34
Bridge Aesthetics Sourcebook Bridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    21

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Page 2: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

• Prepared by the TRB Subcommitteeon Bridge Aesthetics, AFF10(2) at therequest of TRB General StructuresCommittee, AFF10, Harry Capers,Chair, Final Draft – March, 2009

• Recommended for Publication by theTRB General Structures Committee– January, 2010

• Presented for Endorsement by theAASHTO Subcommittee on Bridgesand Structures – May 2010,

Sacramento, CA

• www.bridgeaesthetics.org/

• Prepared by the TRB Subcommitteeon Bridge Aesthetics, AFF10(2) at therequest of TRB General StructuresCommittee, AFF10, Harry Capers,Chair, Final Draft – March, 2009

• Recommended for Publication by theTRB General Structures Committee– January, 2010

• Presented for Endorsement by theAASHTO Subcommittee on Bridgesand Structures – May 2010,

Sacramento, CA

• www.bridgeaesthetics.org/

Page 3: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Our GoalOur Goal

• As of 2008 there were 601,470 bridges in theNational Bridge Inventory (NBI).

• Of these, approximately 98% or 590,000 havespans < 300 feet.

• Our goal is to address these “Workhorse” bridges

• As of 2008 there were 601,470 bridges in theNational Bridge Inventory (NBI).

• Of these, approximately 98% or 590,000 havespans < 300 feet.

• Our goal is to address these “Workhorse” bridges

Page 4: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

“Ugliness is not consciously designed into aproject. It creeps in when decisions are

made without considering visualconsequences.”

Public Agency Official

“Ugliness is not consciously designed into aproject. It creeps in when decisions are

made without considering visualconsequences.”

Public Agency Official

Fact of LifeFact of Life

Page 5: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Our Design PhilosophyOur Design Philosophy

Aesthetics shouldn’t be:

• An afterthought

• Dismissed as an inconvenience

• Intimidating

Aesthetics should be:

• Integral to the design of our bridges

• Determined through a collaborative processwith all relevant stakeholders

“Efficiency, economy and elegance, all consideredequally”

David Billington

Aesthetics shouldn’t be:

• An afterthought

• Dismissed as an inconvenience

• Intimidating

Aesthetics should be:

• Integral to the design of our bridges

• Determined through a collaborative processwith all relevant stakeholders

“Efficiency, economy and elegance, all consideredequally”

David Billington

Page 6: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Page 7: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Page 8: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Page 9: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Page 10: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

The Ten Determinants of AppearanceThe Ten Determinants of Appearance

1. Horizontal and Vertical Geometry

2. Superstructure Type

3. Pier / Support Placement / SpanArrangement

4. Abutment Placement and Height

5. Superstructure Shape

6. Pier Shape

7. Abutment Shape

8. Color

9. Texture, Ornamentation and Details

10. Lighting, Signing and Landscaping

Page 11: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry#1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry

• Bridge geometry is often very complex.

• Few bridges– Are located on straight alignments

– Have flat horizontal deck surfaces

– Have supports oriented at right angles to the superstructure

– Have constant cross section widths

– Are located on a flat site

Page 12: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry#1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry

• Multiple variations in structure geometry may result invisually unappealing bridges

Variable decksuperelevation

Reverse deckhorizontal curvature

Skewed supports

Variable deck width

Vertical curvature

Page 13: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#2 Superstructure Type#2 Superstructure Type

• Rigid frames and slant leg frames can creategateways and portals

http://www.hpcbridgeviews.com/images/colorado-RichmondHill.jpg

Page 14: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#2 Superstructure Type#2 Superstructure Type• Combining multiple superstructure types can result in

visual discord and a lack of integrity

Combination of cast in place concrete, steel and precastconcrete superstructures on one elevated interchange

Page 15: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#3 Pier and Span Arrangement#3 Pier and Span Arrangement

• Structure depths are proportional to spans

• Shorter spans have thinner superstructures with thevisual emphasis on the substructure

Shallow structure depth relative to height above graderesults in slender superstructure appearance

Page 16: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#3 Pier and Span Arrangement#3 Pier and Span Arrangement

• Longer girder spans have deeper superstructures,which become dominant visual features

Deep structure relative to height above graderesults in a massive superstructure appearance

Page 17: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#6 Pier Shape#6 Pier Shape

• Single column hammerhead piers provide for visualtransparency on narrow bridges

Post tensioned pier caps result in reducedcap dimensions and slender appearance

Page 18: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#6 Pier Shape#6 Pier Shape• Combining pier types and shapes results in visual

discord

Page 19: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

#7 Abutment Shape#7 Abutment Shape

• Short abutments combined with terracing andlandscaping visually soften the connection between abridge and its site

Page 20: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

• Is relatively inexpensive

• Is subjective

• Is much more complex than mostpeople realize

ColorColor

Page 21: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

• Reflecting local culture

Color OptionsColor Options

Page 22: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

TextureTexture

• Material selection can add both textureand color to the bridge.

Page 23: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

LightingLighting

• Practical Considerations

– Maintenance

– Lamping and Energy

– Physical Constraints

– Color Rendering

– Wildlife Concerns

– Light Pollution

Page 24: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

LightingLighting –– Aesthetic ConsiderationsAesthetic Considerations

• Color rendering – HPS and MH

Page 25: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Background InformationBackground Information

Page 26: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Background InformationBackground Information

1. Fundamentals (Aesthetics 101)

2. Achieving Context Sensitive Designs

3. Community and Stakeholder Involvement

4. Practical Tips for Historic Bridges and Settings

5. Working with Architects, Landscape Architects and Artists

6. Aesthetics and Cost

Page 27: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Page 28: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics WorkshopBridge Aesthetics WorkshopPractical Ideas for Short andPractical Ideas for Short and

Medium Span BridgesMedium Span Bridges

Eric Yermack, P.E.Manager, Structural Engineering

Center For Advanced Information ProcessingApril 28, 2010Piscataway, New Jersey

Page 29: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Tour ScheduleTour Schedule

• Past Workshops

IBC – June 2009, Pittsburgh, PA

TRB – January 2010, Washington, D.C.

Rutgers – April 2010, Piscataway, NJ

PENNDOT – April 2010, Harrisburg, PA

• Upcoming Workshops

IBC – June 2010, Pittsburgh, PA

TRB – January 2011, Washington, D.C.

Page 30: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Workshop AgendaWorkshop Agenda

• Introduction

• Economy, Efficiency and Elegance

• Sourcebook Design Guidelines

• Break

• Color, Texture, and Lighting

• Historic Considerations

• Design Context

• Lunch

• Design Exercise

• Break

• Closing Remarks

Page 31: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Design ExerciseDesign Exercise

Design Groups at Work

Page 32: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook
Page 33: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook
Page 34: Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebooksp.bridges.transportation.org/Documents/2010 SCOBS presentations… · Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook

Bridge Aesthetics SourcebookBridge Aesthetics Sourcebook