7

IEEE 5G Tutorial

The longer version of this

presentation:

www.comsoc.org

http://www.comsoc.org/

http://www.comsoc.org/


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 8

Motivation for 5G – New capabilities? New expectations?

Four high-level drivers of 5G:

>99.999%

Reliability

These are very real but

also conflicting demands


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 9

Learning from the past

In order to make sense of 5G it is

prudent to have a firm understanding

of how we go to this point

• What’s working well today

• What’s not working so well and why

The study of history may lead to new insights!

From this perspective we can make

informed choices about which of the

levers available to us are most

valuable to pull


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision

and reality. Page 10

LTE-Adv. (R10 and beyond)

802.16m / [WiMAX2]

4G

802.16e (Mobile WiMAX)

HSPA+ / E-HSPA

LTE (R8/9 FDD/TDD)

3.9G

HSDPA HSUPA

EDGE Evolution

1x EV-DO 0 A B

3.5G

TD-SCDMA (China)

W-CDMA (FDD & TDD)

E-GPRS (EDGE)

cdma2000 (1x RTT)

3G

Mark

et

evo

lutio

n

802.11ax NG60

802.11ad

802.11ac

HSCSD GPRS iMODE IS-95B (US CDMA)

2.5G

WiBRO (Korea)

802.16d (Fixed WiMAX)

Wireless evolution: 1990 to 2020+

802.11h/n

802.11a/g

802.11b GSM (Europe)

IS-136 (US TDMA)

PDC (Japan)

IS-95A (US CDMA)

2G

Inc

rea

sin

g e

fficie

nc

y, ba

nd

wid

th a

nd

da

ta ra

tes

© 2012 Agilent Technologies

5G

WLAN Cellular

IMT-2020 A unified 5G standard?


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Observations on 5G timeline

2020 looks very optimistic The IMT-2020 process will be similar to previous generations

• The IMT-Advanced process took 12 years

• LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release 10) met the requirements

LTE-A was highly leveraged from LTE (3GPP Release 8)

For IMT 2020 timing:

• The process is 8 years yet the scope and difficulty are MUCH higher

• There is no pre-existing standard upon which to leverage IMT 2020

• Spectrum allocations for IMT 2020 won’t be negotiated until WRC-19

These factors make significant mmWave deployment in 2020

unlikely – but this date remains a target to focus the industry


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


High

Performance

The upper half

contains some of the

high performance

targets being

discussed for 5G

The consequences on

the attributes of

availability, cost and

efficiency using

today’s technology

then follow

5G Possibilities

High performance

Bit rate

bits / s

109

107

105

103

UE battery life

days

103

102

10

1

Availability

cost and

efficiency


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


High

Performance

By contrast the

contrasting demands

of static Machine Type

Communications

(MTC) and IoT look

very different

The key attributes are

driven from the lower

half of the spider

diagram with the likely

performance attributes

being impacted

5G Possibilities

MTC/IoT targets

Bit rate

bits / s

109

107

105

103

UE battery life

days

103

102

10

1

Availability

cost and

efficiency


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


High

Performance

Looking at public

safety a further

difference emerges in

priorities

The consequence of

the contrasting targets

for 5G means there

will need to be more

than one technical

solution

5G Possibilities

Public safety targets

Bit rate

bits / s

109

107

105

103

UE battery life

days

103

102

10

1

Availability

cost and

efficiency


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


High

Performance

By overlaying the

contrasting demands

of different types of

service an aggregate

picture of 5G emerges.

5G Possibilities

Could this be 5G?

Bit rate

bits / s

109

107

105

103

UE battery life

days

103

102

10

1

Availability

cost and

efficiency

Caveat: Describing

5G only as an

aggregate of all

possibilities is not

helpful as no such

system could be

designed and built


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


2 Technical breakthrough

What technical breakthroughs are required for 5G?

Focus needs to be revolutionary since evolution is already in

hand

Due to limited time today consider the choices available for

growing network capacity to meet exponential demand

Degree of freedom Roads Cellular

1. Improve efficiency Reduce safe distance (new control system)

Higher spectral efficiency (interference mitigation)

2. Use wider channels Add lanes (also in 3D)

Use more spectrum (wider and more channels)

3. Increase density More (shorter) roads (preferably connected!)

Reduce inter-cell distance (more smaller cells / higher

frequency reuse)


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


The average efficiency of cellular does not have any

meaningful relationship to peak performance Co-channel interference explains the fundamental behaviour of

cellular systems sharing the same frequency between cells

The effects can be mitigated but they are always present

Cell edge /

poor conditions

Cell edge /

poor conditions

Cell centre /

good conditions

Cap

acit

y

Pedi-cab

performance

Average

performance

Peak performance

(single car)

http://www.google.co.uk/url?url=http://coolcarwallpaper.net/2015-bugatti-veyron-hyper-sport-design-hd-wallpaper&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=bW2xVPKyAePamAXZroHYDQ&ved=0CDYQ9QEwEDiYAg&usg=AFQjCNGIfPUzGUDqcCznKt1IA-6WHJWfVQ


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Interference in a typical loaded urban microcell

SINR in dB

Cu

mu

lati

ve d

istr

ibu

tio

n

0 %

100 %

-30 30 0 -20 -10 10 20

5 dB Median

performance

15 dB for <10%

of users

Principle: Highest

performance requires

high SINR - only

available to a few users

near the cell centre.

The “cell edge” can

cover half the cell area.

This plot shows a complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the variation in SINR across a typical outdoor urban microcell cell


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Variation of throughput across a cell in a loaded network

Throughput

Format

Occupied

Bandwidth Peak

(Single user)

Average (10 users/cell)

Cell Edge (10 users/cell)

Raw Peak/

edge ratio*

GSM (1 slot) (10

users, freq. reuse = 4) 1 MHz 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps 1

GPRS (4 slot) 4 MHz 81.6 kbps 50 kbps 36.2 kbps 2.3

EDGE (4 slot) 4 MHz 236.8 kbps 70 kbps 36.2 kbps 6.5

UMTS (Rel-99) 5 MHz 384 kbps 100 kbps 30 kbps 12.8

HSDPA (Rel-5) 5 MHz 3.6 Mbps 250 kbps 80 kbps 45

HSDPA (Rel-7) 5 MHz 42 Mbps 350 kbps 120 kbps 350

HSDPA (Rel-8) 10 MHz 84 Mbps 800 kbps 240 kbps 350

LTE (Rel-8) 4x4 20 MHz 300 Mbps 5.34 Mbps 1.6 Mbps 187

LTE-A (Rel-10) 4x4 20 MHz 600 Mbps 7.4 Mbps 2.4 Mbps 250 * Ratio can be reduced at expense of cell capacity with proportional fair scheduling and fractional frequency reuse


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Potential for cellular capacity growth (< 6 GHz)

Most

industry effort

Most

opportunity

2010 – 2020

Capacity 600x

Gro

wth

facto

r

1

10

Efficiency Spectrum No. of cells

100

3

2

100

Principle: Cell size continues

to dominate the potential for

capacity growth

The efficiency and spectrum growth are probably optimistic. The cell number growth represents a

change from one macrocell per 1000 subscribers to one hotspot or femtocell per 10 subscribers.


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Analysis of cell size

Spectral efficiency is essentially constant, data density varies 125 Billion : 1

Cell Type

Attribute Iridium

Satellite Rural

Urban

macro

Urban

micro Pico Femto

Wi-Fi

Hotspot

Coverage Worldwide

(outdoor) Rural Urban Urban Metro

Home/

Metro

Home/

Metro

Mobility Perfect V Good V Good Good Fair Nomadic Nomadic

Cell radius 1500 km 30 km 3 km 300 m 30 m 10 m 10 m

Cell area km2 7,700,000 2826 28 0.28 0.0028 0.0003 0.0003

Total cells 66 500 k 1 M 5 M 50 M 500 M 1 B

Total System

capacity/MHz 40 Mbps

500

Gbps 1 Tbps

7.5

Tbps

75

Tbps

1500

Tbps

1000

Tbps

Capex/cell $5 M $250 k $200 k $50 k $5 k $200 $50

Opex/cell/year $700 k $25 k $20 k $10 k $5 k $50 $20

Efficiency bps/Hz 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 3 1 – 2.5

Data density

Mbps/km2/MHz 0.00000008 0.00035 0.035 3.5 350 10000 3000


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Future cellular capacity growth using mmWave

2015 – 2025

Capacity 4000x

Gro

wth

facto

r

1

10


100

21

202

100

Principle: mmWave changes

the balance in favour of

spectrum

1 Based on a single 802.11ad hotspot in ideal conditions vs. a loaded cellular system. Does not take into

account massive MIMO or the potential to co-locate mmWave cells

2 20x spectrum based on 10 GHz mmWave vs. 500 MHz RF in any geographic area.

Caveat: mmWave spectrum for

mobile communications has yet

to be allocated


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Capacity 4000x Capacity 20000x

21

Future cellular capacity growth using mmWave

Adding massive MIMO

2015 – 2025

Gro

wth

facto

r

1

10


100

202

100

1 Including gains from co-location of cells or massive MIMO

2 20x spectrum assumes 10 GHz mmWave vs 500 MHz RF in any geographic area.

101

The possibilities for capacity

growth with mmWave look much

more balanced than at < 6 GHz


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


3 Where’s the Spectrum?

1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz 1 THz 10 THz 100 THz 1PHz

10 cm 1 cm 1 mm 100 mm 10 mm 1 mm

Wavelength

Frequency Microwave THz Far IR Infrared UV


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Review of LTE frequency bands: 45 bands and counting…

There are currently 42 frequency bands defined by 3GPP for

LTE with three more in process so far in Release 13.

FDD TDD

Release 8 1 – 17 (excl. 15,16*) 32 - 40

Release 9 18 - 21

Release 10 22 - 25 41 - 43

Release 11 26 - 29 44

Release 12 30 - 32

Release 13 1980-2010MHz & 2170-2200MHz Region 1,

1670-1675MHz Band for US,

AWS (Band 4) extension (study)

* Bands 15 and 16 are specified by ETSI only for use in Europe

AWS-3 auction raises $41B for 65 MHz!


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Fragmented spectrum has led to the development of

Carrier Aggregation (CA) Rel-10 3 new CA combinations

Rel-11 21 new CA combinations

Rel-12 114new CA combinations including 3 DL

Rel-13 52 new CA combinations so far including 4 DL

There are now 190 CA combinations (8 for 4 DL) of the 42 bands

Four downlink CA is now in process with talk of “up to 32 carriers” (someone

found a spare bit in the signalling…)

Every combination has the potential to require a new UE design to handle

the filtering and PA requirements leading to higher cost, complexity and test

A similar fragmented ecosystem would be

very undesirable/unworkable at mmWave


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Three carrier aggregation peak throughput

Keysight UXM Base Station emulator

456 Mbps!


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Five carrier intra-band signal generation example

Keysight Signal Studio for LTE


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Five carrier inter-band signal analysis example

Keysight 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer software


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


WRC-15 agenda items relevant to terrestrial mobile

communications

1.1 to consider additional spectrum allocations to the mobile service on a

primary basis and identification of additional frequency bands for International Mobile

Telecommunications (IMT) and related regulatory provisions, to facilitate the

development of terrestrial mobile broadband applications, in accordance with

Resolution 233 [COM6/8] (WRC-12);

1.2 to examine the results of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution

232 [COM5/10] (WRC-12), on the use of the frequency band 694-790 MHz by the

mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in Region 1 and take the appropriate

measures;

10 to recommend to the Council items for inclusion in the agenda for the next

WRC, and to give its views on the preliminary agenda for the subsequent conference

and on possible agenda items for future conferences, in accordance with Article 7 of

the Convention,

Opportunity to get mmWave

on agenda for WRC-19

https://www.google.co.uk/url?url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0A/06/R0A0600004D0001MSWE.docx&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=XzeQVKawMcrkapfvgIgJ&ved=0CDAQFjAF&usg=AFQjCNESxVtkA-yy98dXSF7RJRGuxowKwA


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Existing use of mmWave spectrum

A new Ofcom (UK) report on spectrum usage above 6 GHz reveals the

complexity of exiting allocations and uses

This figure shows an example for UK allocations in the band 55 – 76 GHz

This complexity will be repeated in other regions further complicating the task

of identifying significant blocks of spectrum for worldwide cellular mobile use

Source: Ofcom “ Spectrum above 6 GHz for future mobile communications” Jan 2015


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


UK uses for band 55 - 76 GHz Space Science Fixed links License exempt

55.78-56.9

GHz;

56.9-57 GHz;

57-58.2 GHz

Earth Exploration Satellite

Service (passive)

55.78-57

GHz

Point to Point Fixed Links – 0 licenses 57-64 GHz Non-Specific

Short Range

Devices

Tank Level

Probing Radar

(TLPR)

58.2-59 GHz

Earth Exploration Satellite

Service (passive)

Radio Astronomy

Space Research Service

(passive)

57-64 GHz Fixed Wireless Systems (57.1-63.9

GHz) – licenses exempt

57-66 GHz Wideband Data

Transmission

Devices

59-59.3 GHz Earth Exploration Satellite

Service (passive)

Space Research Service

(passive)

64-66 GHz

Self Co-ordinated links – 0 licenses 61-61.5

GHz

Non-Specific

Short Range

Device

64-65 GHz Radio Astronomy 71.125-

75.875

GHz

Point to Point Fixed Links (Ofcom

coordinated and Self Coordinated links)

– most point to point fixed links using

71.125-75.875 GHz are paired with

81.125-85.875 GHz. There are 1673

links across both bands (Nov 14)

65-66 GHz Earth Exploration Satellite

Service

66-71 GHz Radio Navigation Satellite

Service


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


WRC-19 – nothing is guaranteed for 5G

Based on history it should be expected that the negotiations for

mmWave spectrum at WRC-19 will be hard fought – nothing is

guaranteed!

• A joint task group within ITU-R of existing license holders from other

industries (satellite, land mobile, maritime, fixed wireless, broadcast and

science) is vetting the case being made by WP 5D to have spectrum

reallocated to mobile communications (IMT) at WRC-15

• For WRC-19 the list of existing users will include the military


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


4 What about Wi-Fi?

WiGIG 802.11ad - a barometer for 5G cellular?

WirelessHD led the way at 60

GHz but now its WiGIG / 802.11ad

Wireless HD HDMI adapter

Cellular at mmWave will face all of the challenges of 802.11ad

plus the additional demands of mobility and outdoor use cases

802.11ad ASIC’s and products are

now available and shipping


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Are we there yet? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4M4ngJsQF70

Demonstration of 72 closely located mmWave transceivers

Approximately 3 Gb/s/m2 – about 1000x RF cellular density!

But doing this from one cell requires massive MIMO.

36 bi-directional

links in an area

of 30 m2

Simultaneous

file transfer and

video streaming

with an

aggregate data

rate of 100 Gb/s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4M4ngJsQF70


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Spectral efficiency at mmWave

The potential for beamsteering of mmWaves changes the way

we can think about spectral efficiency

At lower frequencies signals are more

omnidirectional and so cells need to be

physically separate in order not to interfere

• This means that for any given spectrum,

cell size defines the capacity of the area

At mmWave, antennas are much smaller

making beamforming with arrays feasible

This enables higher area capacity through close

location or co-location of cells

High SINR

Low SINR


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Increasing mmWave capacity through co-located cells

The narrow beam widths possible

at mmWave frequencies mean

cells can be much closer than is

possible at RF

This effect could be described as

either an opportunity to increase

cell count in a given area or as an

increase in the spectral efficiency

in the area of one cell.

The other approach is to implement massive

MIMO from a single cell which enables

beamforming coordination across UEs

Multiple radio

Co-location

Single radio

Massive MIMO


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Co-location vs. Massive MIMO

With today’s technology, the potential gains from Massive MIMO

are probably of a similar magnitude to the difficulty in making

affordable solutions

The approach of co-locating or closely locating simpler single

link radios for similar performance gains is therefore attractive

• Beamforming coordination (null steering) across multiple users would not

be possible

• However co-location has already been demonstrated using 802.11ad with

linear scaling of cost and complexity

In the meantime research into Massive MIMO continues

The added challenges beyond 802.11ad of mobility and outdoor

environments that don’t have rich scattering are considerable


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Massive MIMO tutorial

For a more in-depth discussion of Massive MIMO see:

Massive MIMO and mmWave Technology Insights and Challenges

To date, massive MIMO research has been largely theoretical, and with much of the

published work in a form that is either unapproachable by the average engineer or so

overly simplified as to be unhelpful. This presentation strives to provide an intuitive

understanding of massive MIMO technology and its challenges, while taking care to

completely avoid the math. Included will be a demonstration on the qualitative impact

of channel characteristics on power amplifier requirements.

Presented by: Bob Cutler, Senior Solution Architect, Keysight Technologies

http://www.keysight.com/main/redirector.jspx?action=ref&cname=EDITORIAL&ckey=2558035&lc=eng&cc=GB&nfr=-11143.0.00


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Increasing mmWave capacity with Massive MIMO

The four beam patterns below are simultaneously transmitted to separate UE from

a 50 element linear array of omnidirectional elements at ½ λ spacing

UE 1 UE 2

UE 3

UE 4

Scatterer


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Working with wideband signals at mmWave

Much to think about!

High Frequency High Bandwidth High Path Loss High Data Rate

Phase Stability High IF Converters

(use 2nd Nyquist)

Directional Antennas

Usually Required

Power consumption

Amplifier Efficiency I and Q channel match

over frequency

Large codebook space

for Beam Steering

Algorithm Complexity

Output Power Integrated Noise Power Beam forming

complexity

Prototyping (FPGA’s

usually not fast enough)

Antenna Complexity IF/RF Flatness

Robust Modulation and

Coding (MCS)

IO (memory, interfaces

to CPU’s etc.)

Quadrature Errors

(Homodyne)

A/D and D/A Converters

(power consumption)

Discovery and Tracking

affect MAC and MCS

High sample-rate data

to/from converters


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Working with wideband signals at mmWave

60 GHz test bed for analyzing 2 GHz BW signals

DUT

N1999A 60GHz/5GHz Down-converter

MXG2: N5183A-520 MXG (Rx LO)

Controlling PC (Could be Desktop, Laptop or Embedded)

Acq'd Signal

DSA90804A Infiniium Oscilloscope

81199A Wideband

Waveform Center (WWC)

89601B VSA SW

Differential IQ

WARNING: Ex it 89600 VSA Sof tware be fore cha nging in strument setup

Dem

od

PSG: E8267D-520-016 (I/Q Modulation)

N5152A 5GHz/60GHz Up-converter

MXG1: N5183A-520 MXG (Tx LO)

M8190A Wideband AWG (I/Q Generation)

Differential IQ

Waveform


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


What if WRC-19 doesn’t deliver new spectrum for 5G?

Is there a plan B?

3GPP are developing a new feature called Licensed Assisted Access (LAA

a.k.a. LTE-U)

This would enable LTE femtocells to be operated in the 5 GHz ISM

unlicensed band as an alternative to Wi-Fi offload

That’s access to 580 MHz of new spectrum!

However, changes are required to add listen before talk (LBT) capability to

LTE since it does not co-exist with itself or Wi-Fi


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


What if WRC-19 doesn’t deliver new spectrum for 5G?

Is there a plan B?

Given:

• the complexities of identifying global mmWave spectrum

• the timing of new allocations may be too late for 2020

It is a logical step to extrapolate LAA at 5 GHz to the ISM band

at 60 GHz where there is 8.64 GHz of contiguous spectrum


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Instrumentation Scientific Medical (ISM) spectrum

channel 1 channel 2 channel 3 channel 4

57.240 GHz 59.400 GHz

61.560 GHz 63.720 GHz

2.16GHz

65.880 GHz

60GHz

5.150 GHz 5.850 GHz (US only)

Non-contiguous spectrum, permitting, at

best, 2 x 160MHz channels 5GHz

5.725 GHz

5.350 GHz 5.470 GHz

2.4 GHz

2.4 GHz 2.485 GHz

W-Fi delivering half of all

internet traffic by 2016

with cellular at 10% (Cisco)

Underused today

Very underused today


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


60GHz Channel Plan by Region

*

*CWPAN (China) also planning 45 – 50 GHz deployment

Channels 2 and

3 are available

almost

worldwide


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


The alternative to LAA:

Continued integration of cellular and Wi-Fi

3GPP/I-WLAN 802.11u/Hotspot 2.0 (Passpoint)

EAP over

WiFi

WiFi

ANQP

ePDG

ANDSF

PMIPv6

DSMIPv6

GTP

Access WiFi with

SIM credentials

Select WiFi SSID that

have operator

agreements

Access IMS

and other operator

IP services from

untrusted WiFi

IP address continuity and IP flow mobility

Operator delivered policies for UE connection

manager

EAP – Extensible Authentication Protocol

ANQP – Access network Query Protocol

ePDG – Evolved Packet Data Gateway

PMIPv6 – Proxy Mobil IP v6

DSMIPv6 – Dual Stack Mobility IP v6

GTP – GPRS Tunelling Protocol

ANDSF – Access network Discovery and Selection Function

LTE WiFi

Keysight UXM

HS2.0 will mean

users will become

increasingly unaware

of cellular vs. WiFi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Authentication_Protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11u

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/wireless/epdg-evolved-packet-data-gateway/index.html

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/wireless/epdg-evolved-packet-data-gateway/index.html

https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/68/slides/netlmm-1.pdf

http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-02080-3_10

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS_Tunnelling_Protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_network_discovery_and_selection_function


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


5 What’s the business case?

What do we need for 5G to be successful? We need a bold vision! However…

• The vision must first obey the laws of physics

• Must lead to a mature and sustainable market

– No flagpoles on mountain tops (Stephen Temple)

For an industry to be mature requires that:

• Consumers must understand product performance – what to expect

• From this they can assess the value to them

But successful industry also has to be sustainable so:

• Revenue is generated when consumers buy (value exceeds the price)

• Profit is generated when the cost of delivery is lower than the price

http://www.stephentemple.co.uk/articles/5g-minority-capacity-hill-dwellers-rest-us/

http://www.stephentemple.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Yunan3.jpg


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision



Given the enormous scope of the 5G debate it is very hard to

come up with specific business cases

Things we need to figure out for a sustainable future:

• Developing a mature understanding of the different methods of service

delivery to ensure value exceeds price which then has to exceed costs

• Consequentially, correct service pricing will ensure end-user expectations

and behaviour are sustainable - enabling profit for continued investment

– correct pricing is why we don’t commute to work in a helicopter

• Who will own the networks of the future?

• Licensed vs. unlicensed access?

• Will Wi-Fi and cellular evolution converge/collide in 5G?


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision



Factors determining real user experience Each generation brings new developments and higher peak

performance

But to date, the factors that truly determine end user experience are:

• What is the network coverage?

• What is the density of the network?

• How many channels are available in any one location?

The dominant factors influencing end-user experience have been

network topology and the associated investment rather than which

technology.

Will breakthroughs in 5G change that?

The unprecedented interest and investment in the next generation

needs to be matched to viable business cases to ensure sustainability.


Bridging the gap

between 5G vision


Thank you for listening!

The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed.

William Gibson

Documents

Bridging the gap between - Cambridge Wireless · A brief history of Keysight Technologies ... HSUPA EDGE Evolution 1x EV-DO 0 ... Bridging the gap between 5G vision ; *