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Breakup of Yugoslavia. Austria vs. Serbia. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to Austro-Hungarian Throne. Gavrilo Princip Anti-Austrian Nationalist of Serbia. Europe Pre-World War 1. p. 427. p. 427. What happened to Serbia’s plans for an all-Slavic nation?. p. 427. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Breakup of Yugoslavia
Austria vs. SerbiaArchduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to Austro-Hungarian ThroneGavrilo Princip
Anti-Austrian Nationalist of Serbia
p. 427
What happened to Serbia’s plans for an all-Slavic nation?
p. 427Europe Pre-World War 1
p. 427
Yugoslavia is formed in Balkans after WW1
Post-WW2 Yugoslavia• Social Federal Republic
– Yugoslavia goes Communist, but is not connected to USSR
– Becomes a federation where each republic is given some form of self-rule
• Josip Broz Tito– President from 1945-1980– United the people of Yugoslavia
through totalitarian rule– Despite being a dictator, he
was popular among his people– Seen as “benevolent dictator”
Yugoslavia
SLOVENIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINACROATIA
MACEDONIA MONTENEGRO SERBIA
VOJVODINA KOSOVO
What do you notice about the location of the different
ethnic groups in Yugoslavia?
Ante Pavelic • World War II– Nazi Germany invades
Yugoslavia & conquers it
• Ante Pavelic– Croatian who led a Nazi group
in Yugoslavia– Pavelic begins to exterminate
Serbs – “Butcher of the Balkans”
• Tensions– After WW2, the tensions
between the groups were only calmed by Tito’s leadership
Tensions Rise• Slobodan Milošević– Tito dies in 1980– Serbian Milošević becomes
new Yugoslavian President
• Ethnic Tension– Ethnic groups begin to fight
• Political Changes– End of Cold War– As parts of the former USSR
declared independence, parts of Yugoslavia do the same
1989
Yugoslavia is one united nation under Communism.
June 1991
Slovenia & Croatia declare themselves independent nations; Croatian Serbs fight back
September 1991
Macedonia declares their independence.
March 1992
Bosnia & Herzegovina declare their independence.
April 1992
Serbia & Montenegro remain united as a new Yugoslavia.
Civil War in Yugoslavia• Yugoslav Wars– Most Serbs supported unity; Yugoslavia fights to retain areas– Slovenia & Croatia win independence through bloody wars
• War in Bosnia– Bosnia & Herzegovina declare independence, but arguments
break out among the ethnic groups of Bosnia• Bosnian Muslims & Croats support independence• Bosnian Serbs want to remain part of Yugoslavia
– Bosnian Serbs form paramilitary units• Paramilitary units are supported by Milošević • Begin a policy of Ethnic Cleansing against Muslim & Croat
people in Bosnia
Sarajevo: under siege
Serb Paramilitary Units
Ethnic Cleansing• Ethnic Cleansing
– “Purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas” (U.N.)
– Mostly blamed on Serbs, but used by all sides in Bosnian conflict
• Methods– Murder, torture, unfair arrests,
executions, sexual assaults, ghettos, forcible deportation, etc.
Results of Ethnic Cleansing• Death Toll
– 100,000+ estimated killed
• Refugees– A person who leaves his/her
home/nation to find safety– Near 3 million displaced
• Hague Trial– 2002 – U.N. puts Milošević
on trial for genocide & other crimes against humanity
– 2006 – Milošević dies of a heart attack while in custody
– Mixed international reaction
Breakup Continues• Kosovo– 1999 – Kosovo War– 2008 – declare independence;
Not recognized; U.N. governed
• Vojvodina– 2002 – given more autonomy– 2008 – allowed self-rule, but
still under Serbian control
• Montenegro– 2006 – declare independence;
Serbia does not object
• Serbia– 2006 – Yugoslavia dissolved
2008