BRICS: The World's New Banker?
Some of the worlds most dynamic economies are considering the
creation of their own development bank and bailout fund.
By Rajeev Sharma
November 27, 2012
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The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) bloc
has begun planning its own
development bank and a new bailout fund which would be created
by pooling together an
estimated $240 billion in foreign exchange reserves, according
to diplomatic sources. To get
a sense of how significant the proposed fund would be, the fund
would be larger than the
combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of about 150 countries,
according to Russia and
India Report.
Many believe the BRICS countries are interested in creating
these institutions because they
are increasingly dissatisfied by Western dominated institutions
like the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF). For example, although the
European debt crisis has
allowed BRICS countries to push for more influence at the IMF,
they currently only hold
about a combined 11% of the Funds voting shares. By way of
comparison, the U.S. holds a 16.75% voting share, allowing it to
veto any major decision, which require an 85%
supermajority, while the United Kingdom and France both have
larger voting shares than any
of the BRIC countries singularly.
The new institutions were first discussed in March during the
4th BRICS summit in New
Delhi. A subsequent special working group was set up by the
BRICS in June to hash out the
details. If all goes to plan, the proposed development bank and
bailout mechanism will be
formally established at the 5th BRICS summit in Durban, South
Africa in March 2013.
In setting up the development bank, the BRICS would be mounting
a challenge to global
institutions like the World Bank and the European Bank for
Reconstruction and
Development, which attach political conditions to the
low-interest loans they disburse to
developing countries. In contrast, the BRICS development bank is
expected to offer non-
conditional loans at a higher interest rate. At the same time,
it has been suggested that the
BRICS bank could augment the World Bank by funding projects in
industries that the World
Bank does not, such as biofuels, large dams and nuclear power
plants, which dont meet the World Banks environmental
standards.
The proposed bailout mechanism, on the other hand, could act as
an alternative to global
financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund. If
so, the bailout fund could also
significantly enhance the BRICS countries international stature
and influence. At the same
time, this bloc is reportedly considering linking the bailout
fund partially or in whole to the
IMF or another Bretton Woods institution, much as ASEAN+3
decided to do in establishing
the Chiang Mai Initiative, a similar pooled fund designed to
inject liquidity into markets and
minimize the impact of external shocks. Earlier this year the
Chiang Mai Initiative boosted
the size of its fund to $240 billion, the same amount as the
BRICS are said to be considering.
One potential stumbling block the BRICS face is deciding what
currency(s) to use for the
mutual fund and development bank. For a while now, China has
been pushing for its
currency, the yuan, to be added to the Special Drawing Rights
(SDR), which is the IMFs international reserve asset based on a
basket of currencies. China is likely to view the BRICS
institutions as an avenue in which to boost the international
statue of its currency.
Accordingly, it is likely to advocate including the yuan as one
of the currencies the proposed
institutions will use. The other member states, however, are
similarly likely to resist Chinese
pressure in this area, and instead push for using the U.S.
dollar or the IMFs SDR, which includes the euro, Japanese yen,
British pound sterling, and the U.S. dollar.
