Bridges 1 . More Practice. Grammar and Vocabulary

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Unit 1 Vocabulary

1 Circle the word that doesn’t belong.

1. sociable • hard-working • friendly • outgoing

2. slim • petite • well-built • thin

3. considerate • arrogant • impolite • dishonest

4. reliable • immature • organised • successful

5. attractive • pretty • gorgeous • independent

2 Choose the correct answer.

1. I love those gorgeous / moody / shy shoes in the shop window.

2. It’s 6.00 am and she’s singing. How can she be so honest / reliable / cheerful at this time of the day?

3. I wish I had tall / straight / calm hair like yours. It always looks so nice.

4. Vanessa dates older boys because those her own age aren’t stubborn / outgoing / mature enough.

3 Complete the sentences with the words below.

polite • shy • stubborn • curly • arrogant

1. Thomas is so ……………… , he thinks he’s the best at everything.

2. Don’t be afraid to join in our online chat. Talk to us, don’t be ……………… !

3. William’s hair is blond and ……………… .

4. In England, people are so ……………… . Everyone says “Excuse me!” and “Thank you”.

5. Laura says she would rather be cold than wear a coat. She is so ……………… .

4 Write the opposite of the adjectives below in the correct column.

polite • friendly • successful • attractive • dependent • reliable • organisedconsiderate • patient • honest • sociable • mature

un- dis- in- im-

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5 Complete the sentences with the adjectives below. Add a prefix if necessary.

successful • moody • organised • honest • sociablepolite • patient • attractive

1. He won the award for “most ……………… businessman” because he made over eight million dollars.

2. My neighbour doesn’t talk to anyone. He is an ……………… man who doesn’t like contact with other people.

3. It will be difficult to sell that house because it is so ……………… . You should paint it.

4. You can tell that the store manager is an ……………… person. Everything in the store is in the right place and easy to

find.

5. It is very ……………… to push other people even if you are in a hurry.

6. I don’t trust Jack. Everyone told me he’s ……………… .

7. Ben is such a ……………… child. One minute he is crying and the next minute he’s laughing.

8. You need to be very ……………… when you go to the post office because the queue is very long.

6 Complete the passage with the words below.

unattractive • inconsiderate • dishonest • blonde • hard-working • reliable

IN HER SHOES

Curtis Hanson’s entertaining film In Her Shoes is about two sisters who are completely different. Maggie Feller (Cameron Diaz) is (1) ……………… and beautiful while her sister Rose (Toni Collette) is dark haired and (2) ……………… . Whereas Maggie is wild and loves to party, Rose is a serious and (3) ……………… lawyer who lives alone. Maggie often gets into trouble and depends on Rose, her (4) ……………… sister, to always come to her rescue. However, problems begin when Maggie, having nowhere else to live, moves into Rose’s flat. Maggie shows how (5) ……………… she is of her sister by messing up her flat. But worse than that, she is also (6) ……………… and steals Rose’s clothes, shoes and even her boyfriend. The sisters fight and Rose kicks Maggie out. However, by the end of the film, things change.

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Grammar1 Rewrite the sentences with the time expressions below.

never • on Saturdays • often • now • next week

1. My grandmother is coming to visit us. ................................................................................................................................

2. It snows in the desert in the summer.................................................................................................................................

3. They go to the beach at the weekend.................................................................................................................................

4. I feel much better.................................................................................................................................

5. My father doesn’t usually work.................................................................................................................................

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. He ……………………… (not play) tennis today because he forgot his racquet.

2. ……………… they ……………… (like) their new home?

3. My party is at 8.00 tonight. ……………… you ……………… (come)?

4. My mother ……………… usually ……………… (not cook) on Sundays. Sometimes we ……………………… (eat)

in restaurants and sometimes we ……………………… (go) to friends for dinner.

5. Why ……………… Sarah ……………… (not sing) with the other children today?

Because she ……………………… (not remember) the words.

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the affirmative or negative of the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

drive • drink • watch • sleep • rain • go

1. Take your umbrella, it ……………………… outside.

2. Many people ……………………… coffee in the mornings because it helps them wake up.

3. The President ……………………… his own car. He has a chauffeur.

4. I am ill so I ……………………… to work today.

5. It’s morning here, but in California people ……………………… because it’s still night.

6. She ……………………… the sunset every evening because she thinks the colours are beautiful.

4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

Many people who (1) ……………………… (look) for a job today won’t find one. Steve Jeffes has got some

important advice if you (2) ……………………… (try) to find a job. He (3) ……………………… (believe) that the

reason that many people today (4) ……………………… (not be) successful job-hunters is because of their

appearance. In his book Appearance is Everything, he (5) ……………………… (explain) that attractive people

often (6) ……………………… (find) jobs more easily. Jeffes (7) ……………………… (not think) that this is fair.

Therefore, right now, Jeffes (8) ……………………… (collect) data to prove his point. He

(9) ……………………… (want) to suggest a law so everybody has an equal chance of finding a job.

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5 Complete the sentences. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. Every morning, I ................................................................................................... .

2. Right now, we ...................................................................................................... .

3. My friend doesn’t .................................................................................................. .

4. People usually ................................................................................... on Sundays.

5. My friends are busy this evening. They ..................................................................

............................................................................................................................... .

6 Write sentences with the words below. Make any necessary changes.

1. sun / the / rise / always / the / east / in / .................................................................................................................................

2. pack / right / she / suitcase / now / her / .................................................................................................................................

3. understand / you / problem / now / the / ?................................................................................................................................

4. Michael / why / that / today / behave / way / ?................................................................................................................................

5. sleep / they / go / to / when / usually / ?................................................................................................................................

6. on / play / the / Sundays / not / football / children / .................................................................................................................................

7. not / weekend / plan / join / this / Sara / to / us / .................................................................................................................................

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Unit 2 Vocabulary1 Match the advertising slogans in A to the types of accommodation in B.

A

1. A great place to meet other young people while you travel - clean and comfortable rooms for up to 20 people.

2. Back to nature in our quiet green fields - bring your own tent - no cars or other vehicles allowed.

3. Let our home be your home for the night - warm family home with two guest rooms.

4. Come and rent a home on wheels - travel from place to place without the worry of finding a hotel.

5. Relax in our spa with a huge jacuzzi and wet and dry sauna. Play tennis or exercise in our fitness centre.

B

..... a. campsite

..... b. caravan

..... c. bed and breakfast

..... d. resort

..... e. youth hostel

2 Match A to B to form sentences.

A B

1. You’ll need a first-aid kit ...... a. as it might be wet.

2. Bring your raincoat ...... b. as there isn’t any light in the caves.

3. Don’t forget your sunglasses ...... c. so thieves won’t be able to steal from you.

4. It’s a good idea to bring a torch ...... d. in case you have an accident.

5. Use a money belt ...... e. because it will be a bright day tomorrow.

3 Complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs below.

check in • take off • get to • set up • set off

1. We’ll ……………………… our picnic under the trees.

2. George and Rita ……………………… on their holiday at 8.00 this morning.

3. What time will the plane ……………………… ?

4. Where do we have to ……………………… our suitcases?

5. How long will it take to ……………………… Washington DC?

4 Read the tour guides’ instructions. Guess which type of trip each guide is leading.

Peter: “Stay in your seats till the end of the journey. We don’t want anyone to fall into the water.”

Jane: “On your left you can see the King’s palace, on your right is the new National Opera House.”

Jeremy: “They accept US dollars and euros only. Most stores will send large items home for you.”Annette: “After we’ve climbed the mountain, we’ll rest.”

Name of guide Trip

1. sightseeing trip

2. boat trip

3. hiking trip

4. shopping trip

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sleeping bags • hiking boots • sunscreen • tent

1. Don’t walk long distances in new ……………………… .

2. The children slept on the floor in ……………………… .

3. We bought a ……………………… which is large enough for four people to sleep in.

4. Make sure you put ……………………… on before you go to the beach.


sightseeing trip • snorkel • travel expenses • travel arrangements • set off • take photos • wetsuits • boat trip • camera

THE EGYPT ADVENTURE COMPANY

Try one of our day trips for a perfect family holiday. We make all the (1) ……………………… for you.

• The Red Sea Experience:

A peaceful (2) ……………………… on the beautiful Red Sea. If you can swim, you can learn to

(3) ……………………… . Experience the world under the sea and see some of the most beautiful fish in the

world. For your comfort we provide all the equipment, including (4) ……………………… in all sizes.

• A (5) ……………………… to the pyramids:

We (6) ……………………… early in the morning in time to see the sun rise over the pyramids. Don’t forget to

bring your (7) ……………………… as it is a special sight that you will want to remember. Our guide will be

happy to (8) ……………………… of you when he takes you on a short camel ride at the base of the pyramids.

All (9) ……………………… are included in the cost of the trip. You can leave your wallet at home.

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Grammar1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. My brother ……………………… (break) his leg while he ……………………… (ski).

2. The plane ……………………… (fly) over Africa when one of its engines ……………………… (fail).

3. Yesterday, I ……………………… (watch) a film when my TV ……………………… (break).

4. The children ……………………… (not sleep) when their parents ……………………… (return) home.

5. While Rafael ……………………… (visit) the museum, Bruno ……………………… (eat) at a restaurant.

2 The table below shows last Tuesday’s schedule for Camp Sierra Summer Camp in the USA. Decide who did the activities below.

Tuesday’s schedule

7th Graders 8th Graders

06:30 hike in the forest

08:00 wake up breakfast

09:30 breakfast play ball

11:00 paint pictures watch a film

12:30 watch a film paint pictures

14:00 lunch lunch

9th Graders 10th Graders

06:30 breakfast wake up

08:00 play ball swim in the lake

09:30 swim in the lake breakfast

11:00 sing karaoke hike in the forest

12:30 lunch hike in the forest

14:00 watch a film lunch

1. They were swimming while the 7th graders were having breakfast. ………………

2. They were still sleeping while the 8th graders were hiking. ………………

3. They had had breakfast before they went on their hike. ………………

4. They had already had lunch when they watched a film. ………………

5. They had breakfast after they had hiked in the forest. ………………

6. They were watching a film while the 9th graders were having lunch. ………………


1. The 7th graders were painting / had painted while the 8th graders were watching a film.

2. The 8th graders watched a film and then painted while the 10th graders went hiking / had gone hiking.

3. The 9th and 10th graders were swimming / had swum in the lake before they had / had had lunch.

4. The 8th graders played / had played ball after they went hiking / had gone hiking in the forest.

4 Join the sentences using the prepositions in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Past Perfect Simple.

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1. The 10th graders swam in the lake. They had lunch. (before)...........................................................................................................................

2. The 9th graders had lunch. They watched a film. (after)...........................................................................................................................

3. The 8th graders went hiking in the forest. The 7th graders got up. (before)...........................................................................................................................

4. The 10th graders went hiking in the forest for two hours. They had breakfast. (after)...........................................................................................................................

5 Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.

Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people find this device is ruining

their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia (1) ……………………… (get) his truck stuck while he

(2) ……………………… (drive) on a small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………

(arrive) in Britain only a few hours before, (4) ……………………… (not speak) English and

(5) ……………………… (become) very upset. This was not surprising because he (6) ………………………

(knock) down an electricity pole just minutes before. Similarly, a large lorry (7) ……………………… (break)

Dorothea North’s front gate while it (8) ……………………… (travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.

Both these accidents (9) ……………………… (happen) because the lorry drivers (10) ……………………… (not

watch) where they were going. They (11) ……………………… (use) their GPS navigational systems instead.

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Unit 3 Vocabulary1 Which word doesn’t belong?

1. Tennis: goal • racquet • net

2. Skating: helmet • ropes • rollerblades

3. Football: goal • pitch • court

4. Competitive sports: gymnastics • fishing • basketball

5. Team sports: volleyball • skating • hockey

2 Match the beginning of each sentence in A to a suitable ending in B.

A B

1. He wanted to keep fit so he took up ..... a. the match.

2. They beat the other team and won ..... b. a record at the Olympics.

3. Each team scored two goals, so it was ..... c. swimming.

4. He is determined to break ..... d. a runner-up.

5. Climbing Mount Everest is ..... e. a draw.

6. It might be disappointing to be ..... f. a challenge.


1. She is a dedicated / disciplined / competitive mother who will do anything for her child.

2. His parents realised he was a competitive / talented / challenge artist when he painted his first picture at the

age of two.

3. Susan learned how to go / play / do volleyball at school.

4. The football match ended in a 1-1 net / win / draw.

5. You must wear sports shoes when you play on the basketball pitch / basket / court.

6. My father likes to go / play / do fishing on Saturdays.

7. It’s quite a draw / challenge / track to run a marathon.

8. You play tennis with a basket / racquet / helmet.


beat • talented • train • take up • competitions • win • record • determined

Richard Williams loved watching tennis and he was (1) ……………… that his children would learn the sport. He

encouraged his youngest daughters, Serena and Venus, to (2) ……………… the sport before they reached school age.

The girls were so good that they were soon playing in (3) ……………… .

They were happy to (4) ……………… together every day and have stayed close friends even though they often play

against each other. Venus (5) ……………… her sister Serena at the 2001 US Open but then in 2002 it was Serena’s turn

to (6) ……………… the US Open.

Venus is such a powerful player that she once broke a (7) ……………… for the fastest serve at over 200 kilometres per

hour.

But the girls are not only tennis stars – they are both (8) ……………… designers; Venus designs the inside of apartments

and Serena designs clothes.

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5 Complete the sentences with the collocations below.

keep fit • scored a goal • win the match • break a record • enter the competition

1. They decided to ……………………………… , but they didn’t expect to win.

2. If she jumps one centimetre higher, she will ……………………………… .

3. Although Michael isn’t a good football player, he ……………………………… in yesterday’s match.

4. I cycle to school in order to ……………………………… .

5. They need one more point to ……………………………… against England.

6 Complete the sentences.

1. Eva is determined to .................................................................................................................. .

2. To keep fit, I ............................................................................................................................... .

3. When Bruno retires, he wants to take up .................................................................................. .

4. All the students are so disciplined that ...................................................................................... .

5. Pilar wishes she could break a record in ................................................................................... .

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Grammar1 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the Present Perfect Simple.

play • sleep • wear • break • ring • run

1. He ……………………… glasses since his eyes were tested last year.

2. He won’t be coming to school this week because he ……………………… his leg.

3. Children ……………………… basketball in this school since 1964.

4. My father ……………………… at least five marathons.

5. The telephone ……………………… 20 times this morning!

6. Wake him up! He ……………………… long enough.

2 Complete the sentences with never, ever, yet, just, since or for.

1. She has ……………… played basketball before.

2. The teachers can’t return the tests because they haven’t checked them ……………… .

3. My parents have lived in London ……………… 10 years.

4. Do you want to buy an MP4? No, I’ve ……………… bought one.

5. They are vegetarians. They haven’t eaten meat ……………… 1985.

6. Have you ……………… held a snake?


1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.

2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?

3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.

4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.

5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since.

6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?

7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.

8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.

4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple.

1. I am still looking for my ticket. I ……………………… (not find) it yet.

2. The basketball game ……………………… (finish) an hour ago.

3. ……………… you ever ……………… (see) so many fans at a game?

4. My little brother ……………………… (not drink) anything at all yesterday.

5. I ……………………… (never eat) snails before.

6. ……………… you ……………… (do) your homework last week?

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5 Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple.

Sacha Van Loo is a policeman for a special unit in Belgium. But Sacha is not an ordinary policeman. He

(1) ……………………… (be) blind since he was born. However, Sacha’s blindness (2) ……………………… (never / stop)

him from enjoying a full and successful life.

When he was young, his parents (3) ……………………… (teach) him to be independent and as a child he

(4) ……………………… (go) to ordinary schools with seeing children. While in school, Sacha (5) ………………………

(learn) to use his ears instead of his eyes. Now his ears (6) ……………………… (become) so sensitive that he can hear

things that others cannot. So when the Belgian police (7) ……………………… (open) a special listening unit to help solve

crimes in July 2007, Sacha (8) ……………………… (ask) for a job.

Sacha uses his special talent to listen to recordings of criminals’ telephone calls and conversations. By doing this, Sacha

(9) ……………………… (already / help) the police to catch many criminals. In one case, he (10) ………………………

(listen) to a criminal talking from inside a car and was able to tell which type of car the man was in!

6 Rewrite each sentence with the word in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple.

1. The last time my father drove a car was in 2004. (since)...........................................................................................................................

2. She stopped eating sweets two months ago. (for)

...........................................................................................................................

3. I haven’t bought a new jacket in two years. (ago)...........................................................................................................................

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Unit 4 Vocabulary1 Match the words in A to their definitions in B.

A B

1. petrol ..... a. look after, take care of

2. increase ..... b. saving, not wasting

3. pollutant ..... c. waste that you throw away

4. protect ..... d. harm

5. rubbish ..... e. causes pollution

6. conservation ..... f. make more of

7. damage ..... g. fuel

2 Match the causes in A to their effects in B.

A B

1. Glass and plastic are recycled. ..... a. Fewer trees means fewer homes for animals.

2. There is an increase in deforestation. ..... b. Less smoke means better health.

3. We buy more disposable products. ..... c. Household rubbish will be increased.

4. Cigarettes are banned in public places. ..... d. The result is an ecological disaster.

5. Hybrid cars are driven. ..... e. Fewer landfills are needed.

6. Land, air and water pollution increase. ..... f. Less petrol is used.


harmed • pollution • environmentally-friendly • toxic • global warming • spills • care about

fumes • increase • chemicals

1. ……………………… waste is caused by companies dumping dangerous ……………………… .

2. The ……………………… in temperature found all over the world is called ……………………… .

3. Oil ……………………… are a major cause of water ……………………… .

4. Our air quality is being ……………………… by the exhaust ……………………… of cars.

5. People who ……………………… the planet use ……………………… products.

4 Complete the sentences with the prefixes below.

under • over • inter • re • multi • anti

1. The baby is too thin. He is …………weight.

2. He is a peace activist. He writes …………war articles.

3. If you …………feed goldfish, they die. So only give them a tiny amount each day.

4. The teacher didn’t like his work, so the student had to …………write it.

5. The Harry Potter books have made J. K. Rowling a …………millionaire.

6. The Olympics are an …………national event.

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5 Complete the sentences by adding a prefix (under, over, inter, re, multi or anti) to the words below.

worked • developed • social • national • selling • storey

1. The ……………………… car park has got 10 levels.

2. This 10-year-old child is so ……………………… that he looks like a five year old.

3. He’s in the office from 07:30 to 22:00 every day. He is certainly ……………………… .

4. Please come and see us! Staying home alone is ……………………… .

5. The presidents met for an ……………………… peace conference.

6. She made a lot of money buying small items on eBay and then ……………………… them.


pollution • recycle • save • environment • decompose • landfills • destroy

The Australian minister of the (1) ……………… announced that he wants a law to ban all plastic shopping bags by the

end of this year. His reasons for the new law are that plastic bags are a major cause of (2) ……………… . They take up a

lot of space in (3) ……………… . In addition, they (4) ……………… wildlife and create litter in parks and beaches all

around the world.

Richard Evans, who is the head of the Australian Retailers Association, is not pleased about the new law. He doesn’t

believe that the new law will help to (5) ……………… the environment. He believes that most householders already

(6) ……………… their supermarket plastic bags by reusing them for waste disposal. He also suggests the use of special

plastic bags that will (7) ……………… over time.

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Grammar1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, be going to or the Present

Continuous. There may be more than one possible answer.

1. My mother ……………………… (visit) some friends next week.

2. Don’t worry. I ……………………… (help) you.

3. It’s almost 8.00. We ……………………… (be) late for the film.

4. Robert ……………………… (not play) football on Saturday. He broke his leg.

5. I think I ……………………… (buy) it. I really like it.

6. No, you can’t borrow my shirt. I ……………………… (wear) it.

7. They ……………………… (not eat) at home tonight. They are going to go to a restaurant.

2 Read the situation and write a logical sentence. Use the Future Simple, be going to or the Present Continuous.

1. The dog needs to go out soon.

Mary ............................................................................................................

2. Tim borrowed his brother’s favourite jacket.

He said, “Don’t worry. ..................................................................................

3. We have been waiting for them for an hour.

I’m sure .......................................................................................................

4. The sky is dark and filled with clouds.

It ..................................................................................................................

5. I am hungry. Would you like to join me for lunch?

I can’t. I ........................................................................................................


1. By next year, we will be living / will have lived in France.

2. The new store will be opening / will have opened next Tuesday.

3. By the end of the day, they will be finishing / will have finished three research papers.

4. By this time tomorrow, our friends will be arriving / will have arrived.

5. My dad won’t be working / won’t have worked at the same job in ten years’ time.

4 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the Future Continuous or Future Perfect Simple.

1. At this time tomorrow, I ……………………………… (celebrate) my birthday.

2. During the next two months, they ……………………………… (travel) around Australia.

3. On 18th January, he ……………………………… (live) in London for two years.

4. By 2040, someone ……………………………… (discover) a new energy source.

5. The birds ……………………………… (reach) Africa by the time winter starts.

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5 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, be going to, the Future Perfect Simple, the Future Continuous or the Present Continuous. There may be more than one correct answer.

The problem of global warming (1) ……………………… (not disappear) completely, but hopefully the process

(2) ……………………… (slow) down if people take more responsibility. John Gardner from Greenpeace talks to groups of

people. He hopes he (3) ……………………… (convince) them to care more about their environment. This evening, he

(4) ……………………… (give) a talk to a group of zoology students. He (5) ……………………… (focus) on the effect of

global warming on wildlife and he (6) ……………………… (talk) about polar bears, an endangered species. Polar bears

live on ice, and global warming is causing more and more of the ice to melt and disappear. It’s difficult to assess how

many polar bears (7) ……………………… (exist) in the world 50 years from now. Some experts say that by 2050, two

thirds of the world’s polar bears (8) ……………………… (disappear). Others claim the number (9) ………………………

(drop) by 30%. All agree that as the world gets warmer, it (10) ……………………… (become) harder and harder for the

polar bears to survive.

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Unit 5 Vocabulary1 Match the words and expressions in A to their definitions in B.

A B

1. ignore ..... a. change from one language to another

2. complain ..... b. say you’re sorry

3. keep in touch ..... c. first language

4. translate ..... d. ask for something

5. bilingual ..... e. pay no attention

6. mother tongue ..... f. talk or write occasionally

7. apologise ..... g. able to speak two languages

8. request ..... h. say you aren’t happy about something

2 Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in Exercise 1, column A.

1. I promise to ……………………… while I’m abroad.

2. ……………………… to your brother. You hurt him.

3. This food is terrible. We should ……………………… .

4. I’m talking to you. Don’t ……………………… me.

5. I don’t understand French. Could you ……………………… this into English, please?

6. If you can’t do it yourself, you’ll have to ……………………… help.

7. Michael is ……………………… . He speaks English and French.

8. Suzanne was born in Japan, but English is her ……………………… .

3 Complete the collocations with the words below.

sign • official • bad • first

1. Small children shouldn’t watch that film because of all the violence and ……………… language.

2. Although there are many Spanish speakers in the USA, English is the ……………… language.

3. Deaf people use ……………… language to communicate with each other.

4. She speaks eight languages fluently, but French is her ……………… language.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below.

get by • get across • get through • pass on • pick up • cut in • pass down

1. He couldn’t speak Chinese so he ……………… his message ……………… using mime.

2. She has a great ear for languages and managed to ……………………………… a lot of English from

watching television.

3. The recipe is a family secret that ……………………………… from generation to generation.

4. He is able to ……………………………… at work even though he never formally learnt how to use

a computer.

5. I don’t like using open online chat rooms as anyone can suddenly ……………………………… on

your conversation.

6. He finally ……………………………… to the airline after eight tries.

7. In next week’s magazine, Penélope Cruz ……………………………… her top ten beauty tips.

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5 Complete the passage with the words and expressions below.

face-to-face • misunderstand • slang • get across • body language • fluent • foreign

contacts • discussing

When learning a (1) ……………………… language, one of the most difficult ways to communicate is on the telephone.

Why is this? Well, first of all, when someone (2) ……………………… us by telephone, we can’t see him or his

(3) ……………………… . This means we lose a very important clue for understanding, and as a result it is easy to

(4) ……………………… what he is saying. Likewise, without the ability to use facial expressions and hands when we

speak, it is much harder to (5) ……………………… our own message. Therefore, many people avoid

(6) ……………………… anything important on the phone. Another reason why the telephone is challenging is that it’s

often more difficult to hear a speaker on the phone than in (7) ……………………… conversations. In addition, people

often speak more quickly and may use more (8) ……………………… on the telephone, which makes it difficult to

understand if you aren’t (9) ……………………… in a language.

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Grammar1 Choose ALL the correct answers. Then tick the sentences where the relative pronoun can be omitted.

..... 1. I saw the film who / which / that you told me about.

..... 2. We ate at Mike’s café, who / which / that has the best pancakes.

..... 3. The programme who / which / that you are watching is boring.

..... 4. My mother is visiting my grandmother, who / which / that lives in a nursing home.

..... 5. Anyone who / which / that wants to enter the zoo must buy a ticket.

..... 6. Helen bought a new car who / which / that was made in Japan.

..... 7. The student who / which / that you were speaking to was obviously very smart.

2 Complete the sentences with the relative pronouns below.

who • which • where • when • whose

1. Can you tell me the name of the street ……………… Amy lives?

2. Brad Pitt, ……………… is an American actor, has starred in over 35 films.

3. My mother works with a woman ……………… husband is the star of a TV programme.

4. He speaks Italian in addition to Portuguese, ……………… is his first language.

5. I met him last summer ……………… I worked at the summer camp.

3 Write sentences with the words below. Add commas when necessary.

1. he / I / that / love / the gift / gave / me ...........................................................................................................................................

2. cousin / dentist / married / my / is / Dr Jones / a / who...........................................................................................................................................

3. prefers / which / She / are / products / environmentally-friendly ...........................................................................................................................................

4. the man / dog / bit / That / whose / me / is ...........................................................................................................................................

5. year / was / stayed / Grand Hotel / nice / The / where / very / we / last ...........................................................................................................................................

6. when / women / There / vote / a time / couldn’t / was ...........................................................................................................................................

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4 Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun. Make any necessary changes.

1. My neighbour won the gardening prize. His garden is beautiful............................................................................................................................................

2. He misses his house. It was destroyed in the fire............................................................................................................................................

3. Leonid Stadnyk is the tallest man in the world. He lives in the Ukraine............................................................................................................................................

4. He returned to visit the town. He was born there............................................................................................................................................

5. Ana Segon is the company secretary. She is bilingual............................................................................................................................................

6. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It is in the Himalayan mountains............................................................................................................................................

7. He decided to visit London. His friend is studying there............................................................................................................................................

5 Complete the sentences. Add a relative pronoun and a suitable ending.

1. She really likes the teacher ............................................................................................. .

2. They’ve opened a new shop ........................................................................................... .

3. He was born in a town .................................................................................................... .

4. 2000 was the year .......................................................................................................... .

6 Complete the passage with suitable relative pronouns.

Washoe, (1) ……………… was the first non-human to learn to speak a human language, was a chimpanzee. The

language (2) ……………… she learned, was American Sign Language (ASL).

Washoe was born in 1965 in West Africa, (3) ……………… she was captured. She was later taken to the USA for

research. Washoe lived with two scientists, Allen and Beatrice Gardner, (4) ……………… goal was to teach her to

communicate. She was named after Washoe County, Nevada, (5) ……………… the Gardners raised and taught her.

Washoe was using over 250 signs by October 2007, (6) ……………… she died at the age of 42.

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Unit 6 Vocabulary1 Choose the correct answer.

1. It is … to send flowers to friends on their birthdays.

a. tolerant b. appropriate c. liberal

2. Among the places mentioned in our geography book, Antarctica has got the smallest … .

a. stereotype b. cultural events c. population

3. The best way to … a person is by his or her actions.

a. judge b. adapt c. offend

4. In … , everybody has the right to vote for the government.

a. ethnic groups b. democracies c. major religions

5. I’m angry with Bill. His remarks were very … .

a. offensive b. widely spoken c. respectful

2 Complete the passage with the words or expressions below.

rude • offend • unique • ethnic groups • traditional food • diverse • formal • respect

In my work, I travel a lot and often eat out with colleagues who come from (1) ……………………… backgrounds and from

a variety of (2) ……………………… . I am always careful to (3) ……………………… their customs and beliefs. For

example, I’ve learned not to point with chopsticks, or lick them, because it’s (4) ……………………… , and I don’t stick

them upright in rice. It’s supposed to bring bad luck. In order not to (5) ……………………… my hosts, I sometimes

pretend to enjoy unusual foods such as strange sea creatures in China, or sheep’s eyes in the Middle East. At a large

(6) ……………………… dinner in Scotland, I was served haggis, a stuffed sheep’s stomach, which is the

(7) ……………………… of the country. When asked if I liked it, I smiled and said it had a (8) ……………………… flavour.

3 Complete the sentences with the expressions below.

pop culture • multicultural • culture shock • cultural events • cultural taboo

1. We didn’t know that in their country, talking on mobile phones in restaurants is a ……………………… .

2. With people from so many countries living there, the city is ……………………… .

3. When Westerners visit Third World countries, they often experience ……………………… .

4. The Beatles’ music was a big part of the ……………………… of the 1960s.

5. Paul’s job is to organise concerts, plays and other ……………………… .

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conservative • rude • monarchy • appropriate • national holiday • adapt

1. On New Year’s Day, no one works or goes to school.

New Year is a ……………………… .

2. You shouldn’t take babies to elegant restaurants.

Taking a baby to an elegant restaurant isn’t ……………………… .

3. The country has always been ruled by kings and queens.

The country is a ……………………… .

4. Speak and behave politely, please.

Please don’t be ……………………… .

5. It’s impossible to persuade them to accept new ideas.

They are so ……………………… .

6. You’ll have to change your ways to suit your new situation.

You must ……………………… to the situation.

5 Add a suffix (-able, -ible, -ous, -ful, -al, -ive or -ate) to the words to form adjectives. Use a dictionary to help you.

1. effect ……………… 6. use ………………

2. luxury ……………… 7. fashion ………………

3. help ……………… 8. passion ………………

4. sense ……………… 9. experiment ………………

5. wash ……………… 10. adventure ………………

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Grammar1 Choose the correct answer.

1. I can’t / don’t have to / needn’t see without my glasses.

2. There’s school tomorrow, so we could / have to / are able to be home early tonight.

3. It’s cold. I think you can / are able to / ought to take a sweater.

4. We’ll look after you. You needn’t / can’t / may not be afraid.

5. The doctors say Uncle Jeff doesn’t have to / might not / mustn’t work so hard.

2 Match each sentence in A to a continuation in B.

A B

1. You could tidy your room. ..... a. He’s a great player.

2. She can’t have known about the party. ..... b. It’s not on the table.

3. They shouldn’t have left without us. ..... c. She’d already heard.

4. Someone must have taken the letter. ..... d. It wasn’t nice of them.

5. The coach ought to choose Joe for the team. ..... e. It was a big secret.

6. I didn’t have to tell Betty what had happened. ..... f. It would look much nicer.

3 Choose the correct continuation.

1. He must have known we were coming.

a. He prepared a delicious meal. b. He looks so surprised.

2. You shouldn’t have eaten so quickly.

a. You don’t want to be sick. b. You will be sick.

3. They could have bought it.

a. They had enough money. b. They didn’t have enough money.

4. She might have called.

a. I am at home. The phone didn’t ring. b. I wasn’t at home. I don’t know.

5. My parents couldn’t have seen that film.

a. They would have told me. b. They aren’t going out tonight.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct modal perfect form of the word in brackets. There may be more than one possible answer.

1. There isn’t one mistake in this composition. Bill ……………………………… (write) it without help.

2. There’s no water in the dog’s bowl. He ……………………………… (drink) it all.

3. We’ve missed the bus. We ……………………………… (leave) the house earlier.

4. You ……………………………… (tell) me about the sale, but I don’t remember.

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5 Complete the sentences using a modal or modal perfect from A and the correct form of a verb from B.

Acan’t • couldn’t have • should havewon’t have to • may • needn’t have

B snow • call • read • be • bring • do

1. I’m sorry we were out. You ……………………………… to tell us you were coming.

2. Thanks, but you ……………………………… any drinks. We’ve got plenty.

3. Your handwriting is terrible. I ……………………………… it.

4. It’s very cold. It ……………………………… tonight.

5. Everything will be ready tonight. We ……………………………… anything tomorrow.

6. She ……………………………… a model. She wasn’t tall enough.

6 Rewrite the following sentences with a suitable modal or modal perfect. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. She’s famous. Of course they’ve heard of her.

She’s famous. They ............................................................................. .

2. What do you think about inviting the Browns for coffee?

Do you think ........................................................................................ ?

3. His injuries stopped him from working.

He ........................................................................................................ .

4. I’m sorry. It was a mistake not to ask for your permission.

I’m sorry. I ............................................................................................ .

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Unit 7 Vocabulary1 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. Connect the iron to the electricity.

Plug ……………… the iron.

2. Start the mixer.

Turn ……………… the mixer.

3. Lower the sound.

Turn ……………… the sound.

4. Make the music louder.

Turn ……………… the music.

5. Turn off the computer.

Switch ……………… the computer.

6. Start using the system.

Log ……………… the system.

7. There’s no electricity.

The electricity has been cut ……………… .

2 Complete the dialogue in Mrs Lu’s first computer lesson. Use the words below.

crash • websites • insert the disc • user-friendly • computer literate

mouse • virtual reality • click on an icon • virus • go online

Teacher: Are you (1) ……………………… ?

Mrs Lu: No. I’ve never used a computer before.

Teacher: OK, let’s first look at the computer. This is the (2) ……………………… . Use it to move that arrow on the

screen, and (3) ……………………… to open a program.

Mrs Lu: That’s easy. What’s next?

Teacher: I’ve got a (4) ……………………… program for you to start with. Can you see this opening? That’s where

you (5) ……………………… .

Mrs Lu: I’ve seen my grandchildren put in their computer games. They like (6) ……………………… games the best.

I don’t think that’s for me. I want to learn to (7) ………………………. Everyone uses the Internet and talks

about the exciting new (8) ……………………… they find.

Teacher: The most important thing to know about the Internet is to be careful. You could download something with a

(9) ……………………… and before you know it, your whole computer could (10) ……………………… .

Mrs Lu: If that happens, I’ll find a new hobby!

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3 Match A to B to form sentences.

A

1. To get information from the Internet, you use Google or another

2. To find out what’s on a website, you look at its

3. To transfer material to another computer, you can

4. To mark important information in an article,

5. To transfer material from a book to the computer, you need a

B

..... a. scanner.

..... b. search engine.

..... c. highlight parts of the text.

..... d. home page.

..... e. use a USB flash drive.


1. If you like the music, you can log / download it onto a disc.

2. Companies try to protect secret material from browsers / hackers.

3. With a laptop / webcam, you can see who you’re chatting to online.

4. On a journey, a GPS / scanner helps you to find the way.

5. Keep personal information and appointments in your website / Palm Pilot.

5 Complete the passage with the words and expressions below.

hackers • user-friendly • virus • memory • make backup copies

access information • software • switch off

Businesses and organisations try to protect material stored in the (1) ……………………… of their computers.

One thing they do is (2) ……………………… of files in case they get lost. Another is to (3) ………………………

the computer if they hear about a (4) ……………………… that might attack the system. One problem that is hard

to deal with is (5) ……………………… who can get into secret files, even those belonging to national security

organisations. (6) ……………………… called IRS (Intruder Retaliation System) makes it easier to catch these

intruders. Created by Backfire Security Inc, IRS is a (7) ……………………… program. It easily traces the source

address of anyone trying to (8) ……………………… without permission. Interestingly, IRS is based on work done

for the Chinese Space Programme.

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Grammar1 Match A to B to form sentences.

A B

1. If you catch the first train, ..... a. he could listen to music.

2. We won’t cancel the picnic ..... b. if I lost this one.

3. I’d buy a new mobile phone ..... c. if they had webcams.

4. She may agree to help ..... d. you can get here by seven.

5. If he had an MP4, ..... e. unless it rains.

6. They could see each other ..... f. if you ask her.


1. If Fred had the right tools, he … the tap himself.

a. can fix b. fixed c. could fix

2. You might lose the file if you … a copy.

a. don’t make b. won’t make c. didn’t make

3. If I … you, I wouldn’t order the fish.

a. were b. will be c. am

4. We’ll borrow some chairs if we … them.

a. needed b. need c. will need

5. You’ll never succeed unless you … .

a. will try b. don’t try c. try

6. Ron … my phone number if he doesn’t write it down.

a. forgets b. may forget c. would forget

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the correct form of the affirmative or negative third conditional.

have • be • die • hear

1. These plants ……………………………… if you had given them water.

2. If she had wanted to, she ……………………………… a model.

3. The boss would have been angry if he ……………………………… us talking.

4. If I ……………………………… a bad cold, I’d have gone to work.

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4 Choose the correct meaning of each sentence.

1. The team lost the match because they played badly.

a. They could win if they played better.

b. They might have won if they’d played better.

c. If they play better, they can win.

2. Cassie is happy that she passed her driving test.

a. Cassie will be happy if she passes her driving test.

b. If Cassie hadn’t passed her driving test, she wouldn’t be so happy.

c. If Cassie passed her driving test, she’d be very happy.

3. John hopes to finish his homework in time to watch the big game.

a. If John had finished his homework, he would have watched the big game.

b. John couldn’t finish his homework if he watched the big game.

c. John won’t watch the big game unless he finishes his homework.

5 Complete the sentences with the affirmative or negative form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I loved the book. If you ……………………… (recommend) it, I probably ……………………… (read) it.

2. Wake up, Billy. You (miss) breakfast unless you ……………………… (get up) ……………………… now.

3. I’m sorry. Mike isn’t here. If he ……………………… (be) here, he ……………………… (speak) to you.

4. Be careful. If you ……………………… (break) that plate, Mum ……………………… (be) furious.

6 Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentence. Use the words in brackets and the first, second or third conditionals.

1. She has to apologise or I won’t speak to her again. (unless)

I ............................................................................................................ .

2. Shorter hair would make her look more attractive. (had)

If ........................................................................................................... .

3. We’d better hurry, or the pizza bar will be closed. (open)

The pizza bar ....................................................................................... .

4. You aren’t fit because you don’t exercise enough. (more)

Unless .................................................................................................. .

5. Joe had to reset the computer because it crashed. (not)

If ........................................................................................................... .

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Vocabulary Unit 8 1 Match A to B to form expressions.

A B

1. based ..... a. the story of

2. nominated ..... b. on the novel

3. gets ..... c. for an Oscar

4. tells ..... d. the part of

5. played ..... e. rave reviews

2 Complete the sentences with the expressions in Exercise 1.

1. He is an outstanding actor and almost every year he is ……………………………… .

2. If critics think a film is excellent, it ……………………………… .

3. We recognised the story because the film is ……………………………… .

4. Michael Keaton ……………………………… Batman.

5. It ……………………………… his life.

3 Match the words and expressions in A to their meanings in B.

A B

1. screened ..... a. the events in a story

2. plot ..... b. the important people in a film

3. musical ..... c. the actors

4. main characters ..... d. a film or show with singing and dancing

5. subtitles ..... e. shown in cinemas

6. soundtrack ..... f. music from the film

7. cast ..... g. words shown at the bottom of the screen

4 Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences. Use the words below.

science fiction • westerns • predictable • outstanding • hilarious

1. It’s easy to guess how it will end.

The ending is ……………………… .

2. The scene with the waiter made us laugh.

The waiter scene was ……………………… .

3. I love films about cowboys and Indians.

I love ……………………… .

4. It’s one of the best films ever made.

The film is ……………………… .

5. Many people enjoy stories that take place in the future.

Many people like ……………………… .

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5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives.

1. interested / interesting

a. What kind of book are you ……………… in, sir?

b. An ……………… travel book would be nice.

2. amused / amusing

a. Was it an ……………… story?

b. No, it wasn’t. No one was ……………… by it.

3. bored / boring

a. Who said the lecture was ……………… ?

b. Jane. She walked out because she was ……………… .

4. excited / exciting

a. Why are you so ……………… ?

b. I’ve just had the most ……………… news.

5. amazed / amazing

a. What’s so ……………… about the film?

b. I can’t explain, but I know you’ll be ……………… when you see it.

6. thrilled / thrilling

a. Were you ……………… when you won first prize?

b. I was. It’s the most ……………… thing that has ever happened to me.

7. disappointed / disappointing

a. Why did you say your exam result was ……………… ? You got 90.

b. I was hoping for 100, so I was ……………… .


costumes • box-office hit • released • nominated • directs • special effects • star in • review

A DIFFICULT JOB

A great deal of work goes into a film before it is finally (1) ……………………… to the public. When a film is a

(2) ……………………… , it owes its success to many people besides the actors who (3) ……………………… it.

Firstly, there is the person who (4) ……………………… the film and is responsible for everything in it. Then there

are the people who create the amazing (5) ……………………… that make everything seem real, and the people

who design and make the actors’ (6) ……………………… . Critics who (7) ……………………… films look at all

these things. If the film is good, it may be (8) ……………………… for the Oscars and everyone who was involved

in the making of the film feels rewarded.

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Grammar1 Choose the correct answer.

1. All the trees in our street … .

a. cut down b. are cutting down c. are being cut down

2. It’s his first offence, so he … to prison.

a. won’t be sent b. won’t send c. isn’t sending

3. Our friends invited us for dinner and they … a delicious meal.

a. were served b. served c. were being served

4. The actress had an accident while the last scene … .

a. was being filmed b. was filming c. filmed

5. So far, researchers … a cure for the disease.

a. haven’t been found b. weren’t found c. haven’t found

6. I’m sorry, sir. Dogs … in this shop.

a. not allowed b. aren’t allowed c. don’t allow

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.

1. Does the school know that you’re leaving?

Yes. The headmaster ……………… already ……………………… (inform).

2. Why didn’t Joe come to the party?

He ……………………………… (not invite).

3. When will you pay me?

You ……………………………… (pay) tomorrow.

4. How often do they clean the offices?

The offices ……………………………… (clean) every day.

5. Why isn’t Billy playing outside with the other children?

He ……………………………… (punish) for fighting.

6. When must I pay the bill?

The bill ……………………………… (must pay) by the end of the month.

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the passive.

make • repair • hold • injure

1. She was reading the newspaper while her car ……………………………… .

2. Several people ……………………………… in the fire.

3. At the moment, plans ……………………………… to open a new gym.

4. A press conference ……………………………… after the meeting tomorrow.

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4 Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences.

1. They’ll sell all the tickets before we get there.

All the tickets .................................................................................. .

2. The decorations were being taken down when we arrived.

When we arrived, he ....................................................................... .

3. The country is electing a new government.

A new government .......................................................................... .

4. You make this cake with butter and a lot of eggs.

This cake ........................................................................................ .

5. Look! They’ve replaced the old lights.

Look! The old lights ........................................................................ .

5 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the causative.

arrange • paint • check • make • translate

1. Since I was a child, I ……………… my teeth ……………… every six months.

2. Look! The neighbours ……………… their front door ……………… red.

3. A year after she wrote the book, she ……………… it ……………… into French.

4. Jim never buys suits. He ……………… them ……………… for him.

5. Next time we go abroad, we ……………… our trip ……………… by a travel agent.

6 Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.

Filmstars’ lifestyles affect their children. One example is that when films (1) ……………………………… (make),

filmstars often move to different locations. Their children (2) ……………………………… (send) to new schools

and have to make new friends. When Meryl Streep’s son Henry (3) ……………………………… (enrol) in yet

another school, he complained bitterly. Meryl realised her children (4) ……………………………… (affect) by the

constant moves. As a result, she kept the family in one place for the next 20 years. Another example is unwanted

publicity. If a filmstar (5) ……………………………… (catch) by the paparazzi doing something stupid or

embarrassing, you can be sure it will appear on TV and (6) ……………………………… almost

certainly ……………………………… (see) by the star’s children. On several occasions, the media

(7) ……………………………… (attack) for not being more sensitive to the children of celebrities.

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Unit 9 Vocabulary1 Complete the sentences with the words below.

give • present • broadcast • cover • report • hold

1. The owner of the jewellery shop called the police to ……………… a theft.

2. A famous scientist is going to ……………… a TV programme on genetics.

3. The young reporter hopes the film star will ……………… him an interview.

4. The local newspaper will ……………… the story of the town elections.

5. The Academy Awards ceremony is always ……………… worldwide.

6. The president of the company refuses to ……………… a conversation with anyone who

doesn’t make an appointment.

2 In which section of the newspaper would you find an article about each of the topics below?

cheap holidays abroad • the possibility of rain • what the famous are wearing

the best shows in town • large companies’ profits

1. fashion ………………………………………

2. travel ………………………………………

3. weather ………………………………………

4. business ………………………………………

5. entertainment ………………………………………

3 Match A to B to form expressions.

A B

1. press ..... a. of the press

2. front ..... b. ads

3. freedom ..... c. conference

4. classified ..... d. affairs

5. current ..... e. page

4 Complete the sentences with the expressions in Exercise 3. Use each expressiononly once.

1. The Secretary of Defence gave a ……………………… after meeting with foreign leaders.

2. Programmes about ……………………………………… discuss the latest political events.

3. Find out about houses for sale in the ……………………………………… section.

4. Newspapers cannot criticise the government unless there is ……………………………………… .

5. The most important news is on the ……………………………………… of the newspaper.

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5 Answer the questions with the words and expressions below.

local newspaper • editorials • journalist • headlines • horoscopes • newsflash

1. Who sometimes travels the world to collect news?

a ………………………………

2. What may interrupt TV programmes?

a ………………………………

3. Where are there comments on major news stories?

in ………………………………

4. What is written in large letters?

the ………………………………

5. Where do you find predictions for the future?

in ………………………………

6. Where do you find reports on school football matches?

in the ………………………………

6 Complete the sentences by adding a suffix (-er, -or, -ment or -tion) to the verbs in brackets. Use your dictionary to help you.

1. Dr Long presented a report on the (develop) of a new drug for cancer.

2. Leonard Bernstein was a very well-known (conduct).

3. My best friend’s father is a (bank).

4. The local art museum has an (exhibit) of paintings by Claude Monet.

7 Complete the sentences with the words and expressions below.

give • current affairs • articles • reported • broadcast • media • event • press conference

Can newspapers survive the competition from other forms of (1) ……………………………… ? Four hundred

years ago, when the first newspaper (2) ……………………………… the news to the public, there was no

competition. The public relied on newspapers to learn about news and (3) ……………………………… . Now,

radio, TV and the Internet also (4) ……………………………… the public that information. When world leaders

hold a (5) ……………………………… , radio and TV can (6) ……………………………… live from the scene.

They can cover the (7) ……………………………… while it is actually happening. Yet, surprisingly, many people

still like to relax with a newspaper and enjoy the editorials, letters to the editor and interesting

(8) ……………………………… .

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Grammar1 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1. “I ate too much at the party yesterday,” Jane said.

Jane said that ............................................................................................................ .

2. “We are working on a new project now,” they said.

They said that ............................................................................................................ .

3. Megan and Sophie said, “Last year we went to Italy.”

Megan and Sophie said that ...................................................................................... .

4. “I’ll take you to the cinema tomorrow,” Dad said.

Dad said that ............................................................................................................. .

5. “You can’t park your car here,” said the policeman.

The policeman told us that ........................................................................................ .

2 Rewrite the questions in reported speech.

1. “Can I leave early?” Betsy asked the teacher.................................................................................................................

2. “When will dinner be ready?” Nancy asked her mum.................................................................................................................

3. “Why didn’t Jack come to school today?” I wondered.................................................................................................................

4. “Have you ever been abroad?” John enquired.................................................................................................................

3 Choose the correct reporting verb.

1. The police said / explained / ordered everyone to stand further back.

2. Our hostess invited / asked / suggested that we sit down.

3. The hotel admitted / advised / wanted to know when we would arrive.

4. Bill’s wife wondered / complained / argued if he had bought a paper.

5. Kate told / enquired / promised not to be late for the meeting.

4 Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Joe reminded me ……………………… (call) him.

2. Ben warned everyone ……………………… (not ask) Billy about the accident.

3. Gary’s girlfriend suggested that they ……………………… (go) by train.

4. The vet advised Tom ……………………… (take) his dog out more often.

5. Fran recommended that we ……………………… (stay) at the Grand Beach Hotel.

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5 Read the conversation and answer the questions in complete sentences. Use reported speech.

Eddie: Hi Jake, are you going to visit Guy on Friday?

Jake: I won’t be able to go on Friday. I have to help my dad. But don’t worry. I’ll visit him soon.

Eddie: OK. By the way, the hospital is very strict about visiting hours. Don’t try to visit after these hours.

Jake: Thanks for the warning.

1. What did Eddie ask Jake?................................................................................................................

2. What was Jake’s reply? ................................................................................................................

3. What explanation did he give?................................................................................................................

4. What did he promise? ................................................................................................................

5. What did Eddie tell Jake about the hospital?................................................................................................................

6. What warning did he give Jake?................................................................................................................

6 Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs below. Use each verb only once.

ordered • suggested • advised • announced • wanted to know

1. “I’m going to cut the grass after lunch,” said Bill to Annie.

Bill ............................................................................................................................................

2. “Let’s look at the classified ads,” said Sue’s husband.

Sue’s husband .........................................................................................................................

3. “Why didn’t you warn me about the dog?” I asked the farmer.

I ................................................................................................................................................

4. “Leave my house at once,” the man shouted at the reporters.

The man ..................................................................................................................................

5. “You should apply to more than one university,” said Jill to her friend.

Jill ............................................................................................................................................

More Practice 1

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Vocabulary

1 1. hard-working 3. considerate 5. independent2. well-built 4. immature

2 1. gorgeous 3. straight2. cheerful 4. mature

3 1. arrogant 3. curly 5. stubborn2. shy 4. polite

4 un-: unfriendly, unsuccessful, unattractive, unreliable, unsociabledis-: disorganised, dishonestin-: independent, inconsiderateim-: impolite, impatient, immature

5 1. successful 5. impolite2. unsociable 6. dishonest3. unattractive 7. moody4. organised 8. patient

6 1. blonde 4. reliable2. unattractive 5. inconsiderate3. hard-working 6. dishonest

Grammar

1 1. My grandmother is coming to visit us next week.2. It never snows in the desert in the summer.3. They often go to the beach at the weekend.4. I feel much better now.5. My father doesn’t usually work on Saturdays.

2 1. isn’t playing 4. doesn’t … cook, eat, go2. Do … like 5. isn’t … singing, doesn’t remember3. Are … coming

3 1. is raining 4. am not going2. drink 5. are sleeping3. doesn’t drive 6. watches

4 1. are looking 6. find2. are trying 7. doesn’t think3. believes 8. is collecting4. aren’t 9. wants5. explains

5 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

6 1. The sun always rises in the east.2. She is packing her suitcase right now.3. Do you understand the problem now?4. Why is Michael behaving that way today?5. When do they usually go to sleep?6. The children don’t play football on Sundays.7. Sara isn’t planning to join us this weekend.

More Practice 2Vocabulary

1 1. e 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. d

2 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. c

3 1. set up 3. take off 5. get to2. set off 4. check in

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4 1. Jane 3. Annette2. Peter 4. Jeremy

5 1. hiking boots 3. tent2. sleeping bags 4. sunscreen

6 1. travel arrangements 6. set off2. boat trip 7. camera3. snorkel 8. take photos4. wetsuits 9. travel expenses5. sightseeing trip

Grammar

1 1. broke, was skiing 4. weren’t sleeping, returned2. was flying, failed 5. was visiting, was eating3. was watching, broke

2 1. 9th graders 4. 9th graders2. 7th graders 5. 8th graders3. 10th graders 6. 7th graders

3 1. were painting 3. had swum, had2. went hiking 4. played, had gone hiking

4 1. The 10th graders had swum in the lake before they had lunch.2. After the 9th graders had had lunch, they watched a movie.3. The 8th graders had gone hiking in the forest before the 7th graders got up.4. The 10th graders went hiking in the forest for two hours after they had had breakfast.

5 1. got 7. broke2. was driving 8. was travelling3. had arrived 9. happened4. didn’t speak 10. hadn’t been / weren’t5. became watching watching6. had knocked 11. had been / were using


1 1. goal 3. court 5. skating2. ropes 4. fishing

2 1. c 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. f 6. d

3 1. dedicated 4. draw 7. challenge2. talented 5. court 8. racquet3. play 6. go

4 1. determined 4. train 7. record2. take up 5. beat 8. talented3. competitions 6. win

5 1. enter the competition 4. keep fit2. break a record 5. win the match3. scored a goal

6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

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Grammar

1 1. has worn 3. have played 5. has rung2. has broken 4. has run 6. has slept

2 1. never 3. for 5. since2. yet 4. just 6. ever

3 1. won 5. haven’t heard2. did you return 6. Have you seen3. has known 7. went4. didn’t sleep 8. have never eaten

4 1. haven’t found 4. didn’t drink2. finished 5. have never eaten3. Have … seen 6. Did … do

5 1. has been 6. have become2. has never stopped 7. opened3. taught 8. asked4. went 9. has already helped5. learnt / learned 10. listened

6 1. My father hasn’t driven a car since 2004.2. She has stopped eating sweets for two months. / She hasn’t eaten sweets for two months.3. I (last) bought a new jacket two years ago. / The last time I bought a new jacket was two years ago.


1 1. g 2. f 3. e 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. d

2 1. e 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. f 6. d

3 1. Toxic, chemicals2. increase, global warming3. spills, pollution4. harmed, fumes5. care about, environmentally-friendly

4 1. under 3. over 5. multi-2. anti- 4. re 6. inter

5 1. multi-storey 4. anti-social2. underdeveloped 5. international3. overworked 6. reselling

6 1. environment 4. destroy 7. decompose2. pollution 5. save3. landfills 6. recycle

Grammar

1 1. is visiting / is going to visit2. will help3. will be4. isn’t playing / isn’t going to play5. will buy6. am going to wear7. aren’t eating / aren’t going to eat

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2 Possible answers:1. is going to take the dog out soon.2. I won’t get it dirty. / I will return it.”3. they’ll arrive soon.4. is going to rain.5. am going to the dentist.

3 1. will be living 4. will have arrived2. will be opening 5. won’t be working3. will have finished

4 1. will be celebrating 4. will have discovered2. will be travelling 5. will have reached3. will have lived

5 1. won’t disappear 2. will slow3. will convince4. will be giving / is going to give / is giving5. will be focusing / is going to focus / is focusing6. will be talking / is going to talk / is talking7. will exist8. will have disappeared9. will have dropped

10. will become / is becoming


1 1. e 2. h 3. f 4. a 5. g 6. c 7. b 8. d

2 1. keep in touch 5. translate2. Apologise 6. request3. complain 7. bilingual4. ignore 8. mother tongue

3 1. bad 3. sign2. official 4. first

4 1. got … across2. pick up3. has been / was / is passed down4. get by5. cut in6. got through7. will pass on

5 1. foreign 4. misunderstand 7. face-to-face2. contacts 5. get … across 8. slang3. body language 6. discussing 9. fluent

Grammar

1 1. which, that 4. who 7. who, that2. which 5. who, that3. which, that 6. which, thatSentences: 1, 3, 7

2 1. where 3. whose 5. when2. who 4. which

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3 1. I love the gift that he gave me.2. Dr Jones, who my cousin married, is a dentist. /

Dr Jones, who married my cousin, is a dentist. / Dr Jones is a dentist who married my cousin.

3. She prefers products which are environmentally-friendly.4. That is the man whose dog bit me.5. The Grand Hotel, where we stayed last year, was very nice.6. There was a time when women couldn’t vote.

4 1. My neighbour, whose garden is beautiful, won the gardening prize.2. He misses his house, which was destroyed in the fire.3. Leonid Stadnyk, who lives in the Ukraine, is the tallest man in the world. / Leonid Stadnyk, who is the tallest man in the

world, lives in the Ukraine.4. He returned to visit the town where he was born.5. Ana Segon, who is bilingual, is the company secretary. / Ana Segon, who is the company secretary, is bilingual.6. Mount Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world, is in the Himalayan mountains. / Mount Everest, which is in the

Himalayan mountains, is the highest mountain in the world.7. He decided to visit London, where his friend is studying.

5 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.1. who / that … 3. where / which / that …2. that / which / where … 4. when …

6 1. who 3. where 5. where2. which / that 4. whose 6. when


1 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. a

2 1. diverse 5. offend2. ethnic groups 6. formal3. respect 7. traditional food4. rude 8. unique

3 1. cultural taboo 4. pop culture2. multicultural 5. cultural events3. culture shock

4 1. national holiday 4. rude2. appropriate 5. conservative3. monarchy 6. adapt

5 1. effective 6. useful2. luxurious 7. fashionable3. helpful 8. passionate4. sensible 9. experimental5. washable 10. adventurous

Grammar

1 1. can’t 4. needn’t2. have to 5. mustn’t3. ought to

2 1. f 2. e 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. c

3 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a

4 1. couldn’t have written2. could / may / must have drunk3. should have left4. may / might have told

5 1. should have called 4. may snow2. needn’t have brought 5. won’t have to do

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3. can’t read 6. couldn’t have been

6 1. must have heard of her2. we should / ought to invite the Browns for coffee3. was able to work until his injuries stopped him / couldn’t work because of his injuries4. should have asked for your permission


1 1. in 3. down 5. off 7. off2. on 4. up 6. into

2 1. computer literate 6. virtual reality2. mouse 7. go online3. click on an icon 8. websites4. user-friendly 9. virus5. insert the disc 10. crash

3 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. c 5. a

4 1. download 4. GPS2. hackers 5. Palm Pilot3. webcam

5 1. memory 5. hackers2. make backup copies 6. Software3. switch off 7. user-friendly4. virus 8. access information

Grammar

1 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. f 5. a 6. c

2 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. b

3 1. wouldn’t have died2. would have been / could have been3. had heard4. hadn’t had

4 1. b 2. b 3. c

5 1. hadn’t recommended, wouldn’t have read2. will miss, get up3. were, would speak4. break, will be

6 1. won’t speak to her again unless she apologises2. she had shorter hair, she would look more attractive3. won’t be open unless we hurry / will be open if we hurry4. you exercise more, you won’t be fit5. the computer hadn’t crashed, Joe wouldn’t have had to reset it


1 1. b 2. c 3. e 4. a 5. d

2 1. nominated for an Oscar 4. played the part of2. gets rave reviews 5. tells the story of3. based on the novel

3 1. e 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. g 6. f 7. c

4 1. predictable 4. outstanding2. hilarious 5. science fiction3. westerns

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5 1. interested, interesting 5. amazing, amazed2. amusing, amused 6. thrilled, thrilling3. boring, bored 7. disappointing,

disappointed4. excited, exciting

6 1. released 5. special effects2. box-office hit 6. costumes3. star in 7. review4. directs 8. nominated

Grammar

1 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b

2 1. has … been informed 4. are cleaned2. wasn’t invited 5. is being punished3. will be paid 6. must be paid

3 1. was being repaired 3. are being made2. were injured 4. is going to be held

4 1. will be sold before we get there2. was taking down the decorations 3. is being elected (by the country)4. is made with butter and a lot of eggs5. have been replaced

5 1. have had / have got … checked2. are having … painted / have had … painted3. had / got … translated4. has / gets … made5. will have / will get ... arranged

6 1. are being made2. are sent3. was enrolled 4. were being affected5. is caught6. will … be seen7. has / have been attacked


1 1. report 4. cover2. present 5. broadcast3. give 6. hold

2 1. what the famous are wearing2. cheap holidays abroad3. the possibility of rain4. large companies’ profits5. the best shows in town

3 1. c 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. d

4 1. press conference 4. freedom of the press2. current affairs 5. front page3. classified ads

5 1. journalist 4. headlines2. newsflash 5. horoscopes3. editorials 6. local newspaper

6 1. development 3. banker2. conductor 4. exhibition

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7 1. media 5. press conference2. reported 6. broadcast3. current affairs 7. event4. give 8. articles

Grammar

1 1. she had eaten too much at the party the previous day / the day before2. they were working on a new project then3. they had gone to Italy the previous year4. he would take me to the cinema the next / following day / the day after5. we couldn’t park our car there

2 1. Betsy asked the teacher if she could leave early.2. Nancy asked her mum when dinner would be ready.3. I wondered why Jack hadn’t come to school that day.4. John enquired if / whether I had ever been abroad.

3 1. ordered 3. wanted to know 5. promised2. suggested 4. wondered

4 1. to call 3. go 5. stay2. not to ask 4. to take

5 Possible answers:1. He asked him if / whether he was going to visit Guy on Friday.2. He replied that he wouldn’t be able to go.3. He explained that he had to help his dad.4. He promised that he would visit him soon.5. He told him that the hospital was very strict about visiting hours.6. He warned him not to try to visit after those hours.

6 1. announced to Annie that he was going to cut the grass after lunch2. suggested looking / that they look at the classified ads3. wanted to know why the farmer hadn’t warned me about the dog4. ordered the reporters to leave his house at once5. advised her friend to apply to more than one university

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Documents

Bridges 1 . More Practice. Grammar and Vocabulary