Brickwork 2009 [Compatibility Mode]

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    TheHongKong

    Polytechn

    icUniversity

    Indu

    strialCenter

    Building&

    Construc

    tionUnit

    Brickw

    orkWorksh

    op

    SLYeung

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    WorkshopPractices

    ThisW

    orkshopa

    imsatdeve

    lopingtrain

    ees

    knowledgeofpra

    cticalskillinmasonry

    work.

    Onsuccessfulcomple

    tionofthis

    wors

    op,suensw

    ae

    ounersan

    thees

    senceofvariousmasonry

    constructioninth

    econstructionindustry.

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    Contentscoveredinthe

    workshop

    Bric

    kwork

    an

    dBloc

    kwor

    ktobe

    inacco

    rdancew

    ith

    BS5628-3:2

    0012005

    1.B

    ric

    kan

    dconcre

    teblo

    cklay

    ing.

    .

    .

    3.C

    erm

    ic

    Tiling.

    4.M

    osaic

    Tiling

    5.W

    alldefec

    tan

    dwa

    ter

    seepagemain

    tenanceappro

    ac

    hes.

    6.P

    av

    ingbloc

    k

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    Introduction

    Differen

    tto

    olsformasonrywork:

    Bric

    ktrow

    elan

    dbric

    kkn

    ife

    Plas

    tering

    trowe

    l,wood

    floa

    t&s

    tra

    ight

    edge

    ,

    Laserset

    tingou

    tequ

    ipm

    en

    t

    Measure

    tapean

    dinkbox

    Mixer

    Buc

    ke

    t

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    Part1:

    Bricklaying

    Masonryma

    teria

    lcommon

    lyuse

    dinHong

    Ko

    ng

    for

    Non-S

    tructura

    lwa

    ll

    constru

    ction.

    Allthe

    sizes

    hou

    ldcomply

    withBSEN771-1

    1)

    Commo

    nbric

    k(Re

    dbric

    k/clay

    bric

    k)

    Size:22

    5x

    112

    .5x

    75mm

    2)

    Concre

    tebloc

    k(So

    lidor

    Hollow

    )

    Size:2

    15

    x102x

    65~

    390x

    100x190mm

    3)

    YTONG

    lightwe

    ightConcre

    te

    bloc

    k

    Size:6

    00x

    100x

    200mm

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    Properties

    Accord

    ingto

    the

    Genera

    lspecif

    ica

    tion

    for

    bu

    ilding2

    007Edition-A

    SD,t

    he

    bric

    ks

    tohav

    ethe

    follow

    ingprop

    ert

    ies:

    Fac

    ing

    bricks:

    1.

    Theaveragecompress

    ivestreng

    thmus

    texceed

    20

    .7MPa

    2.

    Sa

    tura

    tioncoe

    fficien

    tdono

    texcee

    d0

    .78

    3.

    The

    face

    sha

    llbe

    freeo

    fcrac

    ksor

    imperfec

    tionw

    henv

    iewe

    dfrom

    6m.

    Concre

    tebric

    ksan

    dbloc

    ks:

    1.

    Comp

    lyw

    ithBS6073

    .

    2.

    Average

    crus

    hings

    treng

    tho

    fran

    domse

    lec

    tedsamp

    leo

    f10bricks

    do

    no

    tlesst

    han

    7MPa

    Concre

    teHo

    llow

    bloc

    k:

    1.

    Average

    crus

    hings

    treng

    tho

    fran

    domse

    lec

    tedsamp

    leo

    f10bricks

    do

    no

    tlesst

    han

    5MPa

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    Tra

    ditiona

    lstru

    ctura

    lan

    dpat

    tern

    bon

    ds:

    1.E

    ng

    lish

    Bon

    d(One

    brickwa

    ll)

    2.F

    lem

    ish

    Bon

    d(One

    brickwa

    ll)

    .

    Typeo

    fmortarG

    enera

    luse

    in

    Hong

    Kong:

    Cemen

    tMortar

    (ceme

    nt+san

    d+wa

    ter)

    Cemen

    tMortar

    (ceme

    nt+san

    d+wa

    ter)

    Propor

    tion=

    Propor

    tion=

    1:3

    1:3

    (cem

    en

    t:san

    d)

    (cem

    en

    t:san

    d)

    Wa

    tercemen

    tra

    tio(W

    /C)=

    0.5

    Wa

    tercemen

    tra

    tio(W

    /C)=

    0.5

    --0.70.7

    Mortarbe

    dding

    for

    brick

    wa

    lls

    hou

    ldbe

    abou

    t

    Mortarbe

    dding

    for

    brick

    wa

    lls

    hou

    ldbe

    abou

    t10mm

    10mm

    thick

    thick

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    Streng

    thofMo

    rtar

    Extrac

    ted

    from

    Genera

    lspec

    ificat

    ion

    for

    bu

    ilding

    2007Edition-A

    SD

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    StretcherBo

    nd

    StretcherBo

    nd

    Originallyusedfor

    Originallyusedforsinglebrick

    walls

    singlebrick

    walls,,

    nowcalled1/2brickwallsitbe

    camethe

    nowcalled1/2brickwallsitbe

    camethe

    obviouschoiceforcavitywalls

    as

    obviouschoiceforcavitywalls

    as

    lesscuttingw

    asrequired.

    lesscuttingw

    asrequired.

    FlemishBon

    d

    FlemishBon

    d

    Alternatebric

    ksareplacedas

    headerand

    Alternatebric

    ksareplacedas

    headerand

    stretcherine

    verycourse

    stretcherine

    verycourse..

    Eachheaderis

    Eachheaderis

    lacedcentra

    llb

    etweenthes

    tretcher

    lacedcentra

    llb

    etweenthes

    tretcher

    immediatelyaboveandbelow.

    Thisisnot

    immediatelyaboveandbelow.

    Thisisnot

    asstrongastheEnglishbond

    at1brickthick

    asstrongastheEnglishbond

    at1brickthick

    EnglishBon

    d

    EnglishBon

    d

    Alternativecoursesofheaders

    Alternativecoursesofheaders

    andstretchers

    andstretchers;oneheaderpla

    cedcentrally

    ;oneheaderpla

    cedcentrally

    aboveeachs

    tretcher.Thisisa

    verystrong

    aboveeachs

    tretcher.Thisisa

    verystrong

    bondwhenth

    ewallis1brickthick(orthicker)

    bondwhenth

    ewallis1brickthick(orthicker)

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    StretcherBond

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    Flem

    ishBon

    d

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    Eng

    lishBon

    d

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    Conne

    ctiondetails

    Eng

    lishbond

    Flem

    ishbond

    Stre

    tcher

    bon

    d

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    Bricklaying

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    Bricklaying

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    08/09Brick

    workAs

    signment

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    Part2(Plastering)

    Studentw

    illl

    earn

    differe

    nttypeso

    fplas

    tering

    Un

    dercoa

    tp

    las

    tering

    1.Providea

    basecoat(rough

    surface)toreceivethefinishingco

    at.

    2.1:3Ceme

    ntmortarwill

    beuse.

    .

    -

    .

    4.D

    ividethe

    walltobeplaste

    redintoSquarea

    ndDotsandScre

    edsto

    beappliedfirst.

    FinishCoa

    ts(in

    terna

    lwa

    ll)

    1.Hydrated

    limewithpaper(limePutty)

    2.Smoothsurfaceandabout

    3-5mmthick.

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    Plastering

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    Spatter

    dash

    Spatter

    dash

    Cleana

    llla

    itance,

    dus

    t,o

    iloranyo

    thersuc

    hsubs

    tances

    from

    theco

    ncre

    te

    Cleana

    llla

    itance,

    dus

    t,o

    iloranyo

    thersuc

    hsubs

    tances

    from

    theco

    ncre

    te

    surface.

    surface.

    Spa

    tterdas

    h

    Spa

    tterdas

    hs

    ha

    llcons

    isto

    f(1

    :2)cemen

    t:coarse

    san

    dw

    ithanappro

    ve

    d

    sha

    llcons

    isto

    f(1

    :2)cemen

    t:coarse

    san

    dw

    ithanappro

    ve

    d

    bon

    dingag

    en

    tsuc

    hasas

    tyre

    ne

    bon

    dingag

    en

    tsuc

    hasas

    tyre

    ne--bu

    tadieneru

    bber

    (SBR)latex,

    ane

    thyl

    bu

    tadieneru

    bber

    (SBR)latex,

    ane

    thyl

    vinyl

    aceta

    te(EVA)emu

    lsionoranacry

    licemulsion.

    vinyl

    aceta

    te(EVA)emu

    lsionoranacry

    licemulsion.

    App

    ly

    App

    lyspat

    terdas

    h

    spat

    terdas

    htoconcrete

    vert

    ica

    lsurfacesan

    dso

    ffitsw

    ithin48hours

    toconcrete

    vert

    ica

    lsurfacesan

    dso

    ffitsw

    ithin48hours

    afters

    trikin

    gformwork.

    afters

    trikin

    gformwork.

    Them

    ixtur

    es

    ha

    llbeapp

    liedb

    ydas

    hing

    iton

    the

    wa

    llbya

    han

    dscoopora

    Them

    ixtur

    es

    ha

    llbeapp

    liedb

    ydas

    hing

    iton

    the

    wa

    llbya

    han

    dscoopora

    trowe

    ltog

    iveacomp

    letecove

    ragew

    itharough

    tex

    tureno

    texceedin

    g5

    trowe

    ltog

    iveacomp

    letecove

    ragew

    itharough

    tex

    tureno

    texceedin

    g5

    mm

    thickness.

    Thesurfacesh

    allbema

    intaine

    dm

    oistfor

    24hours.

    mm

    thickness.

    Thesurfacesh

    allbema

    intaine

    dm

    oistfor

    24hours.

    Allow

    tocu

    rean

    dharden

    fora

    tleas

    ttwo

    days

    beforeapp

    lyingrende

    ring

    /

    Allow

    tocu

    rean

    dharden

    fora

    tleas

    ttwo

    days

    beforeapp

    lyingrende

    ring

    /

    be

    ddingsc

    ree

    d.

    be

    ddingsc

    ree

    d.

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    Ty

    picalwa

    llfinishe

    ssystem

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    Comm

    onproblemsofw

    allfinishes

    Renderandtilefailure

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    Plastering(Def

    ect)

    Crac

    king.

    De-b

    onding

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    De

    -bonding

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    Sp

    atterdash/PlasterFailure

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    Plas

    terfailure

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    Part3

    (Walltiling)

    Students

    will

    understa

    ndhowtola

    ywalltiles

    Procedures

    ofwalltiling:

    1.E

    stima

    ting

    quan

    tityo

    ftilesnee

    de

    d.

    2.H

    orizon

    tal

    temporarysupportareuse

    d.

    3.P

    repare

    thea

    dhes

    ive

    /cemen

    tpas

    te.

    4.A

    pp

    lya

    dhe

    sive

    tothe

    bac

    kof

    the

    tiles.

    5.T

    oma

    kea

    stra

    ightcu

    tby

    the

    snapcu

    tter

    (ifneed

    ed)

    6.R

    emoveth

    esupportan

    dcomp

    letethe

    lowes

    tlayer

    7.F

    illt

    hegap

    sw

    ithw

    hitecemen

    tpas

    tean

    dc

    leant

    hesurfaceo

    ftiles.

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    W

    alltiling

    Tiling(Ceramictile)

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    Comm

    onproblemsoftilefinish

    es

    Adhesivefailure

    Grout

    failure

    Poorworkmansh

    i

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    Adhe

    sivefailure

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    MovementwithinRigidmateria

    ls

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    Movem

    entwithin

    Deformab

    lematerials

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    Expansi

    onoftilesw

    ithrigidadhesivematerial

    Expansi

    onoftilesw

    ithrigidadhesivematerial

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    Expansi

    onoftilesw

    ithrigidadhesivematerial

    Expansi

    onoftilesw

    ithrigidadhesivematerial

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    TileG

    routfail

    ure

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    E

    ffloresce

    nceoftilegrout

    Leachin

    gLime

    Viatilejoin

    ts

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    TileG

    routFailure

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    Poorw

    orkmanship

    Poorw

    orkmanship

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    Wall

    tilingrep

    air

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    Part4(Mosaictile/F

    loortiles)

    Typeo

    fm

    osa

    ictiles

    1.G

    lazed

    mosa

    ictiles(

    Wa

    ll)

    2.U

    ng

    laze

    dmosa

    ictiles

    (Floor

    )

    Square

    mosaictiles

    usuallycome

    inshee

    tsmeasuring

    about300x300mm

    square

    x3mmthick

    Paperfacingoverth

    efrontofthe

    tiles,

    removedafterthea

    dhesivewas

    set.

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    Mosaictile(W

    all)

    Materialuse:

    Cemen

    tpas

    te.

    (White

    cemen

    t+water

    )

    Glazed

    mosa

    ictiles

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    Mosaictile(Wall)

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    Mosaic

    tiles(Floor)

    Materialwill

    be

    Semi-dryCement

    mortar

    .

    Unglaz

    edmosaictile

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    Generalfloortil

    ingprocedure

    Generalfloortil

    ingprocedure

    Step

    1:Settingout

    Step

    1:Settingout

    Firstmark

    them

    id

    Firstmark

    them

    id--p

    oints

    p

    oints

    ofthe

    longes

    twa

    lla

    nd

    ofthe

    longes

    twa

    lla

    nd

    make

    ac

    ha

    lklinea

    tri

    ht

    make

    ac

    ha

    lklinea

    tri

    ht

    angle

    stothismark.

    angle

    stothismark.

    Repe

    atfor

    thea

    djacen

    t

    Repe

    atfor

    thea

    djacen

    t

    shorterwa

    llso

    thatyou

    shorterwa

    llso

    thatyou

    have

    apa

    iro

    flines

    tha

    t

    have

    apa

    iro

    flines

    tha

    t

    cross

    .

    cross

    .

    Remo

    ve

    thes

    kirting

    Remo

    ve

    thes

    kirting

    board

    san

    ddoor

    board

    san

    ddoor

    thres

    ho

    lds.

    thres

    ho

    lds.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step

    2:Positionin

    g

    Step

    2:Positionin

    g

    thetiles

    thetiles

    Layyour

    floor

    tilesa

    long

    Layyour

    floor

    tilesa

    long

    the

    tw

    olines

    towork

    ou

    t

    the

    tw

    olines

    towork

    ou

    t

    the

    be

    stpos

    itions.It

    's

    the

    be

    stpos

    itions.It

    's

    worth

    adjus

    ting

    their

    worth

    adjus

    ting

    their

    positio

    nss

    lightly

    tou

    se

    positio

    nss

    lightly

    tou

    se

    asma

    nyw

    ho

    letiles

    as

    asma

    nyw

    ho

    letiles

    as

    possib

    le.

    Avo

    idhaving

    possib

    le.

    Avo

    idhaving

    cu

    ttile

    sa

    long

    thewa

    ll

    cu

    ttile

    sa

    long

    thewa

    ll

    tha

    tis

    seenasyouw

    alk

    tha

    tis

    seenasyouw

    alk

    intoth

    eroom.

    intoth

    eroom.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step

    3:Applyingthe

    Step

    3:Applyingthe

    adhesive

    adhesive

    proce

    ssbyspreading

    proce

    ssbyspreading

    asquare

    asquaremetre

    metreofthe

    ofthe

    adhes

    iveintooneo

    f

    adhes

    iveintooneo

    f

    theco

    rnersformed

    by

    theco

    rnersformed

    by

    thech

    alklines.

    thech

    alklines.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step4

    :Layingthetile

    s

    Step4

    :Layingthetile

    s

    Gently

    pressdownon

    the

    Gently

    pressdownon

    the

    firsttile,usingthelinesasa

    firsttile,usingthelinesasa

    guide.

    Carryontiling

    along

    guide.

    Carryontiling

    along

    oneof

    thelines.

    oneof

    thelines.

    Addm

    oretilesuntilyou

    Addm

    oretilesuntilyou

    havec

    overedthe

    havec

    overedthe

    adhesive.You

    adhesive.Youcanuse

    canuse

    plastic

    spacerstomakethe

    plastic

    spacerstomakethe

    gapse

    venbetweeneachtile.

    gapse

    venbetweeneachtile.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step5:Tilingthefloor

    Step5:Tilingthefloor

    Nowwo

    rkoutwardsfrom

    the

    Nowwo

    rkoutwardsfrom

    the

    centreoftheroom,always

    centreoftheroom,always

    usingthechalklinesasaguide.

    usingthechalklinesasaguide.

    continu

    euntilyouhavecovered

    continu

    euntilyouhavecovered

    halfthe

    roomwithasma

    ny

    halfthe

    roomwithasma

    ny

    wholetilesaspossible.Now

    wholetilesaspossible.Now

    startworkingoutwardsfromthe

    startworkingoutwardsfromthe

    centreontheotherside

    ofthe

    centreontheotherside

    ofthe

    centrelineandcoverthe

    other

    centrelineandcoverthe

    other

    halfoftheroom.

    halfoftheroom.

    Leavetheadhesivetoset.

    Leavetheadhesivetoset.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step

    6:Fillingth

    e

    Step

    6:Fillingth

    e

    gapsgaps

    withc

    uttiles.

    Useatile

    withc

    uttiles.

    Useatile

    cutter

    totrimthetiles

    cutter

    totrimthetiles

    tosize.

    tosize.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step

    7:Sealing

    Step

    7:Sealing

    Allow

    theadhesiv

    eto

    Allow

    theadhesiv

    eto

    ,

    ,

    surfa

    ceofporous

    surfa

    ceofporous

    tileswithafloor

    tileswithafloor

    seale

    r.

    seale

    r.

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    FloorTiling

    FloorTiling

    Step8:

    Grouting

    Step8:

    Grouting

    Forceg

    routinbetweenth

    etiles

    Forceg

    routinbetweenth

    etiles

    withas

    queegee.

    Pushth

    e

    withas

    queegee.

    Pushth

    e

    squeeg

    eeacrossthejoin

    tsin

    squeeg

    eeacrossthejoin

    tsin

    groutis

    workedintoallth

    egaps.

    groutis

    workedintoallth

    egaps.

    Usethe

    straightedgeofthe

    Usethe

    straightedgeofthe

    spreadertomakeaneatgrout

    spreadertomakeaneatgrout

    line.

    line.

    Wipeoffanyexcessgrou

    twitha

    Wipeoffanyexcessgrou

    twitha

    damps

    pongebeforeitdr

    iesand

    damps

    pongebeforeitdr

    iesand

    polishthetileswithacleancloth.

    polishthetileswithacleancloth.

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    Part5(

    WallDe

    fect)

    Student

    swilllearnhow

    tofindahidden

    defectofthe

    building

    elementsandtrytousevarious

    repairmethoda

    nd

    materials

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    Materialsofwaterproofm

    embrane

    Materialsofwaterproofm

    embrane

    1.

    1.

    Asp

    haltwa

    terproo

    fcoa

    ting

    Asp

    haltwa

    terproo

    fcoa

    ting

    2.

    2.

    Bitumen

    Asp

    ha

    ltwa

    terproo

    fmem

    brane

    Bitumen

    Asp

    ha

    ltwa

    terproo

    fmem

    brane

    3.

    3.

    Cemen

    titious

    Cemen

    titiouswa

    terproo

    fm

    em

    brane

    wa

    terproo

    fm

    em

    brane

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    Asphaltwaterproofcoatin

    g

    Asphaltwaterproofcoatin

    g

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    Bitumenwaterproofmem

    brane

    Bitumenwaterproofmem

    brane

    Hotbitumenroofinglaying

    Hotbitumenroofinglaying

    Thefeltis

    rolledintothelayer

    Thefeltis

    rolledintothelayer

    ofbitumenand

    ofbitumenandbroomed

    broomedinto,

    into,

    goodbondingwiththeunderlyin

    gfelt.

    goodbondingwiththeunderlyin

    gfelt.

    Bitumenm

    embranelaying

    Bitumenm

    embranelaying

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    Cemen

    titious

    Cemen

    titiouswate

    rproofmem

    braneapplying

    wate

    rproofmem

    braneapplying

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    Comm

    onProble

    msofwaterproofin

    g

    Leaka

    e&Seeae

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    WaterSeepage

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    WaterSeep

    ageMaintenance

    Comm

    onlyusein

    Water

    seepage

    mainte

    nance.

    identifyaproblems

    andun

    derstandthe

    underlyingcauseand

    tosuggestacorrec

    t

    remed

    ialaction.

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    Permanentlyrepairofleaky/dry

    concretecrack

    Permanentlyrepairofleaky/dry

    concretecrack

    STEP

    1:Cleaning

    theAreato

    beRepaire

    d

    STEP

    1:Cleaning

    theAreato

    beRepaire

    d

    Us

    ingaw

    ire

    brus

    h,

    cleana

    llloo

    se

    Us

    ingaw

    ire

    brus

    h,

    cleana

    llloo

    se

    concre

    te,

    paint,dirtan

    da

    llo

    ther

    de

    bris

    concre

    te,

    paint,dirtan

    da

    llo

    ther

    de

    bris

    intheareato

    berepa

    ire

    dup

    to5cm

    intheareato

    berepa

    ire

    dup

    to5cm

    one

    ithersideo

    ftherepa

    irarea.

    Wipe

    one

    ithersideo

    ftherepa

    irarea.

    Wipe

    thecrac

    kare

    adownw

    itha

    dam

    pc

    loth

    .

    thecrac

    kare

    adownw

    itha

    dam

    pc

    loth

    .

    Useac

    hisel

    toremove

    looseco

    ncre

    te

    Useac

    hisel

    toremove

    looseco

    ncre

    te

    ifnecessary.

    ifnecessary.

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    STEP

    2:

    Ins

    talling

    Inject

    ion

    Ports

    STEP

    2:

    Ins

    talling

    Inject

    ion

    Ports

    Toanc

    hor

    the

    injec

    tionport

    intop

    lace,

    Toanc

    hor

    the

    injec

    tionport

    intop

    lace,

    sprea

    dsome

    adhes

    iveon

    the

    ba

    ck

    sprea

    dsome

    adhes

    iveon

    the

    ba

    ck

    oftheport

    beingcau

    tiousno

    tto

    oftheport

    beingcau

    tiousno

    tto

    cover

    the

    inje

    ction

    ho

    le.

    Placethe

    cover

    the

    inje

    ction

    ho

    le.

    Placethe

    portover

    thecrac

    kan

    dho

    ldunti

    l

    portover

    thecrac

    kan

    dho

    ldunti

    l

    secure.

    Srea

    dsomea

    dhes

    ive

    secure.

    Srea

    dsomea

    dhes

    ive

    aroun

    dbaseo

    fport

    toanc

    hor(see

    aroun

    dbaseo

    fport

    toanc

    hor(see

    adhes

    ive

    labe

    lform

    ixingprocedures

    ).

    adhes

    ive

    labe

    lform

    ixingprocedures

    ).

    Place

    the

    firstporta

    tornear

    floo

    rleve

    l.

    Place

    the

    firstporta

    tornear

    floo

    rleve

    l.

    Theres

    to

    ftheportss

    hou

    ldbespace

    d

    Theres

    to

    ftheportss

    hou

    ldbespace

    d

    even

    lyapartw

    iththe

    distance

    even

    lyapartw

    iththe

    distance

    be

    tweeneach

    portequa

    ltothe

    be

    tweeneach

    portequa

    ltothe

    thicknessoft

    hewa

    ll(usua

    lly8")

    .

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    STEP3:CappingtheSurfacew

    ithAdhesive

    STEP3:CappingtheSurfacew

    ithAdhesive

    Sprea

    dthes

    top

    Sprea

    dthes

    top--lea

    kcrac

    k

    lea

    kcrac

    k

    adhes

    iveover

    the

    dry

    /we

    tcrack,

    adhes

    iveover

    the

    dry

    /we

    tcrack,

    start

    inga

    tthe

    bo

    ttom.

    Dono

    t

    start

    inga

    tthe

    bo

    ttom.

    Dono

    t

    mixmore

    thanyoucanuse

    mixmore

    thanyoucanuse

    within5m

    inutes.

    Ifthecrac

    k

    within5m

    inutes.

    Ifthecrac

    k

    pro

    tru

    desabo

    vegroun

    dleve

    l

    pro

    tru

    desabo

    vegroun

    dleve

    l

    ,

    ,

    tha

    tsurfacea

    swe

    ll.Remem

    ber

    tha

    tsurfacea

    swe

    ll.Remem

    ber

    tofirs

    tc

    lean

    thecrac

    kon

    the

    tofirs

    tc

    lean

    thecrac

    kon

    the

    ou

    tsidew

    itha

    wire

    brus

    has

    ou

    tsidew

    itha

    wire

    brus

    has

    ou

    tline

    dinST

    EP1a

    bove.

    ou

    tline

    dinST

    EP1a

    bove.

    ALLOW

    ADHESIVETODRY

    ALLOW

    ADHESIVETODRY

    COMPLETEL

    YBEFORECONTINUING

    COMPLETEL

    YBEFORECONTINUING

    WITHTHERESTOFTHEAPPL

    ICATION

    .

    WITHTHERESTOFTHEAPPL

    ICATION

    .

    (APPROXIMA

    TELY5

    (APPROXIMA

    TELY5--1

    0MINUT

    ES).

    10MINUT

    ES).

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    STEP

    4:Flushing

    theCrack

    withWater

    STEP

    4:Flushing

    theCrack

    withWater

    Es

    tablishingwa

    ter

    flow

    through

    Es

    tablishingwa

    ter

    flow

    through

    thecrac

    kisE

    SSENTIAL

    .Usea

    thecrac

    kisE

    SSENTIAL

    .Usea

    han

    d

    han

    d--he

    ldwa

    terspray

    bo

    ttleto

    he

    ldwa

    terspray

    bo

    ttleto

    Es

    tablishflow

    throug

    hou

    tthecra

    ck

    .

    Es

    tablishflow

    throug

    hou

    tthecra

    ck

    .

    Starta

    ttheto

    pportan

    dinjec

    twa

    ter

    Starta

    ttheto

    pportan

    dinjec

    twa

    ter

    alterna

    tel

    int

    othe

    three

    hihest

    orts

    alterna

    tel

    int

    othe

    three

    hihest

    orts

    allow

    ing

    thew

    ater

    todra

    infrom

    the

    allow

    ing

    thew

    ater

    todra

    infrom

    the

    lower

    injectionports.

    INCASEO

    F

    lower

    injectionports.

    INCASEO

    F

    LEAKAGE

    ,STOPFLUSHINGAN

    D

    LEAKAGE

    ,STOPFLUSHINGAN

    D

    RESEALWIT

    HADHESIVE

    .This

    RESEALWIT

    HADHESIVE

    .This

    proce

    dureensurescon

    tinu

    ityalo

    ng

    proce

    dureensurescon

    tinu

    ityalo

    ng

    thecrac

    kand

    cleans

    thecrac

    kof

    thecrac

    kand

    cleans

    thecrac

    kof

    any

    fore

    ignde

    bris,

    gri

    t,san

    d,

    any

    fore

    ignde

    bris,

    gri

    t,san

    d,

    dus

    t,e

    tc.

    whic

    hmay

    inhibitthe

    dus

    t,e

    tc.

    whic

    hmay

    inhibitthe

    flowo

    ftherepa

    irma

    teria

    l.

    flowo

    ftherepa

    irma

    teria

    l.

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    STEP

    5:Injection

    STEP

    5:Injection--

    Sealingthe

    Wet/DryCra

    ck

    Sealingthe

    Wet/DryCra

    ck

    Cu

    ttheen

    doffthe

    injec

    tion

    Cu

    ttheen

    doffthe

    injec

    tion

    cartri

    dgeand

    screwon

    the

    cartri

    dgeand

    screwon

    the

    injec

    tion

    tip.P

    lace

    thecartri

    dge

    injec

    tion

    tip.P

    lace

    thecartri

    dge

    intoyours

    turd

    y,qua

    litycau

    lking

    intoyours

    turd

    y,qua

    litycau

    lking

    gun.

    Start

    ingfrom

    the

    bo

    ttomport,

    gun.

    Start

    ingfrom

    the

    bo

    ttomport,

    insert

    theviny

    ltubeover

    the

    insert

    theviny

    ltubeover

    the

    injec

    tionportan

    dinjec

    ts

    low

    ly,

    injec

    tionportan

    dinjec

    ts

    low

    ly,

    app

    lyingeven

    pressure,

    allow

    ing

    app

    lyingeven

    pressure,

    allow

    ing

    ma

    teria

    lplentyo

    ftime

    toreac

    t.

    ma

    teria

    lplentyo

    ftime

    toreac

    t.

    When

    theres

    inflowsou

    to

    fthe

    When

    theres

    inflowsou

    to

    fthe

    nex

    tinjec

    tion

    port

    (thiss

    hou

    ld

    nex

    tinjec

    tion

    port

    (thiss

    hou

    ld

    takeapproxim

    ately20

    takeapproxim

    ately20--6

    0seconds

    ),

    60seconds

    ),

    cap

    thecurren

    tportan

    dcon

    tinue

    cap

    thecurren

    tportan

    dcon

    tinue

    (to

    be

    Con

    td

    )

    (to

    be

    Con

    td

    )

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    (to

    be

    Con

    td)

    (to

    be

    Con

    td)

    injec

    ting

    throug

    hthenex

    tport.

    injec

    ting

    throug

    hthenex

    tport.

    Remem

    ber:

    Injec

    tun

    tilflow

    to

    Remem

    ber:

    Injec

    tun

    tilflow

    to

    nex

    tport

    isesta

    blishe

    d,

    cap

    nex

    tport

    isesta

    blishe

    d,

    cap

    curren

    tport,inj

    ec

    tinnex

    tport

    curren

    tport,inj

    ec

    tinnex

    tport

    un

    tilflow

    isest

    ablishe

    dtothe

    un

    tilflow

    isest

    ablishe

    dtothe

    third

    ,e

    tc.

    INCASEOFLEAKAGE,

    third

    ,e

    tc.

    INCASEOFLEAKAGE,

    STOPINJECTI

    NGANDRESEAL

    STOPINJECTI

    NGANDRESEAL

    WITHADHESIVE

    .Ifflow

    tothe

    WITHADHESIVE

    .Ifflow

    tothe

    nex

    tport

    isnot

    es

    tablishe

    d,

    increase

    nex

    tport

    isnot

    es

    tablishe

    d,

    increase

    ma

    teria

    l.Ifflow

    iss

    tillno

    tes

    tablished

    ,

    ma

    teria

    l.Ifflow

    iss

    tillno

    tes

    tablished

    ,

    release

    thepressureon

    thecau

    lking

    gun

    release

    thepressureon

    thecau

    lking

    gun

    an

    ds

    tic

    ka

    long

    ,finew

    ire

    intothe

    injec

    tion

    an

    ds

    tic

    ka

    long

    ,finew

    ire

    intothe

    injec

    tion

    port

    totry

    tobrea

    kthep

    lugge

    dmateria

    l.

    port

    totry

    tobrea

    kthep

    lugge

    dmateria

    l.

    Try

    toinjec

    tmo

    rema

    teria

    lintothisp

    ort.

    Ifflow

    iss

    tillnote

    stablishe

    d,

    Try

    toinjec

    tmo

    rema

    teria

    lintothisp

    ort.

    Ifflow

    iss

    tillnote

    stablishe

    d,

    injec

    tfrom

    the

    top,

    down.

    WARNING:

    BECAREFULAROU

    NDFLOOR

    injec

    tfrom

    the

    top,

    down.

    WARNING:

    BECAREFULAROU

    NDFLOOR

    DRAINSANDD

    RAINAGETILE

    DRAINSANDD

    RAINAGETILE

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    STEP6:Finishing

    STEP6:Finishing

    48hoursa

    fter

    injec

    tion,

    injec

    tion

    portsan

    dsea

    lingc

    emen

    tcan

    beremo

    ve

    dif

    48hoursa

    fter

    injec

    tion,

    injec

    tion

    portsan

    dsea

    lingc

    emen

    tcan

    beremo

    ve

    dif

    youw

    ish.

    (Jus

    tPea

    lOff)

    youw

    ish.

    (Jus

    tPea

    lOff)

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Proce

    dur

    e

    Proce

    dur

    e

    11s

    ts

    t

    Su

    bSu

    b--Grad

    e

    Grad

    e

    We

    digth

    esurfaceareaou

    tto

    adep

    tho

    f

    We

    digth

    esurfaceareaou

    tto

    adep

    tho

    f

    approx2

    00mm.

    Thisa

    llows

    for

    approx2

    00mm.

    Thisa

    llows

    for

    the

    dep

    th

    the

    dep

    th

    oftheav

    inb

    loc

    ks

    +50mm

    be

    ddin

    +

    oftheav

    inb

    loc

    ks

    +50mm

    be

    ddin

    +

    100mmsu

    b

    100mmsu

    b--base

    base..

    Allweeds

    an

    do

    therunwan

    tedma

    teria

    lis

    Allweeds

    an

    do

    therunwan

    tedma

    teria

    lis

    removed,

    an

    dweexcava

    teany

    so

    ftspo

    ts

    removed,

    an

    dweexcava

    teany

    so

    ftspo

    ts

    an

    dfillwithcompac

    tedsu

    b

    an

    dfillwithcompac

    tedsu

    b--basema

    teria

    l.

    basema

    teria

    l.

    We

    then

    ins

    talla

    highqua

    lityla

    ndscape

    We

    then

    ins

    talla

    highqua

    lityla

    ndscape

    fabric

    toe

    nsureyou

    don

    'thave

    anynas

    ty

    fabric

    toe

    nsureyou

    don

    'thave

    anynas

    ty

    wee

    dsor

    roo

    tsappearing

    inthe

    future.

    wee

    dsor

    roo

    tsappearing

    inthe

    future.

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Procedu

    re

    Procedu

    re22ndnd

    Su

    bSu

    b--Base

    Base

    Weuseh

    ighqua

    litysu

    b

    Weuseh

    ighqua

    litysu

    b--basem

    ateria

    l,

    basem

    ateria

    l,

    us

    ingacompac

    ter

    tofirm

    lycom

    press

    us

    ingacompac

    ter

    tofirm

    lycom

    press

    .

    .

    nee

    dtog

    oover

    itmany

    timest

    o

    nee

    dtog

    oover

    itmany

    timest

    o

    ensure

    it'sproperlycompac

    ted.

    ensure

    it'sproperlycompac

    ted.

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Proce

    dur

    e

    Proce

    dur

    e

    33rdrd

    Be

    dding

    Layer

    Be

    dding

    Layer

    We

    layth

    epav

    ing

    bloc

    ks

    direc

    tlyon

    to

    We

    layth

    epav

    ing

    bloc

    ks

    direc

    tlyon

    to

    aabe

    dofcoarsegri

    tsan

    d(scree

    d),

    be

    dofcoarsegri

    tsan

    d(scree

    d),

    a

    roxima

    tel

    35

    a

    roxima

    tel

    35--5

    0mm

    thick

    50mm

    thick.We

    We

    app

    lythe

    scree

    dby

    dragg

    inga

    app

    lythe

    scree

    dby

    dragg

    inga

    stra

    ightedge

    leng

    tho

    ftim

    bero

    ver

    stra

    ightedge

    leng

    tho

    ftim

    bero

    ver

    thepartia

    lly

    thepartia

    lly--compac

    tedlayingcourse

    compac

    tedlay

    ingcourse

    ma

    teriala

    nd'scrap

    ing

    ma

    teriala

    nd'scrap

    ing--o

    ff'thetop

    off'thetop

    layer

    tocrea

    teasmoo

    th,

    pro

    file

    d

    layer

    tocrea

    teasmoo

    th,

    pro

    file

    d

    layingsurface

    toaccommo

    date

    the

    layingsurface

    toaccommo

    date

    the

    pav

    ing.

    pav

    ing.

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Procedu

    re

    Procedu

    re44thth

    Edge

    Cou

    rse

    Edge

    Cou

    rse

    Oncewe

    havecomp

    letedthes

    ub

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    havecomp

    letedthes

    ub--

    base,

    we

    will

    ins

    tallthee

    dg

    ing

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    we

    will

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    tallthee

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    ing

    .

    .

    prevents

    idewaysmovemen

    tan

    dare

    prevents

    idewaysmovemen

    tan

    dare

    strongen

    oug

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    iths

    tan

    dthe

    forces

    strongen

    oug

    htow

    iths

    tan

    dthe

    forces

    ofyourve

    hicles.

    ofyourve

    hicles.

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Procedu

    re

    Procedu

    re55thth

    The

    Paving

    Layer

    The

    Paving

    Layer

    Thepavin

    gbloc

    ksare

    laidtoa

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    ksare

    laidtoa

    spec

    ificp

    attern.

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    the

    pac

    ks

    ban

    dingo

    rspo

    ttingo

    fcerta

    insha

    des

    ban

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    rspo

    ttingo

    fcerta

    insha

    des

    withinthe

    pavemen

    t.

    withinthe

    pavemen

    t.

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Procedure

    Procedure66thth

    Cu

    tting

    In,

    Cu

    tting

    In,

    Whena

    llthe

    bloc

    ksare

    have

    been

    Whena

    llthe

    bloc

    ksare

    have

    been

    laidwe

    'cu

    t

    laidwe

    'cu

    t--in'alltheareasn

    otfilled

    in'alltheareasn

    otfilled

    BrickSplit

    ter

    BrickSplit

    ter

    .

    .

    perfect

    fin

    ishan

    dena

    blesus

    tocarry

    perfect

    fin

    ishan

    dena

    blesus

    tocarry

    thepat

    ternacross

    thew

    hole

    area.

    thepat

    ternacross

    thew

    hole

    area.

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Procedu

    re

    Procedu

    re77thth

    Jo

    inting

    Jo

    inting

    us

    ingap

    latev

    ibra

    tor

    tocompac

    tthe

    us

    ingap

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    ibra

    tor

    tocompac

    tthe

    bloc

    ks

    do

    wn

    tothe

    fina

    lleve

    lan

    d

    bloc

    ks

    do

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    fina

    lleve

    lan

    d

    firm

    lybed

    them

    inan

    dgoover

    the

    firm

    lybed

    them

    inan

    dgoover

    the

    perfec

    tfin

    ish

    .

    perfec

    tfin

    ish

    .

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    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Part6

    (Paving

    block)

    Procedu

    re

    Procedu

    re88thth

    Sea

    ling

    Sea

    ling

    We

    brush

    abone

    We

    brush

    abone--drys

    ilicasan

    dacross

    drys

    ilicasan

    dacross

    thepaving

    tofillina

    llthe

    joints

    an

    d

    thepaving

    tofillina

    llthe

    joints

    an

    d

    crea

    tetha

    tperfec

    tfin

    ish

    .

    crea

    tetha

    tperfec

    tfin

    ish

    .

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    Part5

    (Paving

    block)

    Part5

    (Paving

    block)

    Proce

    dure

    Proce

    dure

    99thth

    TheF

    ina

    lResu

    lt

    TheF

    ina

    lResu

    lt

    Astunn

    ing

    drive,

    expert

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    igne

    d,

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    ing

    drive,

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    d,

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    edan

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    talled

    ,leav

    ing

    the

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    talled

    ,leav

    ing

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    mer

    100%sa

    tis

    fie

    d.

    custo

    mer

    100%sa

    tis

    fie

    d.

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    Badpr

    acticefor

    layingpa

    vingbloc

    k

    Badpr

    acticefor

    layingpa

    vingbloc

    k

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    References

    1.

    BS562

    8-3:2001

    2.

    BSEN

    771-1

    3.

    BS305

    6

    4.

    Genera

    lspecificationfor

    building2007edition-ASD

    5.

    pmaxconsruconma

    eras

    6.

    http://www.geodoctors.com/qfp/

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    End

    ngmaterialspleasereferto:

    www.i

    c.p

    olyu.e

    du.h

    k/new

    /Fac

    ilities

    /d3/cons

    truc

    tion

    /

    rd=12345