Breakthrough - Swansea University30910,en.pdf · Institute of Mass Spectrometry 186 Research published on the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster 188 Stem cell therapy 189

BreakthroughWorld-Class Research at Swansea University

“An environment of research excellence thatenriches the knowledge economy.”

Foreword - Professor Richard B Davies, Vice-Chancellor 4Recent highlights 5Introduction – Professor Nigel Weatherill, Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research) 6Commercial partners 7Department for Research and Innovation 10SCHOOL OF ARTS 12Introduction – Professor Kevin Williams 13Media and Communication 14English 16Creative Writing 19Centre for Research into Gender in Culture and Society (GENCAS) 20Centre for Research into the English Literature and Language of Wales (CREW) 21Welsh 22German 23French 26Italian 28Hispanic Studies 28Applied Linguistics 29The Richard Burton Centre 31SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 32Introduction – Professor Andrew Henley 33Business 34

Marketing 34Human resources, Organisations and Entrepreneurship Research Group 38Information Systems and CeBR 41Finance 42

Economics 43Time Series Econometrics 43Labour Economics Group 44Monetary policy 46Fifteen years of transition 47

Welsh Economy Labour Market Evaluation and Research Centre (WELMERC) 49SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 52Introduction – Professor Nigel Weatherill 53Aerospace engineering 54Power electronics and microelectronics technologies 57Manufacturing technologies 58Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (MNC) 60Multi-fracturing solids and particulate media 62Multi-physics and multi-scale modelling 64Environmental engineering 64Emerging research/technologies 67Collaborative training with industry 70Investment in research infrastructure 70Research Fellows 71INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS 72Introduction – Professor Jaafar Elmirghani 73TINA (The INtelligent Airport) 74REACH (Radio-Fibre Enabled Access Highway) 74IRIS (Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics Scout) 74Heterogeneous IP Networks (HIPNet) 75Village E-Science for Life (VESEL) 76Integrated Storage Area Networks (INSTANT) 77Lamda User Controlled Infrastructure for European Research (PHOSPHOROUS) 77Motorola’s collaboration with IAT 78SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 80Introduction – Professor Mike Barnsley 81Climate and Land-Surface Systems Interaction Centre (CLASSIC) 82

1Swansea University Breakthrough

Contents

“”

The University strategy continues to be, in summary, to strengthen research, enhance the Swansea student experience,and be a powerhouse for growth in theregional economy, as part of a ‘virtuouscircle’ of improvement to both the academicand financial health of the institution.

2 3Contents Swansea University Breakthrough

SCHOOL OF LAW 166Introduction – Professor Iwan Davies 167Overview 168European and International Law 169Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 169Socio-legal Studies and Legal Theory 169Public Law and Welsh Jurisdictional Issues 169Commercial Law and Law of Obligations 170Family and Child Law 170Wales Journal of Law and Policy 170Journal of International Maritime Law 170Institute of Shipping and International Trade Law 171Centre for Commercial Law Studies 172Justword: Centre for the Study of Text, Ethics and Forms of Juristic Discourse 172Environmental/Energy Law Research Unit 172Centre for Child Research 172Legal Wales 173The Intersection of Law and Language 175The Principles Underpinning the European Internal Market 177Literary Jurisprudence 178SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 180Introduction – Professor Julian Hopkin 181Institute of Life Science 182BioMedical research 183Institute of Mass Spectrometry 186Research published on the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster 188Stem cell therapy 189Anti-cancer role for curry 190New heart pump 190Research into radiation and cancer 190New antibiotics 191Probiotic supplements for newborns 192CHIRAL: Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation 192SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 200Introduction – Professor Mike Charlton 201Physics 202Antimatter research 202Nanoscale and condensed matter physics 204Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Spacetime Group 205Lattice QCD Group 205Computer Science 207Logic and Algebraic methods for design of software and hardware 207Visual and interactive computing 210FIT Lab 215Mathematics 218Collaboration in Stochastic Analysis 218Pseudo differential operators and Markov processes 218On theories of turbulence 218Probability and Statistics by example 219Outstanding accolade 220Statistical mechanics and Condensation Theory 220Non-commutative differential geometry 220New approach to (non-commutative) fibrations 220Corings 221Symmetric Group Character Theory revisited 222Algebraic symmetry 222Meetings, workshops and schools 223VIP visits 223DEPARTMENT OF ADULT CONTINUING EDUCATION 224

List of acronyms and abbreviations 228

Index 231

Institute of Environmental Sustainability 84Glaciology Group 87Millennium: reconstructing a thousand years of European climate change 90Volcanic events and past climate change 91Animals in their environment: do penguins eat like gannets? 92Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research (CSAR) 93WISE 94Understanding Red Tides 94Incredible Invertebrates 96Biomolecular Analysis Mass Spectrometry 97City Visions: the mechanical representation of space 99Global urban networks 100The PEER ethnographic research method 101Devolved Governance in Wales 102International migration: political and policy responses 102Irish America 104The Transformation of a Perpheral Community 104National Centre for Public Policy 105SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 106Introduction – Mrs Anne Hopkins 107Institute of Health Research 108Bioscience 109Economics of Health and Social Care 110Philosophy of Health Care 110Practitioner Research 111Social Organisation of Health Care 111Collaborative Links 112Health Informatics 113Medical Sociology 114Wales’ First Professor of Midwifery 114SCHOOL OF HUMAN SCIENCES 116Introduction – Dr Kevin Haines 117Applied Social Studies 118Criminology and Criminal Justice research 118Children’s research 121Gerontology and ageing research 123Workforce research 123After social carework 124Social Carework Research Centre 125Childhood Studies 126Psychology 130Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience 130Psychology research groups 131Psychobiological effects of Ecstasy or MDMA in humans 137Centre for Child Research 138Sports Science 138SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES 140Introduction – Professor Noel Thompson 141American Studies 142Classics, Ancient History & Egyptology 146History 152Politics and International Relations 156Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict 161The Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology 161Centre for the History of Wales and its Borderlands 162Conference for the Study of Political Thought 162Centre for Research on Ancient Narrative Literature 163Centre for Wittgensteinian Studies 163Richard Burton Collection 163The Rush Rhees Archive 164South Wales Coalfield Collection 164Peter Winch Archive 165Conferences 165

4 5Foreward

Swansea University is several years into an ambitious strategic plan aiming for world-classexcellence in all our activities.

A recent report, Eureka UK, describes 100 discoveries and developments in UK Universitiesthat have changed the world. These include the “finite element method” developed byProfessor Olek Zienkiewicz at Swansea in the 1960’s. This technique revolutionalised thedesign and engineering of manufactured products with applications ranging from smalldevices to the aerodynamics of the massive Airbus A380.

Computational engineering research still flourishes at Swansea and is undoubtedly world-leading. The University has many other long-standing research strengths that are widelyrecognised. A major feature of our strategic plan has seen unprecedented investment in theresearch infrastructure of the University, which is impacting on every part of campus and istransformational for several academic areas.

This publication seeks to capture the breadth, quality and - hopefully - the excitement of theinnovative research now underway at Swansea.

Increasingly, the major academic advances are being made at the boundaries betweentraditional disciplines, giving a campus university like Swansea a distinct advantage. I hopethat this overview demonstrates the value that we attach to our research activity, includingcollaboration with commerce and industry, and the phenomenal rate of growth underway.

Professor Richard B. Davies

Vice-Chancellor

Foreword Recent highlights

• £36 million in research contracts won in2005/06, including £11.5 million fromResearch Councils

• 11 prestigious RCUK Academic Fellowshipsawarded

• More than 150 new academic appointmentssince 2004

• Several large research initiatives:� £50 million Institute of Life Science� £30 million Institute of Advanced

Telecommunications� Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre� Institute of Environmental Sustainability� Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research� Institute for Health Research

• IBM ‘Blue C’– one of the world’s fastestsupercomputers dedicated to life science research

• Technium network: eight incubator centres linkedto the University and supporting the creation andgrowth of high-tech businesses in South Wales

The University gratefully acknowledges the financialand collaborative support of its many commercialand industrial partners. Organisations that haverecently supported Swansea University’s researchactivities include:AAAS (Austria)Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicAction Medical ResearchAEA Technology PlcAge Concern SwanseaAgilent TechnologiesAHRCAirbus UK Ltd.AIST, Japan Akzo Nobel Industrial Coatings LtdAlcan InternationalALPS Electric (UK) LtdAlstom Controls LtdAO Research FundAquatrolsArena NetworkArtesyn Communication ProductsAsset InternationalAssociation of British InsurersAstrazenecaAtomic Weapons EstablishmentAustrian Academy of ScienceAvago Technologies

BBAAB M J Publishing Group LtdBAAL BAE SystemsBayer Material Science AG BBCBBSRCBioanalysis LtdBioCare LtdBiocatalysts LtdBirby’sBNFL Magnox ElectricBoeingBord Na MonaBrain Injury ServicesBRASS - the Centre for Business RelationshipsBridgend Local Health BoardBritish AcademyBritish Antarctic SurveyBritish CouncilBritish Ecological SocietyBritish Nuclear FuelsBritish Skin FoundationBritish Society of GastroenterologyBritish Telecommunications PlcBronglais Hospital AberystwythBT ExactBUPABurdett Trust for Nursing

CC E CC R Clarke & Co (UK) LtdCambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

Cambridge UniversityCambridge Water CompanyCamplas TechnologyCancer Research UKCapricornCarbon TrustCarmarthenshire County CouncilCarmarthenshire NHS TrustCarnegie Mellon University, PittsburghCARUS (Hamburg).CB&ICEFICCelgene Cellular TherapeuticsCeltic Vacuum LtdCentre for Health Sciences Research, CardiffChalmers University, SwedenChildren's Commissioner for WalesCinpres Gas InjectionCisco SystemsCity and County Of SwanseaCiwemCNPqCNRS, ParisComputeraidConcordia University, MontrealCooper StandardCorusCouncil of the Association for Medical HumanitiesCountryside Council for WalesCrown Cork and Seal CoCryoton (UK) Ltd.Cultech LtdCUPCyden Ltd

DDaiichi Suntory Biomedical Research Co LtdDanisco Foods USADavid & Christopher Lewis FoundationDavy Process Technology LtdDepartment of HealthDepartment of the Environment Food and Rural AffairsDepartment of Trade & IndustryDepartment of TransportDevelogenDFID/OdaDhimurru Land Management Aboriginal CorporationDiabetes UKDisability CommissionDRADragon Polycaetes Research LtdDragon Baits LtdDwr CymruDyfed Powys Local Criminal Justice Board

EEADS AstriumEberhard Karls-Universität TübingenEgypt Exploration SocietyElement Six LtdELWaEnterplan LtdEnvironment AgencyEpilepsy Research FoundationEPSRCEqual Opportunities CommissionEricsson

Research, the relentless pursuit of knowledge and understanding, has driven Swansea University’s growth for nearly a century. Nowadays, in the face of fierce competition for funding,ground-breaking research remains central to the University’s development.

Swansea’s research environment benefits from some world-class facilities and dedicated supportstaff, and has seen substantial investment in recent years. I believe that, as a compact campus,Swansea also benefits from being able to bring together researchers from a broad range ofsubject areas, which has in turn enabled the University to establish a dynamic multidisciplinaryapproach that other, larger universities find hard to emulate.

The University has also been successful in attracting world-class staff who will be instrumental in securing our future growth. Our strength lies in their talent, and their dedication contributesimmensely to the University’s research competitiveness. Our future success is rooted firmly in thework that they undertake today. Our ambitions will be fuelled further by their enthusiasm.

We have seen continued growth in income from research grants and contracts over the lastdecade and projected income for the next few years shows that this is a long term trend. BetweenFebruary 2005 and January 2006, the University submitted 315 grant applications, whichresulted in funding awards in excess of £36 million. New campus-based research centres andinstitutes – both established and planned – have an exciting role to play in attracting more fundingand expanding our network of academic and commercial partners.

There is a real sense of expectation on campus; a real sense that Swansea’s research makes a difference. The conditions are right, the foundations for real growth laid, and the researchclimate at the University is nurturing genuine talent that will unquestionably lead to profounddiscoveries, new applications and revolutionary concepts. The University has already contributedgreatly to the advancement of knowledge and to our appreciation of issues that closely affect ourlives, but we know that we can go much further, building on recent investment to redefine the limits of scientific and academic understanding.

The same passion that drove Newton, Darwin, Curie, Edison and Einstein drives discovery here at Swansea. We are mindful of the fact that we are judged by our successes, our ability and,ultimately, our reputation.

We are justifiably proud of what we have achieved so far, but I have no doubt that we have a great deal more to offer and that our best is yet to come.

Professor Nigel Weatherill

Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research)

and Head, School of Engineering

6 7Introduction Swansea University Breakthrough

Commercial partnersIntroduction

RNID CymruRobert Bosch GmbHRockfield SoftwareRoehampton UniversityRolls Royce PlcRoyal Academy of EngineeringRoyal Geographical SocietyRoyal Historical SocietyRoyal SocietyRoyal Society of ChemistryRuder Finn UK LtdRutgers University, USA

SSainsbury FoundationSaP KazakhstanSasakawa Memorial Health FoundationSave the Children FundSchering-Plough LtdSchulman PlasticsSector Skills Development AgencySeoul National University.Shaw TrustSI Concrete Systems LtdSiliconixSinclair Animal & Household Care LtdSira Electro-Optics LtdSociety for General MicrobiologySonySoros Open Society FoundationSpider SoftwareSt Andrews Group of HospitalsSt John’s College, OxfordStein HeurteyStockholm UniversitySupreme Council of Antiquities of EgyptSure Start CardiffSvergie RiksbankSwansea Institute of Higher EducationSwansea Local Health BoardSwansea NHS TrustSyngenta Ltd

TTechnical University of DenmarkTechnische Universität BerlinTelcordia TechnologiesTenovusTexas Heart InstituteThe BUPA FoundationThe Carbon TrustThe Daphne Jackson TrustThe Disabilities TrustThe Environment CentreThe Gatsby Charitable FoundationThe Good Carb Food Company LtdThe Health FoundationThe Mechner FoundationThe Middle Dee ProjectThe National Ankylosing Spondylitis SocietyThe Nuffield TrustThe Sir Jules Thorn Charitable TrustThe Surgical Materials Testing LaboratoryTimet UK LtdTitan Environmental SurveysToyotaTraffic WalesTrans Media Technology LtdTUD (Denmark)TWI Ltd

UUK SportUnileverUnisonUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUniversidad de OviedoUniversita di PalermoUniversitè Paris-SudUniversity College CorkUniversity of AucklandUniversity of BarcelonaUniversity of California San DiegoUniversity of California, BerkeleyUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of CopenhagenUniversity of DresdenUniversity of GothenburgUniversity of La RiojaUniversity of MunichUniversity of OstravaUniversity of PisaUniversity of StuttgartUniversity of Tel AvivUniversity of TexasUniversity of UtahUniversity of UtrechtUniversity of ViennaUniversity of Wales Board of Celtic StudiesUS Naval Regional Contracting Centre

VVanderbilt UniversityVeolia Water Systems LtdVeterinary Laboratory Agency (DEFRA)Vienna University of Technology

WWales Cancer BankWales Centre for HealthWales Council for Voluntary ActionWales Environment TrustWales Health Work PartnershipWales Office for R&D for Health and Social CareWales Tourist BoardWallander FoundationWellcome TrustWelsh Assembly GovernmentWelsh Development AgencyWelsh Language BoardWelsh Local Government AssociationWelsh Rugby Union LtdWest Lincolnshire Primary Care Trust NhsWokingham District CouncilWolfson FoundationWorld Wide Fund For NatureWRC (Water Research Centre) PlcWritemedia

XXyratex

YYakult Europe B.VYouth Justice Board of England and Wales

ZZoobiotic Zühlke (Zürich)


Ernest Hemingway Museum, CubaESRCEuropean Office of Aerospace Research and DevelopmentEuropean Electrical Steels LtdEuropean Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN)European Regional Development FundEuropean Science FoundationEuropean Social FundEuropean Space AgencyExxon Mobil

FFAPERFiocruz (Rio de Janeiro)Fisheries Society of the British IslesFlooring Technologies LtdFluent EuropeFood Standards AgencyFraunhofer Institute, Berlin Freescale

GGE Healthcare LtdGlaxosmithklineGovernment of CanadaGreat Britain Sasakawa FoundationGwerin Y Coed

HHadley Centre for Climate Prediction and ResearchHaemair LtdHarvard UniversityHDC - Horticultural Development CouncilHealth Protection AgencyHEFCWHM Government Communications CentreHonour Society of Nursing WalesHorticultural Development CouncilHumbold University, Berlin

IIBMIMP - Scientific Product Design And DevelopmentInnogy Technology Ventures LtdInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, FranceInstitute of Biotechnology of LeónInstitute of LinguisticsInstitute of MicrobiologyIntach UK TrustIntegral Business Support LtdIntegran Technologies Inc, CanadaInteractive Feedback LtdInternational Council of Sports Science and PhysicalEducationInternational Maritime OrganisationInternational Philosophy of Nursing SocietyInternational Start SecretariatInternational Transport Workers FederationIolanthe Midwifery Trust

JJane Hodge FoundationJanssen-Cilag LtdJohn Radcliffe Hospital OxfordJohn Wiley & Sons - PublishersJose Marti International Journalism InstituteJotunheimen Research Trust

KKnowledge Transfer PartnershipKodak LtdKoemmerling KunststoffeKolleg Friedrich Nietzsche, WeimarKoppert UK Ltd

LLaing O'Rourke PlcLandroverLedwoods Mechanical EngineeringLeverhulme TrustLiberty Properties PlcLondon Mathematical SocietyLow Pay CommissionLoyola University, BaltimoreLTSN

MMarine Conservation SocietyMarine InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyMedical Research CouncilMerckMerthyr Tydfil Local Health GroupMGS EconomicsMicrosoft Research LimitedMolecular Light Technology Research LtdMomenta (Formerly Knowledge Transfer Partnership)Morriston NHS TrustMotorolaMRC

NNational Assembly for WalesNational Asthma CampaignNational Audit OfficeNational Cancer Institute (US)National Institutes of Health, USANational Museum of WalesNational Physical LaboratoryNEAT - New And Emerging Applications Of TechnologyNeath Port Talbot Local Health BoardNERCNERC Centre for Ecology and HydrologyNextGenNHS ConfederationNHS DirectNHS National Services ScotlandNiobium Products Company GmbHNorth American Association for the Study of WelshCulture and HistoryNorwich UnionNuffield Foundation

OO2Obsidian Research LtdOptions Consultancy Services LtdOrganisation for Cooperation and Security in EuropeOspreys Rugby

PPeel Medical Research TrustPembrokeshire & Derwen NHS TrustPfizer LtdPolice Information Technology OrganisationPool Water treatment Advisory GroupPortsmouth UniversityPowys County CouncilPPARCProcess Engineering Resources Inc. ProtronPurdue University, USA

RRed MRijksuniversiteit GroningenRio Tinto Technical Services

8 Commercial partners

10 11Department of Research and Innovation Swansea University Breakthrough

need for a venture capital strategy to ensure themaximum benefit for the University, thecompanies it creates or assists and, thereby,the local and regional economy.

TECHNIUM INITIATIVE

The Technium Initiative is a technology-ledincubation network that firmly links ideas toactions by providing a supportive environmentin which knowledge-based companies cangrow quickly while benefiting from academicand technical expertise.

Swansea University played a key role inbringing about this innovative concept, inpartnership with the Welsh AssemblyGovernment. One of the Technium centres –Technium Digital – sits at the heart of theUniversity’s Singleton campus.

The name Technium comes from combiningelements of the words ‘technology’ and‘Millennium’, and the title itself encapsulates theshort but vibrant history of the project since itsinception in 2000.

A technology-led incubation network needs toprovide both the knowledge and supportoffered by business and academic expertise aswell as the physical space to accommodatethe companies involved.

The Technium network across south west Walesprovides state-of-the art facilities that mightotherwise have proved too costly or too difficultfor small companies to assemble themselves.

Each Technium centre also provides access to

a team of specialist advisors who can providebusiness support and access to finance, aswell as being able to put companies in touchwith industry leaders and appropriateacademic expertise.

Each centre in the Technium network hasforged links with partners in business, industryand government, creating a uniquelydynamic environment where private andpublic sectors intersect.

Welsh Assembly Government Minister forEnterprise, Innovation and Networks, AndrewDavies, has said that the Technium networkcreates an unprecedented opportunity foreconomic growth in Wales. He has praised itfor linking business and academia so closelyand for “turning our brightest academic ideasinto dynamic business opportunities.”

In the future

Looking ahead, the Department will continue tobe heavily involved in the creation andmanagement of knowledge-based initiatives.Among the strategic developments expected toemerge from the platform already created is aCentre of Excellence in Bio-Refining.

Another is the Clinical Trials Unit (CTU), whichwill be part of the ongoing developments at theSchool of Medicine and the Institute of LifeScience. In common with other medicalinnovations taking place on campus, the CTUcould benefit from the enormous computingpower of the Blue C supercomputer, which isbased at the Institute.

DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND

INNOVATION

The Department of Research and Innovation(DoRI) offers a single point of contact for theUniversity’s interaction with business, industryand government. The department strengthensand supports research activities undertaken inthe University’s ten academic schools.

DoRI draws together knowledge on research,consultancy, intellectual property, business start-ups and on creating sustainable economicdevelopment in the regional economy.

Such activity has grown vigorously over recentyears and is a clear indication of the vibrantresearch and business impetus that exists atSwansea.

Examples of current projects include the Instituteof Life Science and the Institute of AdvancedTelecommunications, with a combined value ofover £80 million.

Professor Marc Clement, Chair of Innovationand Senior Executive in the Vice-Chancellor’sOffice, is head of the Department. He playsa critical role in the development of theTechnium concept (see below) and its roll-outacross the region, as well as beinginstrumental in obtaining funding for largeprojects in recent years.

Operational issues are handled by a strategygroup, composed of representatives from all thedisciplines encompassed by the department,ensuring a high degree of transparency in bothdecision making and implementation.

DoRI has sufficient flexibility to ensure theUniversity’s aims are met with regard to themanagement of large, prestigious projects. Atthe same time it offers a wide range ofexpertise in helping academics seeking fundingfor their research projects.

DoRI combines the expertise of a ResearchSupport Office, UWS Ventures Ltd and theTechnium Initiative.

RESEARCH SUPPORT OFFICE

The Research Support Office provides adviceand guidance to all University staff in thedevelopment, management and diversificationof their research and consultancy activity. It

advises the University on strategic andemerging European projects and is responsiblefor developing close working relationships withexternal sponsors, including partners emanatingfrom industry, the European Union and the UKpublic sector.

It is responsible for providing a comprehensiveadministrative support service to researchinvestigators and other project managersinvolved in external consultancy.

The value and remit of these contracts isextremely diverse, ranging from the smallesttravel award through to cutting edge multi-million pound collaborative projects.

The office also helps academics to preparesuccessful grant applications, and continues tosupport staff after awards have been granted.It provides a range of services and facilities toassist staff in monitoring progress, ensuring thatall financial claims are submitted on schedule.

UWS VENTURES LTD

UWS Ventures Limited is a wholly-ownedsubsidiary of the University. Incorporated in1998, it delivers first class solutions toentrepreneurs, SMEs and multi-nationalcorporations by helping them to exploit andfoster the intellectual property and know-howof the University to the benefit of industry andthe community.

Formed in the recognition that real progressand innovation take place at the boundarieswhere teaching and research intersect withindustry and business, UWS Ventures has animpressive track record underpinned bydepth of expertise.

It is responsible for the commercialisation ofIntellectual Property Rights (IPR) created throughUniversity research, consultancy and teachingactivities. It works closely with schools toidentify and protect IPR, then transfercommercially valuable IPR to industry throughappropriate commercial agreements andcontracts. This enables academic expertise tobe transferred to the marketplace in a fast andstreamlined manner.

UWS Ventures currently manages a large anddiverse patent portfolio on behalf of theUniversity. This level of success has created the

For information on the activities ofthe Department of Research andInnovation please contact:

Ceri Jones (Research Support Office)

[email protected]

Barry Wanless (UWS Ventures)

[email protected]

Professor Marc Clement (Technium Initiative)

[email protected]

TechniumPerformanceEngineering

Aquaculture

TechniumSustainableTechnologies

Technium Swansea

TechniumEnergy

Technium Digital

Institute of AdvancedTelecommunications

Institute of Life Science

TechniumDigital @

Sony

School of ArtsHead of School - Professor Kevin Williamswww.swansea.ac.uk/arts

The newly formed School of Arts brings research expertise across the languages, media andcommunication studies, applied linguistics and English. It is building a vibrant interdisciplinaryresearch environment with researchers engaged in work of international quality, based onparticular strengths in German, Welsh and Hispanic Studies, which were rated at 5 in RAE 2001and French, Italian and English which gained a 4 rating. Other research areas have beendeveloped in the last five years, which, together with the established research areas, form adynamic, rich and diverse culture that supports researchers and postgraduate research students.

Researchers in the School work in collaboration with each other, anchored in a number ofinterdisciplinary research groups such as the Centre for Research into Gender in Society andCulture (GENCAS), Centre for Research into the English Literature and Language of Wales (CREW)and the newly formed Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies. The School is presently inthe process of developing new research initiatives such as the Centre for Media History and theRichard Burton Centre, which will foster world-class research on the cultural experience of SouthWales as well as enhance the cultural life of the community and promote lifelong learning within it.As part of a thriving research culture the School is hosting a series of international conferences in2006-7 including Engaging Baudrillard, European Cinema Research Forum’s ‘Films WithoutFrontiers’, and Transatlantic Exchange: African Americans and the Celtic Nations.

The School attracts a range of scholars from across the academic community in Britain and Irelandas well as in North America, Europe and the Far East. The Erasmus Mundus programme inJournalism is an example of how the School has enhanced its links with other universities, in thiscase Amsterdam, Arhus and Hamburg, in the development of postgraduate provision, which hasincluded staff exchange. Such initiatives have assisted the development of a diverse and informedresearch culture as well as enhancing the experience of research staff and research students. TheSchool has nearly 50 research students from all over the world.

Research within the school has been funded by various bodies, including the Arts and HumanitiesResearch Council, the British Academy, the Economic and Social Research Council, the WelshLanguage Board, Institute of Linguists and the European Union. One example is an award fromthe AHRC under its Resource Enhancement Scheme to take forward the Anglo-Norman Online Hub(www.anglo-norman.net), which is already an important resource for research into the languages,history and culture of Britain from the Norman Conquest to the late 15th century.

Professor Kevin Williams

Head, School of Arts

School of

Arts

13

between 1935 and 1951, this book wasdescribed as a ‘robustly historical view ofWelsh cinematic heritage . . . the first socialand industrial study of the formative years ofthe genre in Wales’ by the New WelshReview and reached the shortlist of theAcademy of Wales, Book of the YearCompetition in 2005.

THE REPORTING OF WAR ANDCONFLICT

Dr Andrew Hoskins is co-director - alongsideProfessor James Gow of King's CollegeLondon - of a £140,000 ESRC-funded projectentitled Shifting Securities: News CulturesBefore and Beyond the 2003 Iraq War. Thisresearch uses the Iraq War as a trigger toinvestigate how new security challenges arerepresented and interpreted in the intersectionsbetween government and the military, newsproducers, and increasingly fragmented newsaudiences.

Dr Hoskins is also the deputy director of theCallaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict (seepage 161). The Centre was established in2002 with the remit ‘to facilitate, co-ordinateand financially support the interdisciplinarystudy of conflict’. Dr Hoskins’ Televising War:From Vietnam to Iraq was published byContinuum in 2004.

MEDIA THEORY AND HISTORY

Other members of staff make similarlysignificant contributions to media scholarship.William Merrin contributed a chapter on JeanBaudrillard to the book Cultural Theory (2004)and his own book Jean Baudrillard: A CriticalIntroduction to his Media Theory was publishedby Polity Press in 2005. Mr Merrin is a co-organiser of the conference EngagingBaudrillard to be held at Swansea inSeptember 2006

The book, Understanding Media Theory(2003) by Professor Kevin Williams, aleading authority on media theory and history,was published by Hodder Arnold. He has alsorecently published European Media Studies(2005) and written several articles on thehistory of Anglo-American journalism and masscommunications in the 1930s. With colleaguesin Aberystwyth, the Centre established aregular Media History conference in 2005and the next conference will be held inGregynog in Mid Wales in 2007 on thetheme of media and time. Professor Williams iscurrently writing A History of the BritishNewspaper for Routledge.

For further information, please contact

Dr Owen Evans

[email protected]


MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

The Department of Media and Communicationhas research groupings based around

• European cinema, with particular emphasison German, Spanish and Welsh cinema;

• the reporting of war and conflict; and

• media theory and history, with particularemphasis on Jean Baudrillard.

EUROPEAN CINEMA

Dr Owen Evans is editorial director of thejournal Studies in European Cinema, whichhe co-founded in 2002 with ProfessorGraeme Harper (Head of the Department ofCreative Arts and Media at PortsmouthUniversity). The two also founded theEuropean Cinema Research Forum (ECRF),which has a worldwide membership andwhose annual conference will be in Swanseain summer 2006.

Dr Evans’ book Mapping the Contours ofOppression: Subjectivity, Truth and Fiction inRecent German Autobiographical Treatmentsof Totalitarianism was published by Rodopiin 2006.

Dr Rob Stone’s work on the Spanish film-maker Julio Medem was supported by a grantfrom the British Academy and the award ofresearch leave from the AHRC. This book,which includes many original interviews with itssubject and many of his collaborators, will bepublished in English by Manchester UniversityPress in 2006. A Spanish version will bepublished with the title Julio Medem: La simetríádel azar by Ocho y Medio, Madrid. Inparallel with the research and writing of thisbook, Dr Stone was curator by invitation of aspecial Basque Cinema Season at theNational Film Theatre in 2004, where, inaddition to programme selection andconsultation, he contributed programme notes,presented films and chaired a round tablediscussion on the subject of terrorism and film.

Dr Stone was also commissioned to contributefilm notes to the Metro-Tartan DVD releases ofthe films of Julio Medem and a special full-

length commentary to Basque Ball, thedirector’s documentary on the Basque Country.In 2006 Dr Stone also completed the BritishAcademy funded Networks project entitledScreening Identities: The Reconfiguration ofIdentity Politics in Contemporary EuropeanCinema, which was run in conjunction with DrPaul Cooke of the University of Leeds. Thisproject promoted collaborative work betweenresearchers working in European film studies inBritain, Poland, the Czech Republic, Spain andthe USA. A number of conferences, workshops,exchanges and visits are in progress, as wellas two edited journals. Dr Stone has alsopublished articles and chapters in edited bookson a range of topics including magic realism inCuban cinema, a comparative analysis ofCuban and Basque documentaries, thetradition and symbolism of cruelty to animals inHispanic cinema, Spanish film noir, gender inSpanish cinema, Surrealism in Spanish cinemaand a book entitled Flamenco in the Works ofFederico García Lorca and Carlos Saura(Edwin Mellen, 2004).

Dr Gwenno Ffrancon is co-founder and co-director of the Cyfrwng Welsh media project,(www.cyfrwng.com), which is now in its thirdyear and boasts a worldwide membership.Moreover, Dr Ffrancon is co-editor of Cyfrwng:Media Wales Journal – Cyfnodolyn CyfryngauCymru with Dr James Thomas. Dr Ffranconalso published Cyfaredd y Cysgodion:Delweddu Cymru a'i Phobl ar Ffilm in 2003.An analysis of the history of film in Wales

14 School of Arts


ENGLISHThe Department of English is home to tworesearch centres: The Centre for Research intothe English Literature and Language of Wales(CREW) and the Centre for Research intoGender and Culture in Society (GENCAS).The research interests of these centres aredetailed on pages 20 and 21. Outside theresearch centres, staff are actively engaged ina variety of research areas.

The Head of English, Dr Rob Penhallurickhas contributed to several prestigiouspublications, including The Handbook ofVarieties of English (Mouton de Gruyter,2004), The Penguin Atlas of British & IrishHistory (2001), the second edition ofLanguage in the British Isles (CambridgeUniversity Press, forthcoming), and The OxfordHistory of English Lexicography (OUP,forthcoming). He was an invited speaker atthe latest colloquium on the Celtic Englishes atthe University of Potsdam in September 2004,and has been an active contributor to thenationwide `Voices’ project of the BBC. He iscurator of the Department's Archive of WelshEnglish, which houses an extensive collectionof audio recordings and transcriptions. It ishoped that the archive’s valuable audiorecordings will be digitised and that aselection will be made available online.

Professor Caroline Franklin was awarded apersonal chair in March 2005 and gave herinaugural lecture on ‘Byron, History andLibertinism’ in March 2006. In October2004 she was invited to speak on‘Wollstonecraft and Iolo Morganwg’ at theseminar programme of the University of WalesAdvanced Centre for Welsh and CelticStudies (National Library of Wales,Aberystwyth), and was an invited speaker atthe ‘South West Interdisciplinary RomanticismLink’ symposium held at the University ofBristol. Professor Franklin was a plenaryspeaker at the University of Nottinghamconference on ‘Romantic Correspondences’,lecturing on ‘Correspondences betweenWalter Scott, Byron and the Edinburgh

16 School of Arts

Review’ and, in February 2006, gave fivelectures in India, including two as plenaryspeaker at the International Conference onRomanticism at Jadavpur University, Kolkat,where she lectured on ‘Byron and History’ and‘Byron and Austen’.

Her most recent monograph is MaryWollstonecraft: A Literary Life (2004), whichwas published in paperback version in March2006. In addition to recently publishedessays, her reprint edition, Women Travellers1750-1850 (6 volumes) in the Routledgeseries ‘Feminism: Major Works’, is publishedin 2006. In 2005 she became AssistantEditor of Women’s Writing.

Dr Michael Franklin was approached bythe internationally renowned scholar ofcomparative linguistics, and foremost worldexpert on Sir William Jones, ProfessorGarland Cannon, to co-author an articlewhich would constitute his ‘last word onWilliam Jones’, and which would stress Jones’Welsh ancestry. This interdisciplinarycollaboration was conducted via emailbetween Texas and Swansea, and theresulting article was published in 2005.

Following this international cooperation, andDr Franklin’s publishing of a newly-discoveredJones letter, Professor Cannon also suggesteda collaboration on a supplementary editionof Jones’ letters which have come to light inthe last 35 years. This will be a highlysignificant project in improving ourknowledge and understanding of the work ofJones, the Welshman who re-shaped Westernperceptions of India and the Orient.

Dr Franklin was also invited to give twokeynote lectures at the annual InternationalConference on Romantic literature atJadavpur University, Kolkat, in 2006. Helectured at Banaras Hindu University andaddressed the Asiatic Society, established bySir William Jones in 1784. He is cited onThe Norton Anthology of English Literaturewebsite: Norton Topics Online as ‘the bestmodern editor and scholar of Jones' works’.

Professor Helen Fulton has produced anedition of medieval Welsh poems as part ofa larger editorial project, and has acontinuing interest in theories of manuscriptediting. Most of her work is motivated by anattention to ideology and economic poweras determinants in cultural production, bothmedieval and modern, and recentpublications on Chaucer and on modernmedia narratives articulate these concerns.Professor Fulton's areas of teaching andresearch are medieval English and Welshliteratures and languages, the discourse andcultural theory, and the twentieth-centuryliteratures of Wales and Ireland. She has aparticular interest in medieval Welsh poetryand the relationships between English andWelsh literary cultures in the Middle Ages.Her current projects include a study of therepresentation of towns in medieval Britishliterature (The Medieval Town Imagined:Representations of Urban Culture in MedievalBritish Literature), poems of the medievalWelsh nobility, and a study of political andprophetic poetry in Britain in the fourteenthand fifteenth centuries (The Prophecy of theKing: Literature and Politics in the Wars ofthe Roses).

Dr John Goodby researches and publisheson modern British poetry, Irish literature andculture since 1940, and Dylan Thomas. Heis the author of Irish poetry since 1950: fromstillness into history (2000) and haspublished a collection of poems, ABirmingham Yank (Arc Publications, 1998),and a translation of Heinrich Heine'sGermany: A Winter’s Tale. He is currentlyconducting AHRC-funded research for amonograph on The Critical Fates of DylanThomas for Seren Books.

CREATIVE WRITING

Since its inception in 2003, thegroundbreaking Creative Writing Programmeat Swansea has gone from strength tostrength, offering a wide spectrum of skillsand research dialogue across the genres.

In 2006, Course Director and fiction tutor,Dr Stevie Davies, FRSL, and poetry tutor,Nigel Jenkins, were joined by fictionspecialist, novelist and critic, Dr FflurDafydd, and by the internationallyrenowned playwright and radio dramatist,David Britton. The expansion of CreativeWriting staff has enabled a research culturethat actively explores the interrelationshipsbetween disciplines. The establishment in2005 of a PhD via the path of CreativeWriting allows the University to capitalise onthis synergy.

The team includes teacher-writers of statureand experience. Dr Davies’ novel, TheElement of Water (2001), which was long-listed for the Booker and Orange Prizes, wonthe Arts Council of Wales Book of the Year;Kith & Kin (2004) was on the Orange longlist. Nigel Jenkins, co-editor of theforthcoming Academi Encyclopaedia ofWales (2006), is the author of some halfdozen collections of poetry and of the travelbook Gwalia in Khasia (1995), which wonthe Arts Council of Wales Book of the Yearaward in 1996. David Britton is eminent inthe field of drama and radio drama, and DrFflur Dafydd is a young writer of versatilityand originality, who publishes poetry, fictionand drama in English and Welsh. Her mostrecent works are the stage plays, Hugo(2003) and Helfa Drysor (Treasure Hunt,2006), and the novel, Lliwiau Liw Nos(Colours By Night, 2005).

Swansea is especially proud of theintellectual rigour of its programme andresearch culture. Dr Davies and Mr Jenkinsare engaged in scholarly research in thefields of literary criticism, history, feminismand Welsh studies, a scholarly experiencethat has enabled them to situate theirresearch programme in an ethos bothcreative and academic.

The programme has links with A M Heath,Welsh presses and publishers such as Faberand Weidenfeld & Nicholson, who havecommissioned two new novels from DrDavies: The Eyrie is to be published inFebruary 2007. Into Suez, is an historicalnovel set in Egypt during the early 1950sand leading up to the Suez Crisis. This workis still being researched and is due to bepublished in 2008.

Encyclopaedia of Wales

Award-winning poet Nigel Jenkins is wellknown in Wales and internationally and is afrequent performer of his work. Hotel Gwales,a collection of poems, published by GomerPress in 2006, is his first collection of poetry innearly four years and contains some 80poems varying in length from a three-line haikuto an extended meditation of 400 lines. Thecollection again demonstrates his trademarkexperimentation with form whilst exploringWelsh themes and references, ancient andmodern.

Nigel Jenkins is also editing (with John Daviesand Menna Baines) The AcademiEncyclopaedia of Wales and GwyddoniadurCymru yr Academi Gymreig, which is duefrom the University of Wales Press in Autumn2006.

The Encyclopaedia of Wales will be ascholarly, readable and entertaining mine ofinformation on all things Welsh – not only thenation’s people and places, but her historyand languages, her arts, religions,organisations, social movements, industries,politics, sports, pastimes and continuingtraditions.

It will comprise over 3,000 entries totalling700,000 words, with 300 black and whiteillustrations. Between “Aaron” and “Zobole”readers will find as much of Wales’encyclopaedic being as space permits,packing into one volume categories ofnational life – people, places and subjects –which have been dealt with previously only asseparate works, and thereby proposing manynew and interesting relationships.

This pioneering work has been initiated andmanaged by the Welsh Academy and fundedby a major grant from the Arts Council’s Lottery


Deputy director of GENCAS and lecturer inGender in English Studies, Dr Liz HerbertMcAvoy, has appeared on Radio 4'sWoman's Hour to discuss her edited volumeof essays on the subject of anchoriticenclosure in the Middle Ages - Anchorites,Wombs and Tombs: Intersections of Genderand Enclosure in the Middle Ages. DrMcAvoy was interviewed about theextraordinary prevalence of voluntary femaleenclosure during the later Middle Ages inwestern Europe, and gendered differencesbetween the anchoritic guidance textscomposed for men and for women recluseswhich comprise the focus of her currentresearch activity.

Glyn Pursglove has interests in severalareas of English poetry (particularly that ofthe 17th and 20th centuries) and in aspectsof bibliography and textual scholarship. Hisrecent publications include editions of the17th-century poets William Gamage (2002)and Sir John Stradling (2003).

Romanticism and critical theory are theresearch interests of Dr Steven Vine. InRomanticism his focus is on William Blakeand Romantic versions of the sublime; incritical theory it is on psychoanalysis and thepostmodern, and his work examines theinteraction between these two fields. Recentpublications include Literature inPsychoanalysis: a Practical Reader (Palgrave,2004), and articles on Blake, Lyotard andthe sublime (2002), and Mary Shelley, Kantand the sublime (forthcoming). He is writing

a British Council 'Writers and their Work'volume on William Blake, and is building aproject on the Romantic sublime and itssignificance for recent theoretical readings ofRomanticism.

Neil Reeve has completed a study of thenovels of Elizabeth Taylor for the Writers andtheir Work series and has commenced workon the Cambridge edition of Lawrence's TheVicar's Garden and Other Stories.

In July 2005, Dr John Turner gave theMadeleine Davis Memorial Lecture to theSquiggle Foundation, which specializes inpsychoanalysis and Winnicott studies. Histitle was ‘A brief history of spontaneity’.

Assistant director of CREW, Dr DanielWilliams, published his monograph, Ethnicityand Cultural Authority: from Matthew Arnoldto W. E. B. Du Bois, in 2005 as the flagshipvolume in a new and innovative series on‘Transatlantic Literatures’ from EdinburghUniversity Press. Dr Williams’ book centreson four Victorian ‘men of letters’ - MatthewArnold, William Dean Howells, WB Yeatsand WEB Du Bois - who drew on notions ofethnicity as a basis from which to assert theircultural authority. In comparative closereadings of these figures, Dr Williamsaddresses several key areas of contemporaryliterary and cultural debate. The bookquestions the notion of ‘the West’ as itappears and re-appears in the formulationsof postcolonial theory, challenges thewidespread tendency to divide nationalisminto ‘civic’ and ‘ethnic’ forms, and forces itsreaders to reconsider what they mean whenthey talk about ‘culture’, ‘identity’ and‘national literature’. With AHRC funding, DrWilliams has completed a study of culturalconnections between African Americans andthe Welsh. It will appear in late 2006 asTransatlantic Exchange: African Americansand the Welsh 1845-1945 in the CREWseries of monographs published by theUniversity of Wales Press, under theeditorship of the English Department’sProfessor M Wynn Thomas.

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CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO THEENGLISH LITERATURE ANDLANGUAGE OF WALES (CREW)(Distinguished Associates: Gillian Clarke,Seamus Heaney, Emyr Humphreys)

CREW was established to co-ordinateresearch in an area of study that has grownin importance with the creation of a separateWelsh Assembly. The cultural distinctivenessof Wales was, for 1,500 years, intrinsicallybound up with the Welsh language and itsoutstanding literary tradition centring onBarddas, a rich body of strict metre writingunique to Wales. But the twentieth-centurysaw the emergence not only of English as a“majority” Welsh language but also aliterature in English that was the product ofan anglophone yet distinctively Welshculture. Defining figures in this literature haveranged from Dylan Thomas through DavidJones and Raymond Williams to R.S.Thomas,Dannie Abse, Emyr Humphreys and GillianClarke. At the beginning of the twenty-firstcentury, this literature may be seen both ascomplementing the other non-Englishliteratures of contemporary Ireland, NorthernIreland and Scotland, and as a localinstance of the worldwide proliferation ofpostcolonial literatures in English.

The Centre is home to a range of researchmaterials: the David Parry Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects, a unique resource fordialectologists and socio-linguists that isbeing digitised (2006) and attracts scholarlyresearchers from Continental Europe; thepapers of three major writers, Ron Berry, AlunRichards and the great cultural theoristRaymond Williams (all acquired in 2006);and BWLET (The Bibliography of WelshLiterature in English Translation – a major Artsand Humanities project placed online in2002 and published in 2005). Itsprogramme of research includes more thanthirty publications (from the firstcomprehensive history of Welsh Writing inEnglish to a series of critical monographs,four of which have appeared, two are due in2006 and two in 2007); the WelshAcademy’s Encyclopaedia of Wales (2007);and the Welsh Assembly Government’s

flagship cultural project, the Library of Wales(recently launched at the Welsh MillenniumCentre, the Times-Warner Centre in NewYork; and the United Nations building).

The Centre is directed by Professor M.Wynn Thomas, a Fellow of the BritishAcademy, a Fellow of the English Associationand currently Chair of the Welsh BooksCouncil. Professor Thomas is a specialist inAmerican poetry and in the two literatures ofmodern Wales. He has held visitingprofessorships at Harvard and at Tubingen,was Chairman of the Welsh Arts Council'sLiterature Committee for five years, and hasacted as Chairman of the Welsh Academyof Writers, Yr Academi Gymreig, becominga Fellow of the Academy in 2000 andreceiving the highest honour of the NationalEisteddfod of Wales in 2000. The twentybooks of which he is author/editor includethe prize-winning Morgan Llwyd: ei gyfeilliona'i gyfnod (1991), The Lunar Light ofWhitman's Poetry (1987), Internal Difference:Writing in Twentieth Century Wales (1992),Corresponding Cultures: The Two Literaturesof Modern Wales (1999), 'The Page's Drift':R.S.Thomas at Eighty (1993) and DiFfinioDwy Lenyddiaeth Cymru (1995).

Recent books include a study of Welshculture in the century of America (2001), amonograph on the poet and dramatistKitchener Davies (2002), a joint publicationwith the novelist Emyr Humphreys (2002),Residues (posthumous poems of R. S. Thomas(2003)) and Welsh Writing in English(2004), the first authoritative survey of thisbody of literature. Iowa University Press hasjust published Professor Thomas' study ofWalt Whitman's poetry in the context of boththe US and the UK (2005). Until recentlyChair of the University of Wales Press,Professor Thomas is at present Chair of theWelsh Books Council Grants to PublishersPanel and is the executor of R. S. Thomas'unpublished literary estate.

Assistant director is Dr Daniel Williams,who is pioneering the study of Welsh writingin English in a Transatlantic context. Seniorstaff include the Raymond Williams Chair ofWelsh Cultural History, Dai Smith (former


Unit. The Encyclopaedia should prove a vitalwork of reference in libraries throughout theworld as well as an indispensable andaccessible source of information and diversionfor general readers at home and abroad.

Nigel Jenkins has other works in progress,including Real Swansea, a 65,000-wordpersonal account of Wales’ second city, dueto be published in 2007 by Seren Books; acollection of 100 haiku to be published byPlanet Books in 2007 and a 20,000-wordbook about Gower, in collaboration with thephotographer David Pearl, to be published byGomer Press probably in 2008.


Professor Caroline Franklin

[email protected]

CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO GENDERIN CULTURE AND SOCIETY (GENCAS)

GENCAS, located within the Englishdepartment, brings together the researchstrengths of scholars in the Arts, Humanities andSocial Sciences. The Centre’s interests rangefrom classical and medieval culture to (English,European, American, postcolonial) women'swriting, masculinities, gender and sexuality;representations of gender in art, the media andfilm, and sociological investigations into genderand gender relations.

GENCAS organises a range of researchactivities, including seminars in the seriesWomen and Gender with contributions fromresearch students, staff, and visiting speakers.The Centre also organises annualinterdisciplinary symposia and triennialinternational conferences.

The launch of the Centre in 2003 was markedby an international conference, HystoricalFictions: Women, History and Authorship.Following this event, GENCAS was formallyincluded in the ACUME project; an internationalresearch network that investigates the topic of‘cultural memory’ within European nations. InNovember 2004 Professor Ann Heilmann, thethen director, and Dr Brigid Haines, seniorlecturer in the Department of German,participated in the ACUME-funded Mythologies,

Foundation Texts and Imagined Communitiesconference in Prague. Essays based on theirpapers were later published.

Following the departure of Professor Heilmannfrom the University in September 2005, a newdirector and deputy director for the Centre wereappointed, both newly-recruited specialists in thefield of English Literature and Gender Studies.The director, Dr Sarah Gamble, is a specialistin the writing of the contemporary authorAngela Carter, on whose work she haspublished a biographical study entitled AngelaCarter: A Literary Life (Palgrave Press, 2006).The Deputy Director is Dr Liz Herbert McAvoy(see page 18).

Dr Samuel A. Chambers, Politics: Best PaperAward for the Foundations of Political Theorysection at the annual conference of theAmerican Political Science Association for'The Alterity of the Present: Revisiting theCloset' (2005).

Dr Susan Harrow, French: Publication of amonograph entitled Zola: The Body Modern:Pressures and Prospects of Representation(forthcoming), with research sponsored byAHRC funding.

For further information please visit:www.swansea.ac.uk/english/gender

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GERMANThe German Department was one of ahandful of UK German Departments to beawarded a ‘5’ in the last national ResearchAssessment Exercise in 2001.

CENTRE FOR CONTEMPORARYGERMAN LITERARTURE

The Department hosts the Centre forContemporary German Literature which isunique to Wales and makes an importantcontribution to German Studies in Britain andEurope. Founded in 1993 and directed byProfessor Rhys Williams, the Centre promotescontemporary German, Swiss and Austrianauthors in Wales and in Britain, and provides a stimulus for research into their works.

The Centre hosts visits from writers andacademics and organises conferences on theirwork. The results are published in a series ofmonographs by the University of Wales Press.Past visitors have included Peter Schneider,Volker Braun and Herta Müller, while the mostrecent published volumes are on ZaferSenocak, edited by Dr Tom Cheesman andKarin E. Yeflilada, and on Hans-Ulrich Treichel,edited by Dr David Basker. The Centre’svolume on the works of Jewish-German authorEsther Dischereit, edited by Dr Katharina Hall,is nearing completion. Esther Dischereit visitedthe Centre in summer 2003; a video of areading she gave while in Swansea can beviewed on the Department’s website.Forthcoming volumes are devoted to the work ofUwe Timm, F. C. Delius and Feridun Zaimoglu.

STAFF PROFILES

Dr Hilary Brown joined the Department inNovember 2005 after spending two yearsdoing postdoctoral research in Berlin fundedby the Leverhulme Trust. Her research focuseson German women’s writing from theseventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, andshe is particularly interested in how earlywomen’s writing in Germany fits into the widercontext of European literary history. Her bookBenedikte Naubert (1756-1819) and herRelations to English Culture (2005) uses theexample of the writer Benedikte Naubert toexamine the part played by women writers inAnglo-German cultural relations around 1800.

The study asks whether women – as readers,translators, and authors – were particularlyreceptive to the work of other women, andwhether a cross-cultural female literary traditionemerged during the period. Dr Brown has alsopublished a number of articles comparingwomen writers in Germany and Britain. She iscurrently working on women and translation inthe early modern period.

Dr David Basker’s research focuses onliterature and politics in the post-war period,particularly the works of Wolfgang Koeppen,and post-unification literature. His recentvolume Hans-Ulrich Treichel is the first book tobe devoted to this author who has enjoyedhuge popular and critical success since thepublication of his first major prose work, DerVerlorene (translated into English as Lost), in1998. This work is a poignant re-working ofan experience through which Treichel’s ownfamily went towards the end of the SecondWorld War. Treichel has quickly developed aliterary reputation in Germany for writing thatis readable, humorous and yet challenging,and this volume, containing critical essays, afull bibliography and an interview with theauthor, is an invaluable tool for both thegeneral reader and specialists.

Dr Basker is currently preparing a furthervolume in the Contemporary German Writersseries on Uwe Timm. In collaboration withProfessor Williams he is also preparing aproject on German writers and the studentmovement, which will result in a monograph.

Dr Tom Cheesman is an authority on TurkishGerman literature. He directed a multi-disciplinary team of researchers ontransnational cultures in Britain and Germany(ESRC-funded “Axial Writing” project, 1998-2001, rated ‘Excellent’). He co-edited thevolume on Zafer Senocak, the first to bedevoted to this leading Turkish-born Germanintellectual and author. A period of AHRC-funded research leave in 2004-5 enabled DrCheesman to complete a monograph entitledCosmopolite Fictions: Turkish German Novelsof Settlement. Due to appear in 2007, thisbook surveys fiction by some twenty Germanwriters of Turkish background, as well as byethnic German writers who depict Turkish


Head of BBC Wales and Pro-Vice-Chancellorof the University of Glamorgan), who is bothan eminent scholar and a distinguishedbroadcaster. The team of scholarsassociated with the Centre includes Dr J.A.Davies, a scholar of Welsh writing in Englishand, along with his fellow CREW member DrJohn Goodby, a Dylan Thomas specialist; DrRobert Penhallurick, a socio-linguist andspecialist in the English dialects of Wales;and the creative writers Dr Stevie Davies andNigel Jenkins.

CREW enjoys close cultural and academiclinks with Welsh Books Council, The ArtsCouncil of Wales, University of Wales Press,Welsh Academy of Writers, LiteraryPublishers Wales and Seren Books (thepremier publisher of Welsh writing inEnglish), as well as with the universities ofHarvard, Cambridge, Dublin City, Sydneyand Tübingen.


Professor M Wynn Thomas

[email protected]

or visit the Centre’s Website at:

www.swansea.ac.uk/english/crew/

WELSH

THE DAFYDD AP GWILYM PROJECT

The University is leading a five-year, AHRC-funded initiative to develop a websitecontaining a new edition of the poetry ofWales’ most renowned medieval poet,Dafydd ap Gwilym. The interdepartmentalproject provides a new, definitive guide to thepoet’s work and is led by Professor DafyddJohnston at Swansea. He shares the work ofediting the texts with Dr A. Cynfael Lake(also Swansea), Dr Huw Meirion Edwards ofthe University of Wales Aberystwyth, and DrDylan Foster Evans of Cardiff University.

It is expected that 170 poems will be includedin the full edition, separated into two sectionsaccording to the evidence for their authorship.The website will offer edited texts together with

modern Welsh paraphrase, English translationand detailed notes. The edited texts will drawon a number of different manuscript versions inorder to attempt to come as close as possibleto the poet’s original words, whilst recognisingthat such an ideal is often unattainable due tothe complex transmission history of the poems.Transcriptions of the main manuscript texts foreach poem will be provided, together withdigitised images of the earliest manuscripts, sothat the user will have the opportunity to seehow the poems were preserved andexperienced by readers over the centuries.Recorded readings will give the non-Welshspeaker an idea what the poems sound like.

Professor Johnston is also the author of Llen yrUchelwyr: Hanes Beitniadol LlenyddiaethGymraeg, 1300-1525 (The literature of thenobility: a critical history of Welsh literature,1300-1525), the first comprehensive survey of“the Golden Age” of Welsh literature. Publishedin 2005, the book was shortlisted for the WelshBook of the Year.

Other notable successes include Dr ChristineJames, who was crowned 'Prifardd' at the2005 National Eisteddfod after receiving aglowing review from the competition's judges.Dr James used the works of Michelangeloand Andy Warhol as inspiration, reflecting onthe relationship between lines and colours inart. The judges described her poems as'exciting, rich in content, polished and overalla joy to read'.

Dr Mererid Hopwood is a prominent poetand the only woman to have won the Chairand Crown for poetry at the NationalEisteddfod. Her publications are Cerddi FanHyn (Gomer Press, 2002) and Singing inChains (Gomer Press, 2004).


Professor Dafydd Johnston

[email protected]

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Esther Dischereit

comparative literature (especially the Germanreception of Laurence Sterne), Marcel Proust,translation and translation studies, humanitiescomputing, and bibliography.

Dr Large’s most recent publication (edited withKeith Ansell Pearson) is The Nietzsche Reader(2005). Nietzsche’s impact on modern thoughtcannot be overstated. Generations have beeninfluenced by this controversial and excitingthinker whose work nourishes academic fieldsas diverse as philosophy, literary studies, andpolitical theory. This collection brings togetherin one volume substantial selections fromNietzsche’s complete oeuvre, including somenever before published in book form inEnglish. It also contains impressivepedagogical features, including editorialsections on Nietzsche’s life and importance,an introduction to his philosophical ideas,introductions to each major section of writings,and a comprehensive guide to further reading.Not only does the reader generously excerptall of Nietzsche’s major texts, it alsoshowcases selections from his lesser-knownwritings, including his early critiques OnSchopenhauer, Philosophy in the Tragic Age ofthe Greeks, and the seminal essay On Truthand Lies in a Nonmoral Sense. In addition,there are new translations of key pieces fromNietzsche’s unpublished notebooks of the1880s, including the first sketch of the doctrineof eternal recurrence, and the Lenzer Heidetext on European nihilism.

Dr Large is currently completing a monographentitled Nietzsche’s Renaissance Figures.

Professor Rhys Williams is an authority onGerman Expressionism and contemporaryGerman literature. Recent publications includearticles and book chapters on AlfredAndersch, Georg Kaiser, Gustav Landauer,Uwe Timm, Hans-Ulrich Treichel, MartinWalser, and Wilhelm Worringer. ProfessorWilliams is editor of the series ‘ContemporaryGerman Writers’ (University of Wales Press,since 1992).

Professor Williams has recently published achapter on the Short Prose of GermanExpressionism in the Camden HouseCompanion to the Literature of German

Expressionism. He is currently completing achapter on Sarah Kirsch for a research projecton exiled former East German writers,commissioned by the University of Dresden.He has also just completed a chapter on CarlSternheim for a volume on Anglo-Germanliterary perspectives on the First World War, tobe published by Camden House.

INTERNATIONAL LINKS

The Department hosts a regular ResearchSeminar where invited speakers from the UKand abroad give papers. Colleagues havealso organised the following internationalevents recently: the German AcademicExchange Service annual German Studiesconference in Dresden (Professor Williams),and the Women Translators conference at theCentre for Research into the EuropeanEnlightenment in Potsdam (Dr Brown).

Dr Large was the first overseas scholar invitedto the Kolleg Friedrich Nietzsche, Weimar,as Fellow in Residence. While there he gavethree public lectures. He has also givenfurther papers at conferences in Chicago,Lisbon, New York City and Tourtour (France).Dr Brown, Dr Haines and Professor Williamshave recently given invited papers toconferences in Wolfenbüttel, CeskéBudejowice and Prague, and Berlinrespectively. Dr Hall has been invited toparticipate in a two-week workshopconference ‘New approaches to the study ofYisker books’, to be held at the United StatesHolocaust Memorial Museum, WashingtonD.C., August 2006. Dr Cheesman has beeninvited to give two papers related to theLanguages Discovery Centre project (one ina panel on Community Arts and one in apanel on Cosmopolitanism) at the 6thCrossroads in Cultural Studies Conference(Istanbul, July 2006). His translation ofZwischen Winter und Winter, a volume ofhermetic poetry by Manfred Peter Hein, willappear in a quadrilingual edition inReykjavik, Iceland, in 2007.


Dr Brigid Haines

[email protected]


protagonists. It argues that the standard criticalterminology of “migrant literature” is outdated:the Turkish German “literature of settlement”now asserts achieved belonging to Germansociety and culture.

Dr Cheesman recently submitted a projectproposal to the AHRC programme on“Diasporas, Migration and Identities”. Hisproject, “Languages Discovery Centre Wales”,is designed and will be executed incollaboration with the National Museum ofWales. It will investigate the recent andongoing shift in Welsh society, culture andpolitical thought from “bilingual Wales” to“multilingual Wales”, due to ever more diverseimmigration. The project aims to layfoundations for an innovative public institutiondedicated to raising awareness of global andlocal language diversities, and to encouraginglanguage learning.

Dr Katharina Hall specialises in GünterGrass, Jewish-German literature andcontemporary German literature. She is afounder member of MEICAM (ModernEuropean Ideologies, Conflict and Memory),the School of Arts research group which holdsregular seminars and is hosting a majorinternational conference in Swansea in 2007on the theme of memory.

Dr Hall’s monograph Günter Grass’ ‘DanzigQuintet’: Explorations in the Memory andHistory of the Nazi Era from ‘Die Blechtrommel’to ‘Im Krebsgang’ will appear in 2006. Thisstudy extends the long-established notion ofGrass’ ‘Danzig Trilogy’ to that of the ‘DanzigQuintet’, a literary project which explores theevolution of Germany’s relationship to its Nazipast over a period of forty years. Dr Halldraws on psychoanalytic theory to examine thedifferent conceptualisations of memory withinthe quintet, focusing in particular on theinterlocking recollections of its seven first-personnarrators. Care is taken to place each part ofthe quintet in the historical context of its momentof production, and the study concludes with anexamination of the recent controversysurrounding Grass’ exploration of the memoryof German wartime suffering in Im Krebsgang.

Dr Hall is currently working on a monograph

entitled Detecting the Past: The History andMemory of the Nazi era in German andAnglo-American Detective Fiction, forcompletion in 2010.

Dr Brigid Haines specialises in contemporarywomen’s writing and contemporary Germanwriting. She is a founder member ofGENCAS, the Centre for Research intoGender in Culture and Society, and is jointorganiser of a major international conferenceto be held in Swansea in 2007 on the themeof widowhood.

Dr Haines’s monograph (with Margaret Littler),Contemporary Women’s Writing in German:Changing the Subject (2004), examines sixkey texts by contemporary women writers,using insights from poststructuralist and newmaterialist feminist theory. Both critics and theirsubjects, Ingeborg Bachmann, Christa Wolf,Elfriede Jelinek, Anne Duden, Herta Müller andEmine Sevgi Özdamar, cast a sceptical eyeover existing notions of subjectivity in relationto language, gender and race.

Dr Haines’s volume (with Lyn Marven) LibuseMoníková in Memoriam (2005) pays tribute tothe novelist and essayist Libuse Moníková(1945-1998) who made a unique contributionto German, Czech and world literature. Thisvolume, whose appearance marks whatwould have been the sixtieth anniversary ofher birth, is the first in-depth study of the workof this truly European writer. It containsspecially commissioned articles by Czech,German, US and British scholars, as well asan appreciation by her friend and fellow writerF.C. Delius, an English translation of one of herlast interviews, and the first comprehensivebibliography.

Dr Haines has recently applied for researchleave from the Arts and Humanities ResearchCouncil to work on her project, EnduringEmpires: History, Trauma and Identity in RecentGerman Writing from Eastern Europe.

Dr Duncan Large’s research interestsencompass Friedrich Nietzsche and FrenchNietzsche interpretation, Sarah Kofman andcontemporary critical theory, Austrianmodernist literature (especially Robert Musil,Hermann Broch, Arthur Schnitzler),

24 School of Arts

academics from around the world in thepresence of the writer, held at a historicchâteau in Normandy.

RESEARCH PROJECTS IN MEDIEVALFRENCH AND ANGLO-NORMAN

Dr Alison Williams studies both medievaland Renaissance literature. She iscollaborating with Dr Daron Burrows of theUniversity of Manchester to produce a three-volume edition of the previously unpublishedAnglo-Norman Vie de Seint Clement Pape.The project has won a grant from the BritishAcademy to purchase software and tofacilitate examination of the single manuscriptat Trinity College, Cambridge. The editionwill allow comparison with the widelydisseminated Latin Pseudo-ClementineRecognitions and demonstrate how thesource was manipulated for a vernacularaudience. Dr Williams is also conductingresearch into the influence of medicine on theworks of Francois Rabelais, and haspresented a paper on her work at the BritishComparative Literature Associationconference on Invention: Literature andScience, to be published in ModernLanguage Review.

The Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, a jointproject between the French Departments atSwansea and Aberystwyth, is in the secondyear of its AHRC-funded Phase 2. The Hubwas initially created to support thepreparation of a revised and expandededition of the Anglo Norman Dictionary, avital tool for researchers dealing with thelanguages and culture of medieval Britain,and also providing important input intocognate dictionaries of medieval Frenchbeing edited in Continental Europe and intothe etymological component of the OxfordEnglish Dictionary, Third Edition.

JOURNAL EDITING

Romance Studies (founded 1982) is jointlyedited by Dr Susan Harrow and EmeritusProfessor of Spanish Derek Gagen, incollaboration with Dr Elizabeth Emery (NewJersey). Colleagues from French, Italian andHispanic Studies in Swansea and in NewJersey are active on the editorial board,

which is supported in its mission byinternational advisory panels. The journal’sexpansion in North America has brought realoverseas impact, consolidating the stronginternational position of this journal now in its24th year.

Professor Derek Connon has been appointedFrench Editor for the Modern LanguageReview, one of the most distinguishedjournals in modern literature studies.

Recent appointments

Dr Kathryn Jones was appointed Lecturerin French in 2004, and launched heracademic career with a monograph entitledJourneys of Remembrance: Memories of theSecond World War in French and GermanLiterature, 1960-1980, and a series ofconference papers. She was invited tospeak at the University of Oxford in February2005 on issues of fantasy writing andaestheticisation in H.G. Adler’s Eine Reiseand Georges Perec’s W ou le souvenird’enfance. She presented work on theBataille de Paris in 1980s Maghrebi-Frenchnarratives at the 2005 Romance StudiesColloquium, and discussed ‘memory tourism’in 1960s and 1970s travelogues by Eastand West German writers at the conference‘Literature Travels: Literature and Cross-Cultural Exchange’ (British ComparativeLiterature Association).

In November 2005 she participated in theInternational Holocaust and Trauma Studiesconference, with an analysis of the evolvingreception of Holocaust fantasy narratives.Her current research is centred oncontemporary representations of the Algerianwar of independence in literature and film.Papers to be delivered in 2006 include ananalysis of Leïla Sebbar’s recent traveloguesand Franco-Algerian sites of memory at the‘Women and Environments: Space, Placeand Landscape’ conference to be held at theInstitute of Germanic and Romance Studies.


Professor Derek Connon

[email protected]


FRENCHThe Department of French is the largestlanguage department in the School of Arts,with twelve academic staff and four native-speaker lecteurs.

Monographs in the area of 18th-centuryFrench studies by Professor Derek Connon,and in the field of modern French poetry byDr Susan Harrow have received widecritical acclaim. Professor Connon’s Diderot'sEndgames (Peter Lang) is a major study of theworks of Diderot that seeks to clarify themeanings of his works by looking particularlyat their endings, which have traditionallybeen seen as ambiguous or even, in somecases, unsatisfactory. The study of the titles ofCouperin’s keyboard works, 'The Mirror ofHuman Life': Reflections on FrançoisCouperin's 'Pièces de Clavecin’, written incollaboration with musicologist Jane Clark,has been welcomed by musicians, and hasalready been quoted in the notes for pianistAngela Hewitt's recent Couperin recordings.Connon also gave a keynote paper on theinfluence on Couperin of the music of theParisian Fair theatres at a recent conferenceand workshop at the Handel HouseMuseum. His forthcoming monograph on thetheatrical works of Alexis Piron, Identity andTransformation in the Plays of Piron, has beenpreceded by the publication of two extractsin the British Journal for Eighteenth-CenturyStudies and the Modern Language Review.

‘Beautifully written’, ‘one of the best pieces ofscholarship on modernist poetry to appear inthe last twenty years’ and ‘a major reference-point for many years to come’, Dr Harrow’sThe Material, the Real and the Fractured Self(University of Toronto Press) explores thefascinating interrelation of subjectivity,materiality and representation in the poetryand related texts of Rimbaud, Apollinaire,Ponge and Réda. The completion of thisbook was supported by AHRC ExtendedLeave in 2002.

The winner of a second award under theAHRC Extended Leave Scheme (2005-06),Dr Harrow has recently completed a study ofthe novels of the French naturalist novelistEmile Zola. Entitled Zola, the Body

Modern: Pressures and Prospects ofRepresentation, the study argues that Zola’swriting – through the striking deployment oftropes of fragmentation, elision, self-reflexivity, dissolution – is more prospectivelymodern, even modernist, than critics havehitherto assumed.

CONFERENCES ANDCOLLABORATIONS

The work of Dr Nathalie Morello and DrCatherine Rodgers contibutes to researchinto gender studies. Dr Morello is writing abook on representations of bad mothers incontemporary French women’s writing, whileDr Rodgers is preparing an “Hommage àMarguerite Duras”, for the 10th anniversaryof her death, a collection of reflections byFrench writers on their relation with Duras.The collection was presented at thecolloquium ‘Marguerite Duras: desseins demémoire et d’oubli’ in Louvain in 2006.

Dr Rodgers is active in international Durasstudies, combining co-editorship of Bulletinde la Société Marguerite Duras, withfrequent conference appearances andinterviewing (most recently of Yann Andréa),to appear in the prestigious Minard series.Both researchers presented papers at aninternational conference on The Family inContemporary Culture and Theory (Universityof Durham, 2004), Dr Morello exploringchildhood and memory in LoretteNobécourt, and Dr Rodgers examining thedeconstruction of family narrative in Anne-Marie Garat. Both will be contributors tothe Women and Space conference to beheld at the Institute of Romance Studies,London, in October 2006.

Professor Andrew Rothwell has deliveredinvited papers at international conferences inFrance – one was at Carcassonne tocoincide with the opening of an exhibition ofthe work of artists (including Picasso, Braque,Juan Gris and other Cubists) with whom themodernist French poet Pierre Reverdy workedon collaborative projects; and another oncontemporary poet, art-critic and novelistBernard Noël was delivered in the 'Colloquede Cerisy' series, a week-long meeting of

26 School of Arts

to complete a monograph on visions of Peronin contemporary Argentine fiction.

Dr Davies and Emeritus Professor Derek Gagencontinue their editorial work on RomanceStudies. Professor Gagen’s research alsocentres on the poetry and drama of Spain inthe 20th century, particularly Rafael Alberti andBuero Vallejo, but he has also published onUnamuno, Antonio Machado, García Lorca,Gerardo Diego, Luis Cernuda and Blas deOtero. His most recent publications are anedition of Agustín de Foxá, Baile en capitanía(Madrid: Fundamentos, 2003); Esos laberintosde la conciencia: Buero Vallejo en la transicióny la democracia in Teatro y sociedad en laEspaña actual (Madrid: Iberoamericana,2003); and Rafael Alberti’s “Muerte y juicio”:Death, Judgement and the Poetry of Disbelief(Modern Language Review).

John Hall has published research on MedievalArthurian Literature in the Peninsula, seventeenth-century drama and prose, and various aspectsof 19th- and 20th-century Spanish andSpanish-American literature. He recentlypublished an edition of a novel by the Peruvianwriter Mario Vargas Llosa, and is working on astudy of Spanish Civil War novels.

Dr Elaine Canning‘s principal research areais seventeenth-century drama, with particularfocus on the metatheatrical properties of thecomedia and the concept of audiencereception. In 2005, Dr Canning spoke on theSpanish Golden-Age dramatist Lope de Vegaat the Mountain Interstate Foreign LanguageConference, Wake Forest University and haspublished a monograph entitled Lope deVega’s Comedias de tema religioso: Re-creations and Re-presentations (Woodbridge,Suffolk: Tamesis, 2004).

Dr Siân Edwards’ research focuses on issuesrelating to regionalism and national identity inSpain, with a special interest in Catalonia. HerPhD thesis examined the policies of theCatalan political parties to nationalism in theEuropean context. Recent publications includeA Short History of Catalonia (Welsh AcademicPress 2006).

In August 2005, Patricia RodríguezMartínez presented a paper on the

Colombian poet, Juan Zapata Olivella, at theSeventh International Conference onCaribbean Studies in Cartagena de las Indias,Colombia, while in September Antònia Babígave a paper at the annual conference of theInternational Association of the Teachers ofSpanish at the University of Oviedo (Spain).


Dr Elaine Canning

[email protected]

APPLIED LINGUISTICSThe Centre for Applied Language Studies(CALS) focuses on three major linked areas ofresearch in applied linguistics:

• linguistics and translation, a relatively newarea supported by appointments since the2001 RAE

• discourse analysis of language in themedia and language in education

• vocabulary learning and development in asecond or foreign language

The Centre has an international reputation inL2 vocabulary studies and maintains a largearchive of vocabulary related material(VARGA). CALS also publishes software andbibliographical materials useful to thosestudying in this area.

CALS, together with the School of Languagein UWE Bristol and the School of Educationin Reading, has won an ESRC researchaward: Models and Measures of VocabularyAcquisition, Knowledge and Use: TheInterface between Theory and Applications.This award follows directly from a previousaward by BAAL and CUP in 2004, wherethe same group collaborated in a workshopin Bristol. This gave rise to a number of majorpublications, including Modelling andAssessing Vocabulary Knowledge in the CUPApplied Linguistics series. The current awardwill involve the delivery of six seminars,including two in Swansea, focusing onlexical organisation in bilinguals, testing andteaching vocabulary in a second languagesetting, educational perspective of L1 and L2vocabulary development, interdisciplinary


ITALIANItalian has staff working in the areas ofcritical theory, history and cultural history. Dr Jonathan Smith is engaging in researchwhich aims to fill the gap in generalappraisal of the scope and significance ofUmberto Eco’s theoretical work in semiotics.His article ‘De te fabula narratur: narrativity,ethics, and psychoanalysis in the criticalthought of Umberto Eco’ will appear inForum for Modern Language Studies in2006. Current work concerns the way Eco'searliest work in semiotics responds to thegrowth of the media, and especiallytelevision, in Italy during the 1950s and1960s, and its debts to American pragmatistphilosophies of Pierce and Dewey.

Dr Jane Dunnett is researching thecensorship and translation of foreign literaturein fascist Italy. She is also working on crimefiction, investigating the link betweenimported novels and the genesis of a newliterary genre in Italy between the wars. Thiswas the subject of a paper, which she gaveat the University of North Carolina in April2005. Recent publications include an essay,'Anti-fascism and literary criticism in post-warItaly: Revisiting the mito americano', thatappeared in an edited volume, Culture,Censorship and the State in Twentieth-Century Italy (Legenda) in 2005.

Dr Jonathan Dunnage is researching thepolicing of fascist Italy in relation to otherright-wing dictatorships, and an article is dueto appear in Crime, Histoire etSociétés/Crime, History and Society in2006. He was co-organizer of the annualconference of the Association for the Study ofModern Italy (ASMI) on the theme of ‘Italy atwar, 1935-2005' in November 2005, andof a session on ‘Representations of the policein the mid-20th century’ at the EuropeanSocial Science History conference inAmsterdam, March 2006.

Drs Dunnage and Dunnett were among thefounder members of a School of Artsresearch group (MEICAM - ModernEuropean Ideologies, Conflict and Memory)in 2005, which holds a regular researchseminar programme including important

external speakers, and hosts a conference onthe relationship between memory, politicsand historiography in September 2007.

Professor Gino Bedani, who retired inSeptember 2004, continues to contribute to theItalian research environment. He is currentlycompleting a history of post-war Italy forOxford University Press, as well as researchingin the field of medieval Italian history. At theend of 2005 two of his research students,Huw Thomas and Giuseppe Vatalaro, wereawarded doctorates in the fields of 'the ItalianConstituent Assembly and religious freedom'and 'the de-ideologization of the ItalianCommunist Party.’


Dr Jonathan Dunnage

[email protected]

HISPANIC STUDIESThe Hispanic Studies staff at Swansea areactive in many areas of research, fromlinguistics to Latin-American history, medievalballads to contemporary Catalan theatre. TheDepartment was rated “5” in the most recentResearch Assessment Exercise.

During 2005, Professor David George,Head of Hispanic Studies, has lectured atseveral academic institutions in Spain,focusing on the reception of foreign drama inearly-twentieth century Barcelona. He spokeat the University of Murcia on Hauptmannand on productions of Hauptmann, Ibsenand Shaw in Catalonia as part of PompeuFabra University in Barcelona’s PhDprogramme. He also delivered a paper onthe contemporary Catalan playwright SergiBelbel’s latest play at the First InternationalSymposium on Contemporary CatalanTheatre. He continues to be the HispanicEditor of the Modern Language Review and,in 2005, he convened the ContemporaryCatalan Theatre panel at the 50thanniversary Conference of the Association ofHispanists of Great Britain and Ireland.

Dr Lloyd Hughes Davies has obtained anAHRC Research Leave award to enable him

28 School of Arts

THE RICHARD BURTON CENTREThe Richard Burton Centre is a collaborationbetween the University and Neath-Port TalbotCouncil. It will foster research activity ofinternational excellence, enhance the culturallife of the community and promote life longlearning within it. To achieve this vision, theCentre will be shared between two sites, inPort Talbot and on Swansea University’s mainSingleton campus.

The Swansea University element of theRichard Burton Centre will deliver theresearch and preservation elements of theproject. The Centre will initiate world-classresearch on the cultural experience of SouthWales, drawing on the expertise of theUniversity’s researchers and uniquecollections (Richard Burton Collection, SouthWales Coalfield Collection, Welsh Writers inEnglish). These collections will also beaccommodated in the Centre, meetingmodern preservation standards, along withother major University humanities collectionssuch as the Wellcome Collection. There willalso be public spaces, including an archivereading room, other study and researchareas, dedicated provision for visitingscholars and for international colloquia, amulti-media display area, a film studio andinnovative teaching and research areas.

RICHARD BURTON COLLECTION

The Richard Burton Collection, donated tothe University by Sally Burton in May 2005,contains a wide variety of material. At itsheart are the diaries kept by Richard Burton,the majority dating from the period 1960-1983. In addition to the diaries there is alsoa series of correspondence files kept from theperiod around 1957 when Richard Burtonmoved to Switzerland, film posters from theperiod of 1953-1978 as well as otheraudiovisual material including audio andvideotapes of his performances and a largenumber of photographs, both formal filmshots and informal family photos. Thecollection contains part of Richard Burton’slibrary and a collection of gramophonerecords. This archive represents a resourcewhich has the capacity to draw to itdistinguished visiting scholars and to act as a

focus for research activity of internationalsignificance.

It is supervised and organised by aprofessionally qualified archivist, who ensuresthe long-term preservation of all formats ofmaterial in it. The University has considerableexperience in this area, along with the deliveryof web-based archive catalogues and thedigitisation of texts and images.

The Richard Burton Collection has excitingsynergy with the University’s other researchcollections, such as the South Wales CoalfieldCollection (see page 164) and the growingnumber of papers by Welsh writers in English.

The archive will serve as a catalyst for workcurrently done in the University in the areasof film, drama, writing and historicalresearch. It will serve as a focus for severaldegree programmes and a number ofresearch groups and activities. Amongst thedegree programmes would be MAs in WelshStudies and European Screen Studies whileresearch groups include the Centre forResearch into the English Literature andLanguage of Wales.

For further information, please contactProfessor Kevin Williams

[email protected]


approaches including the consideration ofvocabulary study in stylistics clinical linguisticsand forensic linguistics, models and conceptsin vocabulary study and orientations towardsthe future.

The vocabulary research group at Swanseais prominent in the theoretical modelling andpractical assessment of vocabularyknowledge. The annual CALS SummerSchool, primarily intended for researchstudents, is a popular feature of the Centre’sactivities. The CALS Research Group is afounder member of the M4AL research groupand also has formal research links with theUniversity of Barcelona, University of La Riojaand Concordia University, Montreal.Research work is sponsored by organisationsincluding the Institute of Linguists, ExpressPublishing (Newbury), S.aP Kazahkstan andthe Welsh Language Board.

Professor Paul Meara is Director of CALS'thriving Vocabulary PhD programme andResearch Group, Chair of the Institute ofLinguists Examinations Review Board, andwas elected a Fellow of the Royal Society ofArts in 2003. Recent publications in thejournal Applied Linguistics and elsewherehave developed a network model of lexicalacquisition and knowledge. Recent invitedplenaries given by Professor Meara haveincluded visits to Japan and Spain.

Dr Tess Fitzpatrick organises VocabularyResearch Group seminars and plays aleading role in PhD supervision andmanagement. Recent publications ininternational journals have focused onvocabulary testing and organisation of the L2mental lexicon.

Dr Geoff Hall is Assistant Editor of thejournal Language & Literature and publishedLiterature in Language Education withPalgrave Macmillan in 2005. Invited plenarytalks and staff seminars were given inPakistan and Sweden on language ineducation, as well as conference papers inPoland and Finland in 2006.

Dr Nuria Lorenzo-Dus has publishedarticles in recent years in Journal ofPragmatics and Media, Culture and Society,

with a book Broadcast Discourse in Englishdue for publication with Palgrave Macmillanin 2007, facilitated by an AHRC researchaward supporting sabbatical leave.

Dr Jim Milton is a member of the LanguageTechnology sub-committee of the Languages,Linguistics and Area Studies Board and of theBritish Council's management committee forEFL Innovation Awards. Recent researchpublications have explored school foreignlanguage vocabulary learning. Joint researchawards gained with UWE Bristol andReading will result in an edited volume andspecial journal issue on Modelling andAssessing Vocabulary Knowledge in 2007.Recent invited plenaries have been given forTESOL Arabia, in Poland and in Mexico.

Dr Chris Shei researches and publishes intranslation, corpus linguistics and computerassisted language learning. He supervises a growing group of Translation PhD researchstudents.

Dr Pius ten Hacken researches andpublishes in translation and computationallinguistics with a new book ChomskyanLinguistics and its Competitors due fromEquinox in 2007. Invited conference papersand plenaries have been given in Turin,Berlin, Sweden and Maastricht in 2005 and2006. Dr ten Hacken gained a BritishAcademy Conference grant for Terminology,Computing and Translation which heorganised in 2004.

Dr Cornelia Tschichold has mainlyresearched and published on ComputerAssisted Language Learning (CALL) sincejoining CALS in 2004.

For further information, please contactDr Geoff Hall

[email protected]

30 School of Arts

School of Business and EconomicsHead of School - Professor Andrew Henleywww.swansea.ac.uk/business

The School has a growing international expertise in a broad range of research areas covered byBusiness Management and Economics. The School has expanded rapidly in the last three years,with the appointment of a number of research leaders in the fields of Finance, Marketing,Organisational Studies and Economics.

The School has a thriving research culture in which new academics are able to establish theirresearch profiles and reputations and in which around 35 research students are undertaking workin pursuit of doctoral qualifications.

The School has research groupings and expertise in the following areas. The Finance groupincludes a number of professionally qualified accountants and has particular interests in riskmanagement and insurance, the efficiency of financial markets and in the relationship betweenfinancial institutions and economic development. The Marketing group hosts research programmesin relationship marketing, customer satisfaction, market research and in tourism and servicesmarketing. The Human Resources, Organisations and Entrepreneurship group undertakes andpublishes research on the impact of globalisation on employee relations, creativity and innovationin organisations and amongst entrepreneurs, the impact of the physical environment onorganisational change, and on transition into entrepreneurship. The Statistics group includesresearch on actuarial statistics and on the application of statistic methods to health issues. TheCentre for e-Business Research (CeBR) acts as a focus for multidisciplinary research on the impactof information technology and of information systems on business, government and wider society.

Particular CeBR research themes include the adoption of broadband and digital technologies andthe investigation of customer response to the digital and electronic business environment.

Economics research within the School encompasses the following areas: macroeconomic theory,time series and financial econometrics, the analysis of market transition and microeconomic marketincentives, and the economics of labour markets and human resources. The last of these themes isfocused around the Welsh Economy Labour Market Evaluation and Research Centre (WELMERC),which has been core-funded since 2002 by the Wales European Funding Office to undertakeevaluation and performance research on the Welsh economy. Most of WELMERC’s research has asignificant methodological and international comparative perspective and results in widespreadinternational research publication.

In total the School has published over 200 research publications since 2004, the majority ofwhich are in refereed academic journals, as well as extensively engagement with internationalconference audiences and the media.

Professor Andrew Henley

Head, School of Business and Economics

School of

Business and Economics

33

and American restaurant customers – twocountries with very different dining traditions.The effects of service failure and recoverystrategies were examined in over 700 personalinterviews with restaurant customers. The resultsshowed that there is much commonality withregard to service failures but significantdifferences in recovery efforts. Especiallynoteworthy was the observation that Americancustomers were much more likely to expectgenerous compensation measures. But in bothcountries, overcompensation methods did notappear to influence customers’ repeatpatronage intentions, nor did they have asignificant influence on their rating of therestaurant’s recovery effort. This last findingsuggested that restaurants could and should useless expensive recovery methods.

Quality of service is a topic that has generateda lot of academic discussion during the pastcouple of decades, matched by a strongdesire of public and private sectororganisations to be able to more effectivelymeasure and manage the quality of servicesthat they deliver. The Marketing group atSwansea has made a strong contribution to thisdebate. Professor Adrian Palmer has carriedout a number of studies of service quality thatprovide practical and local benefits tomanagers, while at the same time providingdata from which new models of internationalimportance can emerge. He has worked withgroups to study the effects of survey timing onhow people respond to questionnaire surveys.In the context of theme parks, tourist attractionsand higher education services, he found strongevidence that we may be quite critical in ourevaluation of service quality immediately afteran event, but our assessment gradually riseswith the passage of time. There is an importantmessage in this research to all those companiesthat carry out customer surveys as customersare leaving a restaurant, or as they pick uptheir car from servicing, or checkout from theirhotel. This may be the cheapest way ofcollecting information, but what matters most interms of repeat business is what the customerthinks at the time the next purchase decision is

made, and this may be weeks or months fromthe date of the original survey. Mark Goodehas been actively researching in the field ofservice quality. In addition to his research intothe cultural effects on satisfaction, mentionedearlier, he has studied the effects of freebanking on perceived overall satisfaction. Inshort, did the fact that a customer wasreceiving “free” banking rather than paying fora bank account, make any difference to theirlevel of satisfaction? Overall, a number ofimportant differences were found betweenstudents with free bank accounts and feepaying “normal” customers with regard toconfidence, charges and frequency of use

Thoughts on the subject of service quality aremoving on, and the Marketing group hascontributed to new ideas about the subject.Some see the concept of service quality andsatisfaction as too narrow and thereforeincapable of fully understanding why evenapparently satisfied customers may not returnto a business. “Customer experience" isemerging as a new area of study, whichintegrates the fields of service quality, brandmanagement and relationship marketing.These areas have been addressed innumerous ways by the Marketing Group, forexample Dr Antje Cockrill has been involvedin a study of consumers buying luxurybranded goods; and currently Mark Goodeand Dr Antje Cockrill are investigating thephenomenon of movie piracy. The Marketinggroup is well placed to develop the conceptof customer experience further. Models ofservice quality inform the concept of customerexperience, but widen it by recognising thenon-linearity of customer experience measures,and the fact that anticipation of an event maybe part of the experience. Discussion aboutquality being based on prior expectations hasbeen turned on its head, because, to manypeople, the best experiences are those thatare least expected. Dr Nicole Koenig-Lewisand Professor Adrian Palmer are working ona study to examine the effects of people'smemory of an event, and in particular, thefactors that help them to preserve a


BUSINESSMARKETING

Global thinking, local relevance

Research in the field of Marketing has a longhistory at Swansea University, with manyeminent academics having made a mark here.This tradition continues with academicsproducing rigorous academic research ofpractical relevance. Some of the subjects thatform the focus of the group's research are quiteenduring, but the group has kept up-to-datewith new areas of research.

One of the current research themes that has along history of development centres on culturaldiversity and its effects on marketing. We areall familiar with the idea of culturalconvergence, and many companies haveused this apparent opportunity to developgeneric products that appeal across cultures.But, more recently, questions have been raisedabout whether cultural convergence is a one-way phenomenon, with more recentexpressions of individual groups’ need for acultural identity appearing to go against theconventional wisdom of cultural convergence.The Marketing group at Swansea hascontributed to this debate. A study byProfessor Antonis Simintiras highlighted

some of the complexities of cross-cultural salesnegotiations and the difficult task this posed forsales managers. More recently, he and DrAntje Cockrill (with Dr Nina Reynolds,Bradford) have worked on a project to assessdifferences in communication styles betweengroups from different cultural backgrounds. Anumber of differences were noted in relation tonegotiation exercises between Greek andBritish individuals. Mark Goode hascontributed to our understanding of cross-cultural differences in marketing with aninternational collaborative study based on6,776 responses collected from fast foodcustomers in Greece, Jamaica, the UK and theUSA. The results revealed that similarities in themeasurement of customer satisfaction in thesedifferent cultural contexts were important, andsuggested that the development of measures toexamine and compare consumer satisfactionacross cultures and languages is feasible. Theresults were published in the European Journalof Marketing and won a publisher’s award forthe one of the best papers published in thejournal during 2005.

Still on the theme of cultural diversity andrestaurant customers, Professor AdrianPalmer has published the results of acollaborative international study involving Irish

34 School of Business and Economics


favourable memory of an experience. Manyacademics and practitioners see customerexperience management as the successor tocustomer relationship management, and in thisrespect, Professor Adrian Palmer brings awealth of research experience. He is afounding member of the editorial board forthe Journal of Relationship Marketing andrecently hosted an international conference ofthe top academics in the field. He hasundertaken a number of research projects intothe factors that lead to long and successfulbuyer-seller relationships.

The group has been keen to embrace newtechnologies, both as a subject of study initself, and as a research tool. Dr Jun Chenrecently completed her PhD research whichinvestigated consumers' experience in theonline retail environment, using anenvironmental psychology approach. Herstudy particularly looked into antecedentsand consequences of flow and trust in the e-commerce context. Her results showedwebsite features such as usability have asignificant and positive impact on flow andtrust, which then leads to a number ofwebsite patronage intentions including theformation of positive attitudes towards a siteand various site approach intentions. With a

strong interest in consumer experience in thee-commerce context as well as in the realworld, Dr Chen is now looking at the linkbetween users' experience of a company ingeneral, and their evaluations of thecompany's web presence. Dr Antje Cockrillhas also investigated trust in an onlineenvironment. In view of recent changes inlegislation and in the context of consumertrust, she conducted a website analysis of UKfinancial service providers, assessing theavailability and accessibility of privacypolicies. A key outcome of the study wasthat there are differences in the type offinancial service provider (e.g. banks or non-banks). Non-banks did not appear to use theInternet as a channel to the same extent asbanks, fewer offered a privacy policy, andwhere they did, these policies were moredifficult to find. The issue of trust wasaddressed in a paper published by MarkGoode in the Journal of Retailing, His paperon the pivotal effect of trust on customerloyalty has further added to both theory andpractice in this critical area. He has alsobeen involved in studying online behaviourby applying Bitner's established Servicescapemodel to online environments. The studylinked Servicescapes to behaviouralintentions in a multitude of websites.


One industry sector that the group has appliedits knowledge to, and a sector that is becomingincreasingly important to local businesses, istourism. Dr Nicole Koenig-Lewis completed herPhD on the subject of seasonality in tourismdemand. Her study included a comparativeevaluation highlighting the merits and limitationsof various seasonality measures. The maincontributions lie in the area of industrysegmentation. The research revealed thatconventional classifications of accommodationestablishments are of only limited use whenexplaining observed seasonal fluctuations.Performance clusters identified through the data-driven approach used in this study provide amuch more comprehensive picture of whichestablishments performed poorly and which didwell. This important research was funded bythe Wales Tourist Board and the David &Christopher Lewis Foundation. A separateresearch project examined students studying inSwansea who invite friends and relatives tocome and visit tourist attractions. The studydemonstrated that universities represent large,frequently underestimated, generators of VFR(Visiting Friends and Relatives) tourism and thatsignificant differences exist between the friends’and the relatives’ components. In her work, DrKoenig-Lewis has discovered a category oftourist that had previously not been recognisedin national and local tourism statistics. ProfessorAdrian Palmer has undertaken extensiveresearch and consultancy activity within the fieldof tourism. He was previously Chair of TourismMarketing at the University of Ulster where heworked with the Northern Ireland Tourist Boardto develop a new marketing knowledge base,and helped organise the fragmented localtourism associations that often competed ratherco-operated with each other.

The research group at Swansea contributes tothe support of over 120 taught Masters andDoctoral students who are studying in theSchool of Business and Economics. Students’involvement in research projects with localpublic and private sector organisations hasproved mutually beneficial for all concerned.The Marketing group organises a regular series

of research seminars at which staff and invitedexternal speakers bring the staff and students up-to-date on latest research thinking.

With the addition of new members of staff, theMarketing group at Swansea is reinvigoratedand set to continue the tradition established bytheir predecessors of high quality researchwhich meets the standard required foracademic excellence, while being relevant andcapable of application by the manycommunities that the University serves.


Professor Adrian Palmer

Email [email protected]

Recent appointment

Professor Adrian Palmer recently joined theSchool of Business and Economics as Professorof Marketing, bringing a wealth of experiencefrom both the business and academiccommunities. Before becoming an academic,he held management positions in the travel andtourism sector, and began his academic careerinitially through part-tome teaching of tourismmarketing. Since then, he completed his PhDon the subject of Relationship Marketingapplied to tourism destinations and went on tothe University of Ulster to set up the NorthernIreland Centre for the Study of TourismMarketing. His approach to research has beento seek external consultancy projects thatdeliver application-ready knowledge for theclient, but data and insights that helpacademics to build bigger picture theories. Asan example of this approach in practice, astudy sponsored by the Northern Ireland TouristBoard led to the Board making informeddecisions about the future role of local tourismmarketing associations, but additionally, andwith the co-operation of the sponsor, the projectled to articles being published in Journal ofMarketing Management and Journal ofVacation Marketing.

Professor Palmer has a preference forquantitative research approaches, but remainsmindful of their limitations.

process into entrepreneurship andentrepreneurial outcomes, in particularfocusing on the secondary analysis of self-employment activity in large scale generalpurpose longitudinal surveys. Recentresearch has been concerned with statepersistence amongst the self-employed, jobcreation by micro-entrepreneurs, the processof transition from entrepreneurial aspirationinto self-employment, and the relationshipbetween housing and financial wealth andself-employment. The second area concernsinformal entrepreneurial activity in thedeveloping world, and in particular in

Brazil, focusing on modelling the decision tochoose informal activity over paidcontractual employment, and on thedefinition of the informal sector. The finalarea is concerned with the impact ofentrepreneurial activity on regional economicperformance, in part in connection withwork as an economic research advisor forthe Welsh Assembly Government.


Professor Andrew Henley

[email protected]


Since arriving at Swansea, Professor Palmerhas sought to explore more fully the concept ofcustomer experience. We all know a goodexperience when we are enjoying one, buthow do you measure consumers’ attitudetowards the experience in a manner that isstatistically and theoretically valid, and at thesame time managerially useful? His previousresearch in customer relationships and servicequality will bring new insights to the Marketinggroup in the School.


Professor Adrian Palmer

[email protected]

HUMAN RESOURCES, ORGANISATIONSAND ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCHGROUP

The group has three main research foci:Industrial Relations/HRM (Dr Harvey and DrWilliams); Organization Studies (Professor DeCock and Dr Volkmann) and Creativity andEntrepreneurship (Professor Henley andProfessor De Cock). Over the last three yearsthe members of the group have published theirresearch in major international journals suchas, for example, the Journal of ManagementStudies, the British Journal of Management,Human Relations, Organization Studies,Regional Studies, the European Journal ofIndustrial Relations, the International Journal ofHuman Resource Management, the Journal ofManagement Inquiry, the Sociological Review,and Small Business Economics.

Dr Christina Volkmann completed a majorethnographic study of a large Germanresearch library as part of her PhDresearch. Her theoretical interests includelanguage, literary criticism, and notions ofspace in the organizational context. In linewith these theoretical perspectives hercurrent research focuses on organizationalchange and the role of architecture andspatial design in the workplace.

Dr Karen Williams’ background is inlinguistics (German and French) and

international relations. Her research interestsinclude the transfer of industrial relationsstrategies and practices in multinationalcompanies and the influence of differentsocietal and organisationally based systemsof employment relations on the world ofwork. Recent articles have drawn on casestudy research in three multinationalcompanies in a heavy engineering sectorwith subsidiaries in Germany and the UK. Arecent article (with Mike Geppert, QueenMary’s) explores negotiated and unilaterallyimposed methods of introducing change intosubsidiaries. It outlines the ‘German model’of business based on diversified qualityproduction and cooperative changeprocesses and investigates the pressuresplaced on the model from the centrallyimposed global change managementstrategies based on mass production ofproducts and services.

Dr Geraint Harvey’s research interestsinclude management-trade union partnershiparrangements and the broader highperformance paradigm. He is especiallyinterested in employee attitudes towardspartnership working, high performance workpractices and HRM. The focus of hisresearch to date has been the civil aviationindustry generally, and the relationshipbetween flight crew and management morespecifically. He has co-authored reports forthe International Labour Organization (ILO)and the International Transport WorkersFederation (ITF) on the impact of the 9/11tragedy on global civil aviation; he also haswritten several reports for the British AirlinePilots Association, and has advised seniormanagement at a European flag carryingairline. He is currently researching the lowcost airline phenomenon in the UK and isthe author of Management in the AirlineIndustry which will be published byRoutledge later this year.

Professor Andrew Henley's researchinterests are in the field of entrepreneurship.Broadly speaking these fall into three areas.The first is the modelling of the transition


INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND CeBR

The key role played in modern society byinformation and communication technologies(ICT) is recognised by governments aroundthe world, and the need to employ ICT as atool for economic, business, and educationaldevelopment is recognised by the UNGeneral Assembly in endorsing the need todevelop the so called information society.Research within the School relating to theimpact of ICT on business and broadersociety (including the Centre for e-BusinessResearch) is led by Professor MichaelWilliams. The School enjoys an internationalprofile in the subject area and members havepublished widely in areas such as ICTDevelopment, ICT Management andPlanning, e-Business and e-Government.

The School has enjoyed substantial recentsuccess in obtaining external funding andparticipates in a number of regional andEuropean research projects. The Schoolrepresented the Welsh region (on behalf of theWelsh Assembly Government) in the pan-European UnderStand project. The project(funded by the European Union) involved 12partners in the development and employmentof a set of key regional information societyindicators to assist in the European-wide

measurement of information society investment.The School was funded to conduct theevaluation of the e-Wales strategy on behalf ofthe Welsh Assembly Government (whichincluded the appointment of two researchassistants), and was also commissioned toevaluate the electronic local governmentstrategies produced by the unitary authorities inWales. An ongoing project being conducted incollaboration with a major international airlineis examining the technology adoption processof the gradual virtualising of the organisation,from both staff and customer perspectives.

Ongoing PhD activity within the subject areaincludes examination of the digital divide,virtual organisations, and motivators for theabandonment of electronic shopping carts in e-commerce environments. Recently completedPhDs have addressed issues including strategicplanning and ERP implementation inmanufacturing environments, the design anddevelopment of computer games, andcybernetics and social science.

Professor Williams has recently been invited toparticipate in the European Union fundedTRANSFORM project (examining thetransformative use of ICT in Europe), and willbe a member of the project Indicator ExpertGroup. He is a member of the EPRSC fundedgroups e-GISE and VIEGO (both addressingaspects of e-government), is a member of theeditorial boards of the Journal of EnterpriseInformation Management and the InternationalJournal of Information Quality, an AssociateReviewer for the Electronic Markets journal,and acts as a reviewer on ad-hoc basis fornumerous journals including the Journal ofElectronic Commerce, the International Journalof Retail & Distribution Management, theInternational Journal of Electronic Business, andthe International Journal of Information Science.


Professor Michael Williams

[email protected]


Recent appointment: Professor Christian De Cock joined theSchool in 2006 as Professor of OrganizationStudies. Prior to arriving at Swansea, he wasSenior Lecturer, School of Business andEconomics, University of Exeter and also spentthree years in the School of Management,Royal Holloway, University of London.

In 1996, Professor De Cock was awarded hisdoctorate at Manchester Business School for his“investigation into the introduction of plannedorganisational change: theoretical andempirical considerations”

From 1999 to 2003, he was associate editorof Creativity and Innovation Management andis now on the editorial board of thepublication, for which he periodically acts asguest editor. He is also a member of theeditorial board of the Journal of ManagementStudies and reviews book proposals forPalgrave, Sage, and Routledge.

Recent publications includeOrganization/Literature: Exploring the Seam(with Land C in Organization Studies),Questioning Consensus, Cultivating Conflict(with Jeanes E L in Journal of ManagementInquiry), Everything you wanted to knowabout Organization Theory… but wereafraid to ask Slavoj ÎiÏek (with Böhm S inSociological Review), and Constructing theNew Economy: A Discursive Perspective

(with Fitchett J and Volkmann C in the BritishJournal of Management).

Professor De Cock’s research interests can beroughly divided into three broad areas:creativity and innovation; discourse and literarytheory; and philosophy and social theory; asthese pertain to empirical and/or theoreticaldilemmas in the field of organization studies.He has a long-standing interest in the role ofthe arts and philosophy in management theoryand management development, and haspublished articles in international journals onsuch topics as the Bauhaus (with ChristinaVolkmann) and the interface of literary theoryand organization theory. He recently startedexploring creativity and entrepreneurshipoccurring in unusual places and the utopianrole of creative fantasies. He has alsoestablished a tapestry of relationships over theyears through the teaching of creativity andinnovation postgraduate courses at theUniversity of Santiago de Compostela (Spain),the Ecole Supérieure de Commerce Toulouse(France), the Brisbane Graduate School ofBusiness (Australia), and most recently at TheRoyal Institute of Technology/Stockholm Schoolof Entrepreneurship (Sweden).


Professor Christian De Cock

[email protected]


first mass industrialisation in Sweden (about1830) to the present day. It will examine therole of different types of organisation,particularly mutual companies, in offeringbanking and insurance services to local andnational communities in Sweden.

It will also analyse the role of professionalssuch as accountants, actuaries and fundmanagers in managing risks in the Swedisheconomy during the late 19th/20th centuries,and the role of financial and (re)insurancemarkets in the transfer of business risks since thesecond quarter of the 19th century.


Professor Mike Adams

[email protected]

ECONOMICSTIME SERIES ECONOMETRICS

Members of the School of Business andEconomics work in a number of areas of timeseries econometrics. In both collaborative andindependent research, Professor Steven Cookand Professor Alan Speight have examinednon-linear and asymmetric behaviour in a rangeof UK and international economic time series.Using non-parametric analysis and diagnostictests of time deformation and time reversibility,the results of this research have added to agrowing literature indicating the limitations ofstandard econometric approaches based uponthe assumptions of linearity and symmetry. Infurther empirical research, Professor Cook haspublished a series of papers examining thetemporal properties of regional house prices inthe UK. Much of this research has focussedupon the so called ‘ripple effect’ in the UKhousing market, demonstrating use of extendedor modified methods and test procedures tohave a significant impact upon both thedetection of this hypothesis and understandingits exact nature.

Considering more theoretical research,members of the School have undertaken avariety of research projects in the general areaof unit root analysis. Recently, Dr DimitriosVougas has examined the properties ofinvariant and Lagrange Multiplier based unitroot tests, in addition to providing a simplifiedtheoretical approach to examine the propertiesof estimators in the case of unit rootautoregression. Dr Vougas has also extendedhis previous work on the use of smoothtransition unit root testing to produce a newclass of tests based upon the logistic function.In collaboration with Professor Cook, thesmooth transition unit root framework has beenfurther developed to incorporate momentum-threshold autoregressive (MTAR) modelling,thereby producing a class of tests which allowexamination of the unit root hypothesis in seriesexhibiting both structural change andasymmetric behaviour. In addition to derivingthe properties of the resulting tests, their


FINANCE

The scholarly interests of the finance group atSwansea University’s School of Business andEconomics revolve around four main areas ofresearch: risk management/insurance andderivative instruments (Professor M BAdams/Professor A E H Speight/Dr M JBuckle/ Dr P Evans), international finance andfinancial development (Dr K Mouritides/Dr RArabsheibani/Dr O Ouattara/Dr P Evans),financial market microstructures (Professor A EH Speight/Dr M J Buckle/Dr P Evans), andfinancial mathematics and statistics (Dr AJalali-Naini/Dr D Vougas).

The finance group is one of the most prolificuniversity-based finance/financial economicsgroups in the country in terms of scholarlyresearch outputs per member of staff. Forexample, since 2001 the finance group’sresearch has been published, or beenaccepted for publication, in over 50 leadinginternational academic journals including:Applied Financial Economics, Economica,Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal ofBusiness Finance and Accounting, Journal of

Development Economics, Journal of FinancialIntermediation, Journal of Futures Markets,Journal of International Money and Finance,Journal of Money Credit and Banking,International Journal of Finance andEconomics, Journal of Risk and Insurance,Review of Development Economics andReview of Economics and Statistics.

Researching Sweden’s financial services sector

Professor Mike Adams will join colleaguesfrom the Norwegian School of Economicsand Umeå University in Sweden to undertakea three-year project to research Sweden’sfinancial services sector. The team, which isheaded by Associate Professor MagnusLindmark of the Norwegian School ofEconomics, is funded by the WallanderFoundation, part of Swedish commercialbank Handelsbanken. The team has beenshort-listed for further funding from Sweden’scentral bank, Sverige Riksbank.

Among other things, the project will look at thelink between financial institutions (banks andinsurers) and economic growth from the time of


Returns to Education

The rapid expansion of higher education andthe imminent arrival of University ‘top-up’ feeshave revived academic interest in assessing thereturns to a University education. Recentresearch in the School, therefore, has estimatedthe financial return to first degrees, MastersDegrees and PhDs by broad subject groupsand more narrowly defined disciplines. Theresults reveal considerable heterogeneity inreturns to different degree programmes, andcontrary to the figures cited in the recentGovernment White paper on the future ofhigher education, suggest that the financialbenefits available to students may have beenoverstated.

A typical male (female) graduate can expectto see their career earnings increase by£141,539 (£157,982) relative to what theycould expect to earn had they not gone touniversity. Whilst this is considerably lowerthan the figure of £300,000 used by theGovernment during the debate on theintroduction of variable tuition fees, itrepresents a significant financial return.,which under current charging arrangementswould equate to a rate of return for male(female) graduates of around 9 (13) per centper annum.

Dynamic Incentive Schemes

Dynamic incentives arise when theconstraints confronted by a decision-makervary according to the decision-makers’ pastbehaviour. A practical example is given bythe design of some sick-pay schemeswhereby workers suffer a penalty if theirrecord of absenteeism violates some pre-specified rule. Another example is the Britishdriving licence, where the penalty forspeeding is £60 for a person with less than10 points on their licence and a driving banfor a person with 10 or more. Despite theirwidespread prevalence, experience relatedcontracts like these have been subjected tolittle or no formal analysis. However,research currently under way in the School isnow changing this by building a generalstructural model of experience relatedcontracts, which provides insights into boththe way such contracts work and how theyshould be designed.

Dynamics of the National MinimumWage

There has been a National Minimum Wage(NMW) in operation in the UK since April1999, and its introduction has stimulatedwidespread interest in the affect it has hadon a range of economic outcomes includingemployment, earnings inequality, access totraining, and hours worked. However, littlehas been done so far on the labour marketdynamics of the NMW, even though thetime people spend on the NMW andwhether it acts as a stepping stone to higherwages or as an indictor of a low wage-nowage cycle have important implications forsocial policy and the eradication of poverty.The research which was sponsored by theLow Pay Commission as part of its on goingevaluation programme found that while thereis evidence of employment persistence at theNMW for the vast majority of individualsminimum wage jobs are of a relatively short duration and that many exit to betterpaid jobs.


relevance has been established via applicationto UK data. In related research the behaviourof smooth transition unit root tests has beenexamined by considering their properties in thepresence of mis-specified structural change, anissue of importance for applied researchers.This body of work complements independentresearch by Professor Cook which hasemployed numerical simulation analysis toestablish the properties of modified, higherpower unit root tests and threshold-based unitroot tests under a variety of empirically relevantcircumstances.

A further topic in time series econometricswhich has attracted the attention of researcherswithin the School of Business and Economics,is the notion of cointegration. Alongside testingof the unit root hypothesis, cointegrationanalysis occupies a central position in theeconometrics literature. In collaborativeresearch, Professor Cook and Dr Vougas havedeveloped a new test for the presence ofcointegration between economic and financialtime series which has been shown to possessgreater power than the single equation test ofcointegration routinely employed bypractitioners. Drawing upon the notion ofweighted symmetric estimation, Professor Cookand Dr Vougas have shown this newlyproposed test to be more robust thanalternative tests.

In an examination of the behaviour of unit roottests in the presence of generalisedautoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(GARCH), Professor Cook has complementedthe activities of other members of the Schoolundertaking research in the area of empiricalfinance. In this research, properties ofmodified, asymmetric and non-linear unit roottests have been derived in the presence ofalternative forms of volatility exhibited byfinancial time series data. The results of thenumerical analysis involved in this researchhave been employed to explain recent findingsin the empirical finance literature, providing acautionary note for the interpretation andevaluation of studies in this area.

Finally, additional research within the Schoolhas addressed more general econometricissues such as the comparison of econometricmodels, data-based model selectionprocedures and progressive approaches toeconometric modelling.


Professor Steven Cook

[email protected]

LABOUR ECONOMICS GROUP

Labour Economics represents a majorresearch area within the School of Businessand Economics. Most of the researchundertaken by labour economists in theSchool is applied in nature and has astrong public policy focus, which hasattracted support from several governmentdepartments and agencies including theDepartment of Trade and Industry, theDepartment of Work and Pensions, the LowPay Commission, and the Sector SkillsDevelopment Agency. In 2001 the Schoolsecured core funding from the EuropeanSocial Fund (ESF) to establish the WelshEconomy Labour Market Evaluation andResearch Centre (WELMERC), whichmaintains strong links with policy makers inthe National Assembly for Wales andprovides a focus for applied laboureconomics research within the School.Funding for the Centre was extended inAugust 2004.

There is a wide diversity of labour marketresearch currently underway within theSchool, and examples of this work includethe following projects:


specification of central bank objectives withcentralised wage setting, the influence of theexchange rate regime on the wagedetermination process, and the performance ofalternative policy rules in the context of strategicwage setting. Other completed work, bothpublished and forthcoming, examines theimplications of structural uncertainty, in the formof imperfect monetary control, for the interplaybetween central bank policy choices and unionwage decisions.

A related theme of Dr Lawler’s research is therole of central bank disclosure policy ininfluencing macroeconomic outcomes.Although greater openness in policymakinghas been argued by many commentators toaid central banks in pursuit of their goals,existing theoretical models provide a far fromunequivocal endorsement of this view. Suchmodels typically highlight potentiallyconflicting forces arising from greater centralbank transparency, and Dr Lawler has beenexamining how the balance of these forces isinfluenced by the structural characteristics ofthe economy, with particular emphasis on thedegree of product market competition andthe economy’s wage bargaining structure.Ongoing research in this field is examiningthe extent to which, and in what ways, thedesign of monetary policy institutionsinfluences the incentives for transparency,together with the question of whetherinformation provided to the public by thecentral bank acts as a substitute or acomplement to privately acquiredinformation.


Dr Phillip Lawler

[email protected]

FIFTEEN YEARS OF TRANSITION

With the fall of communism we have seen aprocess of transition towards market basedeconomies in some 29 very diverse countries.The scale of change and the associatedproblems posed for the reforming economieshave been immense. Understanding the

process of transition and the optimal choice ofpolicies to achieve this has been a majorchallenge for economists.

After 15 years results have been very mixed.Some Eastern European countries haveadjusted rapidly, successfully integrating into awider Europe. Others, notably some of therepublics of the former USSR have hardlybegun to reform yet. The factors explaining thisare partly political, but the choice of reformpolicy seems to be critical.

A critical element of the debate has been therate at which the transition to a market basedeconomy is conducted. Should there be a ‘big-bang’ approach requiring the rapidliberalisation of state controlled prices, fullprivatisation of state owned enterprises,opening the economy to foreign investment etc.Or alternatively, should a more gradualistapproach be adopted of ‘planned’ reform,whereby the state continues to play a majorrole in the economy.

Privatisation policies have been a particulararea of research interest in Swansea.Privatisation programmes are quite unlikethose conducted in developed westerncountries in recent years. One key differenceis the scale of the undertaking. Instead ofprivatising a limited number of state ownedenterprises in the west, transition economiestypically need to transfer whole sectors of theeconomy into private ownerships on arelatively small time scale.

This poses numerous problems. A key goal ofprivatisation is to generate sufficient revenues toinvest in regenerating the dilapidatedinfrastructure of the economy. But simplyauctioning assets to the highest bidder may bean ineffective way of raising funds. Within thecountry poorly developed capital markets andlimited wealth compared to the number ofofferings may well act as a constraint. Foreigninvestment may help here, but that raises thepolitically difficult question of how much foreignownership should be permitted.

Another consideration is the efficiency withwhich markets operate after the privatisationprocess is completed. A competitive market


The Peace Dividend in Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland remains a deeply-dividedsociety. However, on the 28 July 2005 the IRAannounced that its war against Great Britainwas over and Tony Blair has stated that ‘thismay be the day when finally, after all the falsedawns and dashed hopes, peace replaceswar, politics replaces terror on the island ofIreland’. The armed conflict may be drawing toa conclusion, but the struggle to overcome theeconomic barriers faced by the Catholiccommunity within Northern Ireland, which havefanned the fires of resentment and mistrustacross religious barriers, is still an issue.Research within the School has thereforelooked at the effects of the Good FridayAgreement on the level of discriminationagainst Catholics in Northern Ireland. One keymessage is that Catholics are doing better, soreligious gaps in both earnings andemployment opportunities are closing.However, the results also indicate that whileCatholic labour market disadvantage is fallingit has, as yet, not been eliminated.

Employment Tribunals

Recent research on Employment Tribunalsfocuses on two themes: the role and views ofrepresentatives, and the settlement of claims. Inrespect of the former, work in the Schoolcompares the impact of lawyers relative toalternative representative types using data fromthe 1998 Survey of Employment TribunalApplications (SETA98). Lawyers are found toaffect both case duration and the terms ofsettlement. By virtue of repeat experiencerepresentatives are also able to offer uniqueinsights on the workings of the EmploymentTribunal system and its agents/agencies, andthis is the subject of a second paper using theabove dataset, exploring in particularrepresentatives' perceptions of the role played,and style(s) adopted by Acas conciliationofficers. Acas is found to be positivelyregarded and its contribution in promotingsettlement considered significant.

The second theme examines the factorsassociated with pre-hearing settlement of cases

using a more recent 2003 SETA dataset. Thereis evidence that both applicants and employersview their cases (over-)optimistically, therebyimpeding settlement. Ongoing work builds onthis insight, focusing on the divergent views ofdisputants using matched data from previousSETA surveys.


Professor Phil Murphy

[email protected]

MONETARY POLICY

What are the appropriate objectives to set fora country’s central bank? Ought monetarypolicy to be conducted according to some typeof rule and, if so, what form should the ruletake? Is transparency in central bank decision-making desirable? These and related issuesprovide the focus of Dr Phillip Lawler’sresearch on monetary policy design.

One important component of this researchexamines the relationship between the optimalconduct of monetary policy and the degree ofcentralisation of wage bargaining. A keyconclusion to emerge from this work is thatstrategic wage setting by non-atomistic unions,that is unions which are sufficiently large tohave a non-negligible influence onmacroeconomic variables, has potentiallyfundamental implications for the appropriatedesign of the institutional framework withinwhich monetary policy is conducted. Publishedpapers have examined the optimal


WELSH ECONOMY LABOUR MARKETEVALUATION AND RESEARCH CENTRE

WELMERC has four main objectives:-

1. To provide dynamic benchmarks for eachWelsh Unitary Authority as a base fromwhich to monitor the effectiveness ofObjective One funding;

2. To analyse and report on trends ineconomic data relevant to the WelshLabour Market such as population profiles,migration flows, skills and qualifications,inactivity, employment, earnings, GDPgrowth rates and business information;

3. To analyse existing and new data setsincluding the Welsh boosts to the LabourForce Survey and British Household PanelSurvey in order to inform policies relatingto education and training, earnings,unemployment and inactivity, labourmarket discrimination and social inclusion;

4. To undertake evaluation analysis ofObjective One spending on terms ofimpacts on labour market activity andvalue for money.

The results of earlier research can be foundin the discussion papers which may beaccessed at www.swansea.ac.uk/welmerc,in reports for public bodies and in academicpublications. Contract research is alsoundertaken provided that it fits with ouroverall work programme. In the initial fundingperiod this included research for theEconomic Research Unit of the WelshAssembly Government, WDA, ELWa, EOCand the Low Pay Commission.

The main conclusions of a selection ofresearch reports of WELMERC include:

Benchmarking of the Welsh Labour Market

(L Skilton)

Wales’s labour market performancecompared unfavourably with the rest of GreatBritain throughout the period underconsideration from 1998 to 2005. However,

Wales, like Scotland and England, hasimproved its performance since 2000.

The greatest progress has been inemployment; primarily due to a largerdecline in the unemployment rate andinactivity rate in Wales relative to the rest ofGreat Britain.

The Objective One area of West Wales andthe Valleys is still at a disadvantagecompared to the Objective Three area (EastWales). However, the Objective One areahas performed marginally better than theObjective Three area since 2000,particularly in terms of employment, but lessin relation to human capital.

The most recent statistics are encouraging inrelation to the Welsh Assembly’s desire toclose the gap in performance between WestWales and the Valleys and the rest of Wales.


benefits the population at large, but the lowerprofits caused by competition are less attractiveto bidders at the sale stage. Thus, there is thepotential for a trade-off between the goals ofrevenue generation and market efficiency.

A variety of different privatization mechanismshave been utilized. The Czech Republic forexample adopted a policy of ‘voucher’privatization. Each citizen was allocatedvouchers free of charge to enable them toparticipate in privatization. Poor infrastructurewas not as much of a concern, but gatheringpolitical support for change was. Givingcitizens a stake in reform achieves this goal.

In Russia the process often took the form of‘insider’ privatization. Managers and workerswere offered ownership rights to theirenterprises, often at very low prices. Thenumber of potential investors was limitedcompared to the scale of the programme, thuslimiting the possibilities of using auctionmechanisms. Again political support wasnecessary to make reforms work and gainsupport for the kind of restructuring policiesnecessary to allow viable enterprises.

A variety of other policies have beenimplemented from Gradual sales in Poland to

direct sales in the former East Germany. All ofthese policies have implications for governmentrevenue, market competition, unemploymentand the rate of restructuring with an economy.The large range of comparative experiencesprovides a fascinating perspective from whichto study privatisation and it‘s effects.

Perhaps the most important lesson to belearned from the transition process is theimportance of institutions. Rapid change in theabsence of appropriate institutional frameworkis always problematic. Economic reform needsto work closely with reform in areas such asproperty laws, effective corporate governanceand bankruptcy laws. Much of this essentialsocial capital was absent at the outset of thetransition process. Furthermore, the constraintsof the political environment also need to beunderstood to properly asses the effectivenessof policy alternatives. The study of the transitionprocess has resulted in a new generation ofmuch richer models exploring these issues andeconomists in the School are at the forefront ofthese developments.


Dr James Maw

[email protected]


benefits in focusing on the 20% or so whosay they would like to work as soon aspossible or within the next five years. Theremay be a need to enhance the current rangeof easements, if a major change in jobsearch behaviour is to be achieved.

Effective early interventions are required forinactive young men, who have, on average,very low skill levels and a high self-reportedrate of ill-health (twice that of young women).

The Welsh language and labour marketinactivity

(Blackaby D, Latreille P, Murphy P, O’LearyN and Sloane P)

This study was undertaken to improveunderstanding of the barriers to economicactivity of Welsh speakers. Welsh languagespeakers are shown to have higheremployability and higher earnings than non-Welsh speakers, though in part this is aresult of the former being endowed withbetter characteristics in demand within thelabour market.

The econometric analysis reveals thatpersonal and household characteristics playan important part in determining the attitudesand aspirations of the economically inactivewith respect to labour force participation. Inaddition, there is little evidence to support theview that those inactive individuals havingWelsh language skills behave any differentlyfrom those that do not.

Future areas of investigation for WELMERCinclude research into Benchmarking andObjective One analysis, Returns toEducation, Equal Opportunities and Social,Migration & Commuting, Self-employment,Basic Skills, Disabilities, Barriers toEmployment, and Sustainability.

Research is also ongoing in the followingareas: The 'Long Tail' of Low Skills in the UK(O'Leary N, Watson D and Sloane P),Inflows and Outflows from the NationalMinimum Wage (Sloane P J, Murphy P andJones M K and Jones R J) and Training, Job

Satisfaction and Establishment Performance inthe Public and Private Sectors (Sloane P J,Latreille P L, Jones M K and Jones R J).


Professor Peter Sloane

[email protected]


Identifying Barriers to Economic Activity in Wales

(Blackaby D, Jones M, Jones R, Latreille P,Murphy P, O’Leary N, and Sloane P)

Despite welcome recent improvements in theperformance of the Welsh Labour market,there is still a great deal to be done in tacklingthe problem of economic inactivity. Thepercentage of the working age population inWales that is either in, or actively seeking,employment is lower than in much of the restof the UK, although the rates vary markedlyacross Wales. Key findings showed that

• Low activity rates in Welsh UnitaryAuthorities tend to be associated with highincidences of Incapacity Benefit claims andself-reported illness.

• The likelihood of remaining economicallyinactive increases as the time spent inactiveincreases.

• Large urban centres in Wales, aselsewhere, tend to be characterised byhigher levels of in-commuting as opposedto out-commuting of workers.

• Differences in economic activity ratesbetween Wales and other regions aredue in part to differences in thecomposition of populations and in partdue to differences in the propensitytowards economic activity shown byindividuals with similar characteristics.

• Labour Force Survey data suggest thatapproximately three-quarters of inactivepeople are neither seeking work nor wantit. Relative to Great Britain as a whole,Wales has had proportionately moreeconomically inactive men and women notseeking or wanting work.

• Once economic factors that are likely toinfluence the incidence of long-termsickness have been taken intoconsideration, the incidence of sicknessclaimants in Wales remains higher than inother regions of the UK.

Identifying Barriers to Economic Activityin Wales, Part II: A Survey ofEconomically Inactive People in ThreeAreas of Special Interest

(Blackaby D, Latreille P, Murphy P, O’LearyN and Sloane P)

Nearly 1,300 interviews were carried outwith working age adults (excluding students)in three areas of contrasting interest- theValleys, urban “hotspots” (i.e., areas withhigh inactivity located in proximity togenerally buoyant labour markets) and“cooler” areas (i.e., where inactivity was atrelatively low levels)

Some basic features were found to beimportant when investigating the factorsdetermining inactivity. The major determinantof male inactivity was ill health, while forwomen it was looking after the family home.Approximately half of men and nearly half ofwomen, had not worked for at least tenyears; and more than two-thirds had noformal qualifications. Most had also joinedeconomic inactivity from employment, notunemployment.

Generally, the inactive were found to beseverely disengaged from the labour marketand had poor access to information. Thebarrieres confronted and concerns expressedwere multifaceted and suggest that help mustbe tailored to individual needs. Yet, while theeconomically inactive are a veryheterogeneous group, there are potential


School EngineeringHead of School - Professor Nigel Weatherill www.swansea.ac.uk/engineering

Building on the undoubted strengths and international reputations of the Departments of

Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Materials and Mechanical Engineering, the new integrated School

of Engineering was formed in 2001. The vision for the School is ‘to provide an excellent

research and teaching environment with international recognition for the advancement,

dissemination and exploitation of knowledge in engineering and related disciplines’. The School

has over 70 academic staff, 50 research staff, 50 support staff and approximately 900

students, of whom 250 are postgraduates.

One of the key themes in the School is to develop a multidisciplinary research and teaching

environment that, whilst recognizing traditional subject areas, encourages study and

scholarship between disciplines. This approach has already delivered new areas of activity

such as a highly successful degree in aerospace engineering that is based upon the expertise

drawn from across the School, and a major new initiative in nanotechnology that not only

involves staff from within the School but involves collaboration with researchers in the Schools

of Medicine and Physical Sciences.

The School is research-led; staff are research active, with many distinguished and recognized

in their fields of study, meaning that students are exposed to the latest concepts and ideas

generated from research. The new knowledge created by research is exploited through

extensive links with industry, business and commerce.

Research within the School is organized into four main centres; Civil and Computational

Engineering, Electronic Systems Design, Materials Research and the Multidisciplinary

Nanotechnology Centre. Within these centres there are smaller groups, based around specific

themes, that have developed their own reputations for high quality research.

This report provides a brief overview of some of the exciting research activities taking place

within the School. Some of the articles describe activities for which Swansea is renowned, such

as the 5* work in computer modeling and the award winning training programmes in materials

engineering, whilst others describe some of the new activity in nanotechnology that is creating

widespread international interest. Also included are details of emerging themes for research that

have the potential to grow and develop into major research activities of the future.

Professor Nigel Weatherill

Head, School of Engineering

School of

Engineering

53

metallurgy methods for advanced titaniumalloy structures.

• Controlled, graded microstructures incomponents to meet conflicting fatigueand creep requirements.

• Aluminium and copper cable technologyand advanced composite materials tosupport power generation for a ‘moreelectric’ design of aircraft.

Airbus UK is also a major investor in researchin the Centre. The important driver forairframes is a wider application of polymercomposite materials. In future, passengeraircraft are likely to contain in excess of 60%by weight of composites. The performancebenefits are substantial. A constraint isstructural integrity of thick sections particularlywith regard to the ingress of moisture underhot wet conditions. Through Airbus andEuropean Framework 6 funding, theMaterials Research Centre is providing asolution. The research involves mechanicalcharacterisation of composites conditionedwith moisture and the development of acomputer modelling capability for predictingthe rate of ingress of the moisture and itsimpact on properties. Airbus is alsosupporting research on ultra high strengthsteels to support under-carriage applications.This work is exploring structural integrity andis consistent with the drive to reduce weightand enhance performance.

Further collaboration involves the EuropeanSpace Agency and is focussing on titaniumaluminides and nickel aluminides. The formerare exciting materials with a density half thatof steel, a stiffness approaching steel and atemperature capability that competes withadvanced nickel alloys. They clearly have ahuge potential for applications in highperformance, light weight structures with thepotential of increasing fuel efficiency andreducing CO2 emissions. The latter, aselectrodes in hydrogen fuel cells, could impactsignificantly on environmental sustainability.

For further details, contact

Professor W J Evans

[email protected]

COMPUTATION

In the aerospace industry, computationalaerodynamics is characterised by its demandsfor rapid simulations, frequently involvingcomplex geometries, and its requirement forhigh levels of accuracy. To address theseissues, staff in the Civil and ComputationalEngineering Research Centre have devotedsignificant efforts in to the development ofunstructured mesh techniques for the simulationof complex aerodynamic flows. Their work onfully automatic unstructured mesh generators,and leading edge unstructured mesh solvers forinviscid flows, led to the original version of theFLITE system for external aerodynamics. Thissystem had a major impact on the industrialaerodynamic design cycle, with the time toundertake complete aircraft simulations beingreduced, typically, from several months to afew days. The FLITE system was also employedat Swansea to enable the process ofaerodynamic design for ThrustSSC, the vehiclethat took the World Land Speed Recordbeyond the speed of sound. Over the pastdecade, funding from the EC, BAE SYSTEMS,Rolls-Royce, Airbus, DRA and EPSRC hasenabled the continued enhancement of theFLITE system to provide an efficient parallelimplementation and to extend the modellingrange to encompass turbulent flow simulationand the solution of problems involving movingboundary components. With EuropeanFramework 6 funding, staff are currentlyinvestigating the improvements, incomputational efficiency and accuracy, thatcan be achieved by employing higher orderdiscretisation methods in the simulation ofcomplex aerodynamic flows.

The accuracy attainable in realisticaerodynamic flow simulations is often limitedby the turbulence model that is employed.Aerospace companies are increasinglysimulating flow at off-design conditions e.g.landing, where flaps are deployed at highincidence angles. Under these conditions, theflow has significant separation. For separatedflow, traditional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models become theoreticallyflawed and then approaches in which turbulenteddies are resolved to a greater extent, but not

55Swansea University Research Matters

AEROSPACE ENGINEERINGMATERIALS

The aerospace industry provides some of themost demanding challenges for materialsengineers. It generates operating conditionsthat push materials to their limits while requiringthe same materials to operate safely andreliably in service. Since the advent of thecommercial jet aircraft, the industry has metthese challenges through substantialdevelopments of titanium, nickel and aluminiumalloys, high strength steels and compositematerials. Enhanced component efficiencies,cutting edge aerodynamic performance andcost driven weight constraints demandcontinued research into new, improved alloysand advanced designer materials.

The Materials Research Centre is placed at theforefront of this new technology. It is the hometo a Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre(UTC) focussing on the development of newmaterials, novel processing methods andadvanced design procedures for gas turbineapplications. The UTC provides support forMRes, PhD and Engineering Doctorate (EngD)students. It is also the pump primer for a widerspectrum of major research projects involvingthe EPSRC, DTI, European Union funding andthe associated aerospace supply chain. Thecurrent research portfolio amounts to severalmillion pounds of contract value. In total the

research supports 14 postgraduate studentsand 5 research staff. The research projectscover all aspects of the engine from the largefront end fan, through the compressor andcombustor to the turbine. Issues addressedinclude mechanical integrity of titanium andnickel alloys, including high performance singlecrystal turbine blades and advanced powdermetallurgy components, cutting edgeprocessing and metal joining technology andnovel composite systems such as abradablelinings to maintain efficiency within the engine.

The key UTC research activities encompass:

• The development of abradable linings thatseal the gap between the rotating bladesand static casings to improve efficiencyand reduce emission of environmentallydamaging gases.

• Characterisation and prediction of fatiguein critical single crystal nickel blades forhigh pressure turbines to support improvedperformance and longer service lives.

• Development of an advanced life predictionmodelling capability to support the hightemperature operation of titanium alloys.

• Simulation of the combined thermal andmechanical cycles experienced by ‘hotend’ components through a unique testingfacility.

• Characterisation of innovative powder

54 School of Engineering

Rolls Royce/Boeing chevron concept andsimulation showing how chevrons modifyturbulence

Scattering of electromagnetic waves byrealistic industrial objects

Turbulent flow simulation for full aircraftconfiguration


fully modelled, show much promise. The Civiland Computational Engineering Centre is atthe forefront of research in this eddy resolvingarea and has strong research collaborationwith groups at Chalmers University, Sweden,Boeing Commercial Airplanes and NASA.

With the projected demand for air transport setto double the world aircraft fleet by 2020, it isbecoming urgent to take steps to reduce theenvironmental impact of noise from aircraft attake off. Noise can be more than just annoyingand can be a contributing factor in certainillnesses, such as hypertension. For this reason,research has recently been initiated in the areaof computational aeroacoustics. The major takeoff noise component is from the turbulence inthe propulsive jet of turbine engines whichimplies that, for acoustic related design, theaccurate prediction of turbulence is important.In collaboration with Rolls Royce aero engines,turbulent eddy resolving techniques are beingapplied to computational aeroacoustics, usinganalytical acoustic analogies to obtainpredicitions of the far field sound.

Computational electromagnetics is playing anincreasingly important role in the aerospacedesign process. In this area, typical problemsof key concern to the designer of futureaerospace platforms include the prediction ofelectromagnetic compatability betweencomplex electronic systems and the prediction

of the response of such systems to lightningstrike and electromagnetic pulses. In the Civiland Computational Engineering ResearchCentre, BAE SYSTEMS has supported thedevelopment of a time domain capability forthe modelling of electromagnetics problemsinvolving complex geometries and features suchas wires and thin sheets. This now forms thebasic computational platform forelectromagnetics research within theEPSRC/BAE SYSTEMS jointly funded FLAVIIRresearch project. This is a five year researchprogramme, involving ten UK universities,which aims to develop technologies for amaintenance free, low cost unmanned airvehicle without control surfaces and withoutperformance penalty over conventional craft.Within this project, the computationalcapability is being enhanced, to enable themodelling of complex materials and theefficient simulation of small scale electricalfeatures within a large scale environment.

Research related to these areas of applicationin aerospace engineering has recently receiveda considerable boost by the award of aPlatform Grant by EPSRC.


Professor K Morgan

[email protected]


POWER ELECTRONICS ANDMICROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGIESThe Electronics Systems Design Centre(ESDC), School of Engineering, is one of theleaders in the UK in developing state-of-the-artsemiconductor technology for System-on-ChipApplications. Other key research areas in thegroup include development of the wide band-gap semiconductor materials (SiC anddiamond) based power semiconductordevices together with the application ofpower electronics.

The Centre has expertise in semiconductordevice modelling; the TCAD Studio(www.esemi.com) technology and devicesimulation package, which is used in industryand universities, came from this researchgroup. Development of compact models forpower semiconductor devices has been one ofthe key research areas for many years.Compact models are lower complexity, but yetphysically based and very accurate, models ofthe power devices dedicated to circuitsimulation. Electro-thermal physically basedcompact device models of the MOSFET, aswell as PiN diode and insulated gate bipolartransistors (IGBTs) have been developed,implemented in commercial simulators such asPSPICE or SABER, and successfully used bymany companies, such as SILICONIX. Thelatest study has engaged researchers indeveloping new simulation strategies formodelling a long scale (minutes) of the realtime operation of a power inverter system. Thisresearch has been funded by TOYOTA. Theproject is now in the final stage and softwaredeveloped is in the validation stage. It hasbeen used to predict operational conditions,electrical and thermal, of the power invertersystem of the latest PRIUS hybrid car.

The ever increasing demand for energy, risingprices of oil and gas, and the limited supply offossil fuels means the drive for energy efficiencyand renewable energy technologies is vital.The School’s advanced materials research usesnew semiconductor materials like siliconcarbide (SiC) and diamond to fabricate state-of-the-art electronics. Current technology, basedon silicon, is limited in terms of power handlingcapacity and high temperature operation. SiCand diamond (the ultimate power

semiconductor) have exceptional electrical andthermal material properties, and can be used inelectronic devices capable of operating inextreme environments, beyond the materiallimits of silicon. These devices will be tens oftimes smaller and lighter than their siliconequivalents and could be faster switching, havelower conductance losses, be more efficientand reduce costs. SiC and diamondelectronics have a huge potential range ofapplications, from transport and aerospace, topower conversion. Swansea’s current researchis developing novel technology for SiCswitching devices, which could beimplemented in new hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs). This research has been funded by DTI.In addition to energy efficiency research, usingnovel semiconductor devices, Swansea is alsoventuring into renewable energy generationtechnlogy, using photovoltaic-solar cells. Solarpower from photo-voltaic (PV) cells is a sourceof absolutely clean and ‘free’ energy, once thetechnology has been installed. The impact ofphoto-voltaic cells has been hindered by theirrelatively low solar to electrical energyconversion efficiency and by the cost. The keyto making photo-voltaic systems viable is to cutdramatically fabrication costs of cells, and tointroduce widespread implementation of solarpanels in domestic and commercialinfrastructure. Swansea, in collaboration withBangor University, propose to fabricate low-cost, large area solar panels, using thin filmsdeposited onto inexpensive, high-temperaturestable, plastic and glass substrates. Theproposed solar module would also be the firstof its kind to use advanced SiC devices tomaximise power collection through a highlyefficient power conversion system.

The construction of System-On-Chip (SOC) isan ultimate goal of the electronics industrybecause of the significant cost-performancebenefits that it offers. In the case of powercontrol the SOC combines complex controlcircuitry and power transistors on the samepiece of silicon, resulting in lower powerlosses, greater reliability and lower cost.

The research in the area of new energysemiconductor technologies for SOC that willlead to more energy efficient products istaking place within the School ofEngineering. A range of novel, highly

Silicon carbide power devices

Silicon carbide hybrid module

POWER MOSFET Device

injection moulding, an emerging technologywith significant advantages. This is incollaboration with several companies and theUniversity of Bradford where experimental workwill be carried out.

Companies collaborating in recent and currentprojects include: Koemmerling Kunststoffe (PVCprofile extrusion); Cooper Standard (rubberprofiles); Cinpres Gas Injection (equipment andtechnology licensing), Schulman Plastics(material supply); Birby’s (plastics moulding);Asset International (polyethylene pipe); FluentEurope (CFD software).


Dr J Sienz

[email protected]

GRAIN BOUNDARY ENGINEERING

Located within the Microstructural Studiesgroup is specialised expertise fordevelopment and application of ElectronBackscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in a scanningelectron microscope. This technique hasrevolutionised methods for characterising andquantifying materials. EBSD is used for‘orientation mapping’ a surface.

Research in the Microstructural Studies groupis also involved with ‘grain boundaryengineering’, which is the manipulation ofinterfacial structure in metals and alloys toproduce a material which has improvedresistance to intergranular degradation suchas cracking or corrosion. This is animportant aspect of material performance inservice. Materials studied include austeniticstainless steel (316), ferritic steels,commercially pure titanium and commerciallygrain boundary engineered copper. Atpresent there are three EPSRC grants, withadditional support from BNFL MagnoxElectric and Rolls Royce. Internationalcollaborators on the research are CarnegieMellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.


Professor V Randle.

[email protected]

COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE

Computational Materials Science is a rapidlyexpanding discipline which aims to createcomputer-based models of a wide variety ofengineering processes with which scientistscan design manufacturing systems and beable to predict subsequent componentperformance over their service lifetimes. Thisfield of activity is inherently multiscale in natureand therefore scientifically very challenging.Materials scientists must be aware ofprocesses occurring on length scales rangingfrom the atomic level (nanometres) all the wayup to the macroscopic level (metres). Similarly,processes may occur over time scales offractions of a second up to several decades.In the Materials Research Centre, researchersare active at all length and time scalesdeploying a wide array of computationalmodelling techniques in collaboration withnumerous industrial organisations.

To give some examples, novel Finite Elementcodes are under development for Airbuswhich can simulate the ingress of moistureinto composite aircraft components, e.g.wing-box sections. This is of vital commercialand environmental importance and will leadto better design, reduced aircraft weight,reduced fuel costs and importantly reducedharmful emissions into the environment. NewKinetic Monte Carlo models (operating atthe nano-scale) are being developed incollaboration with the European SpaceAgency to simulate the production ofcatalytic metallic powders which will beused in the next generation of fuel cells.Also, a range of electro-thermo-mechanicalmodels are being used for simulation ofnumerous materials processing routes forsteel manufacture with Corus as well asnovel micro-scale models of materialdegradation due to corrosion during service.


Professor S G R Brown

[email protected]


efficient, isolation structures which separatethe high voltage transistors on the chip fromthe low voltage logic circuits is beinginvestigated. There is ongoing research onthe development of a novel MEMS-basedSOI isolation structure in conjunction with theGerman companies PROTRON and X-Fab.This structure can be used for the integrationof very high voltage transistors.

Researchers are also participating in theWave Dragon multinational project that haspotential to harness Wales’ significant marineenergy resources to provide clean renewableenergy. The Wave Dragon unit is an offshorefloating device that works by channelingwaves into a reservoir which is situatedabove sea level. The water is then releasedthrough a number of turbines and generateselectricity in the same way as hydro powerplants. The ESDC is involved in the projectthrough the development of a power invertersystem that will convert the power from thegenerators into the form that can be suppliedto the national grid.

In addition to these activities in the ESDC, theTheory Group within the MultidisciplinaryNanotechnology Centre in the School ofEngineering has over 15 years’ experience inthe calculation of the electrical and opticalproperties of semiconductor devices.

At the atomic level it is possible to determinethe electronic band structure of materials usinga wide variety of techniques including tightbinding, pseudopotential, k.p methods etc.These techniques can be employed on multi-dimensional structures from atomic clusterquantum dots through to bulk semiconductors.

Using the information on the electronic structureof the semiconductor material, it is possible tocalculate the various optical recombination ratesand hence describe the operation of opticalamplifiers, semiconductor lasers and lightemitting diodes. These calculations includemany body effects such as Coulombenhancement of the optical recombination,carrier dephasing and band gaprenormalisation. The Group also models theeffects of optical wave-guiding in these devices.

To compliment these electronic and opticalproperty calculations, semiconductor devices

are modelled using self consistent Schodingerand Poisson solvers which include electronicdrift, diffusion and recombination. Again thesesolvers can be applied to all quantum structuresfrom quantum dots, quantum wires to bulksemiconductors. Research also focusses on thedynamic properties of optoelectronic devicesusing rate equation models with realisticcalculations of electron scattering and currentleakage paths. These calculations permit thestatic and dynamic operating characteristics ofa wide variety of electronic and optoelectronicdevices to be modelled.


Dr P Igic

[email protected]

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIESPOLYMER PROCESSING SIMULATIONAND DESIGN

The main research areas of the PolymerProcessing Simulation and Design Group aredeveloping computer simulations of plasticsprocessing operations, and applyingmathematical optimization methods to thedesign and operation of processing equipment.Supported by production-scale experimentalwork carried out with industry and otheruniversities, these lead to improvedunderstanding of processes, improvedequipment design, more efficient productionand reduced development costs. Recentprojects include: computerized optimization ofprofile die design in collaboration with leadingPVC and rubber profile manufacturers;simulation of the downstream calibrationprocess in profile extrusion; and processintensification in thermoplastics injectionmoulding, funded by The Carbon Trust with theobjectives of improved energy efficiency andproductivity. A further major area is fluidassisted injection moulding. Softwaredeveloped for the simulation of gas-assistedinjection moulding, where high pressure gas isinjected after the molten polymer to form hollowarticles, has been applied in consultancy withcompanies in the UK, Europe, America,Australia and the Far East. In a new project thiswork is being extended to water-assisted


Atomistic simulation of the leaching of RaneyNiAl catalytic powders using the KineticMonte Carlo method

nanoparticles as observed by STM imaging.This allows the production of modifiedsurfaces where patterns can be written on toa surface with a spatial resolution limited bythe size of tip and the nanoparticles, 8nm inthis case. It is also possible to selectivelyerase the features on the surface using theSTM tip under reverse bias. The patternremains for up to three weeks and thereforeopens the door to applications such aspatterned nanoscale catalysis, moleculardocking and even ultra-high density analoguedata storage.

The research initiated with the gas sensingproject has again recently branched off inanother direction with the successful growthand AFM characterisation of SnO2 and ZnOnanobelts. These structures will form the basis ofnew ultra-sensitive diagnostic sensors formedical applications in cancer detection.


Professor S P Wilks

[email protected]

BLOOD CLOT RESEARCH.

2005 saw the inauguration of a collaborationbetween EPSRC, the School of Engineering,the Medical School and the Swansea NHSTrust in the area of blood clot research. Thisnew initiative involved the recent opening of adedicated laboratory at Morriston Hospital aspart of the establishment of the EPSRC PortfolioPartnership Division of Clinical Haemorheology(Haemorheology is the science of blood flow).The research addresses the need to developimproved methods for the early detection ofblood clots and to establish new spectroscopictechniques to study their structure. The newlaboratory at Morriston will significantlyenhance the clinical relevance of the work.

Blood clots are a major cause ofcardiovascular disease, such as heart attacksand strokes, and claim the lives of one in fivepeople. The work at Swansea seeks animproved understanding of the relationshipbetween the structure of clots and theirmechanical properties – most importantlytheir elasticity and viscosity. The experimental

aspects of the work are based on newrheometrical and NMR spectroscopicapproaches to studying clot properties.Special significance is being given to theability to distinguish between differences inclot microstructure and correspondingchanges in the mechanical performance ofclots. This experimental work is now beingsupported by a new effort in the numericalsimulation of the evolution of clotmicrostructures and their relationship tocomplex fluid flow environments.

PORTABLE ARTIFICIAL LUNG

A unique project involving the University, theSwansea NHS Trust and Swansea-basedHaemair Ltd is developing a pioneeringartificial lung that has the potential totransform the lives of millions of peoplearound the world.

The device, a blood/air mass exchanger,integrates with the body’s respiratory systemand is designed to breathe for conscious,mobile patients whose lungs are damaged ordiseased. As a portable device, it will allowpatients to recover outside Intensive CareUnits and therefore offers a better quality oflife. It will also lead to substantial costsavings: it is estimated that the device couldsave the NHS hundreds of millions of poundseach year.

The project is led by the University’s EPSRCfunded Complex Fluids and Complex FlowsPortfolio Partnership, which in turn isexploiting growing expertise inNanoMedicine in the MultidisciplinaryNanotechnology Centre.

The project team includes expertise in clinicalresearch in blood clotting, based at the NHSHaemorheology Laboratory in MorristonHospital. Haemair Ltd, based at the TechniumDigital at the University, is working with theteam to provide innovative solutions to ensurethat production of the new device is feasible,cost-effective and commercially practicable.

Worldwide, approximately four millionpeople die every year of Acute RespiratoryInfection. If respiration could be supportedwithout lungs for a few weeks, many


MULTIDISCIPLINARYNANOTECHNOLOGY CENTREEngineering at the nanometre scale is one ofthe greatest challenges known to modern manand has the potential to revolutionise the waywe live our lives, from star trek-like gadgetsthrough to site specific medical diagnosis anddrug delivery within the human body.

The Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre(MNC) was founded in 2002 based on strongand rapidly growing nanotechnology activitiesat Swansea and supported by significantfinancial investment from HEFCW, the RoyalSociety/Wolfson Foundation and SRIF2. TheCentre was officially opened by Professor SirDavid King, Chief Scientific Adviser to HMGovernment, on 10th January 2006.

The Centre has quickly established itself. It isnow the spearhead of the nanotechnologyactivity across the University and the whole ofWales, and involves more than 30academics from a range of disciplines(engineering, physics, chemistry, biology andmedicine). A central suite of laboratorieshouses state-of-the-art facilities and hasaccess to a plethora of techniques andfacilities throughout Wales with our partnersin the Pan-Wales Nanotechnology initiativethat the Centre co-ordinates.

NANOCRYSTALLINE SNO2: FROM GAS SENSING TO NANO-SCALECHARGE WRITING.

The SnO2 gas sensing project initially ranfrom October 2000 to October 2003 but ithas branched off in several directions whichare still active. Highlights include the highestresolution scanning tunnelling microscopy(STM) images of SnO2 gas sensors, and theexperimental confirmation of a theoreticalprediction using STM. The gas sensor projectalso led to the discovery that the 8nmparticles used in the gas sensing experimentscould be charged by injecting electrons fromthe STM tip. This was showcased on theOmicron Nanotechnology website. Thehighlights of this remarkable discovery aresummarised below:

The drive towards nanotechnology hasemphasised the need to engineer theproperties of surfaces in unprecedenteddetail. Here, we report the modification ofnanocrystalline SnO2 surfaces using the tipof a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) toinject electrons into individual 8nm SnO2nanocrystals. The surface displays acharacteristic consistent with charge retentionwithin the grains producing dramaticenhancements in the effective height of the


Left to right, Professor Richard B Davies ViceChancellor, Professor Sir David King ChiefScientific Adviser to HM Government, ProfessorNigel Weatherill and Professor Steve Wilks.

Above: Professor Rhodri Williams and Dr AdrianEvans in the new Haemorheology Laboratory.

Diagram of the portable artificial lung

Constant current STM image of chargedSnO2 nanocrystals acquired at a tip voltageof –3V and tunnelling current of 0.3 nA. Thecolour z-scale ranges from 0 to 8nm. The dotshave been written by applying a -6V pulse onthe tip for 100µs with the feedback loop off,spelling out MNC and SIL

4x4 µm2 AFM image of type 1 and type 2nanobelts, with the type 1 nanobelt crossingover the thicker type 2

and particulate materials in processengineering and geomechanics are typicalexamples of inherently discrete systems. Theproblems often consist of an excessively largenumber of individual particles in which theoverall behaviour is determined by the motionof these particles that involves interaction mainlythrough adhesive/cohesive/frictional contact.

There is a compelling advantage in employingcombined finite/discrete element solutionstrategies to model discrete/discontinuoussystems. Discrete element methods (DEM) arebased on the concept that individual materialelements are considered to be separate andare (possibly) connected only at discrete pointsalong their boundaries by appropriatephysically based interaction laws. Originally,each element was assumed to be rigid in theclassic DEM, but the more recent incorporationof deformation kinematics into the discreteelement formulation has lead naturally tocombined finite/discrete element approaches.By modelling the continuous to discretetransformation involved in material fractureexplicitly, a physically more realisticrepresentation is obtained. This results in thesignificant benefit that the constitutivedescription of the entire process becomes moretractable and requires a reduced number ofmaterial parameters that can all be identifiedfrom standard experimental tests. This isimportant for many quasi-brittle materials, suchas rocks and concrete, where the acquisition ofreliable material data is difficult.

Besides their discrete/discontinuous nature, theproblems concerned are characterised by thefollowing additional features: they are oftenhighly dynamic with rapidly changing domainconfigurations, sufficient discretisation resolutionis required; and multi-physics phenomena areinvolved. The domination of contact/impactbehaviour also gives rise to a very strongly non-linear response. For problems exhibiting multi-fracturing phenomena, the necessity of frequentintroduction of new physical cracks and/oradaptive re-meshing at both local and globallevels adds another dimension of complexity.All these factors make the simulation of arealistic application to be extremelycomputationally intensive leading to the need

for parallel implementation of the solutionprocedures. In this respect, the use ofcommodity PC clusters is particularly attractive,but implementation is not trivial due to thecontinually evolving problem topology requiringthat dynamic domain decomposition strategiesbased on incremental migration of databetween processors must be employed tomaintain load balancing.

Figure 1 shows the flow of a particulatematerial through a screw extruder. Some250,000 particles are contained in a hopperand are then fed into the extruder system. Thisexample illustrates, in particular, the complexityof the contact detection requirements. Figure 2shows the simulation of a dragline bucketoperation. The bucket is modelled using 3Dfinite elements and the rock material isrepresented by locally clumped particles, toprovide the angularity necessary to representthe correct physical response. The aim is toimprove both the design life and the payloadof the bucket. Figure 3 shows the replicationof the Sugano test in which a reinforcedconcrete plate is dynamically loaded by alumped mass-spring system, intended tosimulate the impact of the components of anaircraft engine. The resulting fracture patternsand failure mode correspond well withexperimental observations.

Current developments are being undertaken tocouple finite/discrete element technology withother physics fields. Areas involving themodeling of ground water flow throughfracturing rock masses include slope stabilityproblems, the performance of undergroundstructures, hydraulic fracturing in oil recoveryand block caving operations. The essentialfeature of such problems is the interactionbetween the rock fracturing process and theflow of water both through individual rockblocks and along joint systems. In rockblasting applications coupling takes placethrough interaction between the gas pressuredue to explosive detonation and theprogressively fracturing rock. Effective solutionis provided by superposing a backgroundEulerian grid, for the gas pressure prediction,over the Lagrangian mesh used for fracturemodeling. The coupling takes place through


infections would recover. In the medium term,the device being developed at Swanseaoffers a bridge to transplant, meaning thatpeople face the operation fitter and with agreatly increased chance of survival. In thelonger term, the device offers an alternativeto transplantation, giving hope to sufferersfrom emphysema and cystic fibrosis.

The research was presented to MPs at aHouse of Commons Select Committee onScience and Technology in June 2006.


Professor P R Williams

[email protected]

PRINTING AND COATING RESEARCH

The Printing and Coating research group isconcerned with understanding the processesand material parameters that impact on thequality of image and film transfer. This isbeing explored in graphics applications andincreasingly in micro-manufacture by printing,including flexible electronics, displays andsensors. Research funded through the WelshAssembly Government (WAG) hasbroadened industrial interaction andsupported work in five key technology areasin the printing industry. Assigned the acronymDIPLE, this includes Digital, Industrial andPackaging printing and also seeks to applyLean manufacturing and Environmentalprinciples and to work closely with thisindustry. This has led to a large number ofcollaborative industrial research projects.

With WAG and industrial contribution,printing research has been underpinnedthrough investment in new laboratory spaceand dedicated facilities, including newmetrology and a narrow web research pressthat is suitable for undertaking research intomicromanufacture by printing. This is anunique facility within the UK. The researchgroup hosts the EPSRC network funded onIntegrated Manufacture by Printing, drawingtogether the key research groups across theUK concerned with fabrication of electroniccomponents by printing. This is beingcoupled with the work within the EPSRC

Portfolio Partnership in Complex Fluids andComplex Flows. This is concerned with theexploration of the extensional rheology ofinks, including particle laden systems and inksubstrate and ink layer interactions. Theinvestment through the WAG and EPSRCplaces the group in a leading position totackle the new challenges ofmicromanufacture by printing.


Dr T C Claypole

[email protected]

MULTI-FRACTURING SOLIDS ANDPARTICULATE MEDIAThe last decade or so has witnessedconsiderable interest in the development oftechniques suited to the modelling ofengineering problems that exhibit strongdiscrete/discontinuous phenomena. Theproblems concerned include: the progressiveseparation/failure of continua, inherentlydiscrete (particulate) systems, and a combinationof continuous and discrete media. Furthermore,in several applications of industrial relevance,the presence of an additional phase, eithergaseous, liquid or both, often controls thebehaviour of the system. Some of the mostrecent advances in the computational treatmentof continuum/discontinuum problems involvingfluid interaction are summarised below.

Many industrial and scientific problems involvemulti-fracturing phenomena characterised by atransformation from a continuum to adiscontinuous state. The problems are initiallyrepresented by a small number of continuousregions prior to the deformation process.During the loading phase, the bodies areprogressively damaged and modelling of thesubsequent fragmentation may result in possiblythree to four orders of magnitude more bodiesby the end of the simulation. Thesephenomena can be found in applications suchas masonry or concrete structural failure,mineral comminution, rock blasting in openand underground mining and thefracture/penetration of ceramic or glass-likematerials under high velocity impact. Granular


1. Screw extruder

2. Dragline bucket

3. Impact on reinforced concrete plate

collaborative research projects with a numberof local and national companies, environmentalorganisations and local authorities to addressvarious problems associated with recycling andsome examples are outlined below.

Nearly 50 million tyres (weighing ~500,000tonnes) are disposed of in the UK each yearand legislation prohibits landfilling since July2006. New techniques are being investigatedfor incorporating crumbed recycled rubber intonew products, in collaboration with FlooringTechnologies Ltd. Although the ultimate aim is torecycle the rubber crumb back into new tyresand hence close the loop, safety concernsdictate that much more confidence is requiredin the new material specification. Thus researchis initially being targeted at products for lesssafety critical applications, such as rubberflooring, and already the required specificationhas been met with up to 40% recycled rubberincorporated into the mixture.

Agriculture generates waste plastics,particularly from various packaging sourcessuch as fertiliser bags, silage wrap, etc.Research has shown that advantage can betaken of highly oriented polypropylene ribbonsin the woven sacks by sandwiching thembetween layers of recycled polyethylene whichcan be melted to form a reinforced compositematerial with significantly enhanced

mechanical performance and excellentenvironmental resistance. This work wasinitially conducted in conjunction with a WelshSME involved in collection and is nowexpanding into full-scale product manufacture.


Dr D H Isaac

[email protected]

RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM TIDALSTREAM TURBINES

The idea of harnessing tidal streams relies onthe same principles as a wind-turbine, in that arotor spins to generate electricity. However,instead of wind driving the rotor, a tidal streamturbine uses water. Fast flowing water is foundin rivers, estuaries and tidal flows and itsenergy can be converted by the turbine intoelectricity to power factories and homes.

The long-term world market for tidal streampower generation is estimated between £115and £444 billion. The Carbon Trust estimatethe UK tidal market to be £4 billion, providingabout 3% of the UK capacity or 2.5GWe.They also suggest that with significanteconomies of scale, the technology can becost competitive with fossil fuel generation.

Following a concept deployment in the RiverTawe in 2004, a nine partner industrialconsortium was formed to undertake costoptimisation and design of a 350kWdemonstration device. A £4m project to buildand install the device is underway, withdeployment in 2008. Partners includemultinational CB&I, Ledwoods MechanicalEngineering, Titan Environmental Surveys andCamplas Technology.

This is a new high value, high tech, exportmarket. UK companies currently lead the field,including Swanturbines Ltd. a spinout companyfrom Swansea University's School ofEngineering with technology developed inWales to exploit this opportunity.


Dr I Masters.

[email protected]


an interdependence between the evolving gaspressure distribution driving the fracturingprocess which, in turn, provides the porositydistribution which controls the gas pressure.Figure 4 shows the computational modelling ofa blasting operation in which fragmentation ofa rock mass is undertaken by the sequentialdetonation of a series of explosive charges.The principal objective of the simulation is todesign a process with controlled particle sizedistribution and extent of material throw.Particle transport problems for large particlescan conveniently employ a Lattice-Boltzmann(LB) procedure to model the fluid flow. Keymodelling issues involved in this coupledsolution strategy include the standard LBformulation for fluid flow, the interactionbetween fluid flow and particle/domainboundaries as well as inter-particle contact.Figure 5 illustrates modelling of the collection ofrock particles from the seabed by a vacuumingsystem. This procedure now accounts for alarge proportion of diamond mining andcomputational simulation is essential for thedevelopment of efficient equipment andoperating procedures.

The topic of continuous/discrete computationalmodelling offers significant potential for thesimulation of a wide range of scientific andengineering problems, ranging over manyphysics length scales, and promises to be anexciting area of future research activity.


Professor D R J Owen

[email protected]

MULTI-PHYSICS AND MULTI-SCALEMODELLINGMulti-physics and multi-scale simulationrepresent considerable challenges as theyinvolve not only the mathematical description ofa range of specific physical phenomena butalso capturing their interactions, and theadditional challenge of capturing the behaviouracross highly disparate time and length scales

Traditionally the numerical solution proceduresdeveloped for each physical phenomenon(e.g. flow of a fluid, stress in a solid body) are

in some senses optimised to solve that specificclass of problems. For multi-physics interactions,not only do we have to find ways of definingthe physics of the interactions through themathematical formulation, but alsoimplementing this within the software solvertools in a numerically sound fashion. When itcomes to multi-scale phenomena, we need todefine ways to capture the interactions involvedboth mathematically and also numerically.

Work has progressed for many years todevelop a range of numerically compatibleapproaches to simulating specific phenomenathat enables their closely coupled interactions tobe effectively captured – that is to both capturethe physical interactions and also to do so in acomputational stable fashion. Understandably,these calculations can be very computerintensive, and so a part of the researchprogramme has involved the development ofstrategies and tools to enable running of thesemultiphysics tools effectively on highperformance computing systems.

Recent examples of multi-physics applicationsinclude aircraft flutter – where potentiallycatastrophic oscillations in the wing areinduced by the passing fluid, the behaviour ofparachutes, the extrusion of metals where theworkpiece is forced through a deforming dieand simulation of 9/11 type scenarios whereone body collides with another at high speed.In the context of multi-scale modelling currentresearch includes predicting segregation andgrain structure in solidifying alloys, and theanalysis of reactive porous media systemswithin the context of metals recovery.


Professor M Cross

[email protected]

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCHMATERIALS RECYCLING

In recent years sustainability has become anissue of widespread international concern tothe extent that recycling of materials is now oneof the most significant challenges of the 21stCentury. The University has established


4. Bench blasting operation

Swanturbines Ltd: energy from tidal streams

5. Particle transport within a fluid medium

The Water Research Group is focusing on arange of important aspects. A major effort isbeing directed towards drinking water safetyplanning, to define acceptable levels ofsimplicity/complexity, to determine theadequacy of current water catchment planningprocesses and the possible impact of climatechange, and to determine a risk assessmentsystem that can also be used in the simulationof water quality incidents for training purposes.This work involves several water companiesand liaison with the Environment Agency.

This major research initiative is being supportedby the development of a multi-stage watertreatment model that incorporates 3D flowanalysis and probability assessment (incollaboration with WRc), by the deterministicmodelling of phytoplankton in water supplyreservoirs (working with several watercompanies) and by the simulation of lead andcopper emissions from domestic pipes.Additionally, a major research programme hasbeen initiated in the removal ofCryptosporidium oocysts in the treatment ofswimming pool waters and related poolmanagement issues, supported by the UK’sPool Water Treatment Advisory Group.


Dr C R Hayes

[email protected]

EMERGINGRESEARCH/TECHNOLOGIESBIOPOLYMERS AND BIOCOMPOSITES

Polymers and composites derived from plantshave advantages in that they come fromsustainable sources and can bebiodegradable. Presently, they tend to be usedfor short term packaging applications, butresearch is underway to understand theirweathering behaviour to allow longer-term andoutdoor usage in the agriculture, constructionand automotive sectors. Collaborativeresearch with local industry and the Universitiesof Bangor and Warwick is underway toestablish methods of controlling and predictingthe life of such materials.


Dr J C Arnold

[email protected]

ADVANCED COMPOSITES

The development of novel high performancematerials introduces demanding requirementsfor mechanical characterisation. This is clearlyillustrated by current research within theMaterials Research Centre at Swansea into thefatigue and creep performance of advancedceramic matrix composites. These systems offerexcellent high temperature capability, as highas 1400˚C, which must be replicated in thelaboratory setting. Swansea is leading theevaluation of both “high end” aerospace


HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS

Coated steel products are of immensesignificance to society through their widespreaduse in food packaging, domestic appliances,cars and buildings. To illustrate the scale ofproduction of such materials, the UK steelindustry produces over 1 million tonnes of pre-finished (painted) steel annually for theconstruction industry, two thirds of which isused purely for covering buildings (equivalent to100 million m2). The continuing challenge isto produce such materials at reasonable cost,with lifetimes in excess of 30 years and withminimal environmental impact. Over a ten yearperiod of collaborative research betweenCorus, Swansea University and the coatingmanufacturers a new generation of multi layerproducts have been developed. This work hasbeen co-funded by EPSRC (£2 million since1996) and research grant income forequipment and personnel worth £600,000 iscurrently in place for the next 5 years.

By adding aluminium and magnesium to thezinc galvanising bath using a unique£400,000 hot dipping simulator a newgalvanising coating has been developedwhich is now in production. The corrosionresistance of this layer is improved by corrosioninhibitors in the paint. Traditionally strontiumchromate has been used which is toxic andcarcinogenic. A new class of ceramic basedion exchange pigments based on bentoniteclays are currently in the final testing phasewhich can act as smart release agents torelease non toxic corrosion inhibitors incontrolled amounts. The colour stability andrelease of plasticiser molecules has also beenoptimised using the latest analytical techniquessuch as FTIR Raman microscopy as well asunique testing methods developed within theuniversity which can indicate stability issueswithin six hours where normal testing takes2000 hours. This is allowing the industrialpartner to offer environment friendly materialswith increased durability.

Over the next ten years the focus isfunctionality. The partnership between thecoatings industry, the university and the steelmaker is now developing (in partnership withother leading UK universities) photovoltaic

cladding materials which generate electricity byexposure to sunlight. Here a form ofphotovoltaic coating is being developed whichwill be applied as a ‘paint’ and if an efficiencyof just 5% is achieved in energy conversion 1years production will generate over 1% of theUK electricity requirement. Further functionality isbeing explored in self repair coatings, systemswith self-thermostatting capability (to reducebuilding air conditioning costs) and a system toremove contaminants from rain water to allowits use in buildings reducing the demand forpotable water. New coating technologies arealso being investigated including application ofpaint in a similar fashion to a photocopier andthe use of plasma and chemical vapourdeposition to provide unique interfaces forsubsequent coating.


Dr D A Worsley

[email protected]

WATER RESEARCH

At the 2002 Earth Summit, the only topic theworld’s leaders could agree on was water, toattempt to halve the world’s sanitation deficit by2015. This daunting challenge requiresresearch into new technologies as well asways to optimise existing infrastructure, withadditional emphasis on risk identification andits minimisation.


Fatigue and creep failures in advancedceramic matrix composites.

activities could also result in atraumatic facturesfor elderly people. To gain a betterunderstanding of femur fractures is undoubtedlyimportant for reducing the injuries andimproving surgical treatments. To date, medicalobservations and surgical experience havebeen a cornerstone in the study of fracturepatterns and the development of surgicalimplants for fracture stabilization.

The Swansea research group has developed ahighly advanced numerical modeling system tosimulate femoral fractures under various realisticfalling conditions. The complexity inherent inthe problem presents numerous challenges forestablishing a realistic finite element model forfemoral fracture. A stack of computedtomography (CT) scans of a patient’s femur isfirst processed to recover its geometry and avolumetric finite element mesh is generated.Then the finite element model is analyzed withall necessary mechanical conditions to obtaindynamic fracturing patterns.

The above modelling strategy has successfullyreproduced fracture patterns consistent withthose seen in clinical practice, and therebyproviding a powerful predictive tool to gainfurther insights into bone fracture mechanisms.Various implant treatments and designs canalso be effectively examined. In addition, thecurrent modeling strategy can lead to anadvanced patient-specific fracture riskassessment and treatment system.


Dr Y Feng

[email protected]

SCIENTISTS MAKE BREAKTHROUGH INFINGERPRINT RECOVERYTECHNOLOGY

Innovative new technology being developedwithin the Materials Research Centre couldplay a crucial role in the fight against guncrime and terrorism.

A method has been devised for retrievingfingerprints from metal surfaces such as guncartridges and bomb fragments. To date,recovering this evidence has been extremelydifficult, as fingerprints on metal surfaceshave to be made visible with specialpowders and chemicals that do not workwell on the ‘ecrine’ (water-rich) sweat printsoften encountered. There is the addedproblem that the volatile, organic componentof prints can be destroyed by the hightemperatures caused by firing a gun ordetonating a bomb.

The technique being developed overcomesthese difficulties by exploiting the tinyelectrochemical reactions caused when theinvolatile, inorganic salt component of thefingerprint sweat deposit comes into contactwith a metal surface. Using a ScanningKelvin Probe (a device that measures theelectrical potential of a surface), the changescaused by these reactions are measured andused to produce an image of the print, evenfrom surfaces that have been exposed totemperatures up to 600ºC. The team hasalready proved that the new technique workswith iron, steel, zinc, aluminium and brass andcan also read prints from a curved surfacesuch as cartridge cases. The overall aim is toproduce a forensically usable prototype device


grades and low cost ceramic variants, incollaboration with Rolls-Royce who recognisetheir potential for specialist turbine applicationsof the future.

Rolls-Royce has also commissioned researchinto iron-cobalt metal matrix composites. Theseunique materials are aimed at future “moreelectric engine” designs which will incorporateelectrical generators within the core of thecompressor. This will impart demandingcombinations of stress and temperature onthese composites and the Swansea researchwill support their safe operation once in-service.


Dr M R Bache

[email protected]

SELF-DIAGNOSING COMPUTERS

X1Recall is the world’s first self-learning, web-based software designed for discoveringdiagnostic knowledge from historical data.

The objective of this project is to use artificialintelligence to produce a self-learning andself-evolving casting process, which willrender right-first-time products, and ensuretotal quality together with flexibility andenhanced productivity.

X1Recall won the recent regional TechniumChallenge competition. It is currently beingused by a consortium of froundries and isactively supported by the Cast MetalFederation - UK's only Casting TradeAssociation.


Dr R S Ransing

[email protected]

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

Among the several areas pursued, finiteelement modelling of human upper airways isprogressing rapidly. The work in this area isbeing developed in collaboration withclinicians and physicians at Singleton Hospital,Swansea. It is an excellent example ofapplying engineering to healthcare.

The objective of the human airway project is todevelop a computer modelling tool to improvethe understanding of human upper airwaysusing scans. By understanding the airwaymechanism it may be possible to betterunderstand the human upper airway relateddiseases such as sleep apnoea, throat cancerand nasal airway blockage. The idea is todevelop a computer model from the scans ofthe patients with such problems.


Dr P Nithiarasu

[email protected]

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF FEMURFRACTURE: FROM COMPUTEDTOMOGRAPHY IMAGES TO DYNAMICFRACTURING PATTERNS

Millions of hip fractures occur around the worldannually, leading to substantial personalsuffering and social and economic burdens tothe society. Traumatic hip fracture can becaused by simple falls; while performing daily


Finite element mesh

Simulated fracture patterns compared with realfemur fracture

benefited from a £2.4m upgrade to its facilitiesthat included a dedicated research area forover 50 PhD students and a suite of roomsdedicated to the training of masters students.New high performance computing hardwarethat provides support for much of thecomputational research work has been installed.The Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centrebenefited from funds from SRIF, the RoyalSociety and the Research Capacity Fund of theHigher Education Funding Council of Walesthat totalled over £2.5m. This funding enabledstate-of-the-art laboratories to be established andpurpose designed rooms for research staff.More recently, over £1m has been invested ina refurbishment for the Electronics SystemsDesign Centre. Within these refurbishments aresearch breakout suite has been created thatprovides researchers from across the Schoolwith facilities to meet colleagues in a relaxedatmosphere, where they can interact with theaim of promoting multidisciplinary collaboration.

RESEARCH FELLOWSThe School research reputation has beenfurther strengthened by the recent awards ofdistinguished research fellowships to some ofits young outstanding researchers. These

include Dr Thierry Maffeis, who has receiveda Royal Society University Research Fellowshipto investigate novel nanoscale materialssuitable for next generation devices andsensors, and Dr Paul Williams who receivedan Advanced Research Fellowship from EPSRCto study biomolecule and biologicalnanoparticle properties controllingbioseparations. Both Fellowships are for fiveyears yet these researchers have beenappointed immediately to lecturing positions.

These awards are in addition to a RoyalSociety Industrial Fellowship held by ProfessorPaul Tucker in collaboration with Rolls-Royce anda new award of Advanced Senior ResearchFellowship to Dr P. Nithiarasu who will use thefive year Fellowship to explore new problemsand challenges in computational biomedicine.

In 2006 the School has also been awardedfive RCUK Academic Fellowships. These fiveyear Fellowships are intended for high flyingresearch assistants who show great potential inresearch and developing into distinguishedacademics. Given the profile of these awards,the Fellows will be given academic positionsfrom the outset. They will be appointed in theareas of Materials Engineering, Nanomedicineand Biomedical computation.


based on the new technology.


Professor H.N. McMurray.

[email protected]

PETROLEUM RESERVOIR SIMULATION

Petroleum reservoir simulation involvescomputing the numerical solution of theequations of flow in subsurface reservoirscomprised of a porous medium, e.g. rocks,sand and shale. Petroleum reservoir simulation isperformed routinely by the major oil companiesin order to determine the best oil recoverystrategy in terms of well locations and fluid/gasinjected. The flow modelling process requiresthe use of grids that can honour the complexgeometries that result from the geologicaldefinition of the reservoir and numericalapproximation schemes that can faithfullyrepresent the flow equations on such grids.

The research is focussed on the development ofappropriate numerical methods that canreliably compute physical flow solutions. Thecoupled hyperbolic - elliptic flow equationsystem is modelled on structured andunstructured grids. New finite volume methodsfor solving the hyperbolic - elliptic system areunder development together with rock propertyupscaling and grid generation techniques. Thiswork is supported by ExxonMobil and EPSRC.


Dr M G Edwards

[email protected]

COLLABORATIVE TRAINING WITHINDUSTRYEngineering at Swansea has a reputation for itslinks to industry, business and commerce both inWales, the UK and internationally. Most of theresearch undertaken is in collaboration withindustrial partners and this has been a majorcontributing factor to the success in attractingsignificant levels of funding for many years. Thepresent portfolio of research funding exceeds£20m within the School.

The interaction with industry takes many forms;direct funding for research projects, exchangeof research staff, collaborative partnerships innetworks or as part of larger projects, such asEU Framework Consortia, collaborative use ofspecialist equipment, and advisory andconsultancy services. In addition, an importantactivity and a central theme of knowledgetransfer between the School and its industrialpartners, is the collaborative training ofresearchers. In this area the School has ajustified reputation that was further strengthenedby a major award from the Engineering andPhysical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

The School was awarded £5.981m fromEPSRC to support its Masters and EngineeringDoctorate collaborative training programmes.The total value of the package was £8.8m,with the difference being made from directcontributions from over 30 companies, withCORUS contributing over £1m. The awardbuilds on the acknowledged excellence of theSchool in providing high quality postgraduatetraining and has secured funding for over 250studentships over a 4 year period.

The School is acknowledged for its excellencein postgraduate training and the funds continuethe highly successful Engineering Doctorateprogramme with CORUS as well as Mastersprovisions in power generation/aerospace,recycling technology, printing and coating andcomputational modelling. In addition the fundshave been used to support new masters coursesin nanotechnology/nanoscience and inenvironmental management.

The award, which is the largest single grantever made by EPSRC to a Welsh University,provides training programmes that covertechnical subjects tailored to meet the needs ofspecific industry sectors, combined asappropriate with modules to develop personal,professional, business and managerial skills.

INVESTMENT IN RESEARCHINFRASTRUCTURESince the School was formed in 2001 over£6m has been invested in enhancing theinfrastructure for research. In particular, the Civiland Computational Engineering Centre


Institute of Advanced TelecommunicationsHead - Professor Jaafar Elmirghaniwww.swansea.ac.uk/iat

Telecommunications is a field that is sometimes taken for granted, yet it is an industry thatdominates our lives, whether in the form of consumer products, such as mobile phones, satellitenavigation and interactive television, or in less obvious ways, such as medical research,diagnostics and security.

The Institute of Advanced Telecommunications (IAT) is an EU funded collaboration between theUniversity, the Welsh Assembly Government and some of the world’s leading multinationaltelecommunications companies. Over the next six years, IAT will open up new research in areasthat encompass deep space telecommunications, optical systems and networks, wirelesscommunications and telematics.

Building on the University’s strengths in engineering, physics, computing and mathematics, IAT will create an environment that focuses on developing products with real industrial andcommercial potential. The Institute is a genuine leap forward for telecommunications researchand will help to create the next generation of telecommunications applications.

Future research at IAT will underpin the teaching and learning environment at SwanseaUniversity. New degree schemes, including a range of flexible MSc courses, will be introduced,tailored to meet the research and development needs of telecommunications companies.Ultimately, IAT’s ability to translate research concepts into commercially viable products is a result of the strong network of industry partners – large and small – who provide their supportand will ensure that IAT will have an immeasurable impact on our understanding andapplication of advanced telecommunications.

Moreover, using world-class scientific research as a powerhouse for economic regeneration will ensure sustainable, well-paid employment, making South Wales one of the most attractivelocations to work in the area of advanced telecommunications.

IAT’s true strength lies in its partners. The household names already involved with the Institutedemonstrate the value that companies at the forefront of the telecommunications industry placeon the opportunity to collaborate with internationally renowned scholars. There is also a numberof smaller, les well-known companies, whose partnership and support is nevertheless equallyvalued; these businesses could well be tomorrow’s industry leaders.

Professor Jaafar Elmirghani

Head, Institute of Advanced Telecommunications

Institute of

Advanced Telecommunications

73

HETEROGENEOUS IP NETWORKS(HIPNET)

Partners: Ericsson, Freescale, Artesyn,University of Cambridge, University of Essex,Aston University

This EPSRC/DTI-supported project is run incollaboration with Ericsson, Freescale (formerlyMotorola Semiconductors), ArtesynCommunication Products (a softwarecompany), University of Cambridge, Universityof Essex and Aston University. The project,valued at over £20million over 3.5 years, hasa telematics strand where future telematicsnetworks and wireless systems are modeledand validated.

ICT is a substantial part of the UK’s GDP and isof vital importance to the UK economy. In thepast five years the UK has made substantialprogress in creating one of the mostcompetitive broadband markets in the worldand is seeing 3G mobile starting to make areal impact on services. All this is leadingtowards the UK being a digitally rich economy,with ICT becoming all-pervasive in our lives.

The HIPNet project supports the UK inmaintaining this technological lead byproviding knowledge and skills in the

validation and verification of these complexICT networks through a combination ofexperimental development and modelling. Itwill focus on traffic modelling and thenetwork testing of techniques needed toeconomically achieve the required levels ofQuality of Service for multiple services, inNext Generation Networks (NGNs), underconditions of traffic growth and also ofmajor disruption. This activity is set againstthe background of a step change innetwork features which is driving thisadditional complexity.

A test-bed that contains all the constituentnetwork components of a NGN is to bedeveloped to validate end to end servicedelivery. In addition it is important to be able topredict the behaviour of complex networks anddevelop rules to ensure that the networks beingbuilt can be scaled to meet the needs of newand evolving services. This aspect of thenetwork validation can be performed by anumber of modelling activities, which can thenbe verified by comparison with the results fromthe network test-beds

The primary business goal of the HIPNetconsortium is to position the UK to exploit and


RESEARCH PROJECTSTINA (The INtelligent Airport)

Partners: University of Cambridge, UCL, Laing O’Rourke, BAA, Motorola, Ericsson, Red M, Boeing

This EPSRC project aims to develop a nextgeneration advanced wired and wirelessnetwork to meet the potential requirements forfuture “intelligent networks”. Airport terminalswill increasingly require ubiquitous systems withhigh levels of computational power to providethe necessary intelligent automation; to providehigh quality services to passengers; stringentlevels of safety and security that are asunobtrusive as possible; efficient processing ofcommercial goods and luggage; high qualityinformation systems; airport transportationsystems and appropriate support for in-housecommercial ventures. These requirements willinvolve both fixed and mobile appliances, andhence an intelligent, adaptive, self-organisingand self-managing wired and wirelessinfrastructure will become an essential asset. Thisproject therefore seeks to develop a newseamless wireless/wired ubiquitous infrastructureable to meet the above requirements.

REACH (Radio-Fibre Enabled AccessHighway)

Partners: University of Cambridge, AgilentTechnologies, BT Exact

This is a strategic project, funded through KEF,which aims to transform the currenttelecommunications broadband market. It

seeks to address problems in finding low costtechniques of providing broadband deliveryto the home/business with high quality ofservice provision. The project aims todevelop a hybrid fibre/radio access networkwhere radio frequency (RF) signalling is usedfor the final crop to the home/businesssupported by backbone fibre links. Home userdata rates of between 100 Mbit/s and 1Gbit/s are envisaged.

IRIS (Intelligent Radio-Fibre TelematicsScout)

Partners: Motorola, Traffic Wales, O2,Writemedia, NextGen, University ofCambridge

This KEF-funded project looks at ways ofdelivering enhanced services to motorwayusers, providing them with live trafficinformation and triple play services on in-cartraffic information terminals or bespoke systems.It has the following objectives:

• To research and develop a novel highspeed cellular wireless system that operatesat 70 Mbit/s – 100 Mbit/s with interfacesto optical backbone. The system willoperate in a motorway setting, and will usedesigns recently conceived by researchersat the University. This system will be about30 times faster than 3G cellular systems.

• To design novel medium access controlprotocols capable of sharing the spectrumamong users within the cells withappropriate handover procedures.

• To research and develop a high speed in-car wireless network operating at 400Mbit/s using ultra wide band withappropriate multimedia interfaces. This willbe about eight times faster than the currentWiFi standard.

• To research and develop new algorithmscapable of statistically modelling, analysingand predicting road traffic based on thereal-time data produced by the inductiveloops and to integrate the algorithms in thehardware with appropriate multimediainterfaces.

• To build prototypes that demonstrate theresults.

74 Institute of Advanced Telecommunications


enhance competitiveness and business.Primarily this will be achieved by increasing thedirect sales of consortium members to both UKand Global operators, and equipmentmanufacturers. An additional benefit of theHIPNet consortium is that the work is leveragedacross other sectors such Education, Healthand the Environment.

VILLAGE E-SCIENCE FOR LIFE (VESEL)

Partners: Motorola, Ericsson, University ofBradford, Imperial College London

In the United Kingdom information andcommunication technology is part of oureveryday life from chatting and taking pictureson a mobile phone to writing an essay forcollege and being able to buy goods in theshops or on-line. The situation for ruralcommunities in Africa is very different, wherecommunities rely upon farming to providefood to eat and sell and yet lack valuableinformation, for example about their soil, theweather forecast or the location of the bestmarket for their goods. There is also a lack of

basic literacy skills and little knowledge ofICT. Technology ought to be able to do agreat deal to help these communities toimprove food and water security, educationand health. But what is the right technologyand how can we help these communities touse it effectively? This is the question at theheart of this EPSRC funded project. A team ofUK experts in telecommunications, renewableenergy sources, sensor technology, educationand design will work with local experts atNairobi University, organizations such asaidworld, agricultural information providersand teacher training organizations in Kenya.This collaboration will enable us to define themost urgent information requirements for arural farming community and to design theappropriate technologies to meet these needs.This may mean providing sensors to giveinformation about soil quality, cameras to takepictures of crops or the internet for up-to-dateweather information and communication withother villages and the world beyond. VESELwill work with trainee teachers to help them touse technology within the community and set


up the school as an ICT hub, and will workwith children to see how they can help theirfamilies to use and maintain the technology tobest effect. Our aim is to fuse educationaland environmental objectives to empowerlocal communities.

This project is of relevance to ruralcommunities in Africa and beyond, inparticular those involved in agriculture andteaching. The work and findings will be ofinterest to local collaborators, for example atUniversity of Nairobi, and to teacher trainingcolleges and agricultural bureaus. It will alsobe of benefit to Commercial and Industrialorganisations and to the InternationalResearch community from disciplinesinterested in Bridging the Global DigitalDivide issues. A further audience existswithin Local development and Educationalpolicy makers.

INTEGRATED STORAGE AREANETWORKS (INSTANT)

Partners: University of Cambridge, ALPSElectric UK Ltd, and Xyratex

The objectives of this EPSRC/DTI-fundedproject are:

• To develop a new form of fibre and free-space high capacity distributed (100 kmradius), dynamic, reconfigurable opticalfibre storage area network.

• To enhance the performance andreconfigurability of the network usingrecently developed low cost WDMtechnologies with a typical wavelengthcount of 10, each running at 10 Gb/s.

• To demonstrate protocols capable ofsolving the routing and wavelengthassignment problem and accessing thenetwork end to end with high bandwidthefficiency, minimum latency andminimum number of wavelength asnecessary constraints.

• To enhance the flexibility of the networkusing local free space links to ease physicalreconfigurability and enhance upgrading.

• To address the issues related to protectionand restoration in hardware and protocol(redundancy or otherwise) as INSTANT willalso be sensitive to information loss.

• To carry out system demonstrations in realuser environments.

To achieve this, the project will bring togethera range of expertise in optical devices,components and systems; optical networkarchitecture and protocols; chip, board,system, software and storage; free spaceoptical links and electronic manufacturing;massive content storage and retrieval coupledwith access to real storage traffic for trials. Itwill produce a working demonstrator that willcapture the main features studied.

LAMDA USER CONTROLLEDINFRASTRUCTURE FOR EUROPEANRESEARCH (PHOSPHOROUS)

PHOSPHOROUS is a seven million euroEUFP6 funded project involving 22 Europeanpartners. A new generation of scientificapplications is emerging that couples scientificinstruments, data and high-end computingresources distributed in a global scale.Developed by collaborative, virtualcommunities, many of these applications haverequirements such as determinism, shared dataspaces, large transfer of data, and latency thatare often achievable only through dedicatedoptical bandwidth (lambdas).

The advent of high capacity optical networkingcan satisfy bandwidth and latency requirement,but software tools and frameworks addressingend-to-end provisioning on-demand ofbandwidth need to be developed. Furthermore,this should be done in coordination withprovisioning other resources (CPU and storage)and span multiple administrative and networktechnology domains. In response to the aboverequirements, PHOSPHOROUS will addresssome of the key technical challenges to enableon-demand end-to-end network services acrossmultiple domains. The PHOSPHOROUSresearch is expected to provide applicationswith the ability to be aware of their Gridresource (computer and network) environmentand capabilities, and to make dynamic,adaptive and optimized use of heterogeneousnetwork infrastructures connecting various highend resources. The PHOSPHOROUSassessment will rely on the experimental activityto be carried out on a distributed test-bedinterconnecting European and Worldwideoptical infrastructure.

DTI bid, total project value £5 million. A newdistributed data storage and retrievalnetworked environment is proposed whereaudio, video and still images are stored andhandled in a broadband mesh wirelessnetwork that implements city managementfunctions. Given appropriate architectures andprotocols, the network nodes can be fixed ormobile and can provide searchable securityfeatures supporting the enforcement agenciesand searchable citizen media-rich traffic andparking information, tolling and congestionmanagement. New tools will enable archiving,aggregating and searching distributed storageat cameras and automated number platerecognition systems for applications such asvehicle tracking, parking location identificationamong others. Cities in the UK andinternationally have expressed clear interest.Demonstration activities are planned.

KEY APPOINTMENTS

IAT builds on links with industry in the UK,North America and Japan established by theCommunications and Photonics Group set upin 2000 by Professor Jaafar Elmirghani,who now heads the Institute. ProfessorElmirghani’s achievements in promotingcollaboration within the sector wererecognised by the Harold Sobol Award forExemplary Services to Meetings andConferences at the 48th annual IEEE (Instituteof Electrical and Electronic Engineers)Globecom Conference in St Louis. Inaddition, the IEEE UK and Republic of IrelandCommunications Chapter, chaired byProfessor Elmirghani, was named “SuperiorRegional Chapter”.

The first phase of the IAT project involves theappointment of 40 staff, including sixprofessors. One of the senior academics tojoin the team is Professor Nick Doran, whojoined IAT in January 2006.

Professor Doran was formerly the ChiefTechnology Officer and founder of Marconi-Solstis, which developed and installed theworld’s longest land-based ultra-high capacityoptical communications system in 2003. Heis well known for his pioneering work inoptical solitons and has published more than150 papers on the subject. He developed

the concept of dispersion managed solitons,which is now a widely deployed technologyin high speed optical systems.

Professor Jinho Choi received his MSE andPhD degrees in electrical engineering from theKorea Advanced Institute of Science andTechnology (KAIST), Daejeon, in 1991 and1994, respectively. He joined IAT as Chair inWireless Communications in 2006.

His research interests include wirelesscommunications and array/statistical signalprocessing. In particular, he has expertise inreceiver design and beamforming techniquesfor wireless communications, and has authoreda book for adaptive and iterative signalprocessing. Currently, he focuses on jointdesign for multiuser transmission and receptionin 4G wireless systems.

Professor Choi received the 1999 Best PaperAward for Signal Processing from EURASIP andis a Senior Member of IEEE. Currently, he is anEditor of the Journal of Communications andNetworks and an Associate Editor of IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology.

Professor Michel Marhic gained his PhDentitled ‘The ponderomotive force exerted on aplasma by an infrared laser beam’ from theUniversity of California, Los Angeles, in 1974.He was appointed assistant professor atNorthwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, andover the following two decades wasappointed variously as visiting and associateprofessor to institutions within the US includingthe University of Southern California’s PhysicsDepartment’s Center for Laser Studies in 1979-80 where he pursued research in whispering-gallery waveguides for CO2 lasers.

Other professors will be joining IAT soon.Biographical information will be published onthe IAT website (www.swansea.ac.uk/iat)when they take up their posts.


Professor Jaafar Elmirghani,

[email protected]


MOTOROLA’S COLLABORATION WITH IAT

Motorola supports the Institute of AdvancedTelecommunications (IAT) at SwanseaUniversity on a number of joint andcollaborative projects and a number ofrelated initiatives which include projects suchas IRIS, TINA and VESEL.

COST 291 – TOWARDS DIGITALOPTICAL NETWORKS

The explosive growth of data, particularlyInternet traffic has led to a dramatic increasein demand for transmission bandwidthimposing an immediate requirement forbroadband networks. An additional drivingforce for higher capacity, enhancedfunctionality and flexibility networks is theincreased trend for interactive exchange ofdata and multimedia communications.

The primary objective of this EU FP6 fundedproject is to focus on novel network conceptsand architectures exploiting the features andproperties of photonic technologies, to enablefuture telecommunications networks. It aims topropose a new generation of systems andnetworks that will accommodate theunpredictable and growing size of data filesand messages exchanged over globaldistances requiring an agile CommunicationGrid. These need to provide end-to-endbandwidth for a variety of applications andoffer a future proof, flexible, efficient andbandwidth-abundant fiber-optic networkinfrastructure capable of supporting ubiquitousservices in a resilient and secure manner.

CITY MANAGEMENT

Current R&D joint work between IAT andMotorola, is the subject of a £2 million EPSRC-


School of the Environment and SocietyHead of School - Professor Mike Barnsleywww.swansea.ac.uk/environment_society

The recently formed School of the Environment and Society brings together a wealth of researchexpertise in the environmental and social sciences to address fundamental issues shaping naturalsystems, human societies, and the interrelationship between the two. Our ambition is to producework of the highest calibre that is recognized by the academic community for its originality,significance and rigour, and that is valued for its timeliness, relevance and impact bycommercial organizations, public institutions and civil society.

This ambition is advanced through a set of internationally renowned research groups, researchcentres and research institutes that span biological sciences, human and physical geography,sociology and anthropology, and international development studies. Research groups focus onadvancing research frontiers in specific aspects of environmental and social science, oftenthrough large multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional projects funded by agencies such as theResearch Councils, Government Departments, the European Union and charitable organizations.Research centres and research institutes engage with a much broader range of interlockingresearch frontiers that demand visionary leadership, innovative scholarship and the co-ordinateddevelopment of basic, strategic and applied research agendas.

The School is proud of the achievements of its research groups, centres and institutes, all of whichdepend upon the expertise, enthusiasm and dedication of the individual members of our researchcommunity. The School is therefore committed to ensuring that research-active staff and studentshave the very best research culture and research environment within which to work: from inspiringseminar series and research mentoring to super-computing facilities and state-of-the-artlaboratories. As well as working hard to secure multi-million-pound investments in our social,physical and technological infrastructure, we have also sought to ensure that our mission of beinga truly research-led School is borne out in practice across the full range of our activities.

Professor Mike Barnsley

Head, School of the Environment and Society

School of the

Environmentand Society

81

LAND SURFACE/CLIMATE FEEDBACKS

Interannual variations in ocean temperature,such as those occurring during El Niño and LaNiña events, affect the climate system bychanging the patterns of atmosphericcirculation. This, in turn, affects the occurrenceof rainfall. Thus, while some areas seeincreased precipitation during El Niño events(e.g. Kenya), others experience reduced levelsof rainfall (e.g. Brazil, Indonesia). This patternis often reversed during La Niña events.Changes such as these directly affect thegrowth and behaviour of vegetation. Indrought-stressed vegetation, for example, thelevel of photosynthetic activity is typicallyreduced, as is the release of water vapour intothe atmosphere. These and other vegetation-related changes feedback onto the climatesystem in some cases accentuating, in othersdiminishing, the initial climatic perturbation. TheCLASSIC consortium is investigating thesefeedback mechanisms using a combination ofsatellite-sensor data and climate modelling.

For further information contact:

Dr Sietse Los

[email protected]

NEW SATELLITE-SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

One component of CLASSIC's work concernsinteraction with the UK and international spaceindustry. The aim is to feed the outputs ofCLASSIC research into the development of newEO sensors better matched to the needs of thescience and end-user communities, and to callon these companies as a further source ofexternal advice to guide our research. TheCLASSIC consortium has active links with manycompanies including Sira Electro-Optics Ltd,EADS Astrium and BAE Systems, through itsinvolvement in a range of satellite-sensormissons. One example of these links is thePROBA/CHRIS mission.

The Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA-1)satellite was launched from Shriharikota, Indiaon 22 October 2001. Developed and built bya consortium led by the Belgian companyVerhaert, and funded by the European SpaceAgency (ESA), PROBA-1 was originallyintended to be a short, experimental, mission.Its primary objective was to test a number ofinnovations in platform design, principallyrelating to altitude control and recovery fromerrors, which would enable it to operateautonomously; that is, with the minimum amountof intervention from the ground. PROBA-1carries on board a small number of scientificinstruments, intended to demonstrate the use ofthe platform for both space and environmentalstudies. These include a sensor for detectingspace debris, a space radiation-environmentmonitor and two digital cameras. The principalscientific instrument on board PROBA-1,however, is the Compact High ResolutionImaging Spectrometer (CHRIS). This sensoracquires high spatial resolution (17m or 30m)images of Earth's surface in up to 62 narrowspectral channels located in the visible andnear infra-red wavelengths.

In addition to their respective scientific andtechnological objectives, the combination ofCHRIS and PROBA is intended to serve as ademonstration of a faster approach to thedesign, launch and operation of scientificsatellite-sensor missions. In this context, `faster'


CLASSIC

The Climate and Land-Surface SystemsInteraction Centre (CLASSIC) is a NaturalEnvironment Research Council (NERC)Collaborative Centre funded under the EarthObservation Centres of Excellence programme.Hosted at Swansea University, CLASSIC bringstogether a consortium of researchers from theNERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology atWallingford and Monks Wood, the Universitiesof Durham, Exeter and Leicester, and theHadley Centre for Climate Prediction andResearch. The Centre’s principal aim is toreduce uncertainty in assessing the actual andpotential effects of climate change through animproved understanding of the feedbackmechanisms that exist between the land surfaceand the atmosphere. This is being achievedthrough the development of improved Land-Surface Schemes and Dynamic VegetationModels, within both Global and RegionalClimate Models, that fully reproduce theseinteractions and that can be driven bydynamic, spatially comprehensive data on theterrestrial biosphere, such as those providedfrom Earth Observation.

Research underway at CLASSIC includesmapping atmospheric aerosol particleconcentration over the Sahel (the border of the Sahara Desert).

Data from the Advanced Along Track ScanningRadiometer (AATSR) on-board the EuropeanSpace Agency's Envisat satellite are being usedto measure the concentration of small particles

(aerosols) in the atmosphere. These include sea-salts, mineral dust particles which emanatefrom arid regions, smoke from forest fires andheavy industry, and sulphur from volcaniceruptions as well as industrial pollution.Atmospheric aerosols have a significant netnegative forcing effect on the Earth's radiationbudget. For instance, increases in manmadeemissions throughout the industrial era are likelyto be the cause of a decrease of solarradiation reaching the ground.

Understanding the sources, distribution andtransport of aerosol particles within theatmosphere is vitally important for informingclimate models. Satellite remote sensing canbe used to measure aerosols over very largeareas and in a timely manner. It is envisagedthat spaceborne observations will play apivotal role in reducing uncertainty of radiativeforcing due to aerosols.

The main feature of the AATSR instrument is thatit acquires two simultaneous observations of thesame area of ground from different viewingpositions. These measurements are acquiredthrough atmospheric profiles of different lengthsthereby allowing the atmospheric properties tobe inferred. To retrieve the aerosol properties aphysical model of light scattering is applied tothe AATSR observations.

For further information contact:

Dr Peter North

[email protected]

82 School of the Environment and Society

sustain ecosystems in the face of natural andanthropogenically-forced change.

This is not a trivial issue, requiringunderstanding of how the physical environmentchanges according to circumstance, how thisaffects animals and plants operating within theenvironment, and how the various biologicalelements affect each other and ultimately affectthe physical environment. The complexities ofinteracting elements within environments make itclear why the School of the Environment andSociety is such an excellent entity within whichthe IES is located. True understanding ofenvironment functioning requires a multi- andinter-disciplinary approach, and the interactionsbetween geographers, biologists,development studies specialists, sociologistsand anthropologists will ensure that this willhappen. The School prides itself in havingexpertise that deals with issues from themacroscopic (global climate change) to themicroscopic (DNA in mitochondria in singlecells), from outer space (satellites scanning theearth's surface) to the inner space of bodies(disease in fishes), and dealing withappropriately diverse, but inextricably linked,matters: How much forest does the worldhave, what can ice sheets tell us about climatechange, how can tree rings act asenvironmental diaries, what is needed to saveenigmatic megafauna such as turtles, and howis it that animals as tiny as plankton can shape

the planet? Clearly, all the elements neededfor the mission to be undertaken are present.

Simple incorporation of competent researchunits into an establishment, however, does notnecessarily lead to interaction between groups.Communication between researchers will befostered by ensuring that the various researchgroups are located close to each other within asection of the Wallace building, to be definedas the IES, and that a congenial common roomattracts people who can get together in aninformal atmosphere. The simple truth is thatsome of the best ideas, the best research,come out of getting the right people togetheron a regular basis.

What will make the IES different from the hostof similar institutions round the world? Asidefrom making a concerted effort to bringSwansea's best environmental research brainstogether, the IES will be actively promoting an'eyes-open' approach to its science. While fewwould argue that systematic, hypothesis-basedresearch is not important to good science, wemust also acknowledge that an extraordinarynumber of major break-throughs have beenmade by those with their eyes sufficiently wideopen to notice the unusual, off-the-beaten track,and recognise its potential. Examples areFleming with his not-so-mouldy bread leading toantibiotics, Archimedes with his own particularupthrust in the bathwater, and Rutherford,whose bounced-back particles betrayed the


refers to the relatively short time-period (two tothree years) between the selection of CHRIS asthe Announcement of Opportunity (AO)instrument and the launch of the PROBAplatform. One of the most significant benefits ofthis approach is the potential for greaterresponsiveness to the current and future needsof scientific users.

A novel feature of the PROBA-1 platform is thatit can be manoeuvred in orbit using a set of fourreaction wheels. These allow the satellite to bepointed off-nadir in both the along-track andacross-track directions. This agility confers anumber of obvious benefits. First, it increases thearea of the Earth's surface that is potentiallyvisible to the on-board imaging instrumentsduring a single orbit. Second, it allows theinstruments to acquire images of cloud-freeareas of the Earth's surface at the expense ofcloud-covered ones, and to avoid sun glint overwater bodies. Third, by slowly pitching duringimage acquisition (i.e. through motioncompensation), it is possible to improve thesignal-to-noise performance by increasing theintegration times. Finally, it provides a means bywhich images can be recorded at differentsensor view angles. The latter is, of course,important for studies of the bidirectionalreflectance properties of the Earth's surface, andcan also be used to generate digital elevationmodels through stereo photogrammetricreconstruction. In fact, PROBA-1 can be pitchedsufficiently quickly along-track so that fiveseparate CHRIS images can be obtained for agiven target area during a single orbitaloverpass, with each image recorded at adifferent sensor view angle. This multiple-view-angle (MVA) imaging capability, in conjunctionwith the high spectral and spatial resolution ofCHRIS, provides an enormously rich source ofdata for the scientific investigation of the Earth'ssurface and atmosphere.

For further details contact:Professor Mike Barnsley

[email protected]

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYIn 2005, a total of £3.5 million was allocatedfrom the second round of the Science ResearchInfrastructure Fund (SRIF2) and SwanseaUniversity to develop a new research institute,the Institute of Environmental Sustainability (IES).The money has been spent, large sections ofthe East wing of the Wallace building havebeen renovated and restructured, newanalytical equipment and facilities have beeninstalled, and the IES will shortly be fullyoperational.

So what exactly is the IES supposed to do? Acentral issue in modern life is change. Neverbefore in the history of humankind have our day-to-day activities been subject to such rapidchange and, although the environment aroundus is continually changing in its own right,increasingly, we are also becoming aware thatour very existence on the planet is provokingchange in ecosystems. In times of such rapidchange it is simply not enough to stand around,bemused, monitoring how things differ from oneday or year to the next. We need to understandthe features inherent in environmental stability, aswell as those that can provoke change, so thatwe can predict likely scenarios for the future andmitigate against them, if necessary. The overallmission statement of the IES is therefore that:

The IES is dedicated to understanding thefeatures that make up, and account for, thestructure and stability of natural and semi-natural environments, so that, ultimately,suggestions can be made as to how to


GLACIOLOGY GROUPThe Glaciology Group undertakes researchand teaching in Glaciology and theCryosphere, specialising in understanding theprocesses that regulate glacier dynamics, flowinstabilities and surging, and glacier fast flow.The group uses a wide variety of techniquesincluding geophysics, numerical modelling andremote sensing, and current field projects spanthe Arctic, Antarctic and Alps.

The issues that the group aims to addressinclude quantification of the past and futurecontribution from glaciers and ice sheets to sea-level rise; understanding the processes drivingthe present rapid and dramatic changesobserved in glaciers, and the instabilitiesinherent in glacial systems; and understandingthe record of palaeo-ice mass instabilities andthe processes that drove these changes.

Some of the research projects currentlyunderway within the group include

GREENLAND OUTLET GLACIERDYNAMIC CHANGESA new report into Greenland glaciers hasdemonstrated a sudden dynamic response toclimate change. The Glaciology Group usedsatellite remote sensing to understand howglacier flow rates change over time. Thegroup, led by Professor Tavi Murray andDr Adrian Luckman, looked atKangerdlugssuaq and Helheim glaciers in

East Greenland and findings have now beenpublished which suggest that Greenland'sresponse to climate change may be muchmore rapid than expected.

The report demonstrates that Kangerdlugssuaqand Helheim glaciers, between them draining6% of the ice sheet, have suddenly acceleratedand retreated after a period of relative stability.Their behaviour is remarkably similar eventhough they are more than 300 km apart, andclosely resembles that of Jakobshavn Isbræ inWest Greenland, which saw a similar abruptchange from 1998 and is yet to stabilize inspeed. It seems likely that other Greenlandoutlets will undergo similar changes, whichwould impact the mass balance of the icesheet more rapidly than predicted.

Around half of the snow falling on Greenland islost as melt-water while the other half isdischarged as icebergs through fast-flowingoutlet glaciers to the sea. Like Kangerdlugssuaqand Helheim, many of these outlets have beenthinning dramatically in recent years in responseto climate warming. This thinning is not in itselfa great cause of concern, but the suddendynamic response triggered by this thinning atKangerdlugssuaq and Helheim has greatlyincreased their rate of iceberg calving. Recentreports predicting the eventual loss of theGreenland ice sheet are based on models thatdo not take into account this kind of dynamicresponse, so the initial rate of sea-level rise islikely to be more rapid than expected.


existence of the nucleus in the atom.Serendipitous observations are made byspecial people, and one could argue that suchpeople cannot be moulded. However, thechances of seeing the unusual increase with thenumber and type of eyes.

The School of the Environment and Societyalready has people working with satellite-based remote-sensing systems - eyes in the sky -to give a global overview. But this will beenhanced by a new thrust based on highlyaccurate recording technology using sensors inthe environment to measure everything from thecreeping movement of glaciers, through thedaily growth of plants, to the feeding whims ofinter-tidal shellfish and the energy that penguins

invest in acquiring food in ever-more perturbedmarine systems. Our new eyes on Earth willtherefore allow us to 'see' things where beforewe were blind. It is this multi-dimensional visionthat should lead to special insights which resultin world-class research. This will not only reflectthe university strategy in helping produce aresearch-led establishment but also go someway to helping society understand what isneeded to maintain our world as beautiful as itshould be.

For further details contact:Professor Rory Wilson

[email protected]


increased compaction of basal sediment,interpreted as changes in quantity, location andpressure of water within the glacier bed, havebeen observed. All these changes haveoccurred on timescales of a few years or less.This degree of variability is far higher thanexpected. It shows that an ice stream canreorganise its bed rapidly and suggests thatpresent models do not yet simulate all therelevant subglacial processes.

Seismoelectric exploration of thecryosphere

A new survey technique for glaciology hasbeen shown to provide repeatable and strongsignals on Glacier de Tsanfleuron, Switzerland.The technique involves the conversion of soundenergy (seismic) to electromagnetic energy atinterfaces such as at the transition between dryand wet ice and the ice-bed. The movement ofwater relative to solid particles at the interfacegenerates electrical signals that can bedetected at the ice or snow surface.Seismoelectric techniques promise to allowmapping of thin, water-bearing strata withinor beneath glaciers or frozen ground,estimation of hydraulic or fluid properties ofsuch strata, as well as monitoring of icefracturing or basal properties and processesat improved spatial resolution.

For further information, please contactProfessor Tavi Murray

[email protected]


SVALBARD LIDAR CAMPAIGN 2005Historical tidal records show that, over the 20thCentury, global sea levels rose byapproximately 15 centimetres and forecastspredict a further rise of between nine and 88centimetres over the 21st Century. Excludingthermal expansion, it is believed that themajority of the last century’s sea-level rise camefrom the melt of small glaciers. The glaciers inSvalbard, between the Arctic Ocean, BarentsSea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea,north of Norway, are expected to make adisproportionate contribution to future sea-levelrise because of their sensitivity to climatechange. The aim of the research project is toestimate the contribution of glacial melt fromSvalbard to 20th Century sea-level rise and toforecast its contributions to future rises.

Mass balance measurements of selectedbenchmark glaciers in Svalbard are madeusing the novel approach of controllingphotogrammetry using historical aerialphotographs with contemporary digitalelevation models produced using a laserscanner mounted on an aircraft (LiDAR).

The 2005 field season was highly successful.Data were collected successfully for six of thebenchmark glaciers. Mass balancemeasurements of these will provide welldistributed and long-term mass balancemeasurements. These results will be upscaled toarrive at an estimate of sea-level risecontribution for the archipelago and to forecastsea-level rise under different climatic scenariosfor the 21st Century.

RABID: Basal conditions on Rutford IceStream, West Antarctica

The vast majority of the ice in Antarctica isdischarged through fast-flowing ice streams.These form arteries through the ice sheet and,despite occupying only 10% of the coastline,discharge around 90% of the snow falling onthe ice sheet in winter. Predicting the future ofthe world’s ice sheets and their impact on sealevel requires an understanding of subglacialprocesses, as they are a key control on theflow of the ice streams.

The RABID project, which is a collaborativeinitiative between the British Antarctic Survey

and the University, aims to improve predictionsof the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheetduring climate change. Specifically, the projectaims to investigate the flow of a West Antarcticice stream on timescales from hours/minutes togeologic times, and to elucidate the ice streambasal conditions and the role of these incontrolling ice stream dynamics.

During the period 28th October 2004 to 28thFebruary 2005, Professor Tavi Murrayundertook fieldwork on the Rutford Ice Stream,West Antarctica. For almost three months shelived and worked “deep field” in tents.

Observations from the project show activeprocesses beneath the ice stream that cannormally only be postulated from thegeological record. The observations showerosion at a rate of one metre per yearbeneath a fast-flowing Antarctic ice stream,followed by a cessation of erosion and therapid formation of an active drumlin from fullymobilised sediment. Both mobilisation and


VOLCANIC EVENTS AND PASTCLIMATE CHANGE Natural archives such as ice-cores andsediment records from the oceans and lakesprovide considerable evidence for the patternof past climatic and environmental changes.Detailed investigations of such records arefundamental for improving our understanding ofnatural climatic events, particularly as humanactivities are thought to be altering the globalclimate system. The last warm episode orinterglacial period (over 100,000 years agoin particular) serves as the closest analogue forunderstanding the mechanisms, timing andenvironmental responses that may lead to aglaciated Earth at the end of the current warmepisode. Reconstructing the sequence andtiming of past climatic events in widelyseparated localities, however, is hampered bylarge dating errors and the lack of suitabledating techniques. Matching and comparingclimatic records from the oceans, continentsand ice-sheets in order to understand theenvironmental responses to climatic events is,therefore, problematic.

Dr Siwan Davies is addressing this issuethrough the use of volcanic events.Instantaneous deposition and dispersal ofvolcanic ash following an explosive eruptionoften occurs over large geographical areasand these deposits are often incorporated asdistinct marker layers within different archives.In recent years, it has become clear that theseash deposits can actually be traced overthousands of kilometres from volcanic sources,providing a key technique for the precisecorrelation of natural archives. A detailedrecord or framework giving the age and

chemical composition of past volcaniceruptions is essential for the successfulemployment of this technique and the onlyavailable archive with the necessary temporalresolution and independent dating control toprovide this information is the Greenland ice-sheet. Funded by the Natural EnvironmentResearch Council, and in collaboration withcolleagues at the University of Copenhagen,Stockholm University and University of Wales,Aberystwyth, this research project is basedpredominantly on the volcanic recordcontained within the Greenland ice-cores thatprovide an unprecedented insight into climaticchanges over the last 123,000 years. Moreoften than not, these layers cannot be identifiedby the naked eye due to the low concentrationof ash present in the ice. Thus, a specially-adopted technique is employed to use thechemical signature of the ice to pinpoint andextract volcanic ash particles within the ice-corematerial between 123,000 and 70,000 yearsago. Geochemical analysis of each layer willprovide a fingerprint of each eruption toidentify its volcanic source and to establish linksto the same deposit identified in othergeological records.

Constructing a framework of this kind willprovide a detailed record of the timing andfrequency of volcanic activity during the end ofthe last interglacial and the beginning of thelast cold episode. This scheme will be of long-term significance and will provide a betterunderstanding of natural climatic events.

For further information, please contactDr Siwan Davies

[email protected]


MILLENNIUM RECONSTRUCTING A THOUSANDYEARS OF EUROPEAN CLIMATEMillennium is a palaeoclimate project whichwill answer a single question: does themagnitude and rate of 20th Century climatechange exceed the natural variability ofEuropean climate over the last millennium?

The £9 million ‘Millennium’ project, fundedby the EU 6th Framework Programme andco-ordinated by Professor DannyMcCarroll, brings together about 100scientists from 15 European countries. Theproject’s aim is to examine and reconstructEurope’s climate over the last thousand yearsusing a combination of historical records anda variety of ‘natural archives’. Tree rings fromthe Alps, Scotland and Fennoscandia arebeing examined, as are insect and plantremains from lakes and peat bogs in thesame areas. Changes in the North Atlanticare being investigated using the remains ofmicroscopic sea creatures and long-livedannually-banded clams from sites off thecoasts of Scotland and Iceland.

There is now overwhelming evidence thatEarth’s climate is warming, in response tochanges in the atmosphere caused by humanactivity such as the burning of fossil fuels- theso-called ‘greenhouse effect’. Millennium willnot identify how much of the recent warminghas been caused by humans, but it willindicate the degree to which the current hightemperatures and rapid rate of change areunusual. The results will also feed into climatemodels, helping them to make betterpredictions of the likely impacts of climatechange in the future.

This multi-disciplinary project marks a majorstep forward in the University’s attempt tounderstand the nature of climate change inEurope. The project encompasses some ofEurope’s leading historians, chemists,physicists, biologists, geographers, andgeologists and the research conducted byProfessor McCarroll’s international team willbe amongst the most comprehensive studiescarried out on this scale. Together withCLASSIC, this project confirms Swansea’s

status as a world-class centre for research instudies of climate change.


Professor Danny McCarroll

[email protected]


CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLEAQUACULTURE RESEARCHThe Centre for Sustainable AquacultureResearch (CSAR) is the School of theEnvironment and Society’s new state-of-the-artfacility dedicated to researching sustainablecultivation methods for aquatic organisms. Themission of the Centre is to develop newapproaches to aquaculture, focused onproviding the highest standards of animalhealth and welfare, with minimal impact on thenatural environment. This is beingaccomplished through a programme ofinterdisciplinary research, drawing on a widerange of expertise, both within the School andacross the University as a whole. Theseactivities align fully with the Welsh AssemblyGovernment’s priority of providing neweconomic opportunities and new sources ofhigh quality seafood through sustainableaquaculture. Furthermore, the Centre has thepotential to support wild fisheries in Wales andbeyond, for example by transferringaquaculture technologies to developingcountries that currently rely heavily on fishing.

CSAR was established as part of theEuropean Union and Welsh AssemblyGovernment funded “Aquaculture Wales”project. Construction of the £2m researchcentre has been jointly financed by SwanseaUniversity and the EU - Welsh AssemblyGovernment funded “Aquaculture Wales”project. The Centre provides Wales with aworld-class platform for research on thesustainable aquaculture of practically anytropical or coldwater marine or freshwater fishor invertebrate.

The facility’s flexibility is already seeing the firstfruits of commercial collaboration with Welshbusinesses. Research partners include theAnglesey-based turbot farming company,Bluewater Flatfish Farms Ltd, and Dragon FeedsLtd, a Baglan-based company developing highquality aquaculture feeds based on Kingragworm. Interactions with Welsh businesseshave also been strengthened recently by meansof several ESF-funded PhD studentships. CSARwill further develop its supporting role to localindustries within the recently approved WISEproject (Welsh Institute for Sustainable

Environments), an ERDF-funded initiativecombining teams from the Universities of WalesBangor, Swansea and Aberywstyth, in supportof the Welsh environmental goods and servicessector. The Centre is also applying its expertisein technical aquaculture to develop transferabletechnologies for tropical marine ornamental fishand invertebrates, including colourful clownfishand dwarf angelfish.

Farmed animal welfare and environmentalprotection are at the core of the Centre’sapproach. Water recirculation technologyprovides optimal growing conditions forlivestock, protecting them from disease andpreventing the discharge of waste back to theenvironment. Over and above its commitmentto environmental sustainability, CSAR isestablishing a solid foundation for countlesscommercially viable projects that willrejuvenate the industry and ensure thataquaculture in Wales is at the forefront ofglobal activity in this field.

RESEARCH PROJECTSNutrition and health of farmed aquaticanimals

CSAR researchers are engaged in a range ofapplied feed development and healthmanagement projects, including work on theinfluence of dietary protein source on feeddigestibility and faecal properties of marine fishand an evaluation of processed marinepolychaete worms in formulated diets for fishand crustacea. Both these projects aresupported by commercial partners. Anothercommercially supported study into the ontogenyof disease resistance mechanisms during thelarval development of the green shore crab, isfunded through NERC.

Cultivation of tropical marine ornamentalspecies

The research team is applying its expertise intechnical aquaculture and sustainabledevelopment to develop transferable productiontechnologies for tropical marine fish andinvertebrates. Current species of interest includedwarf angelfish, clownfish, cleaner shrimp andgiant clams. Collaborative links include theMalaysian Semporna Islands Project andUniversity of the South Pacific, Fiji.


ANIMALS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENTDo penguins eat like gannets?

Few people appreciating the charismaticnature of penguins realise that these birds areimportant in the global scheme of things, andparticularly the impact that they may have onmarine resources.

The most recent estimates for penguin foodconsumption are based on models thatindicate that the world’s penguins consume23.6 million tons per year, almost a third ofthe estimated 80 million tons per yearremoved by humankind. Clearly, penguins area force to be reckoned with, and given thathumankind has been overfishing the world’soceans for decades, such assessments wouldindicate that penguins too might be modifyingthe marine food web substantially.

However, such models are based on a largenumber of assumptions whose validity is oftendifficult to assess. Researchers in the School ofthe Environment and Society have decided toattack the problem directly and have beenconducting studies to measure how muchpenguins really do eat. This is done byequipping nesting birds with tiny devices that

store all sorts of information about the animalsand their environment when they go to sea. Inparticular, the devices store data on beak-opening angle many times per second with thedata becoming available to the researchersonce the penguin has returned to its nest andhas had its device removed. When a‘beakometer’-fitted penguin feeds, acharacteristic pattern is produced in the beak-angle data which allows the researchers todetermine exactly how many fish have beeneaten and when.

Furthermore, since penguins open their beakswider to swallow bigger prey, it is evenpossible to determine the mass of each preyitem. Use of this technology on MagellanicPenguins breeding in Patagonia has shown,shockingly, that the birds sometimes consumethree times as much as they apparently need.For instance, one 4 kg bird managed toswallow 2.6 kg of food in just 8 hours, a featthat would necessitate that a comparable 70kg human get through about 50 hamburgersbetween breakfast and supper!

Further studies on penguins in captivity indicatethat the throughput time for food swallowed bypenguins depends on how much they eat -when they eat a lot the processing time is shortwhereas when they eat only a little they spenda long time digesting. Since the amount ofenergy that penguins extract from their foodseems to depend on the time they spenddigesting, it appears that penguins at seaconsuming a lot do so ‘wastefully’ whereas thefussy eaters are more ‘energy-saving’. In fact,taken as a whole, the system makes perfectsense. When prey are abundant the penguinscan, and do, impact on them substantially,perhaps controlling their numbers at a timewhen the prey populations are booming.However, when the prey are scarce, penguinstake the bare minimum, thus giving the preystocks a chance to recover. The system ispartially self-controlling, elegant and logical.Not so the world’s fishery, where quotas are setat the beginning of the fishing season andadhered to whatever.

For further details contact:Professor Rory [email protected]


The mechanism was revealed through the useof mathematical models of plankton behaviourand has developed from work undertaken atSwansea over the last decade. The criticalfeature in the models is the simulation of thepredator switching between prey items whenone becomes unpalatable, a feature notdescribed in other models.

Understanding how Red Tides form will informresearch into ways of combating this harmfulphenomenon, which ultimately will facilitatebetter protection of marine life and the manymarine-dependent economies that are affectedby these unsightly and dangerous blooms.

As zooplankton are an essential feed forjuvenile fish, the research is also likely togenerate commercial opportunities. Associatedexperimental work on the importance of dietfor zooplankton growth, published by ProfessorFlynn's group in the journal Science last year,together with the new models of zooplanktongrowth developed by Dr Mitra, will form thebasis for new explorations into the enhancedproduction of zooplankton reared inSwansea's new Centre for SustainableAquaculture Research.

Related to the work with phytoplankton and

zooplankton, Professor Flynn is also workingwith Dr.Colin Hayes in the School ofEngineering on the development of modelsdescribing algal growth in reservoirs, wherethey impact upon water treatment processesand the quality of drinking water supplies.

R.V. NOCTILUCAThe Biological Sciences research vessel R.V.Nocticula is used for marine research and fortraining in connection with the University’steaching and research programmes. R.V.Noctiluca was designed and built in Finland. Itwas commissioned in 2001.The unique twin-hulled, shallow draft, aluminium vesselcombines speed, manoeuvrability andefficiency with a flexible work platform. Thevessel is suitable for a wide variety of scientifictasks ranging from hydrographic assessment totrawling and other forms of bottom sampling.

R.V. Noctiluca is a 12.5m diesel poweredcatamaran capable of 20 knots. It can cruiseat 16 knots with a range of 500 nauticalmiles, consuming only 3.8L of diesel oil permile. Able to turn in her own length, she hasa wide aft deck with an A-frame fordeployment of trawling and grab gear, and a'moonpool' for deployment of smaller


Water quality management and wastewater treatment technologies

CSAR will expand its research on water qualitymanagement in land-based fish farms, with twonew EU Framework 7 cooperative projects.“GRRAS” (Growth Retardation in RecirculatingAquaculture Systems) is aimed at identifyingand eliminating sources of growth inhibitingfactors in commercial marine fish farms, anddraws on the expertise of the University’sInstitute of Mass Spectrometry. The secondcooperative project, “AquaDeGas”, willdevelop and evaluate new methods forcontrolling the levels of dissolved gases in fishrearing systems.

These projects will complement the Centre’scurrent research to develop cost-effectivemethods for aquaculture waste-water treatment,within the EU-funded AquaETreat project.


Dr. Robin Shields

[email protected]

WISE The 'Welsh Institute for SustainableEnvironments' (WISE) -- 'Sefydliad CymreigAmgylcheddau Cynaliadwy' (SCAC) is a jointventure of the three Universities at Swansea,Bangor and Aberystwyth. The WISE project ispart funded by the European RegionalDevelopment Fund. The project will create abridge between the university research sectorand small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs)in order to support and grow businesses in thewhole sector of environmental goods andservices, natural resource use andmanagement, and sustainable development.The project will make a wide range of appliedresearch capability, knowledge andtechnological innovations available to theprivate sector based primarily on the expertiseand specialized skills available in the threecollaborating institutions. The project will notonly promote joint initiatives and effectivecooperation, but aims to engender a culture of,and infrastructure for, technology transfer fromthe applied research base to innovativecompanies so that west Wales is better able to

meet the challenges of the next decades. Eachinstitution has a unique but complementaryfocus and set of skills that will be available toall participants. This ambitious project reflectsthe commitment of the National Assembly forWales as well as the three universities topromoting sustainable development and therecognition that SMEs must play a vital role inadopting, adapting and developing newtechnologies and methodologies if theseambitions are to be realized.

For further information, please contactDr Geoff Proffitt

[email protected]

UNDERSTANDING RED TIDESScientists in the Institute of EnvironmentalSustainability have uncovered a newmechanism responsible for the formation of'Red Tides', the colloquial term for densepatches (or blooms) of harmful algaeresponsible for the deaths of shellfish, finfishand even mammals, including humans.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on theincrease around the world, with occasionaldevastating impacts on coastal environments.Most types of algae (also called phytoplankton)are harmless, single-celled organisms at thebase of the food chain. Occasionally, certainspecies of algae accumulate in dense patchesjust below the surface of the water. A related,although totally harmless organism, is'Noctiluca', which blooms occasionally off theGower Peninsula.

In an article published in the Royal Societyjournal Biology Letters, Swansea University's DrAditee Mitra and Professor Kevin Flynndescribe a new mechanism for the formation ofharmful algal blooms, helping to explain thedevelopment of Red Tides.

The algae produce a toxic substance thatmakes them unpalatable to their naturalpredators, zooplankton. The zooplankton turninstead to consuming other 'good' algae andeventually to cannibalism, releasing nutrientsthat are consumed by the ever enlargingharmful algal bloom.


wounds, they can rapidly remove the necrotictissue, clean the wound and enhance thehealing process. The presence of at least twoantimicrobial factors have been discovered inthe fly secretions, one of which can kill MRSA(Bexfield et al., 2004). With new support fromAction Medical Research, the team is nowisolating and characterising these importantantibacterial factors and testing their killingpotential for a range of human pathogens.

Thirdly, insect vectors of diseases have adynamic association with the parasites andpathogens that they transmit. The diseaseorganisms interact intimately with the vectortissues, utilising specific host molecules in orderto develop and multiply in their insect hosts.They can then be transmitted to the humanvictim during blood feeding by the insect vector.

Scientists in Swansea and in Fiocruz (Rio deJaneiro, Brazil) funded by the EU, CNPq andFAPERJ have been investigating the insect host-parasite interaction of the blood feeding bugs,Rhodnius prolixus, with the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagasdisease across much of Central andS.America. It is estimated that 200 million poorpeople are at risk from this disease with 50-75,000 dying every year. Recent work hasdiscovered that following an infectedbloodmeal, there is a rapid and significantdecrease in parasite numbers in the insect gutbefore contact with the host tissues. The causeof this reduction appears to be the naturallyoccurring bacteria that exist in the gutalongside the newly ingested parasites. The team has shown that a pigment, calledprodigiosin, produced by the bacteria isprobably responsible for the killing of theparasites. This is important as it indicates thatthe microbes in the vector gut act asdeterminants of parasite survival and thereforecontribute to the ability of these vectors totransmit many important diseases.

For further information, please contactProfessor Norman Ratcliffe

[email protected]

BIOMOLECULAR ANALYSIS MASSSPECTROMETRYThe Biomolecular Analysis Mass Spectrometry(BAMS) Facility was officially opened in 2003and is a collaborative entity betweenBiological Sciences and the Medical School.One of the long standing interests ofBiochemists and Mass Spectrometrists (MS) atUWS has been the use of MS in studyingnucleosides, nucleotides and cyclic nucleotides:the former two compounds are precursors ofthe nucleic acids, the genetic machinery of thecell, while the latter two are key factors in theregulation of metabolism and the transfer ofsignals from one cell to another.

Professor Newton and Dr Dudley of theBAMS facility, in collaboration with ProfessorEsman’s Group at the Nucleoside ResearchUnit & Centre for Mass Spectrometry andProteomics of the University of Antwerp, haverecently made a significant breakthrough inunderstanding the fragmentations of keynucleosides during MS.

Mass Spectrometry involves the break up ofmolecules under controlled conditions, andidentification of the resultant fragments is usedto deduce the molecular structure of the originalmolecule. With several nucleosides, a numberof unexplained MS fragments have beenwidely reported over the last decade: thecollaborating partners have now been able toidentify them. An in-depth study of thefragmentation of guanosine was conducted bya novel approach. The equivalent of MS4-data, in which a single peak in one spectrumis fragmented, then a single peak in the secondspectrum selected and fragmented, then theprocess repeated twice more, was obtained ona Q-TOF mass spectrometer. The combinationof the features of high resolution and accuracyattained permitted the unambiguous elucidationof the different fragmentations. As aconsequence formerly proposed dissociationpathways of guanosine were revisited andelaborated more deeply, while new pathwayswere explained by the recognition that prior tofragmentation some of the analyte moleculescombined with water found in the collision gas,argon, used to induce fragmentation. The gainof H2O by particular fragments of guanosinewas experimentally proven by using argon,saturated with H2

18O, as the collision gas.


instruments and samplers between the hulls.The vessel is also equipped with the latestnavigation aids enabling her to operateoffshore for several days. There is on-boardbunk accommodation for four; with cookingfacilities, WC and shower.

For further information, please contactProfessor Kevin Flynn

[email protected]

INCREDIBLE INVERTEBRATESInvertebrates comprise approximatel 97 %of all animal species and, of these, over75% are insects with numbers of insectspecies estimated to be between two and30 million. There are only around 4,000species of mammals but 400,000 speciesof beetles alone occupying practically everyhabitat on earth! Insects are generallyloathed as pests in the house and gardenwith beneficial species such as honey-beesreceiving scant attention.

There is good reason to hate insects as, inwarmer countries, they transmit diseasesincluding malaria, sleeping sickness, yellowfever and river blindness, with malaria alonekilling a million children every year. Of theten most important tropical diseases affectingthe poorer nations, eight are transmitted byinvertebrates. We should not be complacentin the UK since, as a result of globalwarming, new arthropod-borne diseases arelikely to emerge. Despite their poor image,research on repulsive insects, outlined below,has yielded, surprisingly, information of greatbenefit to humankind.

Fascination with insects results from the factthat many, including cockroaches andmaggots, thrive in niches, such as foul-smelling, infected human wounds andexcrement-laden caves filled with hugenumbers of microbial pathogens andparasites. How do insects resist theundoubted onslaught from these organisms,many of which would soon infect and killhumans, despite our sophisticated immunedefences? Results from Swansea researchand others have shown that invertebratesrely entirely on innate immune mechanisms

for resistance to disease, and lack theantibody-secreting white blood cells(lymphocytes) of vertebrates. Humans toohave innate immune mechanisms but theseare augmented by acquired immunedefences (antibodies, lymphocytes, etc) thatimpart both memory and specificity againstre-invading pathogens. Even in humans,however, innate immunity provides the first-line defence dealing with the majority ofwould-be pathogens.

Scientists in the Department of BiologicalSciences, led by Professor Norman Ratcliffe,have researched invertebrate innate immunityfor over 30 years. There are now 3 maintopics of investigation of insect immunity inSwansea:

Firstly, the detection, isolation andcharacterisation of the so-called patternrecognition receptors (PRRs) present in theblood of insects and which recognise and bindto the cell-wall components of invadingmicrobes. This recognition activates othercomponents of the innate immune system, suchas the white blood cells and antimicrobialpeptides, which attack, kill and remove themicrobes from the circulation. Funded byBBSRC, the team has isolated six of these PRRsfrom the blood of the lowly waxmoth, Galleriamellonella. Tremendously interesting is that threeof these molecules ie. calreticulin,apolipoprotein III and peptidoglycan-recognition protein, are homologous or verysimilar to mammalian proteins (Whitten et al.,2004). However, only by discovering theirfunctions in innate immunity of Galleria was thefull potential role of these PRRs in mammalianimmunity realised. Thus, due to the fact thatinnate immunity is remarkably conservedthroughout the animal kingdom, simple insectmodels can be used to identify PRRs ofrelevance to mammalian immunity.

Seccondly, in collaboration with Dr YamniNigam (School of Health Sciences), Dr SteveThomas (Zoobiotica, Bridgend), ProfessorRuss Newton and Drs Alison Bexfield, LizBond and Ed Dudley (Bio.Sciences andBAMS lab.), the team has been investigatingthe external secretions of fly maggots. If theselarvae are applied to highly infected human


CITY VISIONS: THE MECHANICALREPRODUCTION OF SPACEThis project, which is being undertaken byProfessors David Clarke and Marcus Doel,is concerned with developing a moresophisticated understanding of the relationshipbetween visual technologies and changes inurban culture. Its principal focus is the roleplayed by late nineteenth-century and earlytwentieth-century visual technologies in theabstraction and engineering of space and time - paying particular attention to thetransformation of the city as ‘perceived,’‘conceived,’ and ‘lived’ social space. Whilst asubstantial element of the project concentrateson early film, the research also covers abroader range of pre-cinematic visualtechnologies, such as the magic lantern, thephantasmagoria, the panorama, the diorama,and the stereoscope. A clearer understandingof the changing configuration and relativetrajectories of these technologies is allowing fora major retheorization of the appearance of‘animated photography’ (film) in the 1890s.

The earliest phase of the work, which receivedsupport from the Arts and Humanities ResearchCouncil, involved viewing a significantproportion of the surviving early films held inthe collection of the National Film andTelevision Archive at the British Film Institute inLondon. Archival research was conductedsimultaneously into the discourses of filmproduction, distribution, and reception, usingthe trade journals of the nascent British filmindustry held at the British Film Institute andLibrary of Congress in Washington DC. Laterphases of the research have begun to drawupon recent accounts of modernity, mobility,and landscape to suggest how urban spaceand visual culture are reciprocally related.Planned path-breaking work into therelationship between the magic lantern andearly film will provide new insights into theconnections between different technologies.

The project is also broaching the question ofwhy early visual culture should have begun toexert such popular fascination over recent years,as evidenced by television programmes such asthe BBC’s The Lost World of Mitchell andKenyon. Film projects using so-called ‘found

footage’– such as Patrick Keiller’s The City of theFuture and Gustav Deutsch’s Welt Spiegel Kino(World Mirror Cinema) – are considered as ameans of addressing the significance of earlyfilm in contemporary culture.

CENTRE FOR URBAN THEORY Cities represent the most complex anddynamic of social environments. The Centrefor Urban Theory is dedicated to advancingunderstandings of the changing nature ofurban society. Research undertaken within theCentre aims to develop and enhancetheoretically informed understandings of urbanspace, especially with respect to the impressof global consumer capitalism and changingmedia technologies.

The Centre, directed by Professor DavidClarke, focuses on the advanced theorizationof cities. In particular, it is concerned withdeveloping new conceptual approaches to aidin the understanding of our increasinglycomplex urban societies and their increasinglyglobal constitution.

Key areas of theoretical engagement andcurrent research specialisms include thetheorization of cities in terms of politicaleconomy, poststructuralism, actor-networktheory, non-representational theory, andcomplexity theory. The Centre also examinesthe conceptualization of cities as actor-networkswithin a global space of flows, and the impactof social, cultural, economic, and politicalglobalisation on cities.

Other research interests include cities as foci ofspatio-temporal experimentation and innovativespatial practices; urban visual culture andurban memory; city cultures, especially inrelation to modernity and postmodernity; andthe significance of media technologies for cityliving and urban lifestyles.

The Centre’s Associate Directors are ProfessorMarcus Doel (pictured) and Dr Richard Smith.


Professor David Clarke

[email protected]


Data indicating the occurrence of morecomplex reactions in the collision cell as aresult of the presence of H2O were produced,explaining the hitherto unexplained fragmentsaccruing from such nucleosides. Molecularmodelling experiments and in silico calculationshave been used to support the experimentalobservation of neutral gain by guanosinefragments and predicted a similar behaviour foradenosine, with the latter subsequentlyexperimentally confirmed.

As a fundamental scientific observation, thereport of “Intriguing mass spectrometricbehaviour of Guanosine under low energycollision-induced dissociation: H2O-adductformation and gas phase reactions in thecollision cell” was given expedited publicationin the Journal of the American MassSpectrometric Society. Application of themethodologies developed by Swansea andAntwerp have been applied in a number ofstudies including examination of the urine ofcancer patients of Dr El-Sharkawi of theOncology unit, Singleton Hospital Trust, inwhich one compound, 5/-deoxycytidine,which has never been previously identified in

man or any other mammal, has beendemonstrated present in patients with head andneck cancer, while the correlation of theincidence of this and other modifiednucleosides in the urine with stage of thecancer development has created optimism thatMS analysis of these compounds will be ofgreat benefit in diagnosis.

For further information, please contactProfessor Russell Newton

[email protected]


THE PEER ETHNOGRAPHICRESEARCH METHODThe Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation andResearch (PEER) method developed at theUniversity’s Centre for Development Studies(CDS) is one of a number of tools arising froman initial £200,000 DfID research programmegrant. It addresses the limitations of many of theapplied quantitative and qualitative methods,which dominate development studies practice.

PEER is an innovative, rapid approach toprogramme design, monitoring, evaluation,and research, and has been used in a rangeof sectoral and cultural contexts. PEER is anapproach to building dialogue for socialchange. It enables agencies and programmesto engage with communities, gives voice topoor and marginalised groups, and facilitatesactive participation in decision-making.

The PEER approach is based upon trainingmembers of the target community to becomeresearchers, evaluators and change agents. Dr Neil Price, a Reader at CDS, along withDr Kirstan Hawkins, a CDS Fellow, designedthe PEER approach in response to the need forparticipatory evaluation and research methods,which give voice to poor and marginalisedpeople and strengthen the capacity of civilsociety to participate in decision-making. PEERis based upon the anthropological method,and enables programmes to gain an in-depthunderstanding of the realities of the everydaylives of the poor and marginalised. Unlike thetraditional anthropological approach, PEER canbe carried out over a short timeframe.

Since 1999, the approach has been fieldtested and applied successfully in severalgeographical and programme settings,including Zambia (an urban adolescent sexualand reproductive health project), Rwanda (apeer study of young women and theirvulnerability to HIV), India (a study of truckdrivers and rickshaw drivers, once againfocusing on HIV risk and vulnerability),Cambodia and Myanmar (sex workerHIV/AIDS behaviour change programmes),Nepal (a rural safe motherhood programme)and Brazil (government health servicesdevelopment programme).

The application and use of the approach inthese and other settings has demonstrated thatpeer ethnology can make a significantcontribution to the understanding of health-seeking and sexual behaviour, and to thedesign and implementation of interventionsthat address the needs of the poorest andmost vulnerable.

A Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) runningfrom April 2005 to March 2007 operatesbetween the Centre for Development Studies atSwansea and Options Consultancy ServicesLtd. Options provides consultancy, technicalassistance and management services in thehealth and social sectors in developing andtransitional countries. Ben Rolfe, a KTPAssociate employed by the University, isworking with Options to acquire skills inethnographic research and is working onrefining the PEER methodology.

Results of the PEER process in Zambia

As a result of PEER, peer evaluator/researcherswere able to identify groups who were notbeing reached by youth friendly services, inparticular: young women engaged incommercial sex; out-of-school youth; men whospend time in bars; and bus-drivers andconductors. The research also identifiedpotential new programme approaches to reachmore vulnerable and marginalised youngpeople in the compounds.

Results of the PEER process in Cambodiaand Myanmar

PEER was used in Cambodia and Myanmarto design a social marketing campaign toaddress condom use with commercial sexexchanges. PEER has facilitated a process inwhich staff have begun to build closerrelations with sex-workers and activelyengage them in design, implementation andmonitoring of programmes.

For further information, please contact Dr Neil Price

[email protected]


GLOBAL URBAN NETWORKSDr Richard Smith’s research interests includeglobalisation and its consequences for urbanchange. Dr Smith argues that – rather thanjust being looked at in isolation – citiesshould now be understood as constitutingnetworks that can span the globe. Much ofhis research has concerned the roles ofLondon, New York, Toronto and Singaporein global urban networks.

Cities such as London and New York are offundamental importance to the production ofa global economy. This is because theycontain, amongst other things, international

stock exchanges, the headquarters ofmultinational corporations, trans-nationalinstitutions, and the primary offices of globalservice firms (accountancy, advertising,banking, insurance, legal services etc.). It isnot just what such cities contain that isimportant, however. The connectionsbetween cities (transferring money,information, goods, images etc.) are alsoprofoundly important. It is these processes ofglobalisation that make up global urbannetworks. Cities are not discrete, boundedsites that are somehow hermetically sealedand separate from the rest of the world.Rather they are increasingly inter-related,moulding and mirroring global networks. Infact, the impact of urban participation inglobalisation is dramatic. It is thereforeperhaps not surprising that London can besaid to have far more in common with NewYork than with Birmingham, Manchester,Cardiff or Swansea?

Although London and New York are thedominant cities in the global economy, otherglobal-oriented cities, such as Toronto andSingapore, are also important for globalurban networks. Dr Smith’s research involvesa wide array of cities precisely because it isthe city network, and not any one city, that isimportant in this era of globalisation. Hisresearch aims to disclose the extent andstrength of linkages between cities as awhole, and consequently the role ofparticular cities within globalisation.

Dr Smith’s research involves mapping andunderstanding the significance of economic,cultural, political, and social connectionsbetween the world’s metropolises. Suchknowledge is important if we are toappreciate, not only the urban (rather thannational) orientation of globalisation, but alsothe place of any individual city withinglobalisation. Indeed, in the context ofglobalisation some cities are winners andothers losers: if a city fails to connect to othercities then its importance is diminished.

For further information, please contact Dr Richard G. Smith

[email protected]


migrant groups. Much of this researchhighlights the gap between the experiencesof those who are forced to leave theircountries of origin and the conceptualisationof the refugee experience. It suggests thatpolicy and practice towards asylum seekersand refugees is based on a series ofgendered (and other) assumptions, which arein turn used to justify political decisions aboutthe need (or otherwise) to protect individualsfrom persecution. These assumptions alsoinform political and public understanding ofthe economic, social and culturalcontributions that individuals and groups areable to make to contemporary societies.

Recent research funded by the NuffieldFoundation also focuses on the experiencesof children who are subject to UKimmigration control and has highlighted thegrowing tension between policy and practicein family law, and immigration law. Thistension is closely associated with thepoliticisation of asylum and immigrationpolicy and the increasing use of the welfarestate as a tool for controlling immigration.

Other research themes include the political,economic and social consequences of

migration for receiving societies; integration,social cohesion and migrant identity; publicattitudes towards asylum and migration; andthe linkages between migration and broaderdevelopment processes taking place in thecountries from which migrants originate.

The School is committed to producing policy-relevant research which will contribute tocurrent and future understanding of internationalmobility, and Dr Crawley’s research is valuedfor its timeliness and relevance by thoseresponsible for influencing and delivering policyin this area. Previously head of asylum researchat the Home Office and Associate Director atthe Institute for Public Policy Research, DrCrawley has acted in an advisory capacity toa wide range of governmental and non-governmental organisations and agenciesincluding the Home Affairs Select Committee,Athens Migration Policy Initiative (AMPI),National Audit Office, and Joseph RowntreeFoundation.

For further information, please contact Dr Heaven Crawley

[email protected]


DEVOLVED GOVERNANCE IN WALESDr Charlotte Aull Davies is grant-holder fortwo recent major research projects supported bythe Economic and Social Research Council,both of which examine different aspects andconsequences of the process of devolvedgovernance in Wales.

The first of these (Mass Education, NationalIdentity and Citizenship: Policy Developmentand Transmission, with Dr Nigel Exell) lookedat the ways in which education policy maypromote a national cultural identity and a senseof national citizenship among primary andsecondary school pupils. The project consideredthe process of policy formation anddevelopment at the national level, the influenceof political leaders and organisations in theeducation bureaucracy and input from othernon-governmental organisations with an interestin this policy area. It also looked at the processof policy transmission and its realisation inschools in a variety of localities. With thecreation of the National Assembly, Wales is ata particularly significant stage in the process ofpromoting a national identity. This can be seenin the prominence given by political parties tothe nature of this identity and the emphasis oninclusivity in the political process and in publicunderstandings of who can claim to be Welsh.This particular ‘historic moment’ in Walesprovides a unique opportunity for socialresearch into the processes of nation buildingmore generally, in particular the crucial linksbetween mass education and the growth ofnational consciousness, as these links areactually being forged.

The second project (Gender and PoliticalProcesses in the Context of Devolution, withProfessor Nickie Charles, Dr StephanieJones and Dr Emma James) has beeninspired by the significant increases in theproportion of women political representatives inthe new devolved legislatures in Scotland andWales. In Wales the National Assemblyachieved gender balance in the 2003elections, with 50 per cent of AssemblyMembers being women. Using Wales as acase study, this project is investigating theextent to which an increase in the proportion ofwomen representatives in devolved governmentis associated with a change in the gendering

of political processes and, particularly, whetherpolicy developments incorporate a greaterawareness of women’s and gender issues. Thepolitical and organisational culture of theNational Assembly will be compared with thatof local government where women’srepresentation is only 20 per cent. This willprovide timely information about the extent towhich increasing women’s representation atone level of government affects both thedevelopment and implementation of policiesthat enhance women’s substantiverepresentation at other levels of government.The project will also explore the extent to whichnon-governmental campaigning organisationsinvolved in political activity around gender andfeminist issues are able to affect policy. In thisway, the research will inform policy makersabout the openness of government at local andregional levels to civil society actors organisingaround gender-based issues. This is of interestboth within the UK and further afield in view ofinternational agreements which commitgovernments to increasing women’s access todecision-making and leadership.

For further information, please contact Dr Charlotte Aull Davies

[email protected]

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION:POLITICAL AND POLICY RESPONSES International migration is one of thefundamental issues shaping contemporaryhuman societies. The unprecedented scale ofinternational population movements by thosein search of protection, employment,education and family reunion createseconomic, social and political opportunitiesand challenges. As a result, asylum andmigration issues have never been higher onUK and European political and policyagendas.

Research on international migrationundertaken within the School is led by DrHeaven Crawley and focuses on the social,economic and political causes ofinternational migration, and on the politicaland policy responses of countries whoreceive asylum seekers, refugees and other


NATIONAL CENTRE FOR PUBLIC POLICYThe National Centre for Public Policy is aconstituent part of the Department ofGeography and the School of the Environmentand Society. It has the following objectives

• to provide commissioned research andpolicy advice services to the NHS and tolocal government in Wales;

• to work with the National Assembly forWales to provide policy analysis and adviceto ministers, Assembly members and officials;

• to undertake and facilitate fundamentalresearch in the development, making andimplementation of public policy.

Its current and recent portfolio of applied socialscience research spans work commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government, localgovernment, health bodies, ELWa, the WelshLocal Government Association, theOrganisation for Cooperation and Security in Europe, the European Social Fund, the NHS Confederation, ESRC and the EqualOpportunities Commission.

Staff in the Centre have provided policy advice to Welsh and UK governments:Professor Sullivan played a significant part inthe development of the NHS Plan for Wales(Improving Health in Wales: a plan for theNHS with its partners) and assisted in a reviewof primary health care in Wales as well ascontributing to the process of implementing theTownsend Review of resource allocation in theNHS; Professor Walters has researched anddeveloped the Strategy for Older People for the Welsh Assembly Government and hasprovided advice to the Department of Healthand Social Care; Dr Clutton co-ordinated theWelsh Assembly Government’s child povertystrategy and its youth justice strategy; and MsBushell is currently seconded full-time to theWelsh Assembly to develop research andevaluation of its social justice initiatives.

Recent research, yielding academic and policypublications, has included: an investigation ofthe levels of wealth and well-being in the BritishMinority Ethnic populations in Wales (fundedby EOC and carried out by Professor Sullivan,

Dr Clutton and Dr James); an evaluation of thecontribution of ELWa (Education and LearningWales) to the development and implementationof education and skills policy for adults(Professor Sullivan, Mr Fowler); an investigationof the equality policies of local government inWales (Professor Sullivan, Mr Williams and DrWooding of NHS Wales); and research – inconjunction with the Shaw Trust and theDisability Commission – on the scope andnature of disability in Wales (Ms Latrreille).

Professor Sullivan is currently engaged by theOrganisation for Security and Cooperation inEurope to carry out research and consultancyaimed at developing robust and pluralisticpublic policy-making frameworks in relation toSerbia-Montenegro.

Other research highlights have been: theevaluation of UK government SureStartinitiatives (Dr Clutton and Professor Sullivan); theevaluation of local government strategies foryoung people (Dr Clutton); an investigation offamily and kinship networks in south westWales (Professor Sullivan as co-investigator withProfessors Charles and Harris; )a majorevaluation of return to work services formentally ill people in Cardiff and the Vale (DrClutton, Ms Elliott and Ms McKay); research inconjunction with the Sainsbury Foundation onimprovements in mental health services in southwest Wales (Professor Sullivan and Ms Elliott);and health and social need surveys inCarmarthenshire and Swansea (ProfessorSullivan and Mr Williams).

For further information, please contactProfessor Mike Sullivan

[email protected]


IRISH AMERICAA reviewer in the American Anthropologist,writing of Professor Reg Byron’s book IrishAmerica (Oxford University Press, 1999),said: “In an anthropological world in whichcultural identities and ethnicity are privilegedtopics, Byron’s book is an exemplar of how asocial anthropologist might approach theseissues and how critical approaches remaincentral to our discipline.” Irish America wasthe product of a decade’s research on theways in which the contemporarydescendants of mid nineteenth-century Irishimmigrants saw themselves, or not, as “Irish”,and what “Irishness” might mean in modern,multicultural America. Professor Byronfollowed up this study with another, alsofunded by the ESRC, that sought tounderstand the social dynamics of “ethnicity”among the nineteenth-century ancestors oftoday’s Irish-Americans, using intermarriageas a measure of the strength or weakness ofcultural differences. In 2001-02, hetravelled 20,000 miles across the USA,collecting more than 10,000 marriagerecords involving Irish-born immigrants from47 county courthouses in 19 states. Thisshowed that by the 1870s heterogamousmarriages, crossing over the boundaries ofreligion and national origin, were occurringat significant rates among first-generationIrish-born immigrants, especially women, andthat for their American-born childreneconomic mobility had clearly overtakenshared ancestral background (or “ethnicity”)as a prime consideration in mate selection.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF APERIPHERAL COMMUNITYProfessor Margaret Kenna (pictured), hasbeen carrying out anthropological researchon the Cycladic island of Anafi, andamong island migrants in Athens, since1966. The latest study of social change inthese two communities involves tracingalterations in naming patterns, dowryprovision and the transfer of propertybetween the generations. It also includes changes in ritual practices,such as family vaults replacing ossuariesnear outlying chapels. Interaction between

the Migrants Association in Athens (of whichDr Kenna is an Honorary Life Member),returned migrants and resident islanders,particularly in tourism development isanother major theme of the research. Shewill make an initial investigation of theMigrants Association, its activities in Athens,its fund-raising activities for projects on theisland, and its relationship with the recentlyformed organisation for preserving islandtraditional customs founded by returneemigrants on the island.

Anafi has a population of around 250 andwas once regarded by the islandersthemselves as being “a hundred years behindthe rest of the world”. It was once thoughtthat the island would become depopulatedbut, thanks to migrant involvement andgovernment intervention, agriculture andtourism are thriving and so is the island.

Interviews, archive research, and participant-observation are the main methods foracquiring this information, and data fromprevious research provides the basis forcomparison. Differences in adherence to‘traditional’ practices between the island andmigrant communities are anticipated to beless than they were in the 1960s and1980s, the decades when two major studiesof the island and migrants were undertaken.


Professor Margaret Kenna

[email protected]

104 Name of school

School of Health ScienceHead of School - Anne Hopkinswww.swansea.ac.uk/health_science

The School of Health Science is characterised as much by its research as by its teaching, encouragingthe open exchange of ideas within an environment that promotes research of the highest quality andintegrity. Our academic identity is profoundly influenced by the importance that we place on research.

Established in 1992, the School’s research in the health and social sciences draws on a culture of collegial cooperation within the community, the service sector and with research centres at theUniversity and beyond. In doing so, it stimulates research that directly contributes to the health andprosperity of the people of Wales.

This is achieved through a variety of cognate disciplines working in partnership with health carecommissioners and providers, including nursing, midwifery, allied health professions, communityand public health studies, primary health care, health promotion, health informatics, health caremanagement, health economics and social policy.

Establishing an Institute for Health Research has been crucial in focusing the School’s researchstrategy and activities, ensuring that the development of a productive research culture remainsan important objective. It marks an important point in the School’s development, signifying morethan ten years of research and becoming a major research body in the field of health andsocial sciences.

The Institute is dedicated to advancing leading edge health and social sciences research.Composed of excellent scholars and researchers with a strong track record in research, thisexpertise now drives the School’s research and serves to focus activity in five ‘activity clusters’namely: BioSciences, Economics of Health and Social Care, Philosophy of Health Care,Practitioner Research, and Social Organisation of Health Care.

The importance of patient and public involvement in the School’s work is reflected in the ways inwhich research within the School maximises the involvement of patients and service users at allstages of the process.

Much of the School’s research activity is internationally recognised as contributing to practice orpolicy development and the School has strong links with Thailand; Argentina; Sweden; Holland;South Africa; China, Australia; and the USA as well as linking actively with other universityresearch groups and individuals at: The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, andthe Universities of London, Leeds, Sheffield, Cardiff, Keele, Manchester and Oxford.

The success of the School’s research strategy has led to increased research income fromorganisations including the Welsh Assembly Government, NHS Wales, The Health Foundation, the ESRC, the British Academy, the Leverhulme Trust, the Wellcome Trust, UK Sport, the Departmentof Health and the pharmaceutical industry.

Anne Hopkins

Head, School of Health Science

School of

Health Science

107

BIOSCIENCE

Primarily concerned with taking data directlyfrom the patient or acting directly on thepatient, bioscience research, can thereforechange medical practice through the provisionof improved outcomes for patients. Bioscienceresearch is of necessity stronglymultidisciplinary, requiring team members fromclinicians and nurses through to biochemists,all with one goal – to alleviate humansuffering. Current research in this field coversareas such as audiology, maggot therapy andhaemodialysis.

The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance inbacteria is one of the more significant threatsfaced by our health care system, and hasturned relatively harmless infections intopotentially life-threatening illnesses. In responsehealth care practitioners, and scientists,working within the health care system havebeen forced to look further afield in the searchfor new ways of treating infections.

Maggot therapy is one new weapon in thefight against antibiotic resistance – work overthe past few years has shown the ability ofcertain types of maggots to successfullyremove chronically infected and dead tissuefrom wound sites where other conventionalmethods have failed.

A team at the University have secured a£133,000 grant from the charity ActionMedical Research to continue their scientificresearch that aims to isolate novel antibioticsfrom maggot secretions that are active againstbacterial infections, including the potentiallyfatal MRSA.

The researchers are currently exploring theantibacterial mechanisms behind maggottherapy, investigating maggot secretions andtheir ability to kill a range of microorganisms.The results obtained will highlight diseases aspotential targets for treatment. The teamhopes to purify the antimicrobial moleculesand subsequently determine their mode ofaction and molecular structure. This willpave the way for the eventual synthesis of theactive molecules and subsequent use inpatient therapy.

The study is an interdisciplinary collaborativeventure being undertaken at SwanseaUniversity by Professor Norman Ratcliffe inthe School of the Environment and Society; DrYamni Nigam, School of Health Science,and Professor Russell Newton and Dr EdDudley of the Biomolecular Analysis MassSpectometry (BAMS) facility. They are workingclosely with Dr Steve Thomas from Zoobiotic,a spin-out company from Bro MorgannwgNHS Trust, responsible for the rearing andsupply of maggots for clinical use in the UKand Europe wide.


Professor Norman Ratcliffe

[email protected]

or Dr Yamni Nigam

[email protected]


BACKGROUNDThe School of Health Science was originallyestablished in 1992 and has multiple siteslocated at Singleton Park, Morriston,Carmarthen and Aberystwyth.

The School is made up of 11 academiccentres. The centres have expertise in a rangeof health care-related disciplines includingnursing, midwifery and allied healthprofessional practice, economics, policy,philosophy, humanities, ethics, law, informaticsand biomedical sciences. The centresundertake related teaching and researchactivities associated with these disciplines.

The School's mission is to provide high qualityeducation training and research for all thoseinvolved in the provision of health care throughthe use of effective teaching methods and theapplication of research. The research functionof the School is managed by the ResearchCommittee and by the newly establishedInstitute for Health Research.

INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH RESEARCHTranslating Health and Social ScienceResearch

Research into the health and social sciences iscrucial in enhancing the quality of health careavailable to patients throughout all stages intheir journey through our health and socialcare system. However research into theseareas is still relatively new and, as a result,rapidly developing in both quantity andquality. To ensure research is not hinderedand continues to push forward the boundariesof research into these fields, the School ofHealth Science created and launched one ofthe newest research centres to spring fromSwansea University, the Institute for HealthResearch. The Institute has developed from atrack record of nearly 15 years in researchand has become the focus for multidisciplinaryresearch into health and social care atSwansea University, reflecting the diversity ofactivities and areas of expertise.

The Institute’s official launch in October 2005was marked by a successful and high profileconference entitled ‘Research Policy toPractice: Translating Health and Social

Science Research’. Featured on the daywere prominent key speakers from the healthand social care arena across the UK, withkeynote speeches delivered by Mrs AnnLloyd, Director of NHS Wales, WelshAssembly Government, and Professor ManselAylward CB, Chair of the newly createdWales Centre for Health, which has a role inprotecting and improving health and well-being in Wales.

The event focused on the cutting edgedevelopments taking place both within theInstitute and the health and social care fields,bringing together health researchers, keydecision makers, health professionals andother stakeholders from throughout the healthcare, voluntary, academic and governmentsectors across Wales. “Designed for Life”,the Welsh Assembly Government’s new tenyear strategy for health and social careservices in Wales, highlights the importanceof research and development in providing uswith the evidence base on which to makepolicy, and develop and implement newmodels of service delivery. Collaboration isessential to its success, and the Institute forHealth Research can play an important role inthe venture.

Expertise within the Institute for HealthResearch is divided into five distinct areas:the biosciences, health economics, philosophyof health care, research into health carepractices, and the organisation of health caresystems, reflecting the multidisciplinary natureof research in health and social care.Underpinning all research activity is a strongbase of expertise in a variety of quantitativeand qualitative research methodologies,covering disciplines such as policy andservice evaluation, ethnographic studies andaction research. These are organised inprofessorial units which function within theSchool to provide leadership and support forresearch. These are directed to creating wide-ranging collaborative links with national andinternational partners, in academic institutions,provider, and commissioning agencies.


Professor Ceri Phillips

[email protected]

108 School of Health Science


ECONOMICS OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

To enable any health and social careservice or facility to be improved requiresan understanding of how effective itcurrently is, and how effective theproposed changes could be. Healtheconomics helps meet these aims. Studiesof the implementation and assessment ofthe extent or burden of illnesses, along withprogramme interventions, technologyevaluations, and policy development arecrucial in being able to bring about longterm improvements in health care services.

The health of the workforce is crucial inmaintaining a strong and vibrant economyfor any country, and this is stronglysupported by the Welsh AssemblyGovernment in its current policies.Unfortunately these are being underminedby a range of factors including poorworkforce retention and sickness absence,of which the three most common causesare back pain, stress and coronary heartdisease. To combat this, the Wales HealthWork Report identified research into thehealth-work interface as a major priority forWales.

Work at the Institute for Health Research,led by Professor Ceri Phillips, is helping toaddress these problems by establishing afoundation from which subsequent healthpromotion strategies and projects can bedeveloped. Funded by the Wales Centrefor Health and Welsh AssemblyGovernment, with partners drawn from bothCardiff and Keele Universities, the researchwill look at the socio-economic and healthcontext of work with an empirical focus onthe Merthyr Tydfil area.


Professor Ceri Phillips

[email protected]

PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF HEALTH CARE

The effective care of patients involves morethan just a set of practical techniques. Rather itis a collection of techniques which are appliedwithin a well established and robustphilosophical and ethical framework to guidethe care of patients. This field of researchconcentrates on both the philosophical andethical scrutiny of key aspects of health carewhich are used to underpin all health caretheory and practice, and can involve thephilosophy of nursing or disablement, medicalethics, the overlap of health care law andethics, amongst others.

Research into the philosophy of health careand health care ethics are crucial inestablishing a scientifically sound research baseto underpin health care practices throughoutsociety. Professor Steven Edwards, Dr MikeMcNamee and Dr Thomas Schramme sharea strong commitment to this aim, and also inensuring the latest research findings are fed intothe teaching of both undergraduate andpostgraduate courses. This is exemplified bycurrent plans to utilise that common expertise inproducing a textbook on the philosophy ofmedicine, and a project funded by UK Sport,the body responsible for distributing both publicinvestment and lottery monies to lead sportthroughout the UK to achieve world-class status.This 2-year project will explore the values andattitudes that young athletes hold, throughoutEngland and Wales towards a drug-free sport(see page 112).

With research interests covering a number of health care issues such as codes ofconduct, disability, trans-humanism and theconcepts of health and disease, members ofthis group have been invited to give manypresentations on their specialist areas acrossthe globe. Their research has resulted in arange of books and articles in journals,including ‘Nursing Philosophy’ and ‘Sport,Philosophy, Ethics’, which are edited bymembers of this group.


Professor Steven Edwards

[email protected]


PRACTITIONER RESEARCH

A workforce highly skilled in the latestknowledge and skills in health care practice,must be informed by a strong research base.Through researching health care practices,practitioners and their professional education,practitioner research is able to enhancecurrent professional practice, while alsoinvestigating the theoretical and philosophicalissues of research and practice methodologyand the interface between research, theoryand practice. This is currently being translatedinto a network of Practice Development Unitsacross South West Wales.

The School recently collaborated with theSchool of Nursing and Midwifery at KeeleUniversity to investigate the ways in whichacademic departments attempt to developnursing research capacity.

The research, led by Emeritus ProfessorBarbara Green, sought to contribute toimportant policy and theoretical debates, suchas the move of nursing education into highereducation; and the growing importance ofresearch training and utilisation with the riseof evidence based practice in health care.

Analysis of the data from the study spotlightedfive key themes: the specific strategiesdeveloped by the schools involved in thestudy; their attempts to develop a researchculture; the management and organisation ofresearch capacity building initiatives; the keyproblems and challenges encountered andthe importance of the wider institutional andpolicy contexts.

The results from the findings have beenpresented at international conferencesincluding the Nurse Education InternationalConference in Canada and the TransformingHealth Care through Research, Education andTechnology conference held in Dublin.

SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF HEALTH CARE

Without understanding how the pressuresplaced on wider health care systems influencethem, it becomes difficult to ensure that ourown health care system operates in the mosteffective way. Expertise here concentrates oninvestigating the changing structures and

processes affecting a range of health andsocial care organisations and user groups.This has included exploring user and publicperspectives; social exclusion and marginality;and changing health care organisations,boundaries and relationships. Some of thiswork has an international dimension includingthe work of Professor David Hughes onThailand health care systems.

A research study led by Professor JoyMerrell has confirmed that more schoolnurses will need to be recruited to meet theincreasing health needs of school-agedchildren in Wales.

The project was commissioned by the WelshAssembly Government and was undertakenas part of a wider collaborative study toreview primary care and community nursingacross Wales. An interview survey mappedschool nursing provision across the health andeducation sectors in Wales. School nurses /HV managers from NHS Trusts / LHB, seniorLEA personnel and head teachers / schoolnurses from the independent sector wererepresented in the study.

The study revealed that 249 school nurses areemployed to provide services to 1,939primary, secondary, special and independentschools in Wales.

School nurses play an essential role inpromoting the health of school-aged childrenin Wales, their role has changedconsiderably in recent years. However, a lackof policy direction and service specificationregarding the nature, scope and content ofschool nursing has caused a disparity inpractice within and across the health andeducation sectors.

The study identified that an intensiveprogramme of recruitment and sustainedinvestment in training is required to increasethe number of qualified school nurses to meetthe increasing health demands of the school-aged population and to meet Wales’ publichealth agenda.


Professor Joy Merrell

[email protected]

• Iolanthe Midwifery Trust

• Honour Society of Nursing Wales

• Council of the Association for MedicalHumanities

The Institute is also represented on the All-Wales Medicines Strategy Group, which inaddition to technology appraisals plays apivotal role in determining policies relating tomedicines management within Wales.

Equally important are the links that havedeveloped with international academiccolleagues in places such asMahasarakham, Thailand; Jönköping,Sweden; Cape Town, South Africa;Adelaide, Australia; and, New Jersey &Minnesota, USA.

HEALTH INFORMATICS

The Health Informatics team, led by BarryGoldberg, has developed technologydesigned to support the delivery of care topatients with suspected cardiac problems.The system was recently showcased at anational conference aimed at tacklinginequalities in coronary heart disease acrossWales. The team has been working withhealth professionals at Torfaen Local HealthBoard and Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust to

develop a new system that will speed up thecoronary heart disease diagnosis process,reducing waiting times, providing a better allround service to patients.

The new high-tech system is the first of itskind in the UK. It utilises the investmentsmade in the network infrastructure throughoutthe NHS in Wales and enables GPs to makeappointments direct from the surgerycomputer to one of three local hospitals,cutting time-consuming letter writing andenabling patients to see a cardiologist withinweeks from first visiting their GP withsymptoms of heart failure or chest pain. Thesystem has the potential to save many livesand has been designed specifically to meetthe needs of the local community.

The system received a National Leadershipand Innovation Agency for Healthcare(NLIAH) award for demonstrating innovationin health care. The team is nowdemonstrating the technology to other localhealth boards.


Barry Goldberg

[email protected]


SWANSEA STUDY TO PLAY KEY ROLE INBRITISH SPORTS ARENA

Researchers from the Institute of HealthResearch, are set to play a major role in a UKathlete-centered campaign that has beendesigned to increase understanding of anti-doping practices and policies and to promotethe benefits of a drug-free sporting nation.

This collaborative study with other universities isfunded by UK Sport. The first phase of theresearch will run over the next two years and isled by Dr Mike McNamee. The research willexplore the values and attitudes of onethousand talented young athletes (aged 12-20), many of whom already receive lotteryfunded support, relating to current anti-dopingrules and regulations. The research will alsoinvestigate how these views can change as anathlete’s career develops.

UK Sport, the country’s national anti-dopingorganisation, is committed to promoting anethically fair and drug-free sporting field, withthe aim of producing sportsmen and womenwho are competing and winning fairly. Thisresearch will provide a valuable insight intohow young athletes’ attitudes towards drugs insports develop as their careers progress. This inturn will impact on work in anti-dopingeducation, and will also help with thedistribution of drug tests as we continue toevolve the conception of ‘intelligent testing’which looks to concentrate testing on thoseconsidered to be in a ‘high risk’ zone of theirperformance cycle.

With the momentum growing towards theLondon Games of 2012, understanding theattitudes towards doping and anti-dopingpolicies and practices, and indeed theathlete’s own health, will be critical in the UK’slead against illicit performance enhancement.Findings from the project will contribute to aprogramme of research being undertaken inthis field over the next seven years and willinform future developments and practiceswithin the sporting world.


Dr Mike McNamee

[email protected]

COLLABORATIVE LINKS

Collaborative links and partners are highlyimportant to the Institute’s research.Academic links have been formed withSchools of similar expertise throughout theUK, such as the Universities of London,Exeter, Keele, Manchester and Oxford. TheInstitute has been proactive in forging linkswith highly regarded and influential bodiesthroughout the health care sector. Theseorganisations and groups include:

• International Council of Sport Science andPhysical Education

• Wales Health Work Partnership

• International Philosophy of NursingSociety


midwives and thereby improve the quality ofmaternity care.

Current research includes investigating theimplementation of the All Wales ClinicalPathway for Normal Labour, supported by aLeading Practice Through Research Award fromthe Health Foundation. The clinical pathway isa unique decision-making tool used bymidwives caring for low risk women, with theintention of reducing unnecessary interventionin childbirth. It plays a key role in Welshmaternity policy. The study uses ethnographicobservation and interviews with midwives,mothers, managers and doctors in two Welshmaternity Units, as well as interviews with thoseinvolved in initial policy making. The study aimsto explore how policy is translated from paperinto practice, from the perspective of those whoare using the clinical pathway ‘on the ground’.Findings will be available from December2006 and it is anticipated that they will havedirect implications for maternity policy andmidwifery practice.

Possible new research ventures includecollaboration with clinical colleagues andAWARD to compare the costs, processes andoutcomes of midwifery-led care in Wales withobstetric-led care.

Professor Hunter is the Chair of the All WalesMidwifery and Reproductive Health ResearchForum; She will be Chair of the IolantheMidwifery Trust from November 2006 and isAdvisory Group Member for the InternationalConfederation of Midwives Expert AdvisoryGroup on Midwifery and Maternal HealthResearch. She also sits on the editorial panelfor the Evidence Based Midwifery Journal,and is on the International Advisory Board forthe journal 'Midwifery'.


Professor Billie Hunter

[email protected]


MEDICAL SOCIOLOGYProfessor Lesley Griffiths has been appointedrecently to a Personal Chair. Her researchinterests lie in the fields of medical sociologyand health policy in both the national andinternational arena.

She is currently working on a number ofresearch projects, including the ClinicalResearch Collaboration Centre Cymru – theWales Office of Research and Developmentfunded organisation established in Wales toprovide infrastructure support for health andsocial care research. This organisation hasprovided funding which allows for theestablishment on an all Wales basis of anumber of core research infrastructure functionsand Professor Griffiths takes the academic leadfor involving patients, service users and carersin research in Wales (InvolvingPeople/Cynnwys Pobl). She works inpartnership to achieve this with the WalesCouncil of Voluntary Associations. Thisimportant area of research activity is ensuringthat Wales' research infrastructure mesheseasily with that in the wider UK context, andinternationally, and offers an opportunity forWales to take the lead in the best qualityresearch across the health and social care fieldwhich fully involves patients, service users andcarers. She has extensive experience ofqualitative research in health and social careand a particular interest in the involvement ofpatients, service users and carers in all stagesof the research process.

Professor Griffiths has also worked alongside anumber of research partners including patients,service users and carers to carry out fundedwork in the areas of mental health and illness,the experiences of sexually abused childrenand their families, domestic violence andmental illness, the health needs of communitiesand the experiences of stroke patientsdischarged from hospital with multiplecontinuing needs. This partnership approachhas always enhanced the research processand outcomes.

A second strand of her work involves theexploration of the social organisation of healthand social care, again in collaboration with arange of research partners, and this has

included funded work on contracting andrationing in the NHS and relationshipsbetween managers and health careprofessionals. She is currently working on twoDH (SDO) funded projects, one whichexplores the impact of incentives andgovernance arrangements on health careprofessionals and one which explores patientchoice and its variation across the fourdevolved nations of the UK. She is alsoinvolved in the 6th European FrameworkProgramme’s Research and DevelopmentReflexive Governance project, in which she isworking with academic experts from a varietyof higher education and research institutions inFrance, Hungary and Italy.


Professor Lesley Griffiths

[email protected]

WALES’ FIRST PROFESSOR OFMIDWIFERYProfessor Billie Hunter was recentlyappointed as Wales’ first Professor ofMidwifery. She has undertaken a number ofresearch studies with the potential to enhancemidwifery practice and improve the care ofmothers and babies.

Professor Hunter’s research encompasses theworking practices of midwives, and how theseimpact on midwife job satisfaction, and thequality of maternity care. She has a particularinterest in the emotional aspects of midwiferywork, and her PhD research in this area isconsidered groundbreaking and of internationalsignificance. She is also interested in women’sexperiences of childbirth and motherhood.

This research has implications for health policy,clinical practice and education. Concernsabout the quality of UK maternity care andworkforce shortages have been the subject ofconsiderable media and professional attentionover the past few years. Professor Hunter’sresearch studies use qualitative researchmethods to provide an in-depth exploration ofthe culture of maternity care, thus enhancingunderstanding of these issues. The ultimate aimis to find ways to enhance the working lives of


School of Human SciencesDeputy Head of School and Head of Research - Dr Kevin Haineswww.swansea.ac.uk/human_sciences

The School of Human Sciences comprises four disciplines of mutually enhancing empirical andtheoretical approaches to the study of human behaviour: Applied Social Sciences, ChildhoodStudies, Psychology, and Sports Science. Research in the School encompasses work rangingfrom the study of the individual, the individual and groups in their social contexts, and studies ofsocial structures and their impact on social groups and individuals. This research embraces thewhole life-span, and ranges through theoretically-driven laboratory-based studies, clinicalapproaches, to those areas with strongly focused policy and applied functions. These researchprogrammes are driven by a range of theory about human functioning and its place in societyand more widely within evolution.

Staff in the Department of Applied Social Sciences (rated 5A in RAE 2001) continue to developtheir research on social policy, public services and criminal justice through two established researchcentres in Criminology and Criminal Justice and Child Welfare, and through new Centres forresearch on Ageing and the Social Care Workforce.

Childhood Studies is a new department that is highly ambitious in terms of research. The five mainareas of research activity are inclusion, participation and children’s rights; young children, play andlearning (including outdoor play); children, media and digital technology; interagency andmultidisciplinary working; and innovative research methods with children.

Psychology is currently investing heavily in research, and has recently appointed a Professor inCognitive Psychology and a Professor in Cognitive Neuropsychology, with further plans to appointa chair in Neuroscience. Research is supported by a laboratory infrastructure that includes anEMG/ECG psychophysiological measurement lab, extensive EEG/ERP facilities, a socialobservation lab with multi-camera, multi-monitor equipment, a sleep lab with five sound proofcubicles in an isolated chamber, and a perception lab with several computers equipped withhardware for ms-accuracy reaction time measurement.

Research in Sports Science is conducted within the Sport and Exercise Research Group (SESRG).The group was established in 2001 and currently consists of nine researchers working in threebroad multidisciplinary subgroups: applied physiology in sport, cognition and behaviour in sportperformance, biomechanics and motor control.

The School of Human Sciences embodies strong areas of academic synergy, enabling anintegrated approach to research whilst facilitating excellence in specialist areas of academic work.The School provides critical mass for research in the areas of applied social policy, behaviour,childhood studies, child welfare, cognitive and social development, criminology, social medicine,social work, and gerontology. Research within the school is well supported by external funding,and much activity is focused through research centres – often based on interdisciplinary and inter-institutional links.

Dr Kevin Haines

Deputy Head of School and Head of Research

School of

Human Sciences

117

views of the partner agencies that work withthe YOT and refer young people onto theprogramme, as well as the the staff who planand deliver the programme

Principally, the study focuses on the corethemes of service delivery, young peopleparticipation and their views of theeffectiveness of the intervention, and parentalengagement.

Through exploration of these themes, the studyseeks to compare the expressed views ofresearch participants against the stated aimsand expected outcomes of the programme.Based upon data obtained from participants,the pilot study will identify gaps in servicedelivery and areas where client identifiedimprovement could occur.

For further information, please contactDr Kevin Haines

[email protected]

Public opinion and youth crime

Since 2004, Dr Kevin Haines and DrStephen Case have collaborated withundergraduate and postgraduate criminologystudents to conduct an annual public opinionsurvey of youth crime and justice with theSwansea general public. In 2004-05, thesurvey addressed public attitudes to thesentencing of young offenders, whilst in2005-06, the topic was anti-social behaviourby young people. Findings from the 2005survey will be compared to those of a sistersurvey in Plymouth.

Each year, gender and age differences inestimations of, and attitudes to, youth crimeand anti-social behaviour, andrecommendations for appropriate officialresponses to these behaviours are compared toofficial and self-reported statistics nationally andlocally. In particular, attitudes to sentencingand preventative measures are evaluated withreference to Swansea’s positive, inclusionaryapproach to young people.

Findings from 2004-05 indicate that theSwansea public overestimates the extent ofyouth crime nationally and locally, yet itremains ambivalent about appropriatesentencing responses, favouring both punitive

and preventative measures. This suggests alocal public opinion mediated by nationalmedia and political rhetoric, rather than thelocal realities of youth offending.


Dr Kevin Haines

[email protected]

Criminal justice in a microstate: work in theIsland of Jersey

The Channel Islands are small self-governingterritories which have to deal economically andeffectively with much the same problems ofsocial policy and administration faced by other,larger states. These include criminal justicepolicy, and for the last ten years researchersfrom the Department of Applied SocialSciences have been working with the JerseyProbation and After-Care Service and theJersey Government’s ‘Building a Safer Society’team to improve the management of offendersin the community, and to study and evaluatethe Island’s ancient and unique system ofparish-based community justice. Professor PeterRaynor and Helen Miles (the research officer inJersey’s Probation Service) have presented andupdated the results of this research in severalarticles and conference papers, as well as inthe research reports published on the States ofJersey website, and the Island is graduallyachieving a criminological prominence out ofall proportion to its size. The outcomes haveincluded new risk assessment and evaluationmethods for probation services (now beingadopted also in Scotland and Ireland), and thesponsorship by the Island of a PhD studentshipin Swansea.

Giving a voice to Black and Asianoffenders on probation

The problem of providing fair and equaltreatment for people from ethnic minorities inthe criminal justice system has been a majorconcern of policy-makers and practitioners forsome years, and particularly since thepublication in 1999 of the Macpherson Reporton the Stephen Lawrence inquiry. In 2001 ateam from the Universities of Swansea,Lancaster, Glamorgan and Lincoln successfullycompeted for the contract to carry out a studyfor the Home Office concerning the needs and


APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCESStaff in the Department of Social Sciences (rated5A in RAE 2001) continue to develop theirresearch on social policy, public services andcriminal justice through the established researchcentres in Criminology and Criminal Justice andin Child-related Research (now aninterdisciplinary Centre), and through newCentres for research on Ageing (headed byProfessor Judith Phillips) and the Social CareWorkforce (headed by Professor PeterHuxley). Research grants of approximately£340,000 were attracted in the last year,including support for the Older People andAgeing Research and Development Network.The underpinning emphasis of research in theDepartment continues to be on the understandingof social problems and social welfare, and onthe evidence-based development and appraisalof social policy and social welfare practice. Anactive cohort of sixteen postgraduate researchstudents benefits from the Department’s activeresearch culture and from its interdisciplinary linkswith the other Departments in the School, withthe School of Law and with the School of theEnvironment and Society.

CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICERESEARCH

Centre for Criminal Justice andCriminology

The Research Centre for Criminal Justice andCriminology (CCJC) was set up in 1994 topromote applied research on crime andoffenders, to supervise research students andto disseminate research through publicationand postgraduate teaching. In the last fiveyears staff of the Centre have produced some80 research publications, and have madecontributions to the study of communitypenalties; pre-sentence reports; youth justice;substance abuse; the reduction of crimecommitted by young people; the perpetratorsand victims of sexual offences againstchildren; the control of prostitution; and theassessment of risks and needs presented byoffenders. Important recent studies include atwo-stage evaluation of projects for theresettlement of prisoners, carried out withCardiff and Bristol Universities and supportedby grants exceeding £300,000 from theHome Office, and the first comprehensive

study of Black and Asian offenders onprobation, involving a consortium of fourUniversities and another Home Office grant of£316,000. The Centre is led by ProfessorPeter Raynor, Dr Kevin Haines and DrMaurice Vanstone.

The Centre is also active internationally (forexample, Dr Haines was an advisor to theGovernment of Romania, where he spentseveral years setting up a Probation Service)and in policy development and advisory workin the UK (for example, Professor Raynor is amember of Government Accreditation Panelsfor offender programmes in England andWales and Scotland, and gives specialistadvice on offender management to theScottish Executive, the Wales AssemblyGovernment, the National OffenderManagement Service, and the JerseyProbation and After-Care Service).


Professor Peter Raynor

[email protected]

Anger Management

This research comprises a pilot study assessingthe effectiveness of the youth angermanagement programme operated by theSwansea Youth Offending Team (YOT). Ananger management intervention, predicated ona cognitive behavioural approach, has beenused in work with young offenders and thoseat risk of offending in an attempt to resolve thepotentially negative effects of uncontrolledanger and low self esteem. Referrals onto theanger management programme come from avariety of agencies and a range of techniqueshave been used by staff to support youngpeople participating in the intervention.

The research sets out to evaluate whether theanger management programme is effectivelymeeting the needs of the young people whoengage in the intervention, their families,referring agencies and the members of theintervention delivery team.

The study has sought the views of those youngpeople who were referred onto or attended theanger management programme, and theirparents or carers. The study also sought the

118 School of Human Sciences


experiences of Black and Asian offenderssupervised in the community by the ProbationService. The largest study of its kind in Europe,this involved detailed interviews with nearly500 supervised offenders from minority ethniccommunities all over England and Wales andproduced a wealth of information about theirneeds, their experiences of the criminal justicesystem, and what sort of supervision was likelyto prove effective for them. The Swanseamembers of the team, led by Professor PeterRaynor, were responsible for the study’smethodology, for reviewing past policies, forthe analysis and interpretation of the interviewdata, and for coordinating the drafting of thereport to the Home Office in 2004. This hashad a substantial impact on policy andpractice in relation to this group of offenders.Other outcomes included the appointment ofpart of the team to carry out a further study ofIrish offenders in the North-West of England;the publication of the successful book Race andProbation in 2006.


Professor Peter Raynor

[email protected]

Domestic violence

Neath Port Talbot Magistrates Court is one of25 courts in England and Wales selected topilot a new system of specialist domesticviolence courts to deal with criminal casesinvolving domestic violence. Neath Port TalbotCouncil’s Community Safety Partnership hascommissioned the Department of Applied SocialSciences to conduct an evaluation of the newcourt system. The research team comprises DrTracey Sagar (Applied Social Sciences), MsJane Williams and Michaela Leyshon(School of Law), and Superintendent (rtd.)Heather Murray O.B.E. The study will evaluatethe impact of the new procedures on victims,perpetrators, families, communities and theagencies involved. The overall aim of theresearch is to help the court and other agenciesassess the working of the system. The researchteam hopes to conduct further field work ongender violence with the aim of assessing thebenefits of, and obstacles to, systematicresponses where various forms of genderviolence are central to a woman’s life and toidentify ways of making justice more accessiblefor women who suffer from connected forms ofgender violence such as those women who areabused through domestic violence, prostitutionand sexual exploitation through trafficking.


Dr Tracey Sagar

[email protected]

Researching the relationship betweensubstance use and club culture

There are several dimensions (legal,criminological, sociological, cultural) to therelationship between substance use and clubculture, which are being examined by means ofethnographically exploring the perspectives ofthe different groups directly involved in it –clubbers, DJs, producers, promoters, clubowners, and the dance music media. Centrally,the research will seek to unravel the complexitiesof the substance use/club culture relationship.

Most published work in this area focuses solelyon clubbers, and, in relation to their drug use,has focused largely on ecstasy and (to a lesserextent) amphetamine. Cocaine and other


stimulant use in this setting has been largelyomitted, as has polydrug use (includingalcohol), and the use of a variety of drugs toalleviate comedowns after a heavy weekend’sclubbing. The current research explores therelationship between substance use and clubculture in a more multidimensional, holistic andrealistic manner, whilst also reflecting theimportance of looking to multiple structural,cultural and individual explanations forclubbers’ drug use, rather than seeking simple,monocausal ones.


Rhianon Bayliss

Email [email protected]

CHILDREN’S RESEARCH

Supporting children’s rights and youngpeople’s initiatives

The strong commitment of the Welsh AssemblyGovernment in the promotion of Children’sRights is visible in Welsh policies andlegislations. Funky Dragon (the Children andYoung People’s Assembly for Wales) alsoexemplifies efforts to promote inclusive andmeaningful participation of young people.Among their most recent activities is thepreparation of an Alternative Report to the UNCommittee on the Rights of the Child by Welshyouth. Only a limited number of Reports byyouth have actually been so far submitted tothe UN Committee on the Rights of the Childand the process is innovative and pioneering.

Members of the Department are involved in theproject as advisors of young people whomanage the research project as well assupporting Funky Dragon’s staff. The researchplanned by young people uses pioneeringmethodologies; it is progressive in focus anddesign, goes hand in hand with progressivecapacity building and with a constant learningfrom experience. Funky Dragon will collectinformation from children across Wales in orderto report on levels of access to children’s rightsto the UN Committee based in Geneva.


Dr Kevin Haines

[email protected]

Understanding young people’sparticipation

Participation of young people in decisionmaking has been seen as one of the means togain better knowledge of children’s realities andexperiences. However, participation itself hasdifferent meanings and experiences of children’sparticipation vary from a context to another. Thisproject, prepared by Dr Antonella Invernizzi,Dr Judith Ennew and Mr Brian Milne, thereforeaims to contribute to knowledge on children’sparticipation, particularly focusing onexperiences by collectives of children aiming toinfluence policy-making.

In the southern countries, some NGOs (some ofthem more than 20 years old) started theirprojects by building on competence andstrategies children displayed in their (veryharsh) everyday lives. They progressively builtorganisations where children today leadinitiatives at the local, national and internationallevel, influencing practice and policy making.In the European context, children’s participationin policy making is more often associated witha more abstract concept of citizenship andadult created structures (such as: youthparliaments, school councils, etc.) haveincreased in number in order to promotechildren’s inclusion.

The research aims to compare at first twoorganisations of children and young people,Funky Dragon (Wales) and Concerned forWorking Children (India), examining specificinterests of the children involved, participatoryexchanges, organisations and structures, aswell as the socio-economic and cultural context.The research design includes spaces wheredecisions about research questions, tools,analysis and writing are shared with youngpeople and staff in the organisations.

An important outcome of the project will be aset of criteria for constructing a typology ofexperiences of collective participation ofchildren and a set of flexible criteria for theevaluation of these same experiences, whichwill be created in partnership withorganisations and young people.


Dr Antonella Invernizzi

[email protected]

GERONTOLOGY/AGEING RESEARCH

Service planning and delivery for olderpeople

A three year research programme has beenfunded by Powys County Council andRhondda Cynon Taff County Borough Councilaimed at delivering improvements inknowledge based practice, service planningand delivery for older people. The researchwill lead to the creation of a comprehensivestrategy to meet the current and future needs ofolder people. The work will centre on howindependence can be promoted and realisedfor older people as well as what strategiesand attitudes social workers should adopt tomake a difference in achieving independencefor older people. The research will alsoengage in a specific piece of work on twolevels - to develop an evidence base on whichservices for older people can be planned andto increase the capacity to develop theworkforce and to improve practice. Asystematic review of literature, surveys ofcommunity populations and an evaluation ofgood practice examples will be part of themethodology. Dissemination andimplementation workshops with practitionerswill also feature as part of the programme.

The Older People and Ageing Researchand Development Network (Cymru)

OPAN (Cymru) was set up in 2005following a successful scoping study. Theaim of the network is to improve andenhance the well-being of older peoplethrough increasing research capacity in thefield of ageing. The study set out a 3-yearaction plan to build this research capacityand to improve communication between theresearch, policy and practitionercommunities. The network will focus upon:enhancing the quality and volume ofresearch; improving the integration of policy,practice and research; improving thecoordination of research both across andwithin health, social care and clinicalspecialisms, and strengthening researchcollaborations across and within sectors.

The co-directors are Professor Judith Phillips,Department of Applied Social Sciences andDr Susan Lambert, School of Health

Sciences. Regional Network leads are basedin Swansea, Bangor and Cardiff Universities.Other academic and clinical researchers witha special interest in older people and ageingworking across health and medicine andsocial care are also involved. Thematic andgeneric groups include professional andservice networks as well as networks andgroups of service users and carers.

OPAN Cymru takes a strategic approach toresearch development, working with theWelsh Assembly, All Wales Alliance forResearch and Development in health andsocial care (AWARD), Clinical Research Co-ordinating Centre Cymru (CRCCC), researchnetworks in Wales and other parts of the UKand Europe and research funding bodies.

Recent research grants include £236,640from The Welsh Office of Research andDevelopment and £372,000 from theDepartment of Health for evaluation of thecosts and benefits of computerised on-scenedecision support for emergency ambulancepersonnel to assess and plan appropriatecare for older people who have fallen: arandomised controlled trial (with theemergency care network).


Professor Judith Phillips

[email protected]

WORKFORCE RESEARCH

Physical and sexual abuse of children inresidential care

In recent years there have been numerouscases of the physical and sexual abuse ofchildren in residential care. Such care hassubsequently been perceived as a ‘placementof last resort’, and this has impacted negativelyon staff morale, recruitment and retention.Policy and legislative changes have emergedin the attempt to further protect vulnerableyoung people and improve outcomes forchildren in need, and there is now anemphasis on workforce planning and anational training strategy. Against thisbackground, Professor Matthew Colton andSusan Roberts recently investigated staff


The Wales International Centre forChildhood Studies

The Wales International Centre for ChildhoodStudies was formally established by theUniversity in 1998 to provide, for the first timein Wales, a research centre dedicated to thestudy of children and children’s issues. Underthe Direction of Professor Matthew Colton,the Centre attracted research funding andconducted important studies in a range ofchild-related areas, including; child sexabusers, commercial sexual exploitation ofyoung people, children in the social worksystem, young carers, children’s participationin decision making, children’s rights, childlabour and child protection. An internationalseminar series (organised jointly with theSchool of Law) on interdisciplinaryapproaches to children’s rights has recentlyconcluded. The proceedings, Invernizzi, A &Williams, J. ‘Children and Citizenship’, willbe published by Sage.

The achievements of the Wales InternationalCentre for Childhood Studies and the growinginterest in child-related research across abreadth of traditional academic boundaries ledto a proposal in 2003 to establish an

interdisciplinary Centre for Child Research.(See page 138.)

Same sex couples and adoption

The Department, with the Department of Law,Bristol University, is carrying out research toascertain social worker perspectives regardingthe impact of the Adoption and Children Act2002, and in particular the eligibility of samesex couples to adopt under the Act. Theresearch found that from the social workerperspective the adoption process remainsdiscriminatory and generally problematic forsame-sex adopters, with certain issuesdemonstrating a misalignment between theoryand practice. The principal researchers DrTracey Sagar and Emma Hitchings hope toextend the research to examine more closelysocial worker expectations of ‘gendered roles’and duties for same sex adopters wherecouples embark on the path of adoption.Importantly, the project aims to critically assessgender explicit roles for same sex couples whoadopt in light of non-discriminatory practice.


Dr Tracey Sagar

[email protected]


Quality of Life measures

Staff have been involved in the development ofthe Lancashire Quality of Life Profile, (which hasbeen used extensively in the UK, Europe and inBoulder, USA) and its shorter version theMANSA, which was chosen as one of fourmeasures to be included in the Department ofHealth's national pilot study of outcomes.CSRC staff developed a version for use in thegeneral population and this was used in anESRC funded study of urban regeneration. Italso informed the National PsychiatricMorbidity Survey. A version has beendeveloped for use in older people's services(QuiLL).

MANSA and the QuiLL have both beenadopted by a number of services inQueensland and Victoria (Australia), whereroutine outcome measurement is mandatory.QuiLL has been included in academic studiesbeing undertaken in the UK (in association witha US university), Sweden (funded by theSwedish Medical Research Council) and NewZealand. Both measures are listed in the 'goodpractice' section of the Centre for Policy onAgeing website.

THE SOCIAL CAREWORK RESEARCH CENTRE

The Department of Applied Social Sciencesis also establishing a research centrefocusing on the social care workforce. Theresearch centre will contribute to theprovision of workforce information, adviceand recommendations for policy makers,service providers/employers and serviceuser and carer groups. The Centre willprovide a unique facility within Wales andwill work collaboratively with other centresand agencies with a social care focus, aswell as establishing links with the SocialCare Workforce Research Unit at KingsCollege London.

The research centre’s focus will be on threeareas:

1. The Changing Social Care Workforce,to include:

• Reviews of the impact of changing careworkforce practices

• Investigating the causes of recruitment andretention difficulties

• Investigating the impacts of recruitmentinitiatives on staffing, staff and service users(eg recruiting from overseas)

• Evaluating systems for the routine collectionof social care workforce data

2. Social Care Workforce Development, toinclude:

• Adequacy and usefulness of routinelycollected data on SW education

• The role and quality of continuingprofessional education and development

• The evaluation of social work educationand educators

• regulation

3. Social Care Workforce Performance, toinclude:

• Examination of the links between workforcefactors, service performance and outcomesfor service users

• Assessment of the ways in which the workenvironment, team climate etc have aninfluence on outcomes for service users

• Evaluation of new work roles in social care

The focus will be on the description andinvestigation of contextual, inter-personal, policyand service related factors which affect thecapacity of the social care workforce topromote best practice in employment andtraining, and to achieve the highest qualitycare and best outcomes for service users andcarers. It will contribute to the development ofpolicy in relation to the social care workforce inWales, draw together academics, policymakers and practitioners as well as users andcarers and will develop partnerships withrelevant national bodies.

Professor Peter Huxley has been appointed asDirector of the Centre and Dr Sherrill Evansas Senior lecturer in the Unit. Staff in DASS, forexample, Professor Judith Phillips, will also be involved in the centre’s work.


Professor Peter Huxley

[email protected]


morale, qualifications and retention inresidential child care in Wales. The researchwas funded by the Social Education Trust, andundertaken in collaboration with the NationalChildren's Bureau.

It examined levels of morale, the perceivedlinks between morale, training andqualifications, the extent to which staff feelprepared for the residential task and therelationship between levels of morale, jobsatisfaction, support mechanisms, sources ofhelp, training, and the recruitment and retentionof staff.

The Wales study forms one part of a widerinvestigation into morale, qualifications andretention of residential staff across the UK.


Professor Matthew Colton

[email protected]

AFTER SOCIAL CAREWORK

Mental Health Social Workers andConsultant Psychiatrists

Staff conducted a national survey of mentalhealth social workers and consultantpsychiatrists across England and Wales withthe Royal College of Psychiatrists Research Unit.The research examined recruitment, vacancies,role, and retention issues in both professionalgroups. The staff questionnaire informed theADSS Cymru study of social work in Wales,and staff contributed to the analysis ofemployer and employee level data relating torecruitment, retention and staff well-being,subsequently published as 'Social Work inWales: a profession to value', (The GarthwaiteReport) which received wide media coverage.This work was highlighted by a Chief Scientist'sreview as a good practice model for the futureconduct of workforce research.


collaborating with a local primary school inorder to investigate young children’s play,learning and the outdoor curriculum. TheProject is directed by Dr Tim Waller. FromOctober 2005 to July 2006 children agedfour and five years old were taken once aweek to Tawe Riverside. The aim of theproject is to give the children an opportunityto interact regularly with natural surroundingsand to develop their own independentlearning paths. The project is also designedto enhance staff and student awareness ofthe potential of an outdoor learningenvironment. A range of methods is usedincluding observations, video film andinterviews with children, practitioners,students and parents. Research will alsoinvestigate children’s perspectives of theirexperiences on the project and children’s useof digital technology to record theirexperiences.

The project was inspired by Reggio Emilia,visits to Sweden and to Forest schools in the UK.

OUTDOOR SPACES NETWORK

The aim of this network is to supportpractitioners (largely, though not exclusively,early years teachers) who are eager todevelop their outdoor spaces as well as theirunderstanding of appropriate and effectiveplay and learning experiences in the outdoorenvironment. This is to be achieved throughoffering practitioners the opportunity to attendregular seminars held in the Department ofChildhood Studies, which are led byrecognised ‘experts’ in this field (academicsand practitioners), and to contribute to andlearn from information posted on the OutdoorSpaces website (currently under construction).To date, over 70 practitioners from acrossSouth Wales have joined the network.


Dr Trisha Maynard

[email protected] Tim Waller

[email protected]

EVALUATING THE WORK OF THECHILDREN’S COMMISSIONER FOR WALES

This three year research project is directed byDr Nigel Thomas and funded directly by theCommissioner’s office. The project runs fromApril 2005 to April 2008.

The research has been planned incollaboration with Save the Children UK andFunky Dragon (the Children and YoungPeople’s Assembly for Wales), and is beingdesigned and carried out with the activeparticipation of children and young people.

The aim of the research is to evaluate theeffectiveness of the Commissioner’s office andof the specific model used in Wales, and todevelop a process for evaluating the work ofthe Commissioner that can then be ‘handedover’ to enable continuing evaluation in thefuture. The team are in discussion withcolleagues in Scotland, Northern Ireland andelsewhere about extending the evaluation tolink up with work in the British Isles andelsewhere in Europe.


Dr Nigel Thomas

[email protected]

THE “YOUNG RESEARCHERS” PROJECT

This is a pilot project for a planned researchcentre to support children and young peoplein undertaking their own research in theirschools and communities. The project, ismodelled on a similar centre at the OpenUniversity, but has a specific focus on workingwith children who are disadvantaged. Thiswork is centred on two questions: (1) Whatare effective ways to enable children todevelop research skills?; (2) how is researchthat is planned and conducted by childrendifferent from research undertaken by adults.

The project team are currently working witheight Year Five children in two local primaryschools. The children have been introduced tosome basic research concepts and methods,and are now working in pairs on their ownresearch projects. These include aninvestigation of ‘Star of the Week’: this is


CHILDHOOD STUDIESIn 2003 an Early Childhood Studies unit wasestablished on the main university campus.Full departmental status was gained thefollowing year when the Department ofChildhood Studies became part of theSchool of Human Sciences. Research hasbeen a priority with clear objectives andtargets for staff development, publication andresearch funding, attracting research studentsand developing collaboration withacademics and practitioners.

All academic staff will contribute to the workand development of the Centre for ChildResearch (see page 138). In addition to theprojects highlighted below, funding is beingsought for research on a range of issuesincluding media literacy, unaccompaniedyoung asylum seekers, Integrated Children’sCentres and children’s understanding of theirrights. The diversity of these bids reflects acommitment to interdisciplinary research.Most staff members have professionalbackgrounds in education, social work orhealth and therefore approach research fromdiffering perspectives.

Research activity has been clustered aroundfive areas:

• Inclusion, participation and children’srights;

• Young children, play and learning(including outdoor play);

• Children, media and digital technology;

• Interagency and multidisciplinary working;

• Innovative research methods with children.

OUTDOOR PLAY AND LEARNING

Dr Trisha Maynard is currently investigatinghow a number of teachers in South Waleshave adopted and adapted the ForestSchool approach in their schools. A relatedproject directed by Dr Maynard involves sixPrimary School Headteachers who areinvestigating the possibilities, challenges andbenefits of developing the outdoor spaces intheir schools and of supporting their staff inconsidering the kinds of activities andapproaches that are most appropriate to usewhen working in the outdoor environment.The Headteachers will visit Denmark andexplore how outdoor play and learning isapproached in another culture.

TAWE RIVERSIDE OUTDOOR LEARNING PROJECT

The Department of Childhood Studies is


being investigated throughout the study,focuses on the relationship between the earlyyears teachers’ embedded principles,perceptions and philosophies, theirprofessional experience, and educationpolicy in Wales.


Dr Trisha Maynard

[email protected]

New appointments

Dr Merris Griffiths([email protected]) has abackground in education and media andcommunication, and has research interests inand publications relating to children and the

media – particularly advertising to children –media literacy, media representations ofchildren and childhood, ‘kid culture’, toysand gender, child/youth media audiencesand the use of creative methodologies. Witha background in linguistics, Dr AmeliaChurch’s work in conversation analysiscontributes both to the Department’sinnovative research methods cluster and theemerging international field of conversationanalysis in early childhood. Her work onchildren’s communicative competence anddevelopmental pragmatics (how children dothings with words) includes studies of youngchildren’s conflict resolution and aforthcoming project investigating politeness inthe playground ([email protected]).


awarded to the pupil in each class whoteachers decide has excelled in terms ofgood behaviour, effort, improvement orachievement. The children have been usingquestionnaires and interviews to exploreresponses to this award.

It is intended to extend the project to includeyoung people in secondary schools and incommunity groups. By engaging children innew forms of enquiry in their owncommunities, and at the same time buildingtheir skills and knowledge, the project aims tomake a contribution to citizenship, as well asdeveloping an understanding of what isdistinctive about research directed by children.


Dr Nigel Thomas

[email protected]

INTERACTIVE TEACHING AND ICT

Dr Alex Morgan is working as part of a teamof researchers from Swansea University, SwanseaInstitute of Higher Education and the University ofWales Aberystwyth on a project funded by theESRC Teaching and Learning Programme.

The project involves 36 teachers from 20primary and secondary schools in SouthWales. The aims of this research are

• To compare the learning outcomes ofeffective teaching in mathematics, scienceand languages using digital tools (e.g.computers, interactive whiteboards) andnon-digital tools (e.g. pen and paper).

• To analyse and theorise the links that mayexist between interactive teaching practicesand improved learning outcomes when ICTis used in classroom settings.

• To analyse any changes to the pedagogicalapproaches teachers employ as a result ofdesigning interactive teaching strategies andengaging in reflective dialogue.

• To develop research capacity in Walesconcerning learning, teaching andprofessional development.

It is anticipated that the project will producefindings concerning both the quantitative andqualitative differences in learning associated

with ICT - this is in relation to particularsubjects, particular key stages and overall.Researchers also hope to identify how farchildren are able to reflect on their learningand the conditions and resources needed tofacilitate this.


Dr Alex Morgan

[email protected]

EXPLORING REGGIO EMILIA IN A WELSHCONTEXT: A SMALL-SCALE STUDY

In September 2005, the travelling ReggioEmilia Exhibition ‘The Hundred Languages ofChildren’ was based at Swansea University.As a way of celebrating this event, tworelated initiatives were organised: aconference and a series of practitioner-ledworkshops. Following these events, theorganisers were eager to support early yearsteachers in their stated desire to explorefurther the Reggio approach and also toexamine how far an engagement with theReggio philosophy could help teachers,working within a Welsh context, to developtheir thinking and practice.

The project is directed by Dr Trisha Maynardand involves five reception class teachersworking in primary schools in South Wales.One aim of this research is to examine theteachers’ interpretations of the Reggioapproach: what, in the light of theirprofessional experience and values, is and isnot seen as significant. In an initial phase ofthis study, therefore, teachers have examinedthe highly political and complex theoreticalnature of the Reggio Emilia philosophy, theway in which the child is constructed, andthe implications that this has for howchildren’s learning is supported.

In a second phase of the project the teachershave identified and experimented with newReggio-inspired approaches; a furtherresearch aim being to evaluate whether and,if so, in what ways this experimentationimpacts on how teachers think about andaim to develop children’s learning.

A final, related, aim of this research, which is


Forged through the interactions of cognitivescience, neuroimaging, and clinicalneuroscience, cognitive neuroscience is now thedominant approach in the best psychologydepartments and neuroscience institutes in NorthAmerica and the UK. In Wales, too, we haveoutstanding research groups in this domain but itis becoming increasingly clear that to remaincompetitive with global leaders, researchgroups need to combine to develop theirresources and share the costs of expensivetechnology and expertise

The focus of the Institute is a sustainable, andgenuinely collaborative interdisciplinary researchInstitute that integrates the world-class CognitiveNeuroscience research groups at Bangor,Cardiff, and Swansea.

WICN will establish up to five new Chairs instrategically important new domains of cognitiveneuroscience, such as Language Development,Computational Neuroscience, Emotion, SocialCognitive Neuroscience and CognitiveRehabilitation. Funding will also support thedevelopment of new laboratories and clinics,post-doctoral resident and visiting fellowships tosupport collaborative research within andbetween University departments, as well asrunning costs to support access to imagingtechnologies and other resources.

The main impact of the WICN for Wales willbe to establish a collaborative Institute thatplaces Welsh Universities at the forefront of oneof the most exciting and rapidly expanding

scientific endeavours. Benefits for Wales as awhole will include:

• A strong brand image for science in Wales

• A model for other research collaborations,and the further strengthening of Wales as aknowledge-led economy.

• Increased levels of prestigious scienceresearch funding into Wales from UKResearch Councils, major UK charities, andinternational funding agencies.

• Opportunities for small, medium, and largebusiness enterprises to develop cognitiveneuroscience projects

• Potential for new jobs through spin-offcompanies specializing in niche (but wealthcreating) neuroscience technologies(hardware and software).

• Supporting developments in healthcaretechnologies that will help to improvepatient care and the health.

PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH GROUPS

1. Brain and Behaviour

The brain and behaviour research groupconsists of three subgroups: Brain Chemistry,Neuropsychology & Brain Injury andPsychophysiology.

The Brain Chemistry group's strengths lie ineating, nutrition, recreational drug use and theireffects on cognition, mood and behaviour.Professor Benton studies the effects of nutrition


PSYCHOLOGYUnlocking the secrets of the human brain-mindis one of the greatest challenges ofcontemporary science. Science has allowed usto walk on the moon, use computers to solveproblems impossible for the human mind, andextend our lifespan by decades.

However, we still lack a satisfactoryunderstanding of even the most basic thoughtprocesses, like what makes us happy or sad,how and why we make the choices we do,how we understand the world, and why andhow we are conscious. These are exciting andimportant questions that, among many others,psychology attempts to answer.

Research in the Department of Psychology isorganized in four groups, to reflect some ofthe main approaches to understanding thebrain-mind.

Commitment to internationally competitiveresearch is reflected in our continuousinvestment in research infrastructure. Currently,there are over 20 general purpose researchrooms and several specialized laboratories,including an EMG/ECG psychophysiologicalmeasurement lab, extensive EEG/ERP

facilities, a social observation lab with multi-camera, multi-monitor equipment, a sleep labwith five sound proof cubicles in an isolatedchamber, and a perception lab withcomputers equipped with hardware for ms-accuracy reaction time measurement.

The opening of the new Institute of Life Sciencewill provide access to state-of-the-art clinical,computational and VR systems, supported bythe IBM Blue C supercomputer. Swansea hasexcellent links with the NeurosciencesDirectorate at Morriston Hospital, whichprovides direct access to patients for clinicaland research purposes.

WALES INSTITUTE OF COGNITIVENEUROSCIENCE

Higher Education Funding Council for Walessupport of £5.17 million has been awarded tothe University of Wales, Bangor, CardiffUniversity and Swansea University to establish anew multi-centre Wales Institute of CognitiveNeuroscience. The Institute will draw togetherexisting cognitive neuroscience researchexcellence. Combining resources and expertise,and sharing the costs of expensive technology,the new Institute will enable Welsh cognitiveneuroscience research to compete with the bestinstitutions in the world. It will offer potentialopportunities to take economic and commercialadvantage of emerging developments in thisfield, and the new Institute will actively work withindustry and the healthcare sector to this end.

Cognitive neuroscience has emerged in the pastdecade as one of the most significant areas ofcontemporary science. This fast moving scientificdiscipline is beginning to transform theunderstanding of normal and damaged brainfunction, as well as to inform the treatment ofbrain impairments such as head injury, stroke,dementia and schizophrenia.

WICN aims to be a world-leading centre inthe study and application of cognitive andclinical neuroscience that provides a highquality educational environment for staff andgraduate students, and that contributes to thenational and international economy through theapplication of cognitive neuroscience inindustry and healthcare.


2. Cognition and Perception

The Cognition & Perception Group at Swanseaincludes research teams exploring brain andmind from a large variety of perspectives. Thelinking theme for this group is the use ofexperimental and imaging techniques toexplore the mental representations and mentaloperations that underlie our ability to think,reason, learn, act and perceive. In addition tounderstanding the normal, adult cognitivesystem, the group is also concerned withnormal and abnormal development of cognitivefunction and of understanding the nature ofcognitive deficits associated with brain injury,illness or ageing.

Current projects include the role of inhibitorymechanisms in memory, attention and learning;the role of characteristic motion in determiningobject identity; the organization and structure ofthe mental lexicon in bilingual and monolingualspeakers; the neurobiology of dyslexia;understanding concept formation as a simplicityprocess; implicit learning.

The Cognition & Perception Group is aiming tobe a major component of the newlyestablished Wales Institute of CognitiveNeuroscience (WICN), a research initiativethat will provide opportunities to collaboratewith similar research groups at Bangor andCardiff as well as improving access to a widerange of neuroimaging facilities. The Cognition& Perception group is also pursuing closer linkswith the Department of Computer Science,exploring issues in computational theory andthe use of animation and visualization asexperimental tools.

Visual Cognition

How do you recognize a friend in a crowd?How do you know that the person walkingtowards you in the street has his arm raised ina friendly wave rather than an angry gesture?When you cross a busy street, how do youjudge the speed and distance of theoncoming traffic? When you dream, what isthe nature of the images you experience? Arethey static pictures or more like a movie?When you go to pick up an object you havenever seen before, how do your eyes guideyour arm and hand?

Questions such as these are studied in anarea of psychology known as VisualCognition. At its heart is an attempt tounderstand the nature of the internalrepresentations your brain uses in order tomake sense of the external world. How doesyour brain code the shape and structure of agiven face and store it so that you can, forinstance, distinguish Tom Cruise from JackNicholson? How is the changing position ofbody parts tracked and linked to a musicalrhythm so that we can tell an expert tangodancer from a novice? Visual Cognition tries tounderstand the representations andmechanisms that allow the human brain tosolve such problems.

To many people it is surprising that after morethan a century of study we should still know solittle about mental representation, particularlygiven tremendous advances in availabletechnology and our general understanding ofbasic biological mechanisms (e.g., genomesequencing). Cracking this code,understanding the relationship between ourmental hardware (the brain) and software (themind) is almost certainly one of the last greatchallenges for human science. Professor IanThornton has been exploring the dynamicnature of mental representations. He aims tounderstand how the brain reflects the fact thatwe move, objects move and our experiencealways takes place over time? In the visualdomain, rather than looking for “pictures in thebrain” – i.e. two-dimensional, static, spatialstructures – He is interested in the movies ordynamic models that help the brain cope withthe dynamic nature of the objects and eventsthat surround us.

Research focuses on four main areas: the role of motion in determining facial identity; therepresentation of the body in motion; localizingmoving objects; and the implicit perception ofdynamic event.

The vast majority of research into faces hasused static stimuli. However, faces move inseveral different ways. When you nod orshake your head, there is rigid movement ofthe whole facial surface. Talking, laughing orsmiling, results in non-rigid deformation of theface. Finally, we typically encounter heads-on-bodies, and thus the movement in depth as


on brain function. His work is directed towardsmaking dietary recommendations, or whereappropriate to develop products that willfacilitate mood and cognitive function. Dr Lee'sresearch interests are the neurochemical basisof motivated behaviours such as eating, bodyweight regulation and obesity. Professor Brain(Biological Sciences) studies animal aggressionand its relevance to humans and the effects ofsocial stress (often caused by aggression) onphysiology and disease resistance. ProfessorParrott is an expert in recreationalpsychoactive drugs and their effects oncognition and psychobiological functioning.

The Neuropsychology and Brain Injury grouphas strong research interests in laterality,dyslexia and other disorders of reading, closedhead injury and its consequences. Dr Beatonhas a broad interest in the neuropsychologicaland biological aspects of laterality, especiallyas these relate to handedness. He is acognitive neuropsychologist with special interestin disorders of reading and developmentaldyslexia. Professor Woods is a clinicalpsychologist whose primary expertise is on theimpact of acquired brain injury, particularlyorbito-frontal injury, on behaviour, cognitionand social functioning. He also has a stronginterest in the clinical effectiveness of braininjury rehabilitation techniques in respect ofsocial outcome. Dr Bullen studies the effects ofsurgical procedures on cognitive functioningand is currently running a study on theneuropsychological consequences of carotidendarterectomy

The Psychophysiology group's research interestsinclude sleep and its disorders, schizotypy andschizophrenia, personality and consciousness.It has particular strengths in EEG, Event-relatedpotential research and brain-computer interfacetraining (Neurofeedback). Professor Corr andDr Anderson are interested in personality,especially Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, andhow it relates to anxiety and personalitydisorders, including schizotypy andschizophrenia spectrum disorders. ProfessorBurgess also studies schizophrenia and isparticularly interested in evaluating thedisconnection hypothesis of schizophreniausing EEG. Professor Burgess has a broadinterest in EEG signal analysis, especiallymeasures of functional connectivity and corticaloscillations as they relate to consciousness. DrVerstraeten also studies the EEG and has aparticular interest in electrical brain tomographyand source localisation He is also an expert inneurofeedback to treat sleep disorders. DrBlagrove researches the psychological andphysiological causes, correlates and effects ofdream content and dream frequency and therelationship between REM sleep and memory.Dr Dymond is interested in autonomicconditioning, skin conductance correlates offlexible decision making and uses event-relatedpotentials to study derived semantic networks.


Professor Adrian Burgess

[email protected]


3. Learning and Behaviour

The group's research emphasis is on the studyof a range of behavioural phenomena, suchas language and complex cognitive skills,derived relational responding, and memory.Professor Reed’s research interests coverlearning and memory, schedules ofreinforcement, and causality judgements. Animportant applied aspect of such researchrelates to intervention and Professor Reed'steam have pursued such applications in thecontext of autism, depression, andschizophrenia. In line with Professor Reed'sresearch on memory, Dr Saunders is lookingat whether conscious and unconsciousforgetting can be a goal-directed behaviour.Dr Dymond's research interests fall withinbehaviour analysis, both basic and clinical.He is interested in derived relationalresponding and relational frame theory, inparticular, relational processes and extensionsto experimental psychopathology (fear,avoidance, thought suppression). Similarly, DrMcHugh's research relates to relational frametheory implications for the experimentalanalysis of language and cognition with aparticular interest in behavioural approaches totheory of mind phenomena. Dr. McHugh isalso interested in third wave behaviourtherapies with a particular emphasis onacceptance and mindfulness interventions.Finally, Professor Corr, Dr Andersen and DrCooper are interested in emotional andmotivational processes underlying defence,approach and learning, comprising a varietyof behavioural paradigms: e.g., conditioning,procedural learning, one- and two-wayavoidance and approach behaviours, allwithin the framework of individual differencesin sensitivity to reinforcing stimuli. Additionallythe trio are interested in behavioural processesunderlying schizophrenia and ‘psychosis-proneness’ (e.g., schizotypy), using suchmeasures as latent inhibition, procedurallearning, and psychometric approaches.

The group achievements include funding in thefollowing areas: school inclusion for childrenwith autistic spectrum disorders (DisabilitiesTrust); the effects of situational factors andbehavioural dispositions on hallucinations

(Leverhulme Trust); inclusion of children withautism in schools (local education authorityand SERSEN); response sequence learning(Mechner Foundation); and flexible use ofemotion in decision-making (British Academy).Additionally, the group is actively involved inthe new Centre for Child Research.


Dr Simon Dymond

[email protected]


people walk, run or ride around providescommon dynamic contexts in which weexperience faces. Do any of these types ofmovement affect the way we represent faces?

In one series of studies the research team usedmotion capture technology and computeranimation to show that characteristic non-rigidmovements strongly influence facial identity.Briefly, observers were familiarized with twoartificial characters, Jack and Tom. Thesecharacters were always animated with aunique facial motion, taken from one of tworeal actors. So Jack always moved like actor Aand Tom like Actor B (see Figure 1). At test, theteam spatial-morphed the learned faces with20 novel faces to create artificial brothers andsisters, based just on the facial structure.Observers were shown each relative twice,once animated with the motion from theappropriate sibling, once from the oppositesibling. As shown in Figure 2, the judgement offamily resemblance was not just based on thestructure, but was heavily influenced by howthe faces moved.

A second area of research is concerned withthe visual representation of bodies and bodilyactions. A recent book collates a series ofstudies showing how “ownership” and use of abody can strongly influence the visualperception of other people’s bodies. A keyinterest here is the way in which body motionsconvey a wealth of information over and

above that which can be obtained from bodyshape body structure. For example, even whenan image is strongly degraded so that it isimpossible to tell what you’re looking at, theaddition of motion will still allow you to reliabletell if the depicted person is male of female.Figures 3 & 4 show example stimuli andresults.

As may be clear from the above, much of thework involves the use of computer graphicsand animation. While computers have longbeen a common tool for psychologists, virtualreality is only now beginning to have animpact. It is believed that advances in thecapture, control and display of information willopen new doors for experimental psychologistsas they try to understand how the brainrepresents the world around us.


Professor Ian Thornton

[email protected]


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(MB: Dr Mark Blagrove; PT: Dr Phil Tucker;EV: Dr Edwin Verstraeten)

The Occupational Psychology group studypersonnel selection and testing, theidentification of problem drinkers in theworkplace, and also issues surrounding theorganization of work hours. Their achievementsinclude the text ‘Psychological Assessment inthe Workplace: A Manager's Guide’.

Dr Cook has published on personnel selectionand has been involved in psychologicalassessment in a number of industrial andorganisational settings.


Dr Phil Tucker

[email protected]

PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OFECSTASY OR MDMA IN HUMANS

Professor Parrott has researched thepsychobiological effects of Ecstasy or MDMAin humans. In 1996, he reported the firstempirical demonstration of memory deficits inyoung recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users,compared to non-users controls. The paperdescribing these findings was awarded theBritish Association for PsychopharmacologyAnnual Journal Prize in 1999. Researchgroups worldwide have subsequentlyconfirmed and elaborated upon these findings.One of his PhD students, Dr. Helen Fox,demonstrated that recreational Ecstasy usersalso display deficits in frontal executive tasks(e.g. complex decision taking). She alsorevealed that the cognitive deficits of Ecstasypolydrug users were related to lifetime MDMAdosage, but were independent of consciousawareness. This paper was awarded the BAPprize in 2002. Another area of research hasbeen the effects of MDMA on psychiatricstatus. Studies with collaborators in Irelandand Italy have demonstrated increased rates ofdepression and phobic anxiety inEcstasy/MDMA and other types of drug users.More recently, Professor Parrott has beeninvestigating the contributory effects ofenvironmental stimulation, to the adverseeffects of MDMA. In a series of studies, he

has shown how psychoactive drug andenvironmental stimulation (e.g. heat, prolongeddancing), each contribute to the adversepsychobiological profiles of Ecstasy users.

Professor Parrott has also organized andchaired a number of international MDMAsymposia, three of which have been publishedas special journal issues. The first was held atthe Novartis Foundation in London, and thepapers were published as a special issue ofNeuropsychobiology. The second was held atthe Canadian College of Neuropharmacologyin Banff, and was published as a special issueof Human Psychopharmacology (2001). Thethird symposium, was held six years after thefirst at the Novartis Foundation. This waspublished as a two volume special issue of theJournal of Psychopharmacology (2006). Hislatest symposium is being organized at theFourth International Conference on Memory, inSydney Australia.

Professor Parrott has also researched nicotinedependency. His main contribution toknowledge is to explain how and why tobaccosmoking causes increased stress. This hasemerged in a programme of research spanningfifteen years, and has resulted in a numerouspapers, including an article in the AmericanPsychologist, which is still cited in many healthpromotion campaigns in Europe and the USA.Other areas of research include the adverseeffects of anabolic steroids on aggression(publishing the first empirical demonstration ofthis link, with Dr. Pricilla Choi in 1990).Currently he is co-principal organizer of a$2.6million five year prospective study ofEcstasy/MDMA using mothers, funded by theNational Institute on Drug Abuse in America(with the University of East London and CaseWestern Reserve University USA).


Professor Andrew Parrott

[email protected]


4. Psychology Applied to Health andMedicine

The group is organized in four sub-groups. TheExperimental Health group employsexperimental methods to study the relationshipbetween health and behaviour, health andeducation across the life span, and healthbehaviour motivation. Their achievementsinclude the development of interventions tominimise the distress associated with genetictesting for cancer. Funding has recently beenobtained to study parent/child interactions insocially deprived families, and to exploreautomatic attitudes and visual attention inrelation to exercise motivation. A new projectin the area of psychosocial oncology isconsidering the emotional and cognitiveconsequences of prostate cancer for men andtheir partners.

The Eating Behaviour group study thepromotion of healthy eating in children, infantfeeding patterns, and body image in relation tothe surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Theirachievements include being asked to advisethe Welsh Assembly on the provision ofbreakfast in schools. The group have also beeninvited to examine the issue of school meals incollaboration with Institute of Education and theJohn Smith Foundation, following the publicdebate initiated by Jamie Oliver.

Dr Edward's research team explores our bodyimage and the ways in which we think aboutour body and the way we look. ProfessorBenton and Dr Lee are concerned with the wayin which diet can improve our mood andthought processes. They have looked at theeffects of glucose, vitamins, and the importanceof breakfast in determining how well weperform and think throughout the day. This workhas had an important influence on theestablishment of breakfast clubs in primaryschools in the UK. They have also explored thereasons why we experience cravings for foodssuch as chocolate. Dr Bullen is interested inchanging motivations and behaviours in relationto children’s food concepts and preferences.

The Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Fatiguegroup study why some individuals more proneto nightmares, the treatment of sleep disorders,and the effects of shiftwork on health andsafety. Their achievements include being invitedto address the Royal Institution and theCheltenham Science Festival (MB),collaboration with Harvard Medical Schoollooking at the effects of second languagelearning on intensity of sleep (MB), thedevelopment of neurofeedback as a treatmentfor sleep disorders (EV), and being invited towrite a review for the International LabourOffice (PT).


for teaching and research.

Current research in the Motor LearningLaboratory includes:

• Decision-making (Rugby)

• Visual cues (Football)

• Anticipation

• Visual search strategy

The Exercise Physiology Laboratory has thefollowing equipment:

• A range of exercise ergometers (e.g.,treadmills, cycles, rowing, armcranks,isokinetic)

• A range of body composition analysistechniques, including the BodPod,bioelectrical impedance analysis, near infra-red analysis and hydrostatic weighing

• A range of anthropometrical measurementtechniques

• Ambulatory and laboratory-based expiredgas analysis

• Ambulatory and laboratory-basedelectrocardiographic and haemodynamicanalysis

• Lung function assessment and analysis

• Muscle function testing using multi-jointisokinetic dynamometry, force platforms andBallistic Measurement System

• A range of blood analysis equipment for thedetermination of metabolites, specificproteins and hormones

Current areas of research include:

• Sports science support for elite sportingteams, including the Ospreys, RFC andWales RFU)

• Nutritional supplementation, ergogenic aidsand exercise performance

• Exercise rehabilitation in cardiac patients

• Exercise rehabilitation in patients withchronic kidney disease

• Exercise referral populations

• Metabolic and physiological responses tohyperthermia

• Sympatho-adrenal system responses toexercise

• Analysis of heart rate variability and

electrocardiographic QT interval variability

• Non-invasive assessment of cardio-respiratory autonomic nervous system control

• Non-invasive beat-to-beat haemodynamicassessment (e.g., blood pressure, cardiacoutput and baroreceptor sensitivity)

Current research in the Notational AnalysisLaboratory includes:

• Key performance indicators in rugby andsoccer

• Strategies utilised by Premiership footballteams in European and Domestic fixtures.

• Situational awareness in hockey and squash

• Positional differences in on-the-ball actionswithin professional soccer

• Home advantage in soccer

The Biomechanics Laboratory has a state-of-the-art motion analysis system. Current researchincludes :

• Biomechanical analysis of the competitiveswimming start

• Knee kinematics associated with ACL injury

• Monitoring of fatigue and injury bymagnetic stimulation and EMG responsemeasurement

• Post operative weight bearing instructions inorthopaedic patients


Professor James Watkins

[email protected]


THE CENTRE FOR CHILD RESEARCH

The Centre for Child Research is the result ofcollaboration between academics across theuniversity who are researching child-relatedissues within such diverse subjects ascriminology, nursing, law, education,psychology, medicine, social work, earlychildhood studies and social policy. TheCentre, which is in the process ofdevelopment, will enable these academics towork together under the umbrella of oneresearch centre, so supporting theenhancement of high quality, collaborative,inter-disciplinary research.

Once fully established, the Centre, which isthe first of its kind in Wales, will produceresearch of global interest and impact, whilealso being well placed to assist the WelshAssembly Government in the development ofpriorities and policies which focus onimproving the lives of children in Wales. Webelieve that the emphasis on a multi-disciplinary approach makes the work of thisCentre groundbreaking and unique within theUnited Kingdom. The university is currentlyseeking two world-renowned researchers –one in Child Development and the other inChildren’s Rights – who will take on the roleof Co-Directors of the Centre.

The Centre for Child Research is located inpurpose built accommodation close to theconstituent departments of the School ofHuman Sciences. It is anticipated that manyacademics within the School will continue toplay a significant role in the work and furtherdevelopment of this Centre.

For more information, please contact

Dr Trisha Maynard

[email protected]

SPORTS SCIENCEResearch in Sports Science, the study of thoseaspects of the physical sciences, life sciences,and behavioural sciences, which influenceparticipation and personal performance insports, is conducted by the Sport and ExerciseResearch Group.

The group was established in 2001 andcovers three broad multidisciplinary researchareas: applied physiology in sport; cognitionand behaviour in sport performance;biomechanics and motor control. There isconsiderable collaboration between themembers of the group and other researcherswithin the School and wider university as wellas with researchers in some other universities,in particular, Glasgow and Belfast.

FACILITIES

In addition to the University's proud reputationfor sporting excellence and outstandingsporting facilities, the Sports Sciencedepartment has recently developed its ownlaboratories for motor learning, exercisephysiology, notational analysis andbiomechanics. All of the laboratories are used


School of HumanitiesHead of School - Professor Noel Thompsonwww.swansea.ac.uk/humanities

The establishment of the School of Humanities in 2005 has enabled its constituent Departments(American Studies; Classics, Ancient History and Egyptology; History; Politics and InternationalRelations; and Philosophy) to move ahead with effective collaboration designed to enhance thelearning and research environment, and to undertake initiatives that provide new and challengingopportunities for its students, both undergraduate and postgraduate.

In line with the University’s Strategic Plan, the School has fostered and supported individual andcollaborative research activity of international excellence and has established new degreeschemes at postgraduate (taught Masters) level, co-ordinated through the School’s MAdevelopment sub-committee. Many of these incorporate opportunities for students to take modulesin more than one constituent Department through increased collaboration and flexibility in moduleinterchange. New Masters programmes include the MA in Wittgensteinian Studies, MA inClassics, MA in Early Modern History, MA in Modern History, MA in Modern Celtic Studies andan MA in War and Society.

Furthermore, the School has created opportunities for students to spend a study semester abroad inthe United States through a collaborative agreement with Mary Washington University inFredericksburg, Virginia. The first three students from the School have spent the Spring semester2006 in the US.

Dedicated space for graduate students through reconfiguration of space in the Callaghan buildinghas been supported by a successful bid for SRIF 3 funding and opened in September 2006. Thisgives students access to state of the art computer, videoconferencing and media related facilities aswell as 30 work stations and associated printing facilities.

Several high-profile research centres such as the Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict, theCentre for Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology, the Centre for the Study of Wales and itsBorderlands and an emerging Centre KYKNOS (for the study of Greek Narrative Literature) havealso been established. Together with the School of Arts, Humanities also has ambitious plans for apurpose-built Richard Burton Arts and Humanities Research Centre which will house multi-mediaarchives of international significance. This will provide a resource for research of internationalexcellence into the history and culture of Wales

Finally, the School is building strong international links with a view to future collaborative researchactivity and in 2005/2006, the School hosted a Leverhulme fellow from the United States MilitaryAcademy at West Point in the Callaghan Centre for Conflict.

Professor Noel Thompson

Head, School of Humanities

School of

Humanities

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Professor Philip Melling's The AmericanAdam: Salvation and Suicide was publishedby The University of Salamanca Press in 2001.The Adversarial Imagination appeared inAmerican Film and Politics in 2002(Manchester University Press) and the co-editedAmerica in the 1920s, a three volumecollection of literary and cultural documentswas published in 2004. Life on the Hyphen:Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea hasbeen accepted for publication by Kent StateUniversity Press in 2007. Philip Melling hasalso been invited to contribute a chapterentitled "King Philip's Shadow: Vietnam andIraq" in a collection of essays for MacmillanPublishers on the Regacy of the Vietnam War.He gave a key note address to the GermanEmbassy in Washington, November 2002, onAmerican Religious Fundamentalism. He iscurrently working on a monograph entitledHemingway and Imperialism. ProfessorMelling has been granted exclusive access, byProfessor Gladys Rodriguez, one of thepioneers of Hemingway research in Cuba, toan unpublished archive of research on writerErnest Hemingway's life in Cuba.

Dr David Bewley-Taylor has publishedwidely on the US waron drugs andinternational drugpolicy. He has been akeynote speaker atseveral recentconferences. Recentpublications include

“Watch This Space: Civil Liberties, ConceptWars and the Future of the Urban Fortress” inthe Journal of American Studies, and ‘GettingHigh on the Policy Agenda: Europe, the USand the future of the Global Drug ProhibitionRegime,’ in The Journal of Transatlantic Studies(Edinburgh University Press). In 2005 hepublished ‘Emerging Policy Contradictionsbetween the United Nations Drug ControlSystem and the Core Values of the UnitedNations,’ in The International Journal of DrugPolicy (Elsevier) and ‘U.S. Concept Wars, CivilLiberties and the Technologies of Fortification,’in Crime, Law and Social Change: AnInterdisciplinary Journal (Springer, formerlyKluwer Academic Publishers) Dr Bewley-Taylorwas awarded a Leverhulme ResearchFellowship in 2005. He is currently workingon several projects based on researchconducted during the Fellowship, “The US,Drug Policy and the Future of the UN.” Theseinclude several articles and a researchmonograph provisionally titled ParadigmShift?, The US and International Drug Policy inTwenty-First Century. Dr Bewley-Taylor also actsas an international drug policy consultant fororganizations in the UK and overseas.

Dr Alan Bilton’smonograph AnIntroduction toContemporaryAmerican Fiction waspublished by New YorkUniversity Press in2002. America in the1920s, Helm, (2004),a three volume editionof American writings

and cultural documents, was recently co-editedand included a 30,000 word introduction. DrBilton’s “Buster Keaton: First Things and the Last’,has been accepted by The Journal of AmericanStudies and will be published later this year; anearlier version of this paper, ‘Buster Keaton andthe South’ has been published in a collection ofEAAS Conference proceedings, America in theCourse of Human Events (VU University Press,2006). An article on ‘Consumerism and itsDiscontents: The Desperate Comedies of HaroldLloyd’ was recently published (in Spanish) byArchivos, while a longer piece on Lloyd,‘Constantly Moving Happiness Machines:


AMERICAN STUDIESResearch specialisms reflect staff interests inthe areas of American literature, Americanhistory, American politics, and interdisciplinaryareas of American culture and society.Within these fields, strengths includecontemporary American literature, Americanfundamentalism, war (American War ofIndependence, Civil War, Vietnam War),American labour history, the AmericanPresidency, Native American history andliterature and international drugs policy.Interdisciplinary research is encouraged, andthe Department has taken an active part inthe development of the Callaghan Centre forthe Study of Conflict.

Professor Jon Roper’smonograph: TheContours of AmericanPolitics was publishedby Polity Press in2002. “George WBush and the Myth ofHeroic PresidentialLeadership”, appearedin Presidential StudiesQuarterly in March

2004. With Professor John Baylis, he editedThe United States and Europe: Beyond theNeo-Conservative Divide (Taylor and Francis,2006). This brings together internationalcontributors to consider the political, historicaland cultural relationship between America andEurope. Professor Roper has presented papersat national and international conferences,including “Leadership and Power:Neoconservatism, New Labour and the ‘Waron Terror’” (Colloquium on Anglo-Americanrelations, University of Paris 8, 2006),“Europe’s Vietnam Syndrome? America andthe Quagmire of Iraq” (Centre for Diplomaticand International Studies, University ofLeicester, 2005) and “Check-Mate:Presidential Power in the “War on Terror”(European Association of American Studies,Prague, 2004). Recent publications includea chapter in David Ryan and John Dumbrell(eds.), Vietnam in Iraq: Lessons, Legacies andGhosts, (Taylor and Francis, 2006). In May2005, at the invitation of the British Academy,he convened a conference to mark the thirtiethanniversary of the end of the Vietnam War.He is presently editing a book of theproceedings, with additional contributions, forPalgrave Macmillan.

142 School of Humanities


Harold Lloyd, Edward Bernays and AmericanConsumerism’ is under consideration by theAmerican Quarterly. An article on HarryLangdon, Shell-shock and Silent War Films, iscurrently under consideration by Screen Studiesand Dr Bitton has recently finished an essay onFatty Arbuckle and Conspicuous Consumption,‘Everyone Loves A Fat Man’.

Dr Duncan Campbell’s monograph, EnglishPublic Opinion and the American Civil War,published in the Royal Historical Society'sStudies in History Series in 2003, wasnominated by members of the Lincoln Prizecommittee for the 2004 prize. His mostimportant publication prior to this was theAmerican Civil War in Helm's Literary Sourcesand Documents series which he completed withJon Roper in 2000. Recent publicationsinclude, a chapter on Anglo-American relationsduring the Civil War in Palmerston Studies anda book, The Victorians and America. DrCampbell was awarded a ScouloudiFoundation research grant from the Institute forHistorical Research for his work on theAmerican Civil War.

Dr Peter Carr’s ’Traduttore, Traditore’:Guillermo Cabrera Infante and PostmodernTranslation has been published recently as achapter in a book on language. He has alsowritten on Lance Armstrong and George W.Bush: French anti-Americanism and TexanTraditionalism in Le Tour, (published in SportsHistory Review in 2006), and War and ’Re-borderisation’ and the South-Western Novelsof Ana Castillo and Cormac McCarthy. Hehas two new projects; the publication of hisdoctoral dissertation, The Utopian Impulse inAmerican Modernity and Postmodernity anda monograph on Sports Autobiography sinceWorld War II.

Dr Stephen McVeigh’s monograph, TheAmerican Western, an examination of theimportance of the Western as a written andvisual text in American history and culture,was published by Edinburgh University Press(2006). The Galactic Way of War (inFinding the Force in the Star Wars Franchise:Fans, Merchandise, and Critics, Peter Lang)interrogates the American experience of warvia its representation in the Star Wars


movies. Subverting Shane: Ambiguities inEastwood’s Politics in A Fistful of Dollars,High Plains Drifter and Pale Rider (in ClintEastwood: Actor/Director, University of UtahPress) compares the filmmaker’s publicconservatism with the liberal sentiments ofthese Westerns, specifically in relation to theVietnam War. An edited collection entitledNew Perspectives on the Representation ofWar in Visual Culture resulted from theinternational conference ‘Representations ofWar in Visual Culture’, which Dr McVeighco-organized with Alan Bilton. In addition, DrMcVeigh is the contributor of the section‘American Fiction 1900-1945’ in The Year’sWork in English Studies, Vols. 83, 84, and85 (Oxford University Press).

Dr Craig Phelan was appointed Editor ofLabor History, the pre-eminent journal ofhistorical labour studies, in 2003. He is soleeditor of and contributor to, two books, bothwith Peter Lang: The Future of OrganisedLabour: Global Perspectives (2006), andTrade Union Revitalisation: Trends andProspects in 38 Nations (forthcoming,2007). His article, ‘The Knights of Laborand the Open Source Tradition’, will appearin the European Journal of Industrial Relations12: 1 (2007); another article, ‘The TwoWorlds of Skill, Capitalism and Welfare’,was published in Labor History 47: 3(2006). He has recently published a bookchapter on Terence Powderly and theKnights of Labor in New Approaches toSocialist History (2003). And his bookchapter, ‘Political Economy: Divergence andConvergence between the United States andEurope’, appears in John Baylis and JonRoper, eds., Disunited States: America andEurope Beyond the Neo-Conservative Divide(Frank Cass, 2006). Dr Phelan has receivedinvitations to speak at Harvard UniversityLaw School (March 2006), Ruskin College,Oxford (June 2006), and at the InternationalSociological Association’s World Congressin Durban, South Africa (July 2006). DrPhelan will be a Visiting Research Fellow atthe Rothermere American Institute (RAI),Oxford University from September 2006 toJanuary 2007.

Dr Joy Porter’smonograph ‘To BeIndian: The Life ofSeneca-Iroquois ArthurCaswell Parker, 1881-1955’ was publishedby the University ofOklahoma Press in2002. Dr. Porter wasnominated for thePhilip Leverhulme Prize

for History and To Be Indian was deemed theOutstanding Academic Title by ChoiceMagazine. Her collection The CambridgeCompanion to Native American Literature,which she edited with Kenneth Roemer of TheUniversity of Texas, Arlington, contained herchapter “Historical Contexts to NativeAmerican History” and appeared in 2005.Her chapter “On Full-Stoppers and Semi-Colonials: Writer’s Reflections on NativeAmerican Literature” appeared in First Nationsof North America: Politics andRepresentations (VU University Press) in 2005and her chapter “Imagining Indians: NewDirections in Native American History”appeared in The State of U.S. History (BergPress) in 2002. Her “North American Indiansand the Irish” was published in Irish StudiesReview in 2003 and her co-authored article“Jimmy Carter: The Re-emergence of Faith-based Politics and the Abortion Rights Issue”appeared in Presidential Studies Quarterly in2005. Dr. Porter’s two edited collectionsstemming from the American Indian Workshopconference she organised in 2006, Place &Native American Indian History and Cultureand Place & Native American Literature andCulture will appear with Peter Lang AG in2007. Her co-authored Fighting Words:Competing Voices From Native America isalso under contract with Greenwood Pressand will appear in 2007/8.


Professor Jon Roper

[email protected]

Professor Ceri Daviesis primarily a Latinist.Over thirty years theconcentration of hispublished research hasmainly been in twoclosely connectedareas: the study of Latinwritings by Welshhumanists of the period1540-1640, and the

wider study of the reception of the Greek andLatin classics in Welsh-language literature.Since 2001 he has published two volumes ona Latin-writing Welsh scholar whosemonumental achievements encompassed thefields of literary and historical scholarship,biblical translation, the study of grammar andlexicography: Dr John Davies o Fallwyd (2001)and (as editor and contributor) Dr John Daviesof Mallwyd: Welsh Renaissance Scholar(2004). A Leverhulme Research Fellowship(2001-2) enabled him to conduct fundamentalresearch on the text of John Prise, HistoriaeBrytannicae Defensio (published 1573). Threearticles and chapters based on this work havealready appeared; work continues on theproduction of an edited text, translation andcommentary. Notable among ProfessorDavies’s recent publications on the reception ofclassical literature are an article on Wales andGreek drama, a chapter on the Aeneid andtwentieth-century Welsh poetry and the T HParry-Williams Memorial Lecture for 2004, ‘EiHoras a’i Gatwlws ar y Llawr: Y Clasuron aLlenyddiaeth Gymraeg y Ddwy GanrifDdiwethaf’. He is among the contributors tothe Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(2004), Celtic Culture: a HistoricalEncyclopedia (2006) and the forthcomingAcademi-sponsored Encyclopaedia ofWales/Gwyddoniadur Cymru.

Dr David Gill (Senior Lecturer) is a classicalarchaeologist with a focus on Greek materialculture. He is an authority on the history ofcollecting and archaeological ethics. His work(with his co-researcher Dr ChristopherChippindale, Cambridge University Museumof Archaeology and Anthropology) has beenpublished in journals such as the AmericanJournal of Archaeology (Archaeological

Institute of America) and the InternationalJournal of Cultural Property. He was invited tobe a contributor to the Society for AmericanArchaeologists volume Ethical Issues inArchaeology (2003). His interest in the historyof collecting and its link with the history ofarchaeology is reflected in his invitation to bea supervising editor (and contributor) for theclassical archaeology and art historical entriesin The Dictionary of British Classicists(Thoemmes Continuum 2004). He was also acontributor to the Oxford Dictionary ofNational Biography (OUP 2004). He is aFellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Dr Gillalso contributes to the Egyptological part ofthe department. His work within the time-frame pertains to theCyrenaica, museology, and the history andethics of excavation. Dr Gill is deputy directorof the Centre for Egyptology andMediterranean Archaeology.

Mr Byron Harries is a part-time tutor. Hisresearch interests lie in two fields. The first islater Greek hexameter poetry, from Apolloniosof Rhodes to Nonnos, including both epic anddidactic verse (such as Oppian’s Halieutika),as part of which he is translating Nonnos’Dionysiaka for Penguin Classics. The secondconcerns Cicero, particularly his intellectualformation and the interaction between hisliterary reading and his literary production. A recent conference paper ‘The comic stagein early Cicero’ will lead to a more broadlyranging exploration of Cicero’s use of Romandrama in his forensic speeches. He is alsoworking on an edition of Julian’s Caesares forCambridge University Press’s CambridgeGreek and Latin Classics series.

Dr Fritz-Gregor Herrmann is a SeniorLecturer in Classics and Ancient History. Hisarea of primary research is Ancient Greekthought and philosophy, with an emphasis onthe fifth and fourth centuries BCE. His maincontribution to date has been in the area ofGreek philosophical semantics. Hispublications over the last decade focus on thelanguage and concepts of Plato’s ontology, asdeveloped by the philosopher in dialogue withearlier writers and earlier genres of writing.Recent publications include articles on Platoand Anaxagoras, Plato and Democritus, and


CLASSICS, ANCIENT HISTORY &EGYPTOLOGYThe work of the Department of Classics,Ancient History and Egyptology covers allaspects of the languages, literature, history,culture and thought of the ancient civilisationsof Egypt, Greece and Rome. The interests ofindividual members of staff cover a widespectrum of topics, and, while traditionallyand continuingly much important researchwork in the subject is the product ofindividual labour, recent appointments havebeen made strategically to consolidate andpromote existing research synergies. Tworecently established research centres willprovide focus, profile and direction forsignificant proportions of the Department’sresearch efforts; co-ordination with otherDepartments in Wales and internationally isalso provided by the University of WalesInstitute of Classics and Ancient History(UWICAH):

Dr Joanne Berry is a part-time tutor. Herresearch focuses on Pompeii and thesettlements of Vesuvius. Her workencompasses two separate but interlinkedstrands: the history of the excavations in thisregion and how this has affected what can

be reconstructed about these sites today; andthe reconstruction of the domesticenvironment, based on study of artefactsexcavated from the houses of Pompeii. Herwork on these issues, and in particular on theconditions of life at Pompeii in the yearsbefore the eruption of AD 79, has previouslybeen published in the Papers of the BritishSchool at Rome and in a Journal of RomanArchaeology Supplement (Domestic Space inthe Roman World). She is involved in severalarchaeological projects at Pompeii, includingthose of the British School at Rome and theGerman Archaeological Institute in Rome.Her work will form substantial sections offorthcoming publications of both projects.She was approached by Thames andHudson in 2004 to write a detailed study ofthe excavation and history of Pompeii. Thismonograph will be published in 2007. DrBerry’s current research interests lie in thenewspaper reports of the excavations ofPompeii and Herculaneum from the 1800s tothe current time. Her work aims todemonstrate how popular interest in the siteshas directly influenced the aims and agendasof the excavations. Dr. Berry is a member ofthe Centre for Egyptology andMediterranean Archaeology.


research has been primarily in the developmentof Greco-Roman cities, particularly in AsiaMinor. His fieldwork has concentrated on theprovision of basic amenities, in particularaspects of water supply and the removal ofwaste. On a more general theme,reassessments of the Greco-Roman city havealso been undertaken. Dr Owens is a memberof the Centre for Egyptology andMediterranean Archaeology.

Dr Nigel Pollard is a Lecturer in AncientHistory. His research focuses on culture,identity, power, and control in the RomanEmpire and the Hellenistic and Parthiankingdoms, at their centres and their margins,opening up new approaches to issues ofcultural identity. The evidence he employsincludes literary source material, but since someof the areas and issues in which he isinterested are rather marginal to thepreoccupations of ancient authors, materialand visual evidence and documents(inscriptions, papyri, graffiti etc.) tend to be ofmore value. He also makes extensive use ofarchives and collections relating to pastarchaeological fieldwork, such as the 1930sexcavations at Dura-Europos in Syria andKaranis in Egypt. He is engaged inarchaeological fieldwork and the publication offieldwork in Rome (Lacus Iuturnae, Roman

Forum) and Syria (Androna/Anderin). DrPollard is a member of the Centre forEgyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology.

Dr Anton Powell is Director of UWICAH.His research has two main areas. First:archaic, classical and Hellenistic Sparta, andtheir treatment in literary sources, mainlyAthenian. He focuses on the role of citizenwomen in Spartan politics, warfare andluxurious living, and also on Spartanimperialism. An article published in 2004compares the performance of Spartan womenin war with that of other Greek women;another recent article seeks to explain whySparta did not destroy Athens in 404 BCE.His second area of interest is conflictingideologies in the Roman Revolution (ca. 59BCE – 14 CE), particularly those of SextusPompeius and Octavian-Augustus, and thereflections thereof in the works of Virgil. Hehas sought to reconstruct the career of SextusPompeius and its profound effect on thestanding, and subsequently on the advertisedideals of Octavian; he has done this, initially,in his contributions to a co-edited volume onSextus Pompeius published in 2002. Heargues that all of Virgil’s three works have, aspart of their structure, the aim of apologisingfor Octavian’s apparent shortcomings ascompared with Sextus Pompeius. This willresult in a monograph, Virgil the Partisan, to


Plato and the Pythagorean Philolaus. A chapterfor the Blackwell Guide on Greek Religion, onReligion and Philosophy – The God of thePhilosopher, is forthcoming. He is completinga monograph on Plato’s ontology: Words andIdeas. The Roots of Plato’s Philosophy, and iscurrently editing, and contributing to, a volumeof New Essays on Plato (Swansea), and is co-editor of, and contributor to, volumes on TheGood and the Form of the Good in Plato’sRepublic (with D. Cairns and T. Penner;Edinburgh), and on Plato and the Poets (with P.Destrée; Leiden). Between 2001 and 2006,Dr Herrmann has organised and co-organiseda number of conferences and colloquia onPlato in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Swansea.He is an active member of the KYKNOSCentre for Research on Ancient NarrativeLiterature.

Professor Alan Lloydis an Emeritus Professor,whose interests coverboth Egyptology andGreek History. On theGreek side his primarystrand of research andpublication has beenthe continuation of hiscommitment to researchon Herodotos. He has

been invited to contribute to severalconferences or volumes, resulting in a numberof recent research papers, including ‘TheGreeks and Egypt’ from the conference inRhodes in 2004. On the Egyptian sideProfessor Lloyd has undertaken dedicatedEgyptological work, leading to joint publicationof the tomb of Neferseshemptah at Saqqara.This is the end of his involvement in theSaqqara Epigraphic Survey which goes backto the late 1970s. Professor Lloyd is a memberof the Centre for Egyptology andMediterranean Archaeology.

Professor John Morgan is the Leader of theKYKNOS research centre. His researchcontinues to centre on ancient fictional narrativeliterature, particularly the Greek romance. Heendeavours to combine philological rigour withreceptivity to new agendas and criticalmethodologies. His work addresses issues of

narratology, literary and cultural theory, literaryinterpretation, gender, historical and socialcontext, including religion and philosophy. Hiscommentary on Longus’ Daphnis and Chloe(2004) is, among other things, an exercise inexploring how literary narrative createsmeaning through the reader’s actuation of thetext; this is both as a summation of earlier workon this author and a set of strategies for futurework. His contributions to Irene de Jong’s seriesof Studies on Ancient Greek Narrative begin acomprehensive narratological taxonomy of thecanonical Greek novels. Some of his recentwork on Heliodoros has made a start onexploring the interface between pagan andChristian narrative in late antiquity: a recentpaper in French explores the polemicalengagement between Heliodoros’ novel andsome of the semiotic systems of earlyChristianity. He is working on several long-termprojects, including an edition of Heliodoros’novel for the Loeb Classical Library.

Dr Karen Ní Mheallaigh joined theDepartment in September 2005 as a Lecturer.Her doctoral research challenges the notionthat we are lacking sustained theory fromantiquity on narrative fiction and prose genres,a deficiency that is most crucially felt inconnection with the ancient novel. Her researchfocuses on the works of prose authors whotend to be considered ‘marginal’ from theperspective of the novel, such as Lucian ofSamosata; she demonstrates how the ludicfiction of this self-styled innovator of genreactually enacts the processes of reading andwriting fiction, and can therefore be read asimplicit theory, which is of vital importance toscholars of the ancient novel. Her research onLucianic fiction has also evolved into anexploration of other related areas, e.g. ancient‘metafiction’, speculative fiction and thefantastic in ancient literature, literary pseudo-documentarism, and the importance of Plato asa literary author. She plans a major researchproject which will include narratologicalanalysis of the fictional works of Philostratos,and the apocryphal authors Dictys and Dares.Dr Ní Mheallaigh will play a major part in theactivities of the KYKNOS Research Centre.

Dr Eddie Owens is a Senior Lecturer. His


of the Centre for Egyptology andMediterranean Archaeology.

Dr Christopher Stray is an Honorary ResearchFellow. His work deals mostly with the history ofClassics (teaching, scholarship, institutions,publishing). He has also worked on the historyof universities more broadly: an article on theshift from oral to written examinations inCambridge, Oxford and Dublin, 1700-1914,appeared in History of Universities in 2005.His other areas of interest are slang and familylanguage (on which he published an article in2004 in Australasian Victorian Studies) and thehistory of textbooks. A detailed study of thehistory of Classics at Cambridge has led bothto other areas of Classics and of the history ofCambridge University, and to comparative workon Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin. Much ofhis current work derives from the discovery ofthe papers of Sir Richard Jebb in September2002. The forthcoming edition of hiscorrespondence will include both sides of someexchanges (e.g. with Gilbert Murray andHeinrich Schliemann), and will discuss themethodological problems raised by previoustreatments of his life and works.

Dr KasiaSzpakowska is alecturer in Egyptology.She has published amonograph BehindClosed Eyes, as wellas a series of articleson the phenomena ofdreams and nightmaresin Ancient Egypt,primarily through the

New Kingdom. The interdisciplinary projectsrelated to this topic reveal not only details ofancient Egyptian life, but contribute to ourunderstanding of the social life of humankind ingeneral and the force that dreams have in bothshaping and reflecting cultural behavior andtradition. Her forthcoming monograph on dailylife in the Late Middle Kingdom includes thestudy of marginalized groups and genderbased on primary textual and material evidencefrom Illahun. Her next major research projectfocuses on the material manifestation of privatereligious practice in Ancient Egypt (with aspecific study on clay cobra figurines found indomestic and military contexts in New KingdomEgypt and the Levant). Dr Szpakowska has

served both as editor of, and been invited topublish in, scholarly volumes on topics related toAncient Egypt and religious practice inparticular. She has increasingly been invited tospeak at both highly specialised events such asthe Dreams in Ancient Cultures Symposium atColumbia University New York as well as largeinternational conferences such as the AnnualConference of the Society of Biblical Literatureand American Oriental Society. Dr.Szpakowska is also involved in e-scholarshipprojects such as Blackwells' Compass and theUCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. DrSzpakowska is a member of the Centre forEgyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology.

UNIVERSITY OF WALES INSTITUTE OFCLASSICS AND ANCIENT HISTORY(UWICAH)

Founded in 1993, UWICAH is one of theworld’s most productive researchorganisations in the field of Classical studies.It has to date run over 25 conferences, themajority of which have resulted in publishedbooks. UWICAH exists to enhance thereputation and the quality of Classicalscholarship in Wales. Close collaborationwith leading international researchers, atconferences and in the preparation ofcollective volumes, has led to many highlyproductive synergies. Foreign scholars,particularly from the United States, France andAustralia, regularly participate in UWICAHprojects, as do senior members of most Britishand Irish universities where Classics is taught.

In September 2003, with the support ofUWICAH, Professor Lloyd and DrSzpakowska organised the first internationalEgyptological conference to be held inWales: Through a Glass Darkly: Magic,dreams, and prophecy in Ancient Egypt.

In addition, much research work in theDepartment organically complements thework of other university research centres,including GENCAS and the CallaghanCentre for the Study of Conflict.

For further information, please contactProfessor Ceri [email protected]


be published 2007. Dr Powell founded theClassical Press of Wales in 1993: by 2007it will have published some 50 volumes.

Dr Maria Pretzler specialises in ancientGreek history. Her research currently focuseson Pausanias and ancient travel writing. Shealso has wider interests in the culture of theGreek East of the Roman Empire (SecondSophistic). Dr Pretzler has also worked onPeloponnesian history and intends to turn herattentions to Sparta's Peloponnesian allies inthe Archaic and Classical period. She hasexperience with archaeological field surveys inGreece as well as Italy, specialising in themethodology of survey archaeology. DrPretzler is currently a co-director (with JohnPearce of Kings College London and CorinnaRiva of St John’s, Oxford) of a field survey inItaly, the Upper Esino Valley survey project.Dr Pretzlar is a member of the Centre forEgyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology.

Dr Tracey Rihll is apart-time Lecturer. Hercurrent research isfocussed on ancientscience andtechnology, as it hasbeen for the lastdecade. She retains,however, an interest inancient slavery,especially where it

overlaps ancient science and technology (slave

practitioners of science or technology, machinesas alternative sources of power). Dr Rihll is amember of the Centre for Egyptology andMediterranean Archaeology.

Professor Thomas Schneider has focused animportant part of his research in recent years onEgypt’s cultural and linguistic interrelations withthe Ancient Near East, North Africa, and theAegean, the topic of a four year projectsupported by the Swiss National ScienceFoundation in connection with his formeremployment as a research professor at theUniversity of Basel. Prior to the publication of thefinal project monographs, its most visibleoutcome is a volume of papers from a congressand a larger number of articles. A secondmajor focus of his research comprises AncientEgyptian history in a broad sense, ranging fromtraditional approaches to political history towork emphasising the importance of newdevelopments in social and cultural studies inour conception of Ancient Egypt. Examples ofthis approach are his comprehensive study ofthe political and social history of foreigners inthe Middle Kingdom and Hyksos periods, andstudies on the methodology of Egyptologicalhistoriography and chronology. Other areas ofhis research are Egyptian phonology andstudies on a variety of literary and religious textsfrom the Middle Kingdom to the Late Period. Abeginner’s grammar and chrestomathy ofBohairic Coptic is in course of preparation. Hisfuture research will be determined by thecomprehensive research projects to be launchedat the University. Professor Schneider is director


Professor JohnFrance published TheCrusades and theExpansion of Europe(Routledge) in 2005.His next study –Perilous Glory: Warfarefrom the Fall of Rome tothe Millennium – iscontracted to Yale UP.He is co-editing with

Philip de Souza of St Mary’s University College,Strawberry Hill, a volume of essays based oncontributions to the July 2000 Anglo-AmericanConference (including his own) under the titleWar and Peace in Ancient and MedievalHistory (contracted to Cambridge UniversityPress). He is editing a collection of Essays onMedieval warfare, 1000-1300 for Ashgateand is co-editor with Professor Kelly Devries ofLoyola University (Baltimore) of another volumefor the same publisher entitled Essays on EarlyMedieval Warfare. Professor France is an editorof the Journal of Medieval History (Boydell).

Dr Stefan Halikowski-Smith has published aseries of articles and is now completing amonograph on Portugal and the EuropeanSpice Trade 1480-1580 (Brill, 2007). He willthen devote himself to preparing for publicationa work that he is co-editing (with a Portuguesecolleague) Portugal Indico: A Critical Anthologyof Primary Source Material relating to thePortuguese Presence in South Asia in theColonial Period. He has held researchfellowships in Lisbon (2005), and Prato (2005)and Oklahoma (2004).

Dr Dan Healeypublished HomosexualDesire in RevolutionaryRussia: the Regulationof Sexual and GenderDissent (University ofChicago Press, 2001),which was reissued inpaperback in 2005.A translation intoRussian supported by

the Soros Open Society Foundation publishedin 2006 by Ladomir Press, Moscow. Withresearch leave support from the AHRC, he is

completing a monograph on Early SovietForensic Medicine and the Limits of SexualUtopianism for Chicago UP based on hisWellcome research project (1998-2002).

Dr Martin Johnes isthe author of Soccerand Society: SouthWales, 1900-1939(University of WalesPress, 2002) andSport in Wales(University of WalesPress, 2005). Hehas producednumerous articles on

the social, cultural and political history ofBritain and Wales in the nineteenth- andtwentieth-centuries. He was awarded theLord Aberdare Literary Prize for SportsHistory (2002), was elected chair of theBritish Society of Sports History (2004),and is a member of the editorial board forSport in History.

Dr John Law has recently co-edited andcontributed to two volumes on nineteenth-century responses to the Italian Renaissance(both 2005) and to Italian histories of thelater middle ages (2002). He is involved ina project sponsored by the FondazioneCassamarca of Treviso to publish a series ofvolumes on Italy and Europe in theRenaissance and he is completing a majormonograph on The lordships, the signorie,of late medieval and Renaissance Italy forCambridge University Press. Dr Law is editorof Renaissance Studies and during 2007will be a visiting fellow at I Tatti, Florence.

Dr Jill Lewis co-edited Power and thepeople: a social history of Central EuropeanPolitics, 1945-56 (Manchester UP, 2005), avolume of essays arising from aninternational conference held at Swansea, towhich she contributed a chapter. She wasawarded AHRC-funded research leave for2004-5 to complete her monograph onWorkers and Politics in Occupied Austriawhich was published by ManchesterUniversity Press in 2006.


HISTORY The research activity of the HistoryDepartment is characterized by its very widechronological and geographical range andby the variety of its theoretical concerns andapproaches. Considered thematically, thedepartment is strong in gender history,cultural history, intellectual history, social andeconomic history, and the history of art andcollecting. Members of the department areinvolved in collaborative research projectsand research centres and have organisedand participated in international conferencesconcerned with urban history, the history ofscience and medicine, the history of war andconflict, the history of education, and thehistory of political thought. Consideredgeographically, the department is particularlystrong in European history and the history ofthe British Isles. Wales has, of course,traditionally been a focus of research formany members of the Swansea history staff.

The research interests of members of theDepartment fall into several natural clusters.Some of these clusters are groupspreoccupied with a nexus of historicalproblems, others are informal seminar-basedgroupings in which different kinds ofexpertise are brought to bear upon aparticular theme. Thus the Department hasclusters centred on urban history (Drs Assael,Johnes and Miskell, with Professor Williams),connoisseurship and travel (Drs Dunthorne,Law, Mosley and Professor Whitehead),economic history (Professor Thompson, DrSarson and Nicholas Woodward), warfare(Professor France and Ifor Rowlands), thehistory of ideas (Drs Dunthorne, Mosley,Pörtner and Professors Clark and Thompson)and histories of the body and sexuality (DrsAssael, Healey, Johnes, Turner and Youngs).Several members of the Department alsohave research interests in Welsh history thatrun alongside their main speciality. In manycases these interests extend well beyond theconfines of the History Department andinvolve debate and discussion withcolleagues elsewhere in the University,especially through research centres such as the Callaghan Centre for Conflict Studiesor GENCAS.

Dr Brenda Assael'sawards from the AHRBand Leverhulme fundeda period of researchleave, 2002-03 whichallowed the completionof her monograph TheCircus and VictorianSociety (University ofVirginia Press, 2005).She has published

several entries in the new Oxford DNB and haswon grants from the British Academy and avisiting Taft Fellowship at the University ofCincinatti (2005) for work on her current book-length project, a study of the nineteenth-centuryrestaurant in London and New York City.

Professor StuartClark has submittedVanities of the Eye:Vision in EuropeanCultural Debate, 1430-1680 to OxfordUniversity Press forpublication in 2007,and he is joint author ofThe Athlone History ofWitchcraft and Magic

in Europe: Vol 4, The Period of the Witch Trials(Athlone Press: London, and University ofPennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2002).Professor Clark was elected Fellow of the BritishAcademy in 2000 and he is a member of theAHRC Peer Review College. He was theDouglas Southall Freeman Professor of Historyat the University of Richmond VA during theSpring Semester of 2003, and Stewart Fellowin the History Department and Council of theHumanities at Princeton University for the FallSemester 2004.

Dr Hugh Dunthorne is completing a book TheCommon Road: Britain and the Dutch Revolt forCambridge University Press with the aid of anAHRB Research Leave award for 2003-4. Hehas published several essays, as well as entriesin the Oxford DNB. Dr Dunthorne securedBritish Academy funding for, and serves on thesteering committee of, a project on William III:Politics and Culture in an International Context,1650-1702 which involves symposia atUtrecht, Aberdeen and The Hague.


short articles and pieces in dictionaries andencyclopaedias. A second enlarged edition ofhis Political economy and the Labour Partyappeared in 2005. Professor Thompson is amember of the AHRC Peer Review College.

Dr David Turnerpublished FashioningAdultery: Gender, Sexand Civility in England1660-1740(Cambridge UP, 2002)and is now working ona project on pluralmarriage in earlymodern England andWales. Dr Turner has

recently completed the joint editing (with KevinStagg of Cardiff University) of a book ofessays, entitled A Social History of Disability,for the Studies in the Social History ofMedicine Series published by Routledge. Inaddition to his Roger W. Eddy visiting researchfellowship at Yale University in 2001, he wasa Visiting Scholar at St Deiniol’s Library,Hawarden, in 2004.

Professor Maurice Whitehead has publishedarticles in Recusant History and PaedagogicaHistorica and a book chapter on Catholiceducation in the late-eighteenth and earlynineteenth centuries. He has edited, withDavid Hartley, Teacher Education: majorthemes (5 vols., Routledge, 2006, 2200pp),and is also at work on a monograph onEnglish Jesuit education and culture incontinental Europe in the late-eighteenthcentury. Professor Whitehead is a member ofan international network of scholars working onthe history of Jesuit education and culture, co-ordinated by the Universitá degli Studi diTorino. He also contributes to the newly formedinternational Jesuitica Research Forum at theUniversity of Leiden.

Professor Chris Williams has several majorprojects approaching completion, includingPortrait of a British town: Newport Society in1851 (University of Wales Press, scheduled for2007), The Gwent County History IV, TheVictorians and the Alps (London andHambledon), a pocket guide to The Mountainsof Wales (University of Wales Press), and, co-

authored with D Tanner, A Edwards, MCragoe and W Griffith, a monograph ondevolution in Wales between 1939 and1997. Professor Williams is Director of theCentre for the History of Wales and theBorderlands in the School of Humanities. He isalso co-director of the Centre for Border Studieswhich was established in 2003 with £601Kfunding from HEFCW, with a Senior ResearchFellow, two research assistants, and four PhDstudentships. He was part of the team workingon Welsh devolution funded by the ESRC.

Mr Nick Woodward published TheManagement of the British Economy 1945 -2001 (Manchester University Press, 2004), andhas also published several articles on crime ineighteenth and nineteenth-century Wales.

Dr Deborah Youngs'book The Life Cyclein Later MedievalEurope (ManchesterUniversity Press)appeared in January2006. In 2005 shesecured an AHRCResearch LeaveAward for thecompletion of her next

book, a monograph entitled A ProvincialGentleman in Early Tudor England.

Professor Ralph Griffiths was awarded anEmeritus Leverhulme Fellowship for 2003-05.His study of England and the crown`sdominions in the fifteenth century has led toseveral publications (2003, 2004) and inprogress are The Lancastrians and Englandand Wales between the Glyn Dwr revolt andthe Acts of Union, and editions of Edward IV’sHousehold Books, and a Register of theCouncil in the Marches of Wales.


Professor John Spurr

[email protected]


Dr Louise Miskell’sIntelligent Town: AnUrban History ofSwansea 1780-1855was published by theUniversity of WalesPress in 2006, in theseries ‘Studies in WelshHistory’. She haspublished severalarticles on migration

and on urban history, and has now embarkedupon a study of the role of the scientific meetingin the history of nineteenth-century towns.

Dr Adam Mosley will publish Bearing theHeavens: Tycho Brahe and the AstronomicalIssue in the Late-Sixteenth Century withCambridge University Press in 2007. He isjointly guest-editing an issue of Studies inHistory & Philosophy of Science devoted toinstruments and images in the history ofastronomy. Dr Mosley’s plans for further workon the history and historiography of themathematical culture of early-modern Europewill lead to a monograph on cosmography asa practice and a discipline and otherpuiblications. He is serving on the projectcommittee of Conflict and Priority in Early-Modern Astronomy, supported by the BritishAcademy and the CNRS, Paris.

Dr Regina Pörtner’s monograph of 2001,The Counter-Reformation in Central Europe:Styria 1580-1630 (Oxford University Press,2001), has been accompanied by a series ofrelated articles in English and German. She ispart of a network of scholars working on theCounter-Reformation. She is currently workingon a monograph with the working title ofPerfecting the Union: Law Reform andModernization in Scotland, 1747-1848which will be published in German throughthe German Historical Institute. She is acollaborator in a research project on‘Recatholicization of MulticonfessionalCommunities in Early Modern Europe 1550-1700’, directed by Professor Martin Elbel,University of Olomouc, Czech Republic, andDr Judith Pollmann, University of Leiden. Theproject was launched with a workshop in Cluj(Rumania) in September 2005.

Mr Ifor Rowlands published a chapter onAnglo-Norman settlements in R.Walker (ed),Pembrokeshire County History (Haverfordwest,2002) and co-edited (with Bjorn Weiler)England in the Reign of Henry III (Ashgate,2002), based on the proceedings of aconference held at Swansea in April 2000. Anessay entitled “Magna Carta 1215: ItsPublication and Distribution” will appear shortlyin English Historical Review.

Dr Steve Sarson’s British America, 1500-1800: Creating Colonies, Imagining anEmpire (Arnold) appeared in 2005. He haspublished a series of articles on the economicand social history of Prince George’s County,Maryland, and on white society in theAmerican South. He is currently writing TheRedefinition of American Freedom, 1764-1865. Dr Sarson is an organizer of the BritishGroup in Early American History.

Professor John Spurrhas recently publishedThe Post-Reformation:Religion, Politics andSociety in Britain1603-1714 (Pearson,2006) and completedhis edition of volume 1of Roger Morrice’sEntring Book. He haspublished various other

articles and essays, including “A ProfaneHistory of Early Modern Oaths”, Transactionsof the Royal Historical Society, 11 (2001). His future plans include a monograph on thehistory of oaths and swearing. He has recentlybeen awarded a visiting fellowship at theCentre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciencesand Humanities at Cambridge University inconnection with this work. Professor Spurr is onthe board of the Roger Morrice Entring BookProject, an AHRC funded project during 2001-4, with publication due in 2007. He is on theAHRC Research Panel 4.

Professor Noel Thompson (Head of theSchool of Humanities) has recently publishedLeft in the Wilderness: The Political Economy ofBritish Democratic Socialism since 1979(Acumen, 2002), together with a series ofchapters and journal articles, and a number of


political theorist Dr. Mark Evans who hasexplored the continuing relevance of a theoryof Just War and insists upon the normativedimension of global politics.

Given its geographical location, and thefact that it is the only Department of Politicsin Wales, it is not surprising that there is astrong research interest in devolution andWelsh public policy. This is approachedwithin an appropriately global andcomparative context. Dr Jonathan Bradbury’sresearch, and his profession-wide role asconvener of the Political Studies AssociationBritish and Comparative Territorial PoliticsGroup, have been crucial to TheDepartment’s efforts to bring a world ofresearch on regional governance to Walesas well as bringing the unique experienceof Wales to the world. Dr Bradbury willbring this expertise to his new role asdirector designate of the Institute ofGovernance and Public Policy (IGAPP) to beestablished by the University within the nearfuture. In addition, Professor Axtmann’sresearch into state formation and empire-building as well as Robert Bideleux’sresearch into democratization and civilsociety in Eastern Europe and into thepolitics of the Balkan region opens upexciting comparative dimensions and alsothe context of the ever expanding EuropeanUnion, while Dr Alan Finlayson hasdeveloped a distinctive approach to thestudy of both Northern Irish Politics and theideology and public policy of new Labour.Most recently the Department hasstrengthened these regional concerns withthe appointment of Dr Rebecca Brown whocomplements Dr Collins’ special interest inthe politics of S.E. Asia with an expertise inthe politics and culture of India andPakistan.

CULTURAL POLITICS AND POLITICAL THEORY

Another, and unique strength of theDepartment concerns the interaction of socialand political theory with the analysis ofpolitical identities, subjectivities and cultures.Examples of this include Professor Axtmann’scomparative study of the development of

national character and of the civilizing processin England and Austria and Dr Brocklehurst’srecently completed ESRC project on theinteraction of national identity and historyteaching in schools. Dr Finlayson, who hasconducted research on nationalism in Ireland,has also published work on the media andpolitics and is currently developing theoreticaland empirical work on political communicationand rhetoric, a dimension that iscomplemented by Dr Sam Chambers researchinto political theories of language and into thepolitics of television, cultural theory and culturalpolitics. This area has been greatly enhancedby the appointment of Dr Rebecca Brown whois a specialist in the cultural and aestheticdimensions of nationalism and political identityin India. It is hoped that this research area willculminate in the formation of a new Centre forthe Study of Theory, Culture and Politics.

Professor RolandAxtmann has threeinterconnected researchinterests, each of whichis part of his distinctivehistorical andtheoretical analysis ofcomparative politics,government andgovernance in theirdomestic and global

settings. These are, firstly, the formation andtransformation of political macro-structures inEurope as understood from a historical andcomparative Weberian perspective;secondly, globalisation, with particularemphasis on the modern state and itsimplication in the processes of globalisation,in particular the effects of globalisation on‘national’ identity and culture as well as the‘cultural significance’ of globalisation moregenerally; thirdly, modernity and democracyof which he asks questions such as What is‘democracy’? What are the preconditions forits ‘reinvention’ in a world of radicalized‘diversity’, as a result of the politicization ofidentity, in the ‘new’ Europe of continentalintegration and in an emerging ‘worldsociety’? His most recent interest is inInternational Political Theory and recentpublications include Balancing Democracy


POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSThe Department of Politics and InternationalRelations at Swansea University is committed todisciplinary innovation and experimentationwhile maintaining direct connections with theprimary concerns of the field. The Departmentstrives to be a research unit of distinctiveindividuals, pushing the boundaries of theirdiverse fields in an environment of fertile intra-disciplinary debate and well-supported inter-disciplinary engagement. The Department issmall but unified; focused, ready and willing toexpand; eager and excited to increase thepace of intellectual development.

In sharing and discussing work with each other,all staff, regardless of sub-field, profit from thediscovery of unexpected crossovers andsynergies, which has enabled the Departmentto direct resources towards three significantconcentrations of effort.

GLOBAL POLITICS, POWER,GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY

Today all Politics is Global Politics. But tothink politics with a global aspectnecessitates more than a new sub-field ofglobalization studies. The Department wantsto bring International Relations, SecurityStudies, Political Theory, History andSociology into new relationships with each

other that can help us understand the kinds ofinstitutions and values needed to manageglobal political relations. Expanding upon thesecurity concerns of the Callaghan Centre forthe Study of Conflict (currently run byProfessor Michael Sheehan) research andinvestment have been directed into the studyof international political institutions, the valuesthat animate them and the concepts requiredto understand them.

For instance, Head of Department ProfessorRoland Axtmann is a specialist in the theoryof global politics and of the demands(intellectual, ethical and institutional) that itmakes of us. Professor Baylis and Dr MarkSmith have published extensively on theinternational treaties that help prevent theproliferation of nuclear and ballistic missiles.Professor Baylis is also the co-editor of amajor textbook on the globalisation of politicswhile Dr. Alan Collins has recently edited acompanion volume on Security Studies.Professor Michael Sheehan has authored astudy of theories and methods and securitystudies and is a specialist on themanagement of the militarization of space.

Dr Helen Brocklehurst has sought to bring thehorrifying role of children and child soldiersin political conflict to the forefront ofInternational Relations and Security Studies –an ethical concern central to the work of


Another key area of research has concernedthe politics of the additional member electoralsystems in the Scottish Parliament and WelshAssembly. Dr Bradbury’s work on partyadaptation has led to an article on Britishpolitical parties and multi-level politics (with JHopkin), to be published in the Americanjournal of federalism, Publius (2006) and he iscurrently completing a monograph onDevolution in Wales and has been enlisted bythe programme Director, Charlie Jeffery, to co-edit the ESRC Devolution and ConstitutionalChange programme book on Wales,scheduled for 2006.

Dr Helen Brocklehurst’s research focusesattention upon the role of children in war. Shehas published work on the ethical aspects ofthis phenomenon, as seen in her bookchapter Just war? Just Children? in Just WarTheory: A Reappraisal, 2005, a themepursued at an international workshop in 2006on Missing/(In) action: Children, Conflict andEthics. This will lead to a special edition of ajournal with Edinburgh University Press. DrBrocklehurst has also conducted research intoeducation and national identity, for which shereceived ESRC funding, and she was co-editor and co-author of History, Nationhoodand the Question of Britain, a 550 pagevolume with over 30 contributions.

Dr Rebecca Brown's three strands of researchtogether form a unique approach to the studyof the politics, power and identity of SouthAsian region and its diasporas. Her workinvestigates, first, the workings of colonialpower within visual culture and the builtenvironment, second, nation-building in theaftermath of partition and independence in1947, and third, the on-going negotiation withthese histories as found in the US and UKdiasporas. Brown has published articles on thefirst strand in The Journal of Asian Studies(2006), Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics(2003), and The Journal of Urban History(2003). She has presented her diasporaresearch at several international venues. Anarticle on modernity and post-independentIndia in South Asian Studies (2006) will befollowed by a monograph on this researchfrom Duke University Press in 2007.

Dr Sam Chambers has three intertwinedstrands of research that run across theDepartment's strengths in political theory andcultural politics. The first strand centres on thetheoretical analysis of language, history, andsubjectivity, and takes concrete shape in theform of a rethinking of rights and areassessment of the role of political theory incontemporary politics. The second includes abroad investigation of the possibility of culturalpolitics, along with a number of specificinterventions into cultural politics throughexplorations of the politics of US television.Finally, the third strand studies the politics ofgender and sexuality, focusing particularly onthe writings of Judith Butler, in an effort both tofill a void in the secondary literature on Butlerand to demonstrate her contributions to politicaltheory. Recent publications in these areasinclude: Untimely Politics (2003),'Telepistemology of the Closet' (2003), 'GivingUp (on) Rights?' (2004), 'The Politics ofLiterarity' (2005), and 'Cultural Politics' (2006).Forthcoming publications under contractinclude: The Political Theory of Judith Butler,Judith Butler's Precarious Politics, and TheQueer Politics of Television.

Dr Alan Collinspursues two mainareas of interest: i) thebroadening anddeepening of securitystudies with a particularinterest in securitizationand means ofmitigating the securitydilemma. ii) SoutheastAsian security issues.

These research interests combine to provideboth a theoretical and empirical substance tohis publications, as manifest in the articles thathave appeared in The Pacific Review, AsianSurvey and Cooperation and Conflict. He iscurrently conducting research on ASEAN as asecurity community and secured BritishAcademy funding to conduct fieldwork inSoutheast Asia during the summer of 2006. Abook project on this topic is underway. He isalso the editor of Contemporary SecurityStudies, an Oxford University Press publication.


(2001), Understanding Democratic Politics(2004) and Authority, State and NationalCharacter: The Civilizing Process in Englandand Austria, 1700 – 1900 (2006);Democracy: Problems and Perspectives(2007) and articles on the state andglobalisation in International Political ScienceReview (2004), on Hannah Arendt in Reviewof International Studies and on the ‘Myth of1648’ in International Politics.

Professor JohnBaylis’ researchinterests are in twomain areas: nuclearhistory and Anglo-American relations.An establishedscholar in the field ofnuclear history hisrecent publicationsinclude ‘Exchanging

Nuclear Secrets' in the Diplomatic History,2001, ‘Britain and the Chevaline Project:The Hidden Nuclear Programme, 1967-1982', (with K Stoddart) in The Journal ofStrategic Studies, 2003; and ‘BritishNuclear Doctrine, the “Moscow Criteria”and the Polaris Improvement Programme', inContemporary British History, 2005. Hisbroader research interest in Anglo-Americanrelations can be seen in recent publicationssuch as `Britain, the United States andEurope: To choose or not to choose', in JBaylis and J Roper, The United States andEurope: Beyond the Neo-ConservativeDivide? (Routledge: 2006) and an articleon ‘The Anglo-American SpecialRelationship: The Lazarus of InternationalRelations’ with Steve Marsh in Diplomacyand Statecraft, 2006. He also works in thefield of Strategic Studies and has recentlywritten a chapter on the future of armscontrol and counter-proliferation to bepublished in an edited book Strategy in theContemporary World (2nd edition: Baylis,Wirtz, Cohen and Gray, OUP, 2006). Hehas recently completed the third edition ofThe Globalisation of International Politics(edited with Professor Steve Smith (OUP,2004). This textbook has sold over160,000 copies in 35 countries and is the

best selling book published by OxfordUniversity Press.

Mr Robert Bideleux’s research has twointerrelated foci: the governance implicationsof the EU and its supranational legal order;and the long-term historical and politicaltrajectories of East-Central, South-Eastern andEastern Europe. The main fruits of the latter aretwo volumes to be published by Routledge inOctober 2006 and January 2007,respectively. This two-volume set comprises:The Balkans: A Post-Communist History (withIan Jeffries), which is a comprehensive analysisof political and economic change in the post-Communist Balkans; and a substantiallyrevised and up-dated second edition of AHistory of Eastern Europe (1st edition, 1998).Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries are alsocompleting a companion volume on EastCentral Europe, entitled East Central Europe:A Contemporary History, which will probablybe published by Yale University Press in 2007.

In addition, Robert Bideleux is completing abook for Routledge on the European Union asa supranational legal order, entitled AfterDemocracy: Europe’s Emerging Civil Order(probably 2007), and a trade book for YaleUniversity Press on the relationship betweenvarious conceptions of Europe and ‘the Orient’,entitled Oriental Europe (probably 2008).

Dr Jonathan Bradbury’s research primarilyfocuses on devolution and territorial politics inthe UK. He has developed a rigorous andsystematic political science approach to thistopic as can been seen in recent scholarlyarticles such as ‘The political dynamics of sub-state regionalisation: a neo-functionalistperspective and the case of devolution in theUK’ (British Journal of Politics and InternationalRelations) and Territory and Power revisited:theorising UK territorial politics after devolution.He has published five jointly authored annualreview articles on devolution (with J Mitchell orN McGarvey) in Parliamentary Affairs (2001-2005) and compiled the recent monographUnion and Devolution, Territorial Politics in theUnited Kingdom, as well as the edited work(with J Mawson), Devolution and Regionalism:the UK Experience, with Taylor Francis.


a book on The International Politics of Space isin progress and due for publication byRoutledge in 2007. A co-edited book,Securing Outer Space (with Natalie Bormann)based on papers presented at the 2006 ISAconference is due for publication in late 2007,(Routledge). A chapter on The Evolution ofModern Warfare is published in Baylis,Cohen, and Wirtz, Strategy in theContemporary World, (2nd edn 2006) and achapter on ‘The Changing Nature of War’ inBaylis and Smith, The Globalisation of WorldPolitics, (4th edn, 2007). Professor Sheehan isSeries Editor (with Helen Brocklehurst) of thePalgrave book series, on Democracy and War.He presented papers on Decolonising SecurityTheory at the 2005 ECPR Conference inBudapest; on Anarchism and EnvironmentalTheory and on European Space Cooperationand International Integration at the 2005 BISAConference; on European Space Policy at the2006 ISA Conference and on US MilitarySpace Doctrine at the 2006 PSA Conference.

Dr Mark Smith has been working in the fieldof missile proliferation and missile defencesince 2000 and has published several articles,chapters and research papers in this field,including Britain and Missile Defence, inContemporary Security Policy, (with ProfessorBaylis), Arms Control to Counterproliferation:Strategies Against WMD Proliferation (withDinshaw & Mistry), A Regime to ContainMissile Proliferation, Assessing MissileProliferation, and On Thin Ice: First Steps forthe Ballistic Missile Code of Conduct. He hasalso prepared two specially-commissionedreports on missile proliferation for the JapaneseMinistry of Foreign Affairs, and was principalauthor of a report on European views onballistic missile defence for the British Ministryof Defence. His other area of research interestis British Nuclear History 1939-62 and he hasrecently published a second edition of a co-authored book, Britain, Australia and theBomb: The Nuclear Tests 1952-62. Theoriginal version was published in 1984.


Professor Roland Axtmann

[email protected]

SCHOOL RESEARCH CENTRESCALLAGHAN CENTRE FOR THE STUDYOF CONFLICT

The Callaghan Centre is an interdisciplinaryresearch centre whose objective is topromote detailed research and informeddebate on war and conflict, both historicaland contemporary. It does this through itsprogramme of research and conferences andthrough the education and training activitiesrepresented by the Masters and Doctoralprogrammes in war and conflict studies.

The Centre reflects an impressive depth ofexpertise in this area. The CallaghanCentre is premised on the belief that thesuccessful analysis of war and conflictrequires an interdisciplinary approach thatdraws on a variety of perspectives. TheCentre defines conflict in the broadest sense,to embrace not only policies relating to theapplication and control of military force, butalso conflict resolution and the analysis ofnon-military issues with the potential to leadto large-scale violence.

The Centre is the only one of its kind inWales. Its objectives include theachievement of funded Research Centrestatus from AHRC/ESRC and recognition ofits national status from the Welsh Executive.It will pursue substantial Foundation grants torecruit contracted research staff, and willdevelop the Masters and Doctoralprogrammes established in 2005. It willorganise a continuous programme of nationaland international conferences around its coreresearch themes and contribute to thedevelopment of a vigorous Universityresearch community in this field.

THE CENTRE FOR EGYPTOLOGY AND MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY(CEMA)

The University is a major centre for researchin Egyptology, and has established anarchaeological project in Egypt itself, withthe support of the Egypt Exploration Society.In August 2005, an agreement wasreached with the German mission workingon the huge site of Qantir/ Piramesse in theEastern Nile Delta, the ancient capital of


Dr Mark Evans pursues research aroundthree main themes: Just War theory; Liberalismand personal ethics of character; and adefence of analytic normative moral andpolitical philosophy. He recently edited (andwrote three chapters of) Just War Theory: AReappraisal (2005) and is currently workingon a book about War, Morality andHumanity. He has also published articles suchas Politicians as Paragons of Virtue: Liberalismand Ethical Exemplification in Public Life andAuthenticity in the Jargon of Multiculturalism aswell as book chapters such as ‘Terrorism’ inthe Moral Discourse of Humanity and HumanRights, Moral Articulacy and DemocraticDynamism: In Defence of NormativePhilosophy. A chapter on Thin Universalismand the ‘Limits’ of Justification will be publishedin a volume entitled Principles in a PluralWorld. He has recently taken over asassociate editor of a major journal in the field,Politics and Ethics Review.

Dr Alan Finlayson’sresearch involvespolitical theory, Britishpolitics, and culturalstudies. The editor oftwo books on politicaltheory (Politics andPoststructuralism, 2002)and ContemporaryPolitical Theory: A

reader and Guide, 2004) he has alsoexamined the philosophy and ideology ofBlairism (Making Sense of New Labour, 2003).He is currently researching theories andpractices of political rhetoric and has publishedon this in journals such as Economy and Societyand Critical Review of International Social andPolitical Philosophy. He is convenor of the PSAspecialist group for Post-structuralist philosophyand radical politics.

Professor MichaelSheehan’s researchfocuses on internationalspace policy and therelationship betweendemocracy and war.Previous researchcovered critical securityissues, reflected in amonograph,International Security:

An Analytical Survey (2005) and articlesanalysing regional security dynamics in theBalkans and North East Asia; DemocraticPeace and the European Security Community:The Paradox of Greece and Turkey, andCreating an Arms Control Mechanism in North-East Asia: The Application of the EuropeanSecurity Cooperation Regime. Ongoingresearch is more focussed on issues relating tospace policy. An article on US military spacedoctrine is under review with Astropolitics and


an 'international, interdisciplinary organizationof scholars and informed citizens concerned topromote the study of past and present politicalthinking'. It was founded in North America andis currently centred at Columbia University, withchapters throughout Europe, the UK, Australia,Asia, and the Middle East. The 'WesternBritain' chapter of the CSPT will produce avibrant centre for the study of political thought,drawing on the University’s strength within thefield of political theory, and providing links toscholars of political thought and publicintellectuals throughout the world. The CSPT willsupport invited speakers, conferences, andprovide a location for the intersection of thediverse research interests of the department'spolitical theorists. Dr Samuel Chambersfacilitated the shift of the CSPT to Swansea andserves as the area convenor.

KYKNOS (THE SWANSEA, LAMPETERAND EXETER CENTRE FOR RESEARCHON ANCIENT NARRATIVE LITERATURE)

Swansea University has a distinguished historyof scholarship in the area of the narrativeliterature of ancient Greece and Rome, andparticularly in the study of the ancient novel: ofthe eight contributors to B P Reardon’s nowstandard Collected Ancient Greek Novels(California 1989), four were members of theUniversity. The subject expertise is nowconcentrated in Swansea and Lampeter.Swansea in particular has been successful inattracting research students, from ContinentalEurope and Japan as well as from the UK,establishing a vibrant postgraduate researchculture. Swansea is at the centre of anexpanding network of collaborative work:KYKNOS has made links with other universitiesin the UK and Europe and draws academicsand PhD students from other universities toSwansea in order to work within the group.Professor John Morgan and the recentappointments of Dr Karen Ní Mheallaigh(Swansea) and Dr Ian Repath (Lampeter)ensure the continuing strength of the centre.Within the Department, Professor Ceri Davies,Dr Fritz-Gregor Herrmann and Dr Pretzler inthe classical areas and Professors Lloyd andSchneider in Egyptology have interests thatcontribute in different ways to KYKNOS.

CENTRE FORWITTGENSTEINIANSTUDIES

The Centre aims tofurther the study ofperhaps the greatestphilosopher of the20th Century. Theimplications ofWittgenstein’s workare still beingexplored world-wide.Membership of theCentre includes DrMario von der Ruhr(Director), Dr IeuanWilliams, Mr H OMounce (ResearchFellow) and ProfessorDavid Cockburn(Lampeter). The

Centre also corresponds with a wide rangeof members in academic institutions aroundthe UK and internationally. Members of theCentre continue to pursue their ownresearch in the area of WittgensteinianStudies. Research is based on the RushRhees Archive, named after one ofWittgenstein’s literary executives and aleading exponent of his thought. TheCentre is also the new home for theBlackwell Journal PhilosophicalInvestigations, which is now received byover 850 universities. The journal is theworld centre for papers on Wittgenstein.

SCHOOL ARCHIVESRICHARD BURTON COLLECTION

The Richard Burton Archive deposited in theUniversity in May 2005 contains a widevariety of material. At its heart are the diarieskept by Richard Burton, the majority datingfrom the period 1960-1983 together with anearlier diary he kept for the year 1940. Theselargely cover the years of his marriage toElizabeth Taylor and were used by MelvynBragg when writing his biography of RichardBurton, Rich. In addition to the diaries there isalso a series of correspondence files kept fromthe period around 1957 when Richard Burton


Egypt during the Ramesside Era (1300-1100 BC) and one of the most prestigiousplaces to excavate in Egypt, on startingcaesium magnetometric prospection andsubsequent excavation from 2006 onwards.The Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypthas now formally granted the Universitypermission to take up work on the site as anindependent mission twinned with theGerman team (based at the Roemer-Pelizaeus-Museum in Hildesheim) and theAustrian mission in the adjacent Tell el-Daba(University of Vienna; Austrian Academy ofSciences). CEMA will provide acomprehensive research frame hostingEgyptological projects and conferences.Key initiatives in this respect include theestablishment of a competitive researchlibrary in the field of Egyptology thatincludes the scholarly library of J GwynGriffiths (4000 volumes, among which1600 in the field of Egyptology, 2400 inthe area of Classics).

CEMA is also well placed to promote workexploring the interfaces between Egypt andthe classical civilisations. The conferenceon The Walls of the Ruler (2006), forexample, focused on the defence of Egyptfrom the Old Kingdom to the Romanperiod. The classical archaeologicalresearch of Dr David Gill and Dr NigelPollard includes projects based in Libyaand Egypt. More widely, Dr Eddie Owens(in Asia Minor), Dr Pollard (in Syria andItaly) and Dr Maria Pretzler (in Italy) are allactive in Roman archaeology, while DrOwens’ monograph on the water suppliesof the cities of Pisidia complements DrRihll’s interests in ancient technology.

CENTRE FOR THE HISTORY OFWALES AND ITSBORDERLANDS

The Centre for theHistory of Wales andits Borderlands providesa focus for the activitiesof the historians ofWales at Swansea.

The Centre takes a comparative approach in

which the history of Wales is viewed againstother Celtic regions, other coalfield societies (inEurope, America, and Asia), and the UK as awhole. In particular, the Centre has stronginterests in nineteenth- and twentieth-centuryurban history, in issues surrounding migration,demography, and national identity, and in thehistory of cultural activities and recreations. Themedieval history of Wales is another area ofparticular specialism.

The Centre is led by Professor Chris Williams.It provides a focus for the continuing work of DrLouise Miskell on urban history in Wales andbeyond, for Dr Martin Johnes’ work on Welshidentities, including English-Welsh relations andperceptions, and for Professor Williams’s ownwork on Gwent, Welsh devolution, and Welshpolitical history. The Centre works closely withother research institutions, including theNational Waterfront Museum in Swansea, andthe National Library and the Centre forAdvanced Welsh and Celtic Studies atAberystwyth.

New publications

Professor Williams’s latest publication is thevolume Postcolonial Wales, edited with JaneAaron (University of Wales Press, 2005). Hecurrently has two edited volumes in press:Wales and War: Politics, Society and Religionin the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,edited with Matthew Cragoe (University ofWales Press), and Debating Nationhood andGovernance in Britain, 1885-1939:Perspectives from the ‘Four Nations’, editedwith Duncan Tanner, Wil Griffith and AndrewEdwards (Manchester University Press).

Dr Johnes’s latest book is A History of Sportin Wales (University of Wales Press, 2005).Dr Miskell’s new book, Intelligent Town: AnUrban History of Swansea 1780-1855 waspublished by the University of Wales Pressin 2006.

CONFERENCE FOR THE STUDY OFPOLITICAL THOUGHT (CSPT)

The Department of Politics and InternationalRelations is home to the InternationalConference for the Study of Political Thought(CSPT), Western Britain chapter. The CSPT is


newspaper cuttings. The subjects coveredreflect the interests of the individual communitiesof the South Wales Coalfield and includesocial studies, sociology, economics, politics,history, and education, as well as the historyand practice of coal mining. There is also anumber of reference works such as local tradedirectories, colliery yearbooks, mining statisticsand lists of mines. The topics covered by thenewspaper cuttings include the coal miningindustry and trade unions, particularly the1972,1974 and 1984-85 miners’ strikes. Thecollection also includes a unique series ofpamphlets dating from and about the SpanishCivil War, and an outstanding selection ofIndependent Labour Party pamphlets.

PETER WINCH ARCHIVE

The Centre for Wittgensteinian Studies is thenew home for twelve boxes of occasionalmaterial by the distinguished philosopher PeterWinch. The trustees for this archive are LarsHertzberg (Finland); Raimond Gaita (Londonand Australia); Mario von der Ruhr (Swansea);Timothy Tessin (Texas). Publications from thearchive have already appeared in the journalsFaith and Philosophy and PhilosophicalInvestigations, and the publishers Routledgeand Kegan Paul are prepared to commissionthe re-publication of all Winch’s papers in threevolumes, entitled: Wittgenstein; Philosophy andthe Social Sciences; Ethics and Religion.

SCHOOL CONFERENCESThe History of Crime in Wales- March 2005Organised by Professor John Spurr, Head ofHistory.Rethinking Social Democracy: the politicaleconomy, past present and future – April 2005Co-organised by Professor Noel Thompson, Headof School.The Science, Culture and Practice of Sovietmedicine – May 2005Co-organised by Dr Dan Healey (History) withexternal funding from the Wellcome Trust and theBritish Academy for Russian contributors.The Medieval Mercenary – July 2005Organised by Ifor Rowlands and Professor JohnFrance (History), with financial support from theBritish Academy and the Royal Historical Society.Fifteenth Century Cenference – September 2005Organised by Dr Deborah Youngs (History), withfinancial support from the Royal Historical Society.Sex and Gender in Ancient Egypt - December2005Launched by the curator of the University’s EgyptCentre, Carolyn Graves-Brown, chaired byProfessor Thomas Schneider (Classics, AncientHistory and Egyptology)Place and American Indian History, Literatureand Culture - March 2006Organised by Dr Joy Porter (American Studies) andsupported by the British Academy A Politics of Contingency: Critical Assessments ofthe Political Theory of Judith Butler – May 2006Organised by Dr Sam Chambers (Politics andInternational Relations).Walls of the Ruler: Fortifications, Police Beats,and Military Checkpoints in Ancient Egypt – May2006Organised by Dr Ellen Morris and Dr GregMumford (Classics, Ancient History andEgyptology) International Conference on Welsh Studies – July2006Co-organised by Professor Chris Williams (History)with the North American Association for the Studyof Welsh Culture and History and with support fromthe University’s Centre for the History of Wales andits Borderlands.History and the Public – April 2007Co-organised by Professor David Bates (Institute ofHistorical Research) and Professor John Spurr andDr Martin Johnes (History).The Political Thought of William Connolly – May2007Organised by Dr Sam Chambers (Politics andInternational Relations).The annual conference of the Political StudiesAssociation – April 2008Hosted by the Politics and International RelationsDepartment.


moved to Switzerland and about 20 filmposters dating from 1953-1978 for films suchas The Desert Rats, Who’s Afraid of VirginiaWoolf? and The Spy Who came in from theCold. Other audiovisual material includesaudio and videotapes of his performances anda large number of photographs, both formalfilm shots and informal family photos. Thecollection contains a large number of booksthat formed part of Richard Burton’s library andsome gramophone records. The collection alsoincludes a number of artefacts, such as theEvening Standard Drama Award for 1955 andRichard Burton’s book bag, a large holdallused to carry dictionaries and all the books hewas reading when away from home. Thisarchive represents a resource which has thecapacity to draw to it distinguished visitingscholars and to act as a focus for researchactivity of international significance.

THE RUSH RHEES ARCHIVE

The Archive waspurchased by theUniversity in 1989after Rush Rhees’death. This archive isan important repositoryof documents ofinternationalsignificance forphilosophers and itconsists of 160,000

pages of manuscripts of different kinds. RushRhees was an important pupil of Wittgenstein,the most famous philosopher of the twentiethcentury, and his papers are of sufficientimportance to have attracted scholars ofinternational repute to Swansea.

SOUTH WALES COALFIELD COLLECTION

The South Wales Coalfield Collection (SWCC)is a unique and internationally importantresearch collection. It provides an unmatchedrange of material on the social, economic andcultural experience of one of the first, and mostrapid, periods of major industrial developmentand has already been used for a wide varietyof research. The Collection’s emphasis on therecords of individuals and their organisations isparticularly valuable, as is its unusually widerange of media.

The manuscript archival material is dominatedby the records of the National Union ofMineworkers (South Wales Area) and itsbranches or lodges. However there are alsorecords of other organisations, in particular theminers’ institutes, co-operative societies andlocal political parties and documents fromindividuals including – miners, trade unionleaders and members of parliament such asArthur Horner and S O Davies.

In addition the collection contains interviewswith individuals from all sections of thecommunity. Some of the interviews arerecorded on videotape, which provides aunique resource for the study of the socialhistory of the Welsh coalfield. It also providesa rich resource for linguistic researchers.

The photographic collection contains over4,500 photographs and records events,people and landscapes from the late nineteenthcentury to the present day. They illustrate mostaspects of life in the coalfield over the period:trade union leaders and delegations, marchesand disputes alongside recreational activitiessuch as choirs, sports teams and galas.

The collection of trade union banners has beendescribed as "the largest collection of collierylodge banners in Wales" by the Council ofMuseums in Wales. Of the 38 trade unionbanners held in the collection, the majority areNational Union of Mineworkers (South WalesArea) Lodge banners, which date from the1950s onwards. The collection also includes anumber of banners from the 1984-85 miners'strike, many of them made by the communitiesthemselves. The banners have been describedby Dr Nicholas Mansfield, Director of theNational Museum of Labour History as, “astarting point for anyone interested in Welshbanners in particular and the cultural history ofSouth Wales in general. The comparatively latebanner carrying tradition amongst South Walesminers means that the collection is particularlystrong on post-1945 material, so that moremodern designs under-represented in othercollections predominate”.

The printed material fully supports the content ofthe primary material held. The collectionincludes books, periodicals, pamphlets and


School of LawHead of School - Professor Iwan Davieswww.swansea.ac.uk/law

The research conducted in the School of Law attains to levels of international excellence and is

at the cutting edge of Law’s development. Since its inception in 1994, the School has rapidly

established a cohesive and supportive research environment which facilitates the production of

research output of the highest quality. The School continues to display energy and enthusiasm

and is keen to develop further its reputation for excellence in many areas of Law, including

International Commercial and Maritime Law, Legal Theory, EU Law, Law and Literature and

Public Law.

In recent years, the School has attracted and retained senior and junior members of staff and

the overall impression of the School research environment is that of vibrancy which is

responsive to research initiatives in diverse areas of enquiry, including inter-disciplinary work.

The School’s research strategy is necessarily threefold: supporting existing staff in their personal

research objectives; making a number of additional key appointments; and enhancing the

School’s research culture and esteem factors. To this end, the School has committed itself to an

ambitious strategy but does so in the belief that its achievements over recent years, and its

initial steps in following such a strategy, make it credible and feasible.

There is a strong research culture in the School. Indeed, through its research activity the School

has made a full contribution to the regional economy and has been pivotal in the development

of Legal Wales. Equally important is that the School’s research activity has made a beneficial

impact on the wider community in the UK and internationally through, for example, the focus

on International Trade Law and also the work conducted on global justice, jurisprudence and

human rights.

The picture which emerges from the research profile is that of a confident School with a clear

sense of direction, matched by an ambition to establish the School’s reputation as one of the

UK’s leading research-led law schools

Professor Iwan Davies

Head, School of Law

School of

Law

167

European and International Law

Dr Arwel Davies“Mandatory and Discretionary Legislation inWTO Law: A Distinction Worth Preserving?”31 (2004) Legal Issues of EconomicIntegration 185

“Reviewing Dispute Settlement at the WorldTrade Organization: A Time to Reconsiderthe Role/s of Compensation?” 5 (2006)World Trade Review 31

Dr Gotthard Gauci“The European Commission’s three-frontattack against the special regime forshipowners’ pollution liability. Is theinternational regime in danger?” (2005)330 MarIus (Scandinavian Institute ofMaritime Law, University of Oslo) 211

Dr Helen Quane“The Rights of Indigenous Peoples and theDevelopment Process” (2005) 27 HumanRights Quarterly 652

“The Strasbourg Jurisprudence and theMeaning of a ‘Public Authority’ under theHuman Rights Act” (2006) Public Law 106

Professor Jukka Snell“And Then There Were Two: Products andCitizens in Community Law” in T Tridimas andP Nebbia (eds), European Union Law for theTwenty-First Centre: Volume II (Oxford: HartPublishing, 2004)

“Economic Aims as Justification forRestrictions on Free Movement” in ASchrauwen (ed), Rule of Reason: Rethinkinganother Classic of EC Legal Doctrine(Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2005) 35

Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Professor Andrew HalpinDefinition in the Criminal Law (Oxford: HartPublishing, 2004)

Professor Tim Jones“Towards a Good and Complete CriminalCode for Scotland” (2005) 68 Modern LawReview 448

Dr Stuart MacDonald“A Suicidal Woman, Roaming Pigs and a

Noisy Trampolinist: Refining the ASBO’sDefinition of ‘Anti-Social Behaviour’” (2006)69 Modern Law Review 183

Gwyn Parry“The Languages of Evidence” [2004]Criminal Law Review 1015

Socio-legal Studies and LegalTheory

Ruth Costigan (with Phil Thomas)“The Human Rights Act: A View from Below”(2005) 32 Journal of Law and Society 51;also published in The Human Rights Act: ASuccess Story? (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,2005)

Dr Bebhinn Donnelly“The Epistemic Importance of the FactualBase in New and Traditional Natural LawTheory” (2006) 25 Law and Philosophy 1

Professor Andrew Halpin“Glenn’s Legal Traditions of the World: SomeBroader Philosophical Issues” (2006) 1Journal of Comparative Law 116

“Or, Even, What the Law Can Teach thePhilosophy of Language: A Response toGreen’s Dworkin’s Fallacy” (2005) 91Virginia Law Review 175

Professor Melanie Williams Secrets and Laws (London: UCL Press, 2005)

“Death Rites: Assisted Suicide and ExistentialRights” (2005) 1 International Journal of Law inContext 183

Public Law and Welsh JurisdictionalIssues

Professor Iwan Davies and Professor Lynn MainwaringThe Supply of Private-Practice Legal Skills inWales (London: The Law Society, 2005)

Dr Victoria Jenkins“Environmental Law in Wales" (2005) 17Journal of Environmental Law 207

Professor Tim Jones and Jane Williams“The Legislative Future of Wales" (2005) 68Modern Law Review 642 “Wales as a Jurisdiction” [2004] Public Law78


OVERVIEW

Research activity in the School of Law isconducted to produce work recognisedwithin the academic community for itsexcellence, including work that is at thecutting edge of law’s development as adiscipline and its dynamic relationship withother intellectual disciplines. Equally importantfor the School is that research activityoperates to have a beneficial impact on thewider community, in Wales, the UK, andinternationally.

The School’s research activities may bedivided between those that produceoutcomes, whether through individualscholarship or engagement in major researchprojects, and those that disseminate theproducts of research, such as theorganisation of conferences and seminars,and the editing of journals. The School alsodevotes considerable energy and resourcesto promoting the environment required forsuch activities to flourish. The internal aspectof that environment is exhibited in a strongresearch culture. However, the full extent ofthe School’s research ambitions cannot befulfilled without attending to the externalaspect of that environment. The School is,accordingly, actively engaged in forging andmaintaining its relationships with the legalprofession, commerce, governmental andnon-governmental agencies.

The contribution that the School makes to theregional economy and also to thedevelopment of “Legal Wales” is animportant aspect of the School’s researchactivity. Wales is an emerging jurisdictionand is also developing its own economicpolicy. The School has enjoyed considerablesuccess in assisting the development withinWales of a knowledge-based economythrough its award winning business supportinitiative, IP Wales: www.ipwales.com. Atthe same time, the School has beenconcerned to play a full part in the Techniumregional strategy: www.technium.co.uk. Theskills developed here, especially whenconsidered with the fact that Wales isemerging as a distinct jurisdiction, are

transferable. This can be demonstrated bythe use of the Technium model in discussionsat diplomatic level during the Conference onInnovation Management in Thailand, Vietnamand the Philippines in September 2005. TheSchool has also produced important researchon the capacity of the legal profession withinWales which has fed into the policy makingof the Welsh Assembly Government.

Members of the School have acted in anumber of participatory or consultativecapacities with a great variety of othergovernmental and non-governmental bodies,including: the Bangkok Statement onInnovation Management and Law; the BritishMaritime Law Association; the GriffithsCommission on over-indebtedness in the UK;House of Commons Select Committee onConstitutional Affairs; Wales Public Law andHuman Rights Association; Save theChildren; Welsh Development Agency; theHome Office; the National Assembly forWales; the Civil Service College; the LawSociety; Swansea Family Court InterDisciplinary Forum; Family Justice Council;DETR Advisory Committee on theInternational Convention on Arrest of Ships.

The School enjoys close links withinternational, regional and local law firms.The School is an accredited external CPDprovider and offers a range of CPD coursesfor the legal profession, in addition to in-house legal training for FTSE 100 firms aspart of an active programme of ContinuingProfessional Development.

The School of Law celebrated its tenthanniversary in 2004. It is still displaying theenergy and enthusiasm of youth in its drive topromote an international research reputation.In recent years its progress has acceleratedrapidly through attracting and retaining seniorand junior members, and developing andfostering their talents in an environment thatremains vibrant and responsive to researchinitiatives in both traditional and pioneeringareas of inquiry. Illustrations of recent workfrom the different research groupings withinthe School are provided in the following list.

168 School of Law


Commercial Law and Law ofObligations

Professor Iwan Davies“The Reform of English Personal PropertySecurity Law: Functionalism and Article Nineof the Uniform Commercial Code” (2004)24 Legal Studies 295

Professor Elizabeth MacDonald“Unifying Unfair Terms Legislation” (2004)67 Modern Law Review 69

“Bugs and Breaches” (2005) 13 InternationalJournal of Law and Information Technology118

Dr Theodora Nikaki“The UNCITRAL Draft Instrument on theCarriage of Goods [wholly or partly] [bysea]: Multimodal at Last or Still All at Sea?”[2005] Journal of Business Law 647

Dr Baris SoyerWarranties in Marine Insurance (2nd ed)(London: Cavendish Publishing, 2005)

Dr Baris Soyer and Professor Richard Williams“Potential Legal Ramifications of theInternational Ship and Port Facility Security(ISPS) Code on Maritime Law” [2005] Lloyd’sMaritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 484

Paul Todd“Bills of Lading as Documents of Title”[2005] Journal of Business Law 762

E-Commerce Law (London: CavendishPublishing, 2005)

Family and Child Law

Alison Perry“Safety first? Contact and family violence inNew Zealand: an evaluation of thepresumption against unsupervised contact”(2006) 18 Child and Family Law Quarterly 1

Jane Williams“Effective Government Structures forChildren? The UK’s four children’scommissioners” (2005) 17 Child and FamilyLaw Quarterly 37

Two established law journals are edited withinthe School of Law.

Wales Journal of Law and Policy

The Journal is a peer-reviewed publication,designed for legal practitioners, policyadvisers, academics, public bodies and anyperson who is interested in the development ofWelsh law and public policy. The Journal isproduced in a partnership between theNational Centre for Public Policy (in theUniversity’s School of the Environment andSociety) and the School of Law. The Journalprovides a forum for dissemination ofinformation, reflection and comment upon newWelsh law and policy, seeking always to setdevelopments in a UK wide and internationalcomparative context. The Journal holds anoccasional seminar series enabling currentissues in law and public policy to beconsidered in an interdisciplinary forum, andpapers from these seminars are available.

Journal of International Maritime Law

The Journal of International Maritime Law (JIML)is a refereed journal which provides an outletfor academic research and also expertpractical analysis of contemporarydevelopments in both private and publicmaritime law. The interests of JIML range overall aspects of shipping, including admiralty,charterparties, carriage of goods by sea,finance, international trade, marine andcommercial insurance, combined transport,private international law, marine environmentallaw, public law of the sea, arbitration andADR. JIML follows and analyses developmentsin IMO, CMI, EU, UNCITRAL and UNCTAD. It also tracks contemporary development through'Digest' and 'Analysis and Comment' sections.JIML is published by Lawtext Publishing.

In the Summer of 2005, the School organisedthe International Colloquium on MarineInsurance Law, led by the School’s Institute ofInternational Shipping and Trade Law andfocussing on contemporary developments in thelaw and practice of marine insurance. The

170 School of Law

event brought marine insurance expertstogether from academia, legal practice and thejudiciary. In addition to Professor RhidianThomas (Director of the Institute of InternationalShipping and Trade Law) and Dr Baris Soyer(Institute of International Shipping and TradeLaw), the following delegates delivered papers:Professor Malcolm Clarke (University ofCambridge); Professor Howard Bennett(University of Nottingham); Professor MarcHuybrechts (University of Leuven), PeterMacDonald Eggers (Barrister, 7 King's BenchWalk, London); David Foxton (Barrister, EssexCourt Chambers, London); Peter Rogan(Solicitor, Senior Partner of Ince andCo.,London), Chris Zavos (Solicitor, Partner ofRichards Butler, London) and Hakoon StrandLund (Advocate, Senior Partner of WikborgRein and Co, Oslo). Lord Justice Longmore(Court of Appeal, England and Wales) chairedtwo of the sessions. The papers are publishedas a book by Lloyd's of London Press (2006).

INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONALSHIPPING AND TRADE LAW

The institute promotes research and teaching of the highest standard in internationalshipping and trade law; and fosters co-operation with other academic institutionsand professional, commercial, shipping,insurance and business informationorganisations. Beyond supporting theexpansive taught LLM programmes inInternational Shipping and Trade Lawoffered by the School of Law, andsupervising research students, the Instituteorganises seminars and conferences, offersconsultancy services and trainingprogrammes for lawyers and commercial,insurance and financial institutions, and theshipping industry. It liaises with national andinternational policy making organisationsand collaborates with commercialinformation organisations in providingcourses and distance learning programmes.

family support, child health and medicine andprofessional issues. The School of Law has beena major participant in establishing this Centre.Related research in which the School of Law isinvolved include a pilot study of new systems fordealing with cases involving domestic violencein a local magistrates’ court, a study ofchildren's citizenship and an examination ofyoung persons previously in care in Wales.Links between the School of Law and non-governmental organisations in Wales and withthe Welsh Assembly Government will furtherstrengthen the School of Law’s contribution to the Centre.

PROFILESLEGAL WALES

Following the scheme of devolution establishedin the Government of Wales Act 1998,Wales has been emerging as a jurisdictiondistinct from that of England and Wales. Thisprocess will develop further as a result of therecent Government of Wales Act. Publiclawyers from Swansea have been prominentcommentators on these developments. See, inparticular, the work by Professor Tim Jonesand Jane Williams: “The Legislative Future ofWales” (2005) 68 Modern Law Review 642and “Wales as a Jurisdiction” [2004] PublicLaw 78.

The limits on the legislative powers of theNational Assembly for Wales mean that thedetailed legal rules which apply to Wales arediverging incrementally from those whichapply to England. There is also nowadaysmuch more primary legislation emanatingfrom Westminster which applies only toWales. Again, Swansea researchers havebeen active commentators. See Jones andWilliams, “The Law of Wales or the Law ofEngland and Wales?” (2005) 26 Statute LawReview 135 (with J.H. Turnbull), “PublicServices Ombudsman (Wales) Act” [2005]Current Law Statutes, c.10, 1-61, and “PublicAudit (Wales) Act” [2004] Current LawStatutes, c. 23, 1-72.

The evolution of a distinct corpus of Welshlegal rules is likely to accelerate. The devolutionof primary legislative powers, in theGovernment of Wales Act will have a majorimpact. This process of legal differentiationtakes place within the legal system of Englandand Wales. This is something worthy ofexamination in itself and is something missedby many lawyers with their focus on theoverarching legal system of England andWales. Swansea researchers will continue todevelop their expertise in this field.

The emergence of Wales as a jurisdiction isalso evidenced by the development of laws


CENTRE FOR COMMERCIAL LAW STUDIES

Established in 1999, the Centre hasdeveloped a national and international sphereof operation. The Centre’s broad area ofactivity is Commercial Law, with particularemphasis on intellectual property, asset finance,contract theory, and personal property law. TheCentre’s activities are supported by the JaneHodge Foundation through the endowment ofa Chair, Sir Julian Hodge Chair in AssetFinance Law. The activities of the Centreinclude: applied, comparative and inter-disciplinary research; responding to policyinitiatives emanating from the UK Government,the European Commission and otherinternational bodies; convening conferencesand meetings of academics and practitioners;initiating specialist teaching which will attractrecognition by appropriate professional bodies;and contributing to the IP Wales initiative.

JUSTWORD: CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OFTEXT, ETHICS AND FORMS OF JURISTICDISCOURSE

Justword fosters scholarship which examines thecultural production of law. Via research,conference, seminar and debate, thisinterdisciplinary Centre explores links betweenwritten and spoken values, and comparesjudgments from everyday encounters withliterary, historical, legal, political,psychological, scientific and media settings. Itsaim is to bring together the best in expertisefrom such fields and so enhance understandingacross individual concerns, local and globalissues. Justword will be hosting an InternationalLaw and Literature Colloquium to be held inSwansea in July 2007.

The School of Law has been active duringthe past year in establishing two furtherresearch initiatives.

ENVIRONMENTAL/ENERGY LAWRESEARCH UNIT

This new research unit in the School is linked tothe Energy Technium being established inPembrokeshire, to be situated in state-of-the-artfacilities which will be completed in 2007. Thedevelopment of the Pembrokeshire Technium

will involve the appointment of a research teamin Environmental/Energy Law at the School ofLaw. The establishment of the Energy Techniumarises out of the emergence of Pembrokeshireas a major supplier of natural gas for the UKwithin the next 5 years, as well as its historicand continuing importance in oil refining.Pembrokeshire will receive £2.5 billion ininward investment, directed at the energysector/industries over the next 5 years. Therationale of the environmental/energy lawteam is to interface with the inward investmentwhich will create opportunities for linkages withenergy companies establishing inPembrokeshire. The team will also providestrategic policy advice in energy/environmentallaw to the Energy Group within the WelshAssembly Government. This will straddle thedistinction between basic and applied research,which has become vital with the explosion ofnew scientific and technological insights.

CENTRE FOR CHILD RESEARCH

This Centre is in the course of beingestablished, following the allocation of HEFCWfunding which will enable the appointment oftwo new chairs and other academic staff. Thechairs will be in child welfare and in children’srights. The aims of the Centre are to provide acentre of excellence in Wales for research intochildhood, to produce high quality researchpublished in international journals, todisseminate findings, particularly throughoutWales, but also nationally and internationallyand to influence educational and clinicalpractice in Wales and beyond. The focus andspeciality of research is on child development,child welfare and protection, education and

172 School of Law

service supply in Wales and a selected Englishregion (south west England); determines thedistribution of legal skills on a Wales regionalbasis; compares the availability of each skillwith a set of presumed demand determinants,derived from official statistics; presents theresults of a survey of solicitor firms in Wales;and draws appropriate inferences in the lightof the Clementi Review of legal services inEngland and Wales and, more recently, theWhite Paper dealing with the future of legalservices. The findings of the Report have beeninfluential in informing the policy debate overimplementing legal aid reform within Walesand other regions. It is clear that, in volumeterms, Wales has only 60% of the solicitorsavailable in England. More significantly, theaverage firm size in Wales is lower than anyregion in England and this compromises thedevelopment of economies of scope and scaleamongst firms in Wales. Whilst Welsh legalfirms are generally experienced in personal,family and social areas of law, they arerelatively inexperienced with regard tospecialised areas of law, notably business law.As a result, Welsh firms are particularlyvulnerable to the commodification of legalservices. At the same time, the distribution ofservices within Wales is extremely uneven, withthe remoter, rural areas and areas of recentindustrial decline showing the acutestdeficiencies. It is probable that shortage ofdemand discourages supply of, significantly,business law services which, in turn, constrainsthe potential growth of demand, trappingWales in a low-level equilibrium. This leavespolicymakers with an acute problem. Theresearch report suggests that more informationtechnology, together with proposals to reformthe delivery of legal services in England andWales, offers a possible solution. It is probablethat the uneven development of legal serviceprovision is a widespread phenomenon andthat the analysis and the implications drawnfrom it are of general interest to other regions indifferent parts of the UK.


Professor Iwan Davies

[email protected]

THE INTERSECTION OF LAW ANDLANGUAGE

Andrew Halpin joined the School of Law in2005 as Professor of Legal Theory, havingpreviously held the same position atSouthampton University. He has continued hisinterest in the relationship between law andlanguage, explored in his earlier booksReasoning with Law (2001) and Definition inthe Criminal Law (2004), with an article in(2005) Virginia Law Review considering thenature of the relationship between legaltheory and the philosophy of language, “Or, Even, What the Law Can Teach thePhilosophy of Language: A Response toGreen’s Dworkin’s Fallacy”.

This essay is a response to the important centraltheme of Michael Green’s recent article in(2003) Virginia Law Review, which considersthe relationship between the philosophy oflanguage and the philosophy of law. Greenargues forcefully that a number of theorists withquite different viewpoints commonly maintain aconnection between the two which turns out tobe unfounded. It is accepted that it is wrong toassume such a connection, but it is suggestedthat Green has failed to recognise theconnection that can be established betweenthe two disciplines due to the particular way inwhich law as a practice uses words.

The reasons given by Green for seeking tomaintain a distinction between ordinarylanguage practice and the language practiceof the law are considered and rejected beforereaching the general conclusion that,irrespective of which position is adopted in thephilosophy of law, at the point of judgment thephilosophy of law and the philosophy oflanguage are inextricably linked in beingconcerned to account for the same practice.The essay proceeds to consider the basicissues for the philosophy of languageaddressed in Green’s article, which areconcerned with the search for the mechanismwhich links a particular meaning to a word.One reading of Wittgenstein’s rule scepticism,supported by Dennis Patterson, is to reject theexistence of any mechanism interrupting thedirect connection between the capacity wepossess in our language practice and the


operating in a distinctive bilingual environment.Professor Iwan Davies delivered a keynotelecture at an international conference on the useof terminology which will appear inTerminology, Computing and Translation editedby ten Hacken (Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag).The paper considers the use of Welsh within thelegal process in Wales. It examines thehistorical background leading to the enactmentof the Welsh Language Act 1993 andconsiders the impact of the establishment of theNational Assembly for Wales on the use of theWelsh language within public life in Wales.The practical problems facing the use of Welshare discussed and, in particular, the challengeof establishing legal terminology andexpressions, both English-Welsh and Welsh-English, in relation to National Assemblylegislation, as well as, more generally, in thelaw and procedure which applies to the civiland criminal law context. There is clearly aneed to standardise terminology. For example,in respect of the issue of primary legislation,there are three Welsh language equivalents,namely, “deddfwriaeth gynradd”, “deddfwriaethbrimaidd” and “deddfwriaeth sylfaenol”. Thenuances of the language used in each of these

examples are, in the case of deddfwriaethgynradd, the emphasis is upon “primary” in aneducational sense (for example, a “junior”school); in the case of deddfwriaeth brimaidd,the focus is upon an artificially created word“brimaidd” which reflects the idea of “primary”,whereas in the case of deddfwriaeth sylfaenol,the idea of sylfaenol is best translated in termsof “basic” law. The task of determining theappropriate term here for such an importantlegal concept, which goes to the heart of thepowers of the Welsh Assembly Government, isstill to be finally settled.

The continued vibrancy of the process ofdevolution rests upon the ability of the legalprofession in Wales to service the legal sphereof the devolutionary settlement. While it is thecase that such a legal service can at least, inpart, be provided outside of Wales, to overlyrely upon this source would undermine themethodology and logic of devolution. ProfessorIwan Davies and Professor Lynn Mainwaringcompleted a research report on behalf of TheLaw Society (see Research Report: The Supplyof Private Practice Legal Skills in Wales, 2005)which compares the characteristics of legal

174 School of Law

THE PRINCIPLES UNDERPINNING THEEUROPEAN INTERNAL MARKET

Jukka Snell has been Professor of EuropeanLaw since 2005, having joined the School ofLaw as a lecturer in 2000. His recent researchhas built on the foundations laid down in hisbook Goods and Services in EC Law: A Studyof the Relationship between Freedoms (OxfordUniversity Press, 2002) and his article in 2003Yearbook of European Law, “Who's Got thePower? Free Movement and Allocation ofCompetences in EC Law”, and explores thebasic legal principles underpinning the singleEuropean market.

Snell’s chapter, “And Then There Were Two:Products and Citizens in Community Law” inEuropean Union Law for the Twenty-FirstCentury (Hart Publishing, 2004), was firstpresented in the WG Hart Legal Workshop inLondon. It seeks to examine critically thecommon argument that the four freedoms ofthe EC Treaty, free movement of goods,persons, services, and capital, areconverging. The chapter does not concentrateon the similarities between the freedoms, butinstead focuses on the differences. It is arguedthat there still are important inconsistenciesremaining in the free movement case law ofthe European Court of Justice. However, theinconsistencies may be more apparent thanreal, for it seems that a common pattern maybe emerging, but the pattern is more complexthan simple convergence: instead, the Court isnow treating the freedoms involving the freemovement of Union citizens more favourablythan the movement of products. It is furtherargued that the distinction between productsand citizens could and should be maintainedand developed, as it would provide acoherent and sensible basis for the freemovement jurisprudence. This is due to theconstitutionally loaded status of free movementof citizens as a fundamental right with all theimplications of the Union citizenship, while forproducts subsidiarity-related concernspredominate. The end result could and shouldbe a clear bifurcation of the law, whereproducts and citizens are seen as two distinctlegal categories.

Snell’s chapter, “Economic Aims as Justificationfor Restrictions on Free Movement” in Rule ofReason: Rethinking another Classic of EC LegalDoctrine (Europa Law Publishing, 2005), wasfirst presented to a conference at the Universityof Amsterdam. It analyses a doctrineestablished by the European Court of Justice,according to which national rules restricting thefour freedoms may be accepted provided theypursue a legitimate aim in the public interest,unless the objective is of an economic nature.The purpose of the study is to examine what ismeant by aims of an economic nature, whetherthe Court has in actual practice indeedrefrained from accepting them as justificationfor restrictive measures, and whether the Courtshould continue to condemn these objectives.Two arguments are made, one positive, thesecond normative. First, in practice, the Courthas not condemned all economic aims; itsapproach has been subtler than that. The Courthas been ready to ensure that sensible nationalmeasures may stand even if they do hinder freemovement and have an objective that seemseconomic. To do so, it has employed threestrategies: it has manipulated the concept ofrestriction to find that the measures fall outsidethe scope of the rules altogether, or it has readthe economic aims in conjunction with publicinterest objectives, or it has openly or silentlydenied that the aims under consideration areeconomic. Secondly, it is argued that the Courtshould not blindly disapprove of all measuresthat have an economic objective. Theconstitutional structure of the Communityrequires such a subtle approach. In particular,there are circumstances where economic aimshave to be accepted if the divided powerstructure of the Community is to be respected,and it is rational to allow the Communitylegislature to adopt measures that may restricttrade for economic reasons.

Traditionally, EC free movement law has beenviewed solely as a species of trade law andanalysed from this perspective. In the late1990s, partly as a result of the ground-breaking work of Miguel Poiares Maduro, thelegal academic community began toappreciate the fundamental constitutional


capacity we possess in the practice to whichour language refers. Patterson provides anothertarget for Green’s allegation that theorists whotake a position in the philosophy of law fromtheir position in the philosophy of language arecommitting a fallacy. However, it is pointed outthat within the Patterson-Wittgenstein position,there is no possibility of moving from oneposition to the other since both positions arealready necessarily connected.

The remaining discussion then explores theapparently common connection between lawand language established within the practice ofjudgment, and within the general view of thenature of language favoured in Patterson’sreading of Wittgenstein. It is argued thatWittgenstein’s philosophical method maymaintain a connection between law andlanguage, and the positions adopted withintheir respective philosophies, but is incapableof resolving the controversy between competingviews of how law/“law” should beunderstood. By contrast, the practice ofjudgment is used precisely to resolvecontroversy. Although this judgment isconcerned primarily with a specific part of thelaw, its significance extends to how we regardthe philosophical endeavours that need toprovide an account of it. This provides lessonsfor both the philosophy of language and thephilosophy of law.

The use of language and the role of aninterpretive community as explanatory deviceshave become popular within a number ofdisciplines. A recent application to the subjectof legal tradition is found in Patrick Glenn’sLegal Traditions of the World (2nd ed, 2004).Halpin’s contribution to a collaborative reviewproject published in (2006) Journal ofComparative Law, “Glenn’s Legal Traditions ofthe World: Some Broader PhilosophicalIssues”, deals with some of the broader issueswhose treatment undergirds the more ambitiousaspects of Glenn’s work. Three principal issuesare dealt with. Since Glenn quite pointedlytreats tradition as being located not in therepeated occurrence of behaviour but in thetransmission of information, the first issue to beconsidered is the extent to which an interpretivecommunity can be relied upon to provide a

self-sufficient character to legal tradition. Thenthe issues of incommensurability andmultivalence are explored. Glenn’s positionsagainst incommensurability, and formultivalence, are crucial in supporting his visionof a “sustainable diversity in law” based on afull recognition of the role of tradition.

The role of an interpretive community isquestioned, with discussion of the work ofWittgenstein, Thomas Kuhn, and Stanley Fish;and comparisons are made with MichaelFreeden’s exploration of political ideology.Although the problems of incommensurabilityand multivalence are complex, it is argued thatthere are certain key practical points that Glennhas elided in his oversimplified portrayal ofthese topics. He is shown to have confused thepossibility of anything being compared withanything else with an erroneous claim thatanything can be made commensurable withanything else; and to have confused a multi-faceted approach which draws from a numberof distinct traditions with a multivalent approachwhich purports to allow conflicting values tocoexist. Glenn’s support for the emphasis givenby Martin Krygier to the role of tradition inunderstanding law, and for Krygier’s insistenceon paying proper regard to law’s socialcontext, is seen to be diminished by anoverambitious and unsuccessful attempt to turntradition into a totalizing force in law. This isalso regarded as undermining Glenn’s use oftradition to provide a securer foundation for thecomparative enterprise.


Professor Andrew Halpin

[email protected]

176 School of Law

At that point of judgment both

the law and the word �contract�

are clarified.

A point ofinseparable

connection betweenthe language

practice and thepractice of law

Without thecontroversy, therewould be no need

for judgment.

The practice oflanguage depends

on the practice of law

Such resort, essentially an exercise in narrativeaccountability, raises interesting questionsconcerning the relationship between theimaginative, cultural and rational life of theindividual and of the community. Williams isinterested in those instances where thepractical ethics mode of reasoning andargumentation tends to be employed - wherethe utterly elemental dilemma presents, of lifeand death decisions, or controversialqualitative analyses concerning the meaningswe ascribe to life itself.

In “An Ethics Ensemble: Abortion, Thomson,Finnis and the Case of the Violin Player” (RatioJuris (2004)) Williams considers aspects of theexchange between Judith Jarvis Thomson andJohn Finnis in their exploration of the practicalethics analogies raised by the issue ofabortion. Williams clarifies the narrativepurpose of the analogy raised by Thomson,whilst at the same time providing commentaryupon the rhetorical devices employed by bothin the claim to rational contest adopted by theirrespective positions. In “Death Rites: AssistedSuicide and Existential Rights” (InternationalJournal of Law in Context (2005)) Williamsconsiders the narrative foundationsunderpinning the adjudication of the notion ofassisted suicide and the potential contributionoffered by existential philosophy in thedevelopment and reformulation of thosefoundations in an increasingly secular society.Such narrative questions are particularlypressing, she argues, in the formulation of“rights” discourse where the legal subject hasexperienced a radical alteration of stocknarrative positions. Whilst a religious personmay assert that the ethical standing of ouractions refers to a normative registerdiscoverable in religious values, Williamsmaintains that non-religious persons must form adifferent understanding of how death itself is adetermining factor in this calibration of ethics.


Professor Melanie Williams

[email protected]


implications of the free movement rules. Snell’scontinuing research seeks to explore more fullythe wider dimension of the free movementrules, and so provide a fuller picture of thebasic legal principles underpinning the singleEuropean market.


Professor Jukka Snell

[email protected]

LITERARY JURISPRUDENCE

Professor Melanie Williams has a stronginterest in the use of language and literarydevices in law, as well as the use of literarysources to explore notions of “legitimate”narrative, and has co-ordinated, with the Lawand Humanities Institute (New York and Miami)an international conference on Law andLiterature to be held in Swansea in 2007.Since “law and literature” scholarship can sufferfrom the charge that the interdisciplinaryrelationship may represent an awkwardmisalliance, Williams is keen to locate thecommon identity of both sources as“anthropological artefacts” which, like anyother anthropological phenomena, revealinsights concerning cultural activity andnormative assumptions. This view wasemphasised by Williams in a recent plenarydiscussion at the International Conference “ThePower of Stories: Intersections of Law, Cultureand Literature” (held in Gloucester, 2005, andpublished in the Texas Weslyan Law Review(2006)), and is being developed further in heressay invited for inclusion in the Amherst Seriesin Law, Jurisprudence and Social Thought(2007) and the entry commissioned on “Lawand Literature” in the Encyclopedia of Law andSociety (2006).

Williams’ book Empty Justice (2002) exploreslinks between law, literature and philosophyacross the last one hundred years, withparticular focus upon questions in normativeand feminist theory. Douzinas and Gearey inCritical Jurisprudence (2005) identify the book’sconcern with “the compromised nature ofjudgement itself; the repeated failure to adoptany position outside the endless shiftings of thematerial and the contingent”. They conclude

that Empty Justice responds to this problem witha daring approach to a theme that one mighthave thought had been killed off by the rise oftheory: the human as agent. For Williams, themoral life is the acute positing of the theme ofthe subject as moral actor – as self-reflexive,self-questioning…Reason is thought of in theseterms: a persistent, uncertain search for what isboth necessary and impossible. With the helpof Korsgaard, Williams develops a thesisabout personhood as the conscious quest forself-understanding, as mediated by one’srelations to others.

Secrets and Laws (2005), a collection ofessays (some developed from journal articles)highlights the diverse cultural foundations ofliterary jurisprudence, from light biographicalcameos and journalistic film profiles toscholarly enquiries concerning the transpositionof legal questions in contrasting cultural media.For example, in the chapter entitled“Jurisprudence, Politics, War and the Message– Messages at War: Auden’s September 1,1939”, Williams explores the tensionsinherent in the concepts of natural law andpositive law and the metabolisation of suchideas in political and aesthetic rhetoric, tracinga consequent vulnerability in fundamentalideals of autonomy and community. Williamsalso explores the extent to which works offiction engage with social questions of interestto the law, such as notions of equality andfairness. In “Only connect: Howards End andtheories of justice” (Law and Literature (2006))Williams identifies Forster’s scepticism towardsformulaic responses to problems of distributivejustice and posits the necessary link betweensuch theories (for example as proposed byJohn Rawls in “Justice as Fairness”) and thenormative enquiry proposed by MacIntyre –crystallised in Forster’s epigrammaticexhortation to “only connect”.

The interest in links between law and narrativeprovides an additional strand to thescholarship undertaken by Professor Williams.Where normative philosophy explores the linksbetween normative and causative accounts ofaction, there is often resort to analogy orfable, especially in “practical ethics” discourseso often employed in law and medical ethics.

178 School of Law

School of MedicineHead of School - Professor Julian Hopkinwww.swansea.ac.uk/medicine

The School of Medicine is fast becoming a centre of excellence in world-class research and medical education.

Established in 2001, the School takes a strongly interdisciplinary approach to clinical, health, andexperimental research in order to develop radical new solutions to old medical problems. Its research enterprise is driven by a growing team of 24 internationally-recognised professors, with£8m of research grant earnings over the past year including grants from the Medical ResearchCouncil, the Wellcome Trust, the Royal Society and the National Institutes of Health, USA.

The School’s research interests encompass bio-molecular science and the advance ofdiagnostics and therapeutics, epidemiology and the prevention of disease, and health servicesresearch. The emphasis on inter-disciplinary research is built on collaboration with academicresearchers in the physical, engineering, mathematical and biological sciences on campus, the NHS, and the commercial sector.

The School has a £50 million investment from the Welsh Assembly Government, the EuropeanUnion and IBM to establish by 2007 a state-of-the-art research centre -- the Institute of LifeScience (ILS). The project is set to become a premier medical scientific and computing facility.It hosts a new European Deep Computing Visualisation Centre for medical applications, whichis home to IBM supercomputer, 'Blue C'. This will provide exciting advance in medicalvisualization, bio and health informatics.

Innovative research is proceeding in the areas of obesity and diabetics, breast cancer,infection and immunity, neuropsychiatric disorders, reproduction and health service advance,and encompasses the application of diverse approaches including cell and molecular biology,nanotechnology, mathematical modelling, statistics and super computing, and clinical researchand clinical trials methodologies.

In addition, the School is steadily increasing post-graduate research student numbers and hasdoubled the intake of medical students into its fast-track Graduate Entry Medical degree

Professor Julian Hopkin

Head, School of Medicine

School of

Medicine

181

day enable doctors to tailor treatmentindividually to each patient’s needs. Medicalvisualisation and virtual reality will transformdiagnostic body scanning in the future, andwith it the treatments that rely on delivery oftherapeutics to diseased organs and tissues.

The ILS is a unique and imaginative problem-solving environment; one that could only existthrough the potent three-way partnershipbetween regional Government, a businessleader and a world-class university.

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHThe Institute of Life Science’s biomedicalresearch group includes a variety ofexperimental disciplines undertakingresearch into diverse areas of interest butwith many shared technology platforms formodern molecular and systems biology.Besides working within disciplines aninterdisciplinary awareness is part of thegeneral approach, within Swansea, the UKand through links overseas. The Institute of

Mass Spectrometry, the Blue Csupercomputer and the MultidisciplinaryNanotechnology Centre all provideimportant support for multidisciplinaryresearch. Biomedical Research in theSchool of Medicine is supported by theNational Institutes of Health (USA), EUFramework Six, research councils, charities,industry and government.

Basic Biomedical and PhysiologicalScience: Molecular, cellular and integrativemechanisms in mammalian physiology andpathology are the research focus of a numberof academics within the School. Specificareas of research include biological clocksand the neurobiological basis of circadianrhythms, ion channel regulation of microvesselpermeability, bacterial pathobiology, thebiology of sports injury including the role ofstem cells in cartilage formation and repair,and the metabolism of extracellular matrixproteins in healthy and arthriticmusculoskeletal tissue.


INSTITUTE OF LIFE SCIENCEThe Institute of Life Science (ILS) is a £50million investment in state-of-the-art medicalresearch at Swansea University, focused ondiscovering radical ways to treat disease anddeliver healthcare.

Partly funded through the Welsh AssemblyGovernment, and making use of EuropeanObjective One money, the ILS takes to marketthe results of innovative research undertakenin the School of Medicine. The entire ILSproject has been made possible due to aunique partnership between computer giantIBM, the Welsh Assembly Government andSwansea University.

Life science is recognised as one of the mostfertile sources of technology transfer in theworld and the ILS has the potential to createsignificant economic wealth. This can comefrom developments in the knowledge economythrough research, intellectual property licensing,spinout companies and international investment.To support this aim, the ILS provides dedicatedincubator support for starter companies with theaim of translating knowledge into commercialopportunities.

The six-storey building also houses a dedicatedbusiness support centre - the Micro-Technium -providing a home for early-stage businesses togrow in a ‘hothouse’ environment; this allowsideas born at the Institute to have immediateaccess to expert business and academic

advice, encouraging them to evolve quickly.

One of the key building blocks of the ILSproject is the IBM Blue C supercomputer, oneof the fastest computers in the worlddedicated to life science research. Projectsconcerning HIV, epidemiology and theevolution of genes are among those currentlybeing run on Blue C.

The Institute is also home to scientists workingat the point where bio- and nanotechnology,deep computing and informatics intersect. Themulti-disciplinary approach provides a stimulusfor research into information-based medicine,equipping health-care professionals with theinformation they need to provide morepersonalised and preventive forms of treatment.

The ILS houses state-of-the-art researchlaboratories looking into areas such ascancer, obesity and diabetes, infections,and neuropsychiatry. The interaction ofmedicine and deep computing in particularis key to progress.

Medicine will increasingly rely on the easily-digestible presentation of very complexinformation in deciding what treatment bestsuits each individual patient – this ‘information-based medicine’ is supported by a powerful ITinfrastructure (clinical informatics).

This use of bio-informatics to drive forwardmedical treatment is at the vanguard of currentgenetic and molecular research and will one

182 School of Medicine


Bioinformatics and Biomathematics:A range of academic staff are engaged inmultidisciplinary studies concerning theinvestigation of complex data sets includingfrom transcriptomic, proteomic andmetabolomic studies in conjunction withexperimental scientists. Statistical/mathematical analysis in population andevolutionary studies and protein structuremodelling (on a genomic scale) are also aidedby the Blue C supercomputer at the University.

Centre for P450 Biodiversity: Research isprimarily investigating cytochrome P450 systemsof bacteria, fungi and animals. The P450gene/enzyme system is very diverse, reflectingthe central role it plays in natural productproduction for deterance/attraction and also for

detoxification of diverse organic chemicals inthe biosphere. P450s are also targets in drugtherapy. The work of the group includes studiesof the molecular genetics and biochemistry ofthese systems which includes studying P450s asdrug targets and also azole antifungal drugresistance. A central current theme is alsodetermining microbial P450 functions in post-genomic studies including their roles in primaryand secondary metabolism.

Developmental Medicine(Paediatrics/Immunology): The main researchinterest of the group is childhood immunity(particularly immune function in the newborn),studied mainly by analysis of umbilical cordblood and placental tissue. Another prominentfocus is on probiotics as modulators of immunity.


Diabetes Research Unit: The recently-formedDiabetes Research Unit (2005) has a widerange of research interests. These include thegenetics of diabetes (type 1 and type 2) andthe genetics of diabetes complicationsincluding protection from these andprospective follow up of pre-diabetes. Otherareas of research include the interfacesbetween clinical diabetes research andestablished expertise within the University;including community-delivered diabetes health-care, engineering-related advances indiabetes care delivery (laser assessment of thediabetic foot, analysis of exhaled metabolitesduring acute diabetic decompensation) andmobile-health applications. In addition, theDiabetes Research Unit is actively involved inthe expansion of Clinical Trial Research withinSwansea NHS Trust.

Experimental Medicine Unit: The researchfocus of the Experimental Medicine Unit is thegenetic and immune aspects of asthma. Areasinclude: the definition of how genetic variantsin immune signalling predict asthma and lowparasitic worm burdens; deriving anunderstanding of how these variants changefunction and advancing molecularapproaches (including RNA inhibition) asnovel therapies for asthma and allergy.

Genetics: This research area encompasses:environmental toxicology and mutagenesis,genetic processes in evolution, geneticepidemiology and taxonomy, molecular basisof transcription in yeast, microbial genetics ofbacteria, yeast and fungi, site-directedmutagenesis, recombinant protein expressionand protein engineering for diagnosticapplications. Complimentary to this well-established grouping is the genetics ofcommon diseases work in asthma, epilepsyand diabetes.

Human Cancer Studies Group: This multi-disciplinary group aims to determine themechanisms that underlie the genesis oftumours in the thyroid and the breast, and toidentify prognostic and predictive markersand novel therapeutics. There are foursubgroups: The Chernobyl Tissue Bank (CTB),the Wales Cancer Bank, Molecular Pathologyand Proteomics.

Medical and Clinical Oncology: Theresearch effort on immunity and cancerfocuses on immune modulation as potentialtherapy in cancer. Further interdisciplinaryresearch work is being undertaken lookinginto complex modelling of cancer anatomyand radiotherapy, applying diversescanning, physics and deep computingapproaches.

Medical Microbiology and InfectiousDiseases: The group aims to improvediagnosis, treatment and prevention ofhospital-acquired infection. Specifically it isworking on the role of biofilms in thepathogenesis of biomaterial-related infectionoccurring with implanted medical devices,which affects millions of patients worldwide,aiming to improve antibiotic therapy anddevelop new diagnostic tools. Additionalinterests are antibiotic resistance mechanismslike methicillin resistance, vancomycinresistance, and extended spectrum beta-lactamases and the activity of antibiotics onbacteria in biofilms.

Medical Physics and ClinicalEngineering: This group carries out a rangeof research and development activitiesbroadly sub-divided into radiotherapyphysics, radiation protection, nuclearmedicine physics and clinical engineering.

Molecular Psychiatry andPsychopharmacology: This group aims tothrow light on the interdependence of genesand behaviour using the methods andtechniques of molecular neuroscience. Itaims to better understand the mechanismsand actions of psychotropic drugs and todevelop innovative treatment strategies. TheMolecular Psychiatry andPsychopharmacology group works closelywith the Social and EpidemiologicalPsychiatry group.

Molecular Neuroscience: The researchfocus of this group is the genetic and cellularbiology of inherited neurological andcardiac disorders. There is common groundbetween the two medical disciplines in termsof the ion channel gene families that causeboth epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias.

capacity for high throughput proteomicstudies, high resolution mass determination,structural elucidation, analysis of nucleicacid and other non-protein macromolecules,metabolomic and small molecule analysis,and identification/ quantification of post-translational modifications. Equipment hasbeen selected to construct a facility with abreadth of capabilities in respect of boththe chromatographic and massspectrometric components functioning atmicro-bore, capillary and nanoflow levels.

The Institute is particularly interested innucleoside/nucleotides and their potential astumour markers, the correlation of nucleosidemarkers with disease state and theidentification of novel compounds such as5’-deoxycytidine. IMS is also undertaking anexamination of serum nucleotide enzymeactivities in collaboration with BronglaisHospital Aberystwyth and is working on theelaboration of novel fragmentation processesallowing more accurate interpretation ofmass spectra.


Reproductive Biology: The groupinvestigates gene expression and function inthe uterus and its relationship to fertility. Theaim is to identify genes and proteins that areessential to the establishment and maintenanceof a healthy pregnancy.

Streptomyces Genetics: Research is aimedat developing novel genomics-basedapproaches to exploit hitherto overlookedgenetic resources for new antibiotics. Thiswork includes the regulation of antibioticbiosynthesis, signal transduction and antibioticproduction. Manipulation of cell division tooptimise antibiotic production is also beinginvestigated along with developing modifiedproteins of clinical and industrial value. Theroles of cytochromes P450 in streptomycetemetabolism and in other actinomyctes isanother research focus.

Surgery and the GI tract: TheGastrointestinal Tract Molecular PathologyGroup is particularly interested in a pre-malignant form of oesophageal cancer knownas Barrett’s Oesophagus and in the contributionof bile acids in promoting cancer developmentin oesophageal tissues. The broader academicsurgical groups also focus on bariatric surgeryin obesity and effective surgical approaches tomajor trauma.

INSTITUTE OF MASS SPECTROMETRYThe Institute comprises the Mass SpectrometryResearch Unit, the EPSRC National MassSpectrometry Centre and the BiomolecularAnalysis Mass Spectrometry Facility (BAMS).

Swansea University has long beenestablished as a centre of excellence formass spectrometry. The Royal SocietyResearch Unit was located on campus in the1970s, followed by the Mass SpectrometryResearch Unit in the 1980s and, morerecently, the EPSRC National MassSpectrometry Centre. Currently there are 13academic and support staff, eight of whomare wholly supported by direct researchcouncil funding, involved in the IMS coreactivities supporting research programmesinvolving more than a dozen Swanseapostgraduates and postdoctoral workers.Through the BAMS facility, the research ofBiological Sciences and the School ofMedicine staff is also supported bycollaborative and contract support researchprogrammes.

The latest component of Mass Spectrometryis the BAMS Facility. A flourishingcollaboration has existed for some timebetween the Mass Spectrometry ResearchUnit and Biochemists within the School ofBiological Sciences, and the new centreallows this collaboration to be extended toinclude other Biologists and members of theSchool of Medicine with research interests atthe molecular level. The collective expertiseand interdisciplinary approach together withthe quality of equipment available constitutean exciting potential that can rival any otherUK institution in a topical and critical area ofresearch. The function of BAMS Facility is:`The application of modern massspectrometric and chromatographic methodsto qualitative and quantitative analysis ofbiomolecules, and the development andoptimization of novel methodology’.

The centre thus provides a focal point forthe enhancement of collaborative researchbetween Mass Spectrometry, Biochemistry,Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology andthe School of Medicine, and constitutes aversatile, state of the art facility with the


incidence in young people, the paper findsthat, at present, there are no clearlydemonstrated radiation-related increases incancer risk. However, that this does not meanthat no increase has occurred.

Based on the experience of other populationsexposed to ionising radiation, a smallincrease in the relative risk of cancer is to beexpected, even at low to moderate rates ofexposure. Given the high number of peopleexposed to ionising radiation in theChernobyl accident, it is still possible thatthere will be a substantial number ofradiation-related cancer cases in the future.

The Chernobyl Tissue Bank (CTB) is aninternational co-operation to establish banks ofmaterial from and information on patients whowere exposed as children or adolescents tofallout from the Chernobyl accident. So far,samples from more than 1,600 cases of thyroidcancer have been collected. The majority ofthe cases (80%) are from the contaminatedareas of Ukraine and Russia. 193 cases arefrom patients who were born after 1 December1987. The isotopes of iodine that werereleased have a very short half-life; people bornafter 1st December 1987 were therefore notexposed to radioiodine and these cases form aunique control group of patients for researchersstudying the effects of radiation exposure.

STEM CELL THERAPY

The School of Medicine recently announceda collaboration with world leader in stem celltherapy, Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, USA,to extract stem cells from human placenta.This is one of the first research studies in theUK to investigate supplementing stem cellsfrom placental cord blood with stem cellsfrom the placenta.

Placental cord blood is known to be one of thebest sources for stem cells. But until now onedonation has only generated enough quantitiesto treat one child. The trans-Atlanticcollaboration aims to optimise the recovery ofadditional stem cells from the placenta that,combined with the cord blood stem cells,would yield sufficient cells to treat one or moreadults. The placenta, or afterbirth, is an easilyobtained, uncontroversial source of stem cellsthat is usually discarded.

The School, through the Institute of Life Scienceand partnership with Swansea NHS Trust, willplay the lead role in optimising the number ofstem cells that can be extracted from placentas.

This project represents an excellent opportunityto develop top-quality research in collaborationwith one of the major international commercialorganisations in this field. The project willfurther the School’s ambition of discovering newways to treat disease and deliver health care.


RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS:The following sections provide someinformation on a selection of the BioMedResearch groups’ current and recent projects.Others are newly started projects withexciting potential.

NEW RESEARCH PUBLISHED ON THE20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THECHERNOBYL DISASTER

An international study shows that 20 years onfrom the Chernobyl accident, thyroid canceris the only cancer to have increased as aresult of radiation exposure to the populationliving close to the Nuclear Power Plant. Thestudy concludes that those who wereyoungest at the time of the accident show thehighest risk of developing thyroid cancer.

The paper was produced by an internationalteam of authors, all of whom were part of aWorld Health Organisation (WHO) workinggroup on the radiological effects of theChernobyl accident.

Cancer consequences of the Chernobylaccident - 20 years on was published in the

Journal of Radiological Protection at the endof April 2006 - coinciding with the 20thanniversary of the accident.

One of the paper's authors, Professor GerryThomas, jointly heads the Human CancerStudies Group in the School of Medicine, andis the Project Manager of the Chernobyl TissueBank project, which is co-ordinated from theSouth West Wales Cancer Institute.

The increase in thyroid cancer among thoseaffected by fallout from the Chernobyl accidentis very striking because thyroid cancer isnormally so rare in this age group. Althoughincreases in other cancers have also beenreported, many of these may be attributed toother factors, such as improvements inregistration, reporting and diagnosis.

However, most radiation-related solid cancerscontinue to occur decades after exposure -only 20 years have passed since theChernobyl accident, so it is still very earlydays in terms of evaluating the fullradiological impact.

Apart from the large increase in thyroid cancer


Chernobyl accident. Researchers based inSwansea will work with researchers in Russiaand Ukraine to use the University’s state-of-the-art equipment to identify differences in thegenetic code from groups of patients inUkraine and Russia with thyroid cancer whowere and were not exposed to radiationfrom the Chernobyl accident.

The second study, funded by the EC, will becarried out in centres across Europe,including Swansea. This study will seek toidentify differences in the genetic code ofyoung patients who have been successfullytreated for Hodgkin’s Disease. Recentresearch has shown that some of thesepatients are at a higher risk of developingbreast cancer.

In studies similar to those carried out forpost Chernobyl thyroid cancer, researchersbased at the Institute for Cancer Research inLondon, and in a number of other Europeancountries will try to identify factors that makeit more likely that a given patient willdevelop breast cancer following radiationtherapy for Hodgkin’s Disease. The studywill also investigate whether the breastcancers from these patients show amolecular signature related to exposure toradiation therapy.

The third project, a multinational trial run byDr Ian Kunkler from Edinburgh, has received£2 m funding from the MRC. It will addressthe other face of radiation – its use intreatment of cancer. The University’sProfesssor Thomas, Professor Robert Leonard,who leads the HCSG, and the newlyappointed Professor of Clinical Oncology,Professor Roger Taylor, will be involved inthe SUPREMO clinical trial, which seeks toanswer whether women who have breastcancer that has spread to only a few areasoutside the breast really benefit fromradiotherapy following mastectomy. Bloodsamples and samples of tissue from thetumour are being collected as part of the trialand these will be investigated in the sameway as the samples of blood from patientsexposed to radiation following the Chernobyl

accident, or treatment for Hodgkin’s Disease.This will help to identify small variations inthe DNA that may explain why some peoplereact badly to radiotherapy, and why somecancers do not respond as well as expected.

NEW ANTIBIOTICS

Experts from across Europe met at theSchool of Medicine in 2005 to herald thestart of a prestigious new five-year €9.4million European Union-funded integratedresearch project, ActinoGEN, aimed at thediscovery of new antibiotics and exploitingrecent technological advances to discovernew antibiotics that can provide treatmentsof last resort for life-threatening diseases suchas tuberculosis and nosocomial infectionslike MRSA.

The 19 scientists have planned jointresearch on how to exploit nature’s mostprolific antibiotic factories, soil bacteriacalled actinomycetes, to help alleviate thecurrent crisis in treatment of multiple drug-resistant diseases.

An integrated multidisciplinary approach is atthe heart of discovering new solutions to thisincreasingly serious problem, which isimpacting both individual patients andhealthcare as a whole. And between them,the scientists and members of the industryrepresent a number of related disciplinesincluding microbiology, molecular biology,chemistry and bioinformatics.

The project brings together 14 EU and oneSouth Korean university research groups andthree EU SMEs in the search of newantibiotics.

Non-UK universities at the meeting are theTechnische Universität Berlin, Institute ofMicrobiology, Academy of Sciences of theCzech Republic, Technical University ofDenmark, Eberhard Karls-UniversitätTübingen, Universita di Palermo,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Universitè Paris-Sud, Institut National de la RechercheAgronomique, France, Universidad deOviedo, Institute of Biotechnology of Leónand Seoul National University.


Celgene brings to the collaboration uniqueproprietary technology that allows for therecovery of large quantities of human pluripotent(capable of differentiating into multiple tissuetypes) stem cells from the placenta followingsuccessful completion of pregnancy.

As part of the tie-up, Celgene has awarded theILS an initial grant of around £81,000 toemploy two researchers and to set up newfacilities in its laboratories. The grant will bereviewed at the end of the first year.

ANTI-CANCER ROLE FOR CURRY

Cancer researchers at the School ofMedicine and Swansea’s Morriston Hospitalhave demonstrated that a constituent of thespice, turmeric, has anti-cancer properties.

Researchers investigated curcumin, the activecompound in turmeric, for its ability tospecifically block the cancer promotingprotein, NF-kappaB.

The GI tract Molecular Pathology Group ledby Professor John Baxter and Dr GarethJenkins obtained promising data showing thatin cultured cancer cells, curcumin activelyinhibits the activity of NF-kappaB. The groupearlier found that increased NF-kappaB activityis linked to several cancers of the GI-tract.

New funding has now allowed this work tobe extended to assess the effect of curcuminsupplementation on NF-kappaB activity inpatients. If this pilot study in patients showssimilar results to the study using culturedcancer cells, then it will indicate thatcurcumin supplementation may havebeneficial anti-cancer effects in patients.

The group has been trying to identifypotential ways to suppress NF-kappaBactivity and, ultimately, to block GI-tractcancer development. The curcumin discoveryis a potentially important development.

NEW HEART PUMP

Heart and circulatory disease is the biggestkiller in the UK but that could all change as aresult of a collaborative project between theILS, the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, andTexas Heart Institute at St Luke’s EpiscopalHospital in Houston.

The team is exploring the possibility ofcreating an affordable heart pump for theNHS in Britain that can help prolong thelifespan of patients suffering fromcardiovascular disease.

Peter Houghton received the world’s first long-term Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)operation in June 2000. He is the longest-surviving LVAD patient.

Professor Marc Clement, Chair of MedicalDevices at the School of Medicine, recentlyaccompanied Mr Houghton to visit Dr BudFrazier, Chief of CardiopulmonaryTransplantation and Director ofCardiovascular Surgical Research at theTexas Heart Institute.

During the visit, Mr Houghton’s LVAD devicewas examined and its efficiency measured.

It also gave Professor Clement the opportunityto cement the University’s relationship with theTexas Heart Institute.

The new IBM supercomputer, Blue C, whichwill be hosted at the ILS, could be used tofurther development on research into thepump.

RESEARCH INTO RADIATION ANDCANCER

Radiation can both be a cause and cure forcancer. The School of Medicine’s HumanCancer Studies Group has recently beenawarded three significant grants to investigatethe two faces of radiation research in cancerbiology. Overall, the research projects willlook at why some people react differently toexposure to radiation.

The School of Medicine is already home tothe Chernobyl Tissue Bank, a project thatplays a key role in understanding the causesof thyroid cancer following the Chernobylaccident. The school is now building aportfolio in radiation research.

The first of the three new projects, led fromSwansea and funded by the MRC, aims toidentify groups of patients who may carry apredisposition to thyroid cancer followingexposure to radioactive fallout from the


CHIRAL plays a key role in the development ofhealth-related research in Wales. It is the basefor the newly funded Mental Health ResearchNetwork Cymru, led by Professor Keith Lloyd;and the Emergency and Unplanned CareNetwork, led by Professor Helen Snooks, aswell as playing an active part in othercomponents of the new Welsh health researchinfrastructure. CHIRAL is the home for the midand west Wales section of the All-WalesAlliance for R&D in health and social care (ledby Professor Helen Snooks), a multi-disciplinaryteam of researchers from Bangor, Cardiff andSwansea Universities, whose aim is to raise theprofile of health and social care research inWales by attracting research funding;collaborating with research networks;publishing findings; and developing researchcapacity in Wales.

As part of a strategy to take forward anintegrated programme of Health ServicesResearch, CHIRAL has won a range ofresearch funding, including the MRC’s NationalPrevention Research Initiative, NHS SDO andHTA programmes, the Departments of Healthand of Transport, BUPA Foundation, from NHSorganisations and the Welsh AssemblyGovernment and Europe.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

The following sections provide someinformation on a selection of CHIRAL’s currentprojects. Some are recently completed.Others are newly-started projects withexciting potential.

Evaluating innovations in the delivery andorganisation of Gastroenterology servicesinitiated directly or indirectly by theModernising Endoscopy Service of theNHS Modernisation Agency (ENIGMA)

Many Gastroenterology (GE) units within UKhospitals have devised new methods forassessing patients referred from primary care,and for following up those who remain undersurveillance. The NHS Modernisation Agency(NHSMA) set up a national project to supportthe modernisation of (GE) services. Thisrigorous multi-centre study evaluates whether thechanges initiated by the national project areacceptable to patients and professionals,improve access to and outcomes of GEservices and provide good value for money.The research is funded by the NHS ServiceDelivery and Organisation (NHS SDO)research programme.


PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS FORNEWBORNS

The School of Medicine is collaborating withlocal industry to commercially developprobiotic food supplements, which couldhelp newborn babies to develop healthyimmune systems.

The £600,000 research project is supportedby a grant awarded by the Welsh DevelopmentAgency’s Knowledge Exploitation Fund and alocal industrial partnership with Cultech Ltd.,Baglan, a well-established manufacturer ofnutritional supplements for use in healthcare.

Allergic disorders such as eczema, hay feverand asthma are very common in SouthWales. As many as one in two babiesdevelop eczema and one in three schoolchildren have asthma. These allergic disorderstend to run in families.

The research team is being led by Dr SteveAllen and Professor Gareth Morgan of theDevelopmental MedicinePaediatrics/Immunology research group at theInstitute of Life Science in the School ofMedicine. The team is studying the effects ofprobiotic nutritional supplements on infants’immune responses and subsequentdevelopment of allergic diseases.

Asthma and eczema are associated withabnormal immune responses in the newbornchild. The immune dysfunction underlyingallergy is thought to be caused by inadequatestimulation of the immune system in today’shygienic environment. Studies suggest that suchstimulation could be provided by probioticorganisms, or friendly bacteria, and this couldhelp to prevent allergic diseases.

There is already some scientific evidence thatgiving probiotics to babies prevents eczema.But more evidence is needed as to whether ornot they prevent hay fever and asthma.

Researchers at the Institute of Life Science aretesting whether babies taking probiotics everyday for the first six months go on to get lessallergic disorders than those taking a placebo.They have recruited 250 babies into the study,who will be followed-up to the age of five.

Professor. Morgan and Dr. Allen, through theInstitute of Life Science, will collaborate withfour industrial partners to develop and marketsuitable products resulting from the research.

The commercial partners are Cultech Limited,Danisco Foods, USA, a supplier of probioticmicro-organisms; Obsidian Research Limited,Swansea, a small biochemistry-based researchorganisation; and BioCare Ltd, Birmingham, anutritional supplement marketing company.

CHIRAL: CENTRE FOR HEALTHINFORMATION, RESEARCH, ANDEVALUATIONThe Institute of Life Science’s CHIRAL bringstogether related research units to form anintegrated research centre with thebreakthrough and critical mass to achieveinternational standing. It aims to undertakeresearch at the individual, organisational andpopulation levels to: improve the quality ofpatient care; maximise the cost-effectiveness ofservice delivery; develop primary preventionstrategies directed at important public healthproblems; and evaluate the effectiveness ofnew initiatives in health and social care.

The year has seen exciting developments withinCHIRAL, with the establishment of the newHealth Information Research Unit for Wales(HIRU), which has been funded by the WalesOffice for Research and Development. HIRU isa strategically important development forCHIRAL bringing together experts in thecollection, analysis, and use of electronically-held, routinely-collected health data, to exploreinnovative ways to support and conductresearch. Coordinated by Executive Director,David Ford, this cross-CHIRAL collaborationhas already been the focus of considerableinterest within Wales and the UK. HIRU’s workis based on a strong and active partnershipwith IBM, which brings high performancecomputing expertise to HIRU through the use ofthe Blue C supercomputer. CHIRAL is alsodeveloping new strong collaborative links withmajor international industrial partners, whichare expected to result in a number of excitingnew research programmes over theforthcoming months.


quality of life and disability; the consequencesfor health and social care services in terms ofresource utilisation; the effects on theeconomy and the labour market in terms ofworking days and working life years lost; andto combine disability and mortality data toestimate the UK burden of injuries. There isalso a randomised controlled trial ofthermostatic mixer valves, to assess whetherthey can assist in reducing bath hot tap watertemperature in families with young children insocial housing.

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) isa form of type 1 diabetes which is oftendiagnosed and mistakenly treated as type 2diabetes. Aims of this work are to (1)Examine the prevalence of LADA in variouscentres in Europe and in South Wales andcharacterise people with LADA in terms ofdemographic and clinical features(2) designan information booklet for people who haveLADA; and (3) develop a better understandingof the needs of people newly diagnosed withLADA. This study will help to increase medicalknowledge and effectiveness of patient careand will be used to encourage appropriatepolicy changes to improve treatment andadvice offered to people with LADA.

Engaging clinicians in improving dataquality in the NHS

The Royal College of Physicians’ InformationLaboratory (iLab) within CHIRAL investigatedthe clinical reasons for poor quality ofroutinely collected data from the healthservices--in particular within the HospitalEpisode Statistics (HES) in England and, inWales, the Patient Episode Database Wales(PEDW)--and identified potential solutions.This work was commissioned by theDepartment of Health in England and theWelsh Assembly Government. Duringsessions at the iLab, consultant physiciansprovided their views on the quality ofHES/PEDW data, specifically focussing onwhether it could safely be used to supportconsultant appraisal and the GeneralMedical Council’s revalidation process.Attitudes towards HES/PEDW werecollected before and after these sessions

and compared. The same questions werealso asked of a separate group ofphysicians who had been tasked withfinding data about their activity, without theassistance of the RCP iLab.

More than 1300 physicians gave their viewson HES/PEDW data prior to involvement inthe research. They reported a striking lack ofconfidence in the data’s ability to reflect theirpractice. The great majority did not see thelocally coded results of their own inpatient &day case activity. Eighty percent of physiciansalso reported little or no communicationbetween themselves and their hospitalinformation and coding departments. The 50consultants who were supported in findingand interpreting their data by the iLabidentified many discrepancies between thedata and what actually happened in practice.In some cases, anomalies could be tracedback to practical causes. In other cases, itwas felt the current dataset - originallydesigned for largely administrative purposes –simply could not reflect clinical workingpractices and the complexities of multi-professional patient care.

The research demonstrates there is a missinglink in the data quality chain. Withoutclinician engagement and validation ofHES/PEDW, its ability to support a widevariety of NHS activities (including financialplanning) is limited. The research hasidentified substantial clinical limitations in thecurrent design of hospital episode data.Action is required to improve the quality ofdata currently collected for hospital episodestatistics and develop new clinical informationsystems and processes to provide clinicallymeaningful measures of activity andperformance. As a result of the limitations andexisting consultant-level data quality problems,national comparisons of individuals’HES/PEDW data should not be made.Clinical engagement in data collation can beincreased if consultants are given the supportthey need to use data effectively to meet theirown personal and professional needs.Greater clinical engagement will raiseawareness of the potential value ofHES/PEDW and increase interest in its


The study is a multi-centre, quasi-experimental,multiple time series design with economicevaluation addressing all newly referredpatients for endoscopy. It will focus inparticular on GE units that have applied to takepart in the Modernising Endoscopy Services(MES) project of the NHSMA.

The study aims to: (i) evaluate bothquantitatively and qualitatively innovativemodels of delivery and organisation of GEservices, addressing endoscopy services inparticular; (ii) compare the accessibility andacceptability to patients and professionals ofthe resulting models of service delivery andorganisation; and (iii) compare the effectivenessand cost-effectiveness of the resulting models inimproving outcomes assessed by patients andprofessionals. The study will evaluateinnovations at 20 sites in England; 10hospitals who are receiving a toolkit, funding,training and support from the NHSMA and 10hospitals who are receiving a toolkit, trainingand support but no extra funding. The studypopulation is 10,000 patients over 18 newlyreferred for endoscopy. Patient recruitment tookplace over two and a half years, with 100patients in 20 hospitals being recruited every 6months beginning in April 2004. The projectis well underway and expects to report itsfindings in late 2007.

Lifestyle interventions to improve thephysical health of people with severemental illness: identifying barriers to uptake

This project is funded by the Medical ResearchCouncil's National Prevention ResearchInitiative. The international team involvescollaborators in Canada, England and Wales.

People with severe mental illness (SMI) tend todie young from common obesity, alcohol,inactivity and smoking related diseases. Mostlifestyle interventions in this population havefocused on motivated volunteers. Building onearlier work by this research group, the studywill use a combined quantitative andqualitative approach to investigate barriers andopportunities for increasing uptake of healthylifestyle interventions in people with SMI.

The objective of the study is to investigatebarriers and opportunities to promoting uptake

of positive lifestyle interventions among SMIpopulations, in order to answer the question“How do people with SMI, their carers andprofessionals, perceive physical health-improving lifestyle changes compared to otheraspects of wellbeing such as psychiatricsymptom control?” The project uses a mixedmethodology with questionnaires andquestifocus groups (focus group variant) forparticipants in Wales and England.

Findings will inform better targeting of moregeneralisable interventions in this high riskgroup.

Moving from observation to interventionto reduce inequalities in injury

This is a Department of Health fundedprogramme of linked multi-site studies tomeasure and reduce inequalities in injuryincidence and disability. It includes analysesto provide information on the scale anddistribution, of the injury problem,methodological developments to furtherunderstanding of the relationship betweenexposures, protective factors and injuries, andintervention studies to evaluate effectiveness ofpreventive approaches. There are threeindividual studies using a breadth ofmethodological designs, including, literaturereviews, cohort studies, ecological analyses,and mixed methods designs incorporatingqualitative approaches in a randomisedcontrolled trial framework.

The Advocacy in Action Study is a clusterrandomised trial of the provision ofinformation to elected councillors representingdeprived areas with high pedestrian injuryrates. The aim is to determine whether theprovision of information on the location andnumber of injuries and on effectiveinterventions results in changes in attitudes,behaviours and the uptake of safetyinterventions. The UK Burden of Injuries(UKBOI) Study aims to provide broadestimates to help policy makers andpractitioners prioritise interventions at a localand national level. The objectives are tomeasure the impact of varying severities ofinjuries for the young, adults and older peoplein relation to: the effects on health related


is uncertainty about a treatment or course ofaction. Sir Iain Chalmers has established theJames Lind Alliance (JLA) to help identify andconfront uncertainties about the effects oftreatments considered important by patientsand clinicians. Hence the acronym DUETsstanding for database of uncertainties aboutthe effects of treatments. This work links closelyto exciting new development in HIRU (HealthInformation Research Unit).

The project aims to develop and maintain theschizophrenia DUET and to develop theepilepsy DUETs by (1) Adapting naturallanguage processing tools (NLPs) to work withroutinely collected health data to identifyquestions about treatment uncertainties; (2)extend work from schizophrenia and epilepsyprojects to other disease areas; (3) developspin-off applications for NLP to conductnarrative analysis of routinely collected healthrecords such as letters and case notes; and (4)use data-collection and qualitative methods toformulate high quality biomedical,epidemiological and health informatics spin-off research.

NHS Direct Wales

NHS Direct Wales (NHSDW) was introducedacross Wales between June and October2000. The nurse-led 24-hour service was setup to provide advice, information andreassurance so that callers could look afterthemselves, or to direct those that neededfurther professional help to appropriate care.

In 2001, Swansea University wascommissioned by Swansea NHS Trust onbehalf of the Welsh Assembly Government toundertake a three year evaluation study ofNHSDW. The study was a collaborativeproject, involving Swansea, Bangor, andSheffield Universities. In response to thecommissioner’s brief, the study was designed toanswer wide ranging evaluation questions,with the following objectives: (1) To describethe actions of callers following their call toNHSDW, the appropriateness of advicegiven and the cost implications of NHSDW;(2) To measure the impact of NHSDW ondemand for other immediate care services; (3)To describe the views of nurses within and

outside NHSDW concerning the impact of theintroduction of NHSDW; (4) To evaluate theprovision of the service in Welsh. The finalreport will be available shortly.

A MINI perspective- can the Mental IllnessNeeds Index estimate service need forCommon Mental Disorders in Primary Care

This project funded by the Welsh Office ofR&D will develop a primary care populationbased needs assessment tool for commonmental disorders. This project is beingconducted in collaboration with colleagues inCardiff’s Centre for Health Sciences Research.

Common mental disorders, such as depressiveand anxiety disorders, have serious costs to theindividual and society. They account for one inthree work days lost due to ill health and onein five visits to the GP. Around 30 people inevery 100 are affected at any time. Thoseaffected find it harder to function physically andsocially which impacts on them, their families,friends, and colleagues. As such, there arefew more important conditions where earlyaction and available services poses such achallenge. Mental health is a Welsh AssemblyGovernment priority area and the developmentof primary care services is an important aim of‘Improving Health in Wales’. Common mentaldisorders are treatable in primary care.


clinical uses. This in turn will attune cliniciansto the vital importance of data quality.

Gastroenterology Services in the UK: Theburden of disease, and the organisationand delivery of services

This research was commissioned by the BritishSociety of Gastroenterology to draw togetherthe evidence needed to fill the void created bythe absence of a national framework forgastroenteroloy. It sets out the service,economic and personal burden ofgastrointestinal and hepatic disorders in the UK,describes current service provision and drawsconclusions regarding the effectiveness ofcurrent models, based on available evidence.It does not seek to replicate existing guidance,but draws on evidence contained in thesedocuments. It is intended to be of value topatient groups, clinicians, managers, civilservants and politicians, particularly thoseresponsible for developing or delivering servicesfor patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

A systematic review of the literaturedocumented the burden of disease andidentified new methods of service delivery ingastroenterology. This was supplemented byadditional literature and routine data to assessthe burden of disease, mortality, NHS activity,economic costs and the workforce in relation to

gastrointestinal disorders. The views of users ofthe service were sought, through discussionswith the voluntary sector and through aworkshop held at the Royal College ofPhysicians in December 2004. The views ofprofessionals were obtained by widedissemination of the document in a draft form,seeking feedback on the content andadditional material. The full report has beenused as the basis of two smaller policydocuments, and a major press launch hasrecently been held.

The review has provided the hard data for acomprehensive and strategic approach to thedelivery of gastroenterological services, whichwas launched by the British Society ofGastroenterology in March 2006.

Creating a Database of Uncertaintiesabout the Effects of Treatments (DUETs) forSchizophrenia

The Welsh Office of R&D has funded theMental Health Research Network Cymruworking with Wales Epilepsy ResearchNetwork and the James Lind Alliance tocreate DUETs databases for schizophreniaand epilepsy.

Much has been written about how to find theevidence to practise evidence based medicine.Far less is known about what to do when there


The study was undertaken in 23 hospitals inEngland, Scotland, and Wales. 67 doctorsand 30 nurses took part in the study. Of4,964 potentially eligible patients 4,128(83%) were randomised. Of these, 1,888(45%) were recruited to the study.

There was no statistically significant differencebetween doctors and nurses in theacceptability to patients, quality of the processor the clinical effectiveness of diagnosticendoscopy. However, nurses are significantlymore thorough in the examination ofoesophagus and stomach, and patients aresignificantly more satisfied after endoscopy bya nurse. There was no significant difference incosts to the NHS or patients. Quality of lifemeasures showed improvement in some scoresin the doctor group, but this does not reachtraditional levels of statistical significance.Endoscopy by doctors is associated with betteroutcome at one year at higher cost, but overallis likely to be cost-effective. The studysuggests nurses can undertake diagnosticendoscopy safely and effectively. However,doctors are more likely to be cost-effective. Ifdecision makers nevertheless choose tocontinue the current trend towards diagnosticendoscopy undertaken by nurses rather thandoctors, this has implications for humanresources, training and governance. It isestimated that two nurse endoscopists will beneeded per endoscopy unit.

FOLATED: A RCT of Folate Augmentationof antidepressant treatment for depressionin primary and community care:

Depression is common, debilitating, andtreatable; one in four people experience itduring their lives. By 2020, unipolar majordepression is predicted to be the secondleading cause of disability worldwide. Mentalhealth is, like cardiovascular disease, thesubject of a National Service Framework andthus reflects the priority given to the recognitionand management of depression. ProfessorsKeith Lloyd and Johannes Thome are working,in collaboration with Bangor University, toconduct a multi-centred double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of folic acidaugmentation of pragmatic antidepressanttreatment of moderate-to-severe depression.

They plan to study the effect of folic acidaugmentation on new and continuingantidepressant treatment over three months.This study is funded by the NHS HealthTechnology Assessment (HTA) Programme.

TLC: A patient preference RCT of anadditional psychological support packagefor women recalled for an abnormalityfollowing breast screening.

Breast Test Wales (BTW), the Welsh division ofthe National Health Service Breast ScreeningProgramme (NHSBSP), offers breast screeningto women aged 50 and over on a three yearlybasis. In 2003-2004, 95,193 women wereinvited for breast screening, 82,212 attended,and 4,332 women were recalled for furtherassessment following an abnormality found onscreening mammograms. Of those recalled,83% did not have a positive diagnosis ofbreast cancer. Studies have shown that thepsychological distress associated with a ‘falsepositive’ result can be considerable. So withfunding from Breast Test Wales, Jayne Danielsand Professor Keith Lloyd are conducting apatient preference randomized controlled trialof a self-directed psychological supportpackage to women post assessment comparedto usual practice. The study is taking place inSwansea, Cardiff, and Llandudno.


Sabiha Hussain

[email protected].


However, services are often least availablewhere they are most needed. Currently there isno obvious index of need, using routine readilyavailable data, to direct the planning ofservices for these disorders.

This project will investigate whether the MentalIllness Needs Index (MINI), a score based onlocal area Census data, can be used toestimate levels of need for primary careservices to treat common mental disorders. Itwill examine the relationship between levels ofCommon mental disorders in Wales, assessedusing data from the Welsh Health Survey, andMINI scores.

Decisions for the allocation of resources canthen be made in an open fair way to reducevariations in services, address differences inaccess to care and ensure those suffering withthese chronic diseases are recognised whenplanning healthcare.

Evaluation of Book Prescription Wales

Book Prescription Wales was introduced inprimary care across Wales in June 2005 as amethod for delivering bibliotherapy – the use ofbooks as a form of treatment, in this case forpeople with mild to moderate mental healthproblems. GPs or other professionals givepatients a written prescription for one or morebooks, which they then take to their localpublic library. The Welsh AssemblyGovernment commissioned this evaluation toprovide evidence of whether the currentprogramme is effectively deliveringbibliotherapy, with a view to ensuringeffectiveness and value for money of thepresent remit with the possible expansion toother areas. The evaluation team is based inthe AWARD unit in CHIRAL, with contributionfrom CHIRAL colleagues and from AWARDcolleagues in north Wales.

The aim of the study is to evaluate theprocesses of delivering bibliotherapy throughBook Prescription Wales by: (1) describing theestablishment and delivery of Book PrescriptionWales; (2) describing the experience ofdelivering and using Book Prescription Wales,from the points of view of health practitioners,health service commissioners, and libraryservices; (3) identifying ways to improve current

delivery of Book Prescription Wales; (4)gaining an insight into the understandings ofthe various parties involved; and (5) preparinga protocol for evaluation of the clinicaleffectiveness of bibliotherapy delivered throughBook Prescription Wales (as a future researchproject). In addition to the main study, asystematic review is being carried out of theevidence base on bibliotherapy.

The study is using a mix of quantitative andqualitative methods. Methods of datacollection include a telephone survey of 400+practice managers; postal questionnaires toCommunity Mental Health Teams, prisonmedical officers, and LHB facilitators; collectionof routine data from library services onborrowing of books under the scheme; focusgroups with front-desk library staff and withsenior library managers; face-to-face interviewswith staff of NHS Direct Wales; telephoneinterviews with a sample of prescribers of BookPrescription Wales. The final report in due inJune 2006.

What is the clinical and cost-effectivenessof endoscopy undertaken by nurses? AMulti-Institution Nurse Endoscopy Trial(MINuET)

Nurses are increasingly undertaking both upperand lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Whileuncontrolled studies suggest that nurseendoscopists are competent, and appreciatedby patients, no pragmatic randomised trial ofthis change in role has until now beenreported. If the role of nurses in endoscopy isto be developed, the implications for theworkforce also need to be analysed.

The objectives of this study were to comparethe clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness ofdoctors and nurses undertaking upper andlower gastrointestinal endoscopy by measuring:(1) acceptability to patients; (2) quality of theprocess; (3) outcome for, and value to,patients; (4) resources consumed by the NHSand by patients; and (5) the relative cost-effectiveness of nurses and doctors.

The study was a pragmatic randomisedcontrolled trial. An economic evaluation wasconducted alongside the trial, assessing therelative cost-effectiveness of nurses and doctors.


School of Physical SciencesHead of School - Professor Mike Charltonwww.swansea.ac.uk/physical_sciences

The School of Physical Sciences is comprised of the disciplines of Computer Science,

Mathematics and Physics. All three departments were 5-rated in RAE2001: the aim of the

School is to improve on this in forthcoming research assessments.

The School is demonstrably research-led and is one of the University’s greatest research assets.

We have world-leading activities in antimatter research and particle theory (Physics), in volume

graphics and visualization, new paradigms for the human-computer interface and logic and

algebraic methods for the design of software and hardware (Computer Science) and in

stochastic processes and analysis, the theory of turbulence and non-commutative groups and

geometries (Mathematics). There are also growing links with colleagues in the School of

Engineering, particularly in nanotechnology (Physics) and complex fluids (Computer Science)

and the theory and applications of partial differential equations (Mathematics). Exciting links

are being forged with Swansea’s new Medical School and with colleagues active in the

environmental sciences.

The vibrant research ethos of the School is based upon the individual excellence of its staff,

and the research environments they create. The School attracts distinguished speakers for its

seminar, colloquium and public lecture programmes and is host to prestigious national and

international conferences and meetings across the range of its activities. School academic staff

are frequently invited to give presentations at leading universities and conferences worldwide.

The School is ambitious and seeks to grow its excellent research reputation. Where

appropriate we will strengthen existing areas of excellence to create critical mass and are

seeking new interdisciplinary initiatives and activities.

Professor Mike Charlton

Head, School of Physical Sciences

School of

Physical Sciences

201

ATHENA has found some surprising results.The instantaneous rates of antihydrogenformation the group has been able toproduce have been as high as 400 antiatomsper second. This is much higher thanexpected from the capture process whereby apositron binds to an antiproton with theexcess energy released in flash of light; theso-called radiative mechanism. This is curious,because when ATHENA raised thetemperature of the positron cloud beforeintroducing the antiprotons, the way in whichthe antihydrogen formation rate changed wassuggestive of that expected from the radiativeprocess. Other formation mechanisms arelikely at work, but more studies need to bedone to unravel the details.

By inspecting the angular distribution of theemitted antihydrogen the group has beenable to learn something about the kineticenergy of the antihydrogen once it has beenformed. This was done by comparing theshape of the distribution with that expected ifthe antiprotons and positrons were in thermalequilibrium at 15 K (the temperature of thetrap) and antihydrogen formation wereequally likely anywhere within the positroncloud. The group found that the measureddistribution is broader than expected alongthe axis of the trap, and we have attributedthis to the fact that the antihydrogen haskinetic energy in excess of that expected at15 K, and thus travels further beforeannihilation. This has meant a revision ofplans for future experiments, which aim totrap antihydrogen for spectroscopic studies ofits properties.

Towards the end of 2005 the team wasdelighted to hear that the next phase of itsantihydrogen work had received support forthe next four years from EPSRC. The project,entitled “Trapped antihydrogen – towardsspectroscopy” is a joint award with theUniversity of Liverpool. Physicists fromLiverpool will build the antihydrogenannihilation detector for the newantihydrogen collaboration – ALPHA – whichhas recently been approved by CERN, and

recently received its first antiprotons from theAD. ALPHA’s long term aim is to compare thespectra of antihydrogen and hydrogen as atest of symmetry in nature. The immediategoal is to build a trap capable of producing,and then trapping, antihydrogen. This can bedone by superimposing a neutral atom trap,in the form of a magnetic gradient trap, ontothe traps used to hold and mix the positronsand antiprotons. Conventionally, such amagnetic trap is configured using aquadrupolar coil arrangement, the so-calledIoffe-Pritchard trap. However, work performedin a test experiment involving electronplasmas in the magnetic field produced byquadrupolar coils have shown that thestability of the charged particle clouds will bedestroyed on timescales too rapid to beuseful for antihydrogen research. This workwas done in collaboration with colleagues atthe University of California, Berkeley, USA.

ALPHA’s solution is to use an octupolar coil,which will produce much shallower fieldgradients across the positron and antiprotonclouds. This instrument is currently underconstruction.

Closer to home, the group has built an in-house positron accumulator capable ofproducing pulses of about 100,000positrons ten times per second. The team ishoping to use the sharp bursts of positronsthat can be produced with this device toproduce bursts of positronium atoms, whichcan be studied using a versatile lasersystem. Positronium is the quasi-stable atomicsystem comprising an electron and apositron. One of the aims is to study highlyexcited, so-called Rydberg, positroniumatoms. This is virtually uncharted territory.The group also has a superconductingmagnet system that is capable of producingmagnetic fields as high as 5 T. Here the aimis to use the positron beam to studymagnetised positronium. This unusual systemcan only be created in strong magneticfields in which the individual positron andelectron cyclotron orbits are much smallerthan the separation of the pair.


PHYSICSANTIMATTER RESEARCH

Swansea physicists (M Charlton, L VJørgensen, N Madsen, H H Telle and D P van der Werf) have contributed greatlyto the international effort of the ATHENAcollaboration which succeeded in 2002 inproducing the world’s first cold antihydrogenatoms. Antihydrogen is the simplest atomcomprised entirely of antiparticles, with anantiproton as a nucleus and a positron inplace of the electron familiar to us inordinary hydrogen. This work was selected in2005 to feature in a special edition ofNewsline celebrating EPSRC’s first ten years.

In the meantime the group has been busylearning more about how antihydrogen isproduced when antiprotons are mixed with adense, cold cloud of positrons. The positronsare produced by a special device called anaccumulator, which was built for ATHENA bythe Swansea group. This instrument iscapable of producing a cloud of about 100million positrons every two minutes or so andtransferring it to an adjacent particle trapheld in a strong magnetic field at atemperature around 15 K. Here about ten

thousand cold antiprotons are waiting, readyto be mixed with the positrons. Theantiprotons are provided by the AntiprotonDecelerator (AD), a machine located at theEuropean Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN)on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland.

Once the antiprotons are released into thepositron cloud they begin to slow down bycolliding with the more numerous positrons.After only about 20 milliseconds manyantiprotons reach an energy at which itbecomes favourable for a positron to attachto them to form antihydrogen. Once thisoccurs the antihydrogen, which is electricallyneutral and so not confined by the magneticand electric fields used to trap theantiparticles, will migrate to a trap wallwhere it will annihilate on contact.

The unique antihydrogen annihilation eventconsists of separate positron and antiprotonannihilations that are registered using apurpose-built detector surrounding the mixingregion. The detector is capable of locatingthe position and time of the annihilation andhas proved useful in diagnosingantihydrogen production.

202 School of Physical Sciences


NANOSCALE AND CONDENSEDMATTER PHYSICS

The fundamental understanding of theelectronic, structural, chemical and opticalproperties of materials on the nanoscale isessential for advances in nanotechnology.Developments in experimental physicsunderpin these advances via characterisationand quantification of quantum phenomenawhich can dominate at these length scales.Work at Swansea under the direction of DrPeter Dunstan has concentrated particularlyon the optical properties of materials on thenanoscale. Using advances in scanningprobe microscopy, and in particular scanningnear-field optical microscopy, semiconductormaterials/devices and soft organic materialshave been the subject of investigation.

Using nano-aperture probes (~50 nm) alocalised optical near-field can be generatedto interact with matter and stimulate in thenear-field region of a sample. The grouphave used this to great effect in collaborationwith colleagues from the Medical School andSchool of the Environment and Society tostudy the effect of organic dyes onchromosomes and DNA. Images haveshown the localised nature of the dye bindingand the variation in light output dependent onsample preparations. In addition, thetreatments also produced significantmodification of the chromosome structure,

whilst DNA has been seen to form rigid rodsand bundle structures. Latest studies areattempting to bridge nano-electrodes withsuch DNA structures to determine the effect ontheir electrical properties.

EPSRC support has been forthcoming in usingsimilar techniques to develop theunderstanding of colloidal quantum dots.These entities have a tuneable fluorescencedepending on their size and current activitiesinclude immobilising the quantum dots in apolymer film to probe their absorption andemission properties. Significant developmentsare being made to instrumentation to enablesuch high resolution spectroscopy. Thesematerials are starting to be used tocharacterise biological materials, particularlyusing a process known as Förster resonanceenergy transfer and evidence of this hasrecently been seen in near-field imaging ofquantum dots within the polymer matrix.

The group is an active member of theUniversity’s Multidisciplinary NanotechnologyCentre (MNC), with its laboratories forming partof the central facility on campus. The MNCfunds a joint PhD studentship project withCardiff University to consider the role of surfaceplasmons in light emission from nanostructuredsurfaces. The regular lattice (or grating) ofapertures generated in a metal film are beingstudied, particularly the role the near-field has inthe resulting enhanced optical emissions.


QUANTUM FIELD THEORY, STRINGSAND SPACETIME GROUP

The research of the Quantum Field Theory,Strings and Spacetime Group is centred onfundamental questions in theoretical physics.The most important of these questions is:what is the nature of the theory that can unifyall the known forces in the universe? Thisquestion has vexed the subject for manyyears since Einstein’s theory of gravity doesnot seem to fit with quantum theory. In thelast 20 years a new and very radical theoryhas arisen known as string theory, in whichthe fundamental entities are extended stringyobjects rather than particles. String theoryseems to lead to a consistent unification of allthe known forces including gravity. As anunexpected bonus, string theory alsoprovides a new set of tools to understandanother outstanding problem in particlephysics; namely, the way that quarks attracteach other to form protons and neutrons andthe host of other particles in nature. Thetheory of this strong interaction, known asQuantum ChromoDynamics (QCD), turns outto be a string theory itself in disguise.

In the past year the group has beenstrengthened by the arrival of Dr CarlosNunez, and PPARC Advanced ResearchFellows Dr Adi Armoni, Dr Prem Kumar,and Dr Asad Naqvi.

The research of the Swansea group isgeared towards using string theory as both atheory of quantum gravity and also as atheory of the strong interaction. On thegravity side, we are using string theory toconfront situations where Einstein’s theory ofgravity is inadequate. This is the case at theBig Bang where the universe was born in asmall and highly energetic ball and wherequantum gravitational processes wereparamount. String theory leads to a newdescription of space and time at very smalldistances and promises to revolutionize ourview of the early universe. String theory isalso shedding light on the strangephenomena that happen inside black holes.At the centre of a black hole, Einstein’sgravity predicts the existence of a regionwhere space and time are ripped apart.

String theory leads to a new description ofthis singular region which is smooth withoutthe pathologies of the conventional theory. Inaddition, string theory can explain themysterious ‘information loss paradox’ of blackholes, where the information of matter fallinginto a black hole is seemingly lost. In stringtheory it is not lost but is radiated away.Equally important is the issue of how stringtheory can lead to a description of all theother forces in the universe likeelectromagnetism and the strong force. Thegroup has a strong record in relating stringtheory to these other forces. String theoryprovides a new description of the forcesbetween quarks in protons and much of theresearch effort is directed to using this newtool to learn about the strong interaction inregimes where current methods areinadequate. The Swansea group is at theforefront in using these new techniques andrelating the results to other approaches.

LATTICE QCD GROUP

The Lattice QCD group studies QuantumChromoDynamics (QCD), the theory of quarksand gluons, which are the fundamentalbuilding blocks of sub-nuclear matter. In recentyears attention has mainly focussed on howthe predictions of QCD vary with temperatureand density. Theorists envisage that astemperature rises, the particles described byQCD change from being tightly boundsystems of quarks, anti-quarks and gluonscalled hadrons (the most familiar examples ofwhich are protons and neutrons, but whichalso include such exotica as pi-mesons, eta-primes, and glueballs), to a hot dense soupcalled the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) inwhich the hadrons lose their identity and inwhich the dominant degrees of freedom arethe quarks and gluons themselves. Thetransition can be thought of as a change ofstate (or phase transition) akin to thatoccurring when H2O changes from water tosteam. The main difference is that the boilingtransition in kettles takes place at 100°Celsius, whereas the hadron/quark transitionin QCD requires a critical temperature ofabout a trillion degrees.

Because the interaction between quarks and

COMPUTER SCIENCEComputer Science was established as a field ofundergraduate study at Swansea in 1967, andthe Department now covers a wide breadth ofresearch. It offers a range of degreeprogrammes, including PhD programmes andboth taught and research masters degrees in allits research areas. The Department has verystrong international and industrial links, withconnections to other universities and companiesacross the world. Research interests are diverseand include theoretical computer science, visualcomputing, and future interaction technology –in the new FIT Lab.

The Department runs a large industrialprogramme, through ITWales(www.itwales.com), a collaborative venture,part-financed by the European Social Fund,which links the Department with the Welshbusiness community and beyond through arange of services including a Business Club, anonline magazine, research and developmentprojects and a very successful student summerplacement scheme.

LOGIC AND ALGEBRAIC METHODSFOR DESIGN OF SOFTWARE ANDHARDWARE

Swansea has one of the largest groups oftheoretical computer scientists in the UK, witha research programme involving manyinternational collaborators. Over the past fortyyears, Swansea theoreticians have madefascinating and pioneering discoveries in thetheories of data, processes, programminglanguages, specification languages,reasoning and system verification. Currentresearch areas include:

Theory of data and data-centric computing

Data are everywhere and data sets are vast.Data are collected in the scientific analysis of thenatural world; the functioning of machines andsocial organizations; the movements of sportspeople; in the files of the police and secretservice, credit agencies and hospitals; in thecustomer records of the supermarket; in thepackets and pages distributed across the internetand the phone networks; in the videos of ourstreets from CCTV cameras and satellites. Dataare a commodity. In data-centric computation theprimary object of scientific study is data.

At Swansea, research is underway on dataand developing the new paradigm of data-centric computation. Typical questions are:How do you specify and represent data? Howdo you compute and communicate with data?How do you elicit knowledge and informationfrom data? The Department is also interested inthe question: How do you visualize data? Canthese diverse types of data, with their distinctapplications, be unified conceptually andpractically? Surprisingly, data in its digital formcan be unified by a general mathematicaltheory of data based on algebra and logic. Itis a theory with profound implications, usefulsoftware tools and many applications.

Computing with continuous and analogue data

One problem under consideration is theunification of computational theories, methodsand tools for computing with analogue anddigital data. Professor John Tucker and J IZucker (McMaster University, Canada) havedeveloped an extensive and general theory ofcomputable functions on algebras, whichmodel any kind of data. Continuous data typessuch as the real numbers, waveforms andsignals, spectra, infinite data streams, statespaces, function spaces, etc., can be modelledusing topological algebras. The aim is tocreate a comprehensive computability theoryfor functions on topological algebras, fromwhich exact methods for the specification,computation and reasoning with real numberscan be derived. Recent discoveries include thesurprising theorem that there exists a single“universal” finite set of algebraic formulae, with


gluons is strong, the most reliable way tounderstand the transition quantitatively is toformulate the equations of QCD on a four-dimensional space-time mesh and thensimulate the quantum fluctuations of thetheory on a computer. Such calculations areextremely computer-intensive; the Swanseagroup uses a special purpose 128-processormachine called the APEMille. A typicalcalculation requires 2 – 3 months of running,i.e. 1017 separate operations. The group’smain achievement, in collaboration with thelattice QCD group at Bielefeld in Germany,has been to study the phase transition for thefirst time in a medium in which there areslightly more quarks than anti-quarks. Thisapparently simple extension to existingcalculations actually introduces hugetechnical difficulties, which the team hasbeen among the first groups worldwide totackle. The principal effect is to lower thetemperature required for QGP formation,although tentative evidence has also beenfound for a so-called critical point, where thehadronic vapour and the QGP are almostimpossible to disentangle. The ultimate goalis to extend the calculation to still higherquark densities and lower temperatures, in anattempt to understand nuclear matter.

Numerical lattice studies comprise anessential arm of the current programme toform and study the QGP at facilities such asthe Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) atBrookhaven National Laboratory on LongIsland, and the forthcoming experiments atthe Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN inGeneva. Nuclei of heavy elements such aslead or gold are stripped of their attendantelectrons, accelerated to almost the speed oflight, and then made to collide head-on. Theenergy densities in the heart of the collisionare sufficient to get above the calculatedcritical temperature for a tiny fraction (about10-23) of a second, long enough to form theplasma and for its properties to influence thedistribution of hadronic debris which iscaptured and recorded in the detectorssurrounding the collision region.

In the past year the group has beenstrengthened by the arrival of first Dr Gert

Aarts (PPARC Advanced Research Fellow)and then Dr Biagio Lucini (Royal SocietyUniversity Research Fellow), enabling thegroup to extend our research in freshdirections. The team is now beginning tostudy the so-called transport properties of theQGP, in particular its electrical conductivityand viscosity, from first QCD principles. Thisproject draws inspiration from RHIC studiesof nuclear collisions which are not quitehead-on, revealing that hot nuclear materialflows rather like toothpaste being squeezedfrom a tube, and also from calculationsperformed for QCD-like models using stringtheory techniques (see previous section). Bothexperiment and theory suggest the QGP hasabnormally low viscosity as a result of stronginteractions among the quarks and gluons,and hence is potentially the most perfect fluidever studied. Secondly, the group will studyvariants of QCD which differ from thephysical theory in having more types, or‘colors’ of quark and gluon (our world onlyhas ‘red’, ‘blue’ and ‘green’!). The motivationonce again is to make contact with thepredictions of string and supersymmetric fieldtheories, which suggest that the stronginteraction may be more tractable analyticallyin this limit.

For further information on research inPhysics, please contact

Professor Simon Hands

[email protected]


Hierarchical structure of systems

Dr Neal Harman is trying to create a unifiedalgebraic theory for computers from low-levelhardware to high-level programs, usingequational methods and tools for specification,simulation, and verification. Algebraic methodsfor modeling microprocessors at instruction setarchitecture (ISA) and micro-architecture levelsof abstraction, and for proving theirequivalence, have been developed andextended to pipelined and superscalarprocessors. These methods have been adaptedfor use in HOL verifications at Cambridge,where the first complete verification of a COTprocessor — the ARM — has been completed.

Higher order methods for semantics andprogram synthesis

Higher type semantic models and proof theoryare important tools for analysing functionallanguages and automatically synthesisingcorrect programs. Dr Ulrich Berger hasdeveloped a domain-theoretic notion of totalityand used it to clarify the relationship betweendifferent models of computability in highertypes. He is using this theory to develop apowerful technique for proving termination offunctional programs. On the proof theoreticside, Dr Monika Seisenberger and DrBerger are collaborating with HSchwichtenberg and his research group at theUniversity of Munich to develop advancedmethods of program synthesis from proofs,including constructive and non-constructivelogics as well as logics for polynomial timecomputability. Many of the theoretical resultshave been implemented and have beenapplied in various fields, for example ininfinitary combinatorics, computable analysisand higher order term rewriting. An exampleof a practically useful program extractedautomatically from a formal proof is anefficient higher order term rewriting algorithmcalled normalisation by evaluation.

Proof theory, dependent type theory and applications

Hilbert’s Second Problem is to determine thelimit of formal reasoning, and this has becomeone of the main aims of proof theory work.

Dr Anton Setzer has determined the strengthof various extensions (universes, W-type,reflection principles) of Martin-Löf type theory,including the Mahlo universe and the P3-reflecting universe, which are the strongestformal theories currently available inconstructive logic. A more practical goal is toapply the expressiveness of dependent typesto programming technology, in the areas ofgenerative and of provably correctprogramming. Together with P Hancock(Edinburgh), Dr Setzer has introduced conceptsfor representing state-dependent interactiveprograms in dependent type theory, includinga state-dependent monad. Dr MarkusMichelbrink and Dr Setzer have developedan implementation of interactive programs andits generalisation, weakly final coalgebras,using the theorem prover Agda. Dr Setzer andP Dybjer (Gothenburg) have developed a datatype of inductive-recursive definitions, whichallows one to analyse and manipulate datastructures — a very general form of genericprogramming. Dr Setzer is also working on theintegration of object technology intodependent type theory.

Infinite state automata theory

Verification tools for modeling systemstypically rely on models being finite. The aimof Professor F G Moller’s research is todevelop structural techniques that not onlyextend automated verification to infinite statesystems (which, for instance, encode infinitedata types), but also circumvent the so-calledstate explosion problem. Two important toolsdeveloped in this study are structuraldecomposition techniques and theexploitation of game theoretic interpretationsof the various verification problems. Much ofthis work is done in collaboration with PJancar (Ostrava) and Y Hirshfeld (Tel Aviv).

Modal and temporal logics

Professor Moller has developed variousprogram logics for reasoning about reactivesystems that have been implemented in anumber of tools used effectively in theverification of practical systems. The aim of


a number parameter n, that can defineuniquely all the computably approximablefunctions on any metric data type (e.g., thereals, normed spaces) as n varies.

A second problem is: What are thetechnological limits of analogue computation?The team is working toward a theory ofcomputing with analogue fields and hascreated a completely general network model ofanalogue computing systems distributed inspace and operating in continuous time withdata from a metric space. The model allowsresearchers to analyse analogue computationas an experimental process, develop casestudies of mechanical and electrical systems,write equational specifications of analoguenetworks, and prove theorems about the uniquesolution and computability of the well-posedanalogue networks.

Computability and physical systems

In the search for new physical foundations forcomputation and information processing, DrEdwin Beggs (Swansea MathematicsDepartment) and Professor Tucker aredeveloping a theory of functions computableby experiments with physical systems. Afundamental problem is to identify what exactlyis an experimental procedure on analoguedata, how can it be used to compute, andhow does it compare with algorithmicprocedures based on digital data. Examples ofexotic low dimensional mechanical systemshave been created that can compute allfunctions and all real numbers. Results lead toan analysis of the construction and observationof physical systems in experiments and the useof new types of programming languages toexpress experimental procedures.

Common algebraic specification language

A major achievement, involving a decade ofresearch by the members of CoFI, theinternational Common Framework Initiative foralgebraic specification and development, hasbeen the creation of CASL, the CommonAlgebraic Specification Language. CASL is ageneral-purpose language for practical use insoftware development for specifying bothrequirements and design. It is already regardedas a de facto standard, and varioussublanguages and extensions are available forspecific tasks. Professor Peter Mosses was

overall coordinator of CoFI during the designof CASL, a co-author of the CASL UserManual, and the main editor of the CASLReference Manual.

Dr Markus Roggenbach is active in creatingdata type libraries, tools and languageextensions for CASL. Concurrent extensionssuch as Co-CASL and CSP-CASL are beingdesigned and tested. As a major industrialcase study in CSP-CASL, an electronic paymenttransaction standard is being specified andtested with H Schlingloff (Humbold Universityand Fraunhofer Institute, Berlin), the softwarehouse Zühlke (Zürich) and the companyCARUS (Hamburg). Research on tool supportfor specification languages includes thedevelopment of the consistency checker CCCfor CASL and of CSP-Prover, an interactivetheorem prover for the process algebra CSP,which is developed in close cooperation withY Isobe (AIST, Japan).

Semantics online

Since the middle of the last century, hundredsof programming languages have beendesigned and implemented — and new onesare continually emerging. The syntax of aprogramming language can usually bedescribed quite precisely and efficiently usingformal grammars. However, the formaldescription of its semantics is much morechallenging. Language designers, implementersand programmers commonly regard precisesemantic descriptions as impractical and toocostly. Research in semantics has allowed us toreason about software and has providedvaluable insight into the design ofprogramming languages, but few semanticdescriptions of full languages have beenpublished, and hardly any of these arecurrently available online.

Professor Mosses has developed two novelframeworks (Action Semantics and ModularStructural Operational Semantics) that allow thesemantics of individual language constructs tobe described independently, thus providing thebasis for an online repository of reusablecomponents for use in complete languagedescriptions.


Volume graphics

Professor Chen, Dr Jones and Dr Mora arecollaborating with Rutgers (USA), Purdue(USA), Bath (UK), AAS (Austria), TUD(Denmark) and Stuttgart (Germany) in the fieldof Volume Graphics.

Volume graphics as a field evolved fromvolume visualization, and aims at developingvolumetric techniques into a general-purposegraphics technology. The group has enabled

volume graphics to match, and in someaspects supersede, surface graphics. Newmethods were developed for modelling,rendering, manipulating, deforming andanimating graphics models in a true 3Dmanner. In particular, the group members havemade a number of significant contributions tothe fundamentals of volume graphics.

The algebraic framework of constructive volumegeometry (CVG) was first developed atSwansea. It operates on solid objects as wellas amorphous phenomena, and the interior aswell as exterior of objects. It provides vlib (anopen source software API for volume graphics)with a constructive modelling framework forvolume scene graphs. Recently new conceptswere introduced to CVG, enabling the directmodelling and rendering of deformation andpoint-based objects.

3D distance fields (DFs) provide a cost-effectivemeans for modelling surface objects in volumegraphics. Following its first introduction by thegroup for volume reconstruction from contourstacks, a series of new and efficient techniqueswere developed for computing accurate DFs invoxelization, compressing DFs and employingDFs in hypertexture and deformation.

Dr Mora, who joined the group two yearsago, has a wealth of research experience involume rendering. In particular, a new object-


Professor Moller’s research is to characteriseand interrelate the expressive power of thevarious logical frameworks, particularlyinvolving fixed point logics. The main tool inthis work is the use of Ehrenfeucht-Fraissegames, which characterise the semanticcontent of these logics. Much of this work isdone in collaboration with A Rabinovich (Tel Aviv).

Satisfiability Problems

Satisfiability problems, SAT problems, are atthe heart of many practical verificationtechniques. They are also a key to thefamous P = NP problem. Dr OliverKullmann has developed general methodsfor upper bounds on satisfiability problemsrequiring exponential time, leading to newtools for satisfiability (e.g., specialisationsand extensions of resolution). The theory ofautarkies has been used to detectredundancies in propositional formulae. Newapplications of linear programming, matchingtheory and matroid theory have been found,unifying and strengthening results on severalimportant classes of propositional formulaswith polynomial time satisfiability decision.Recently, with the “combinatorics of conflicts”Dr Kullmann has opened a new area ofinteractions between combinatorics, graphtheory, and research on SAT algorithms andalgebra. Thorough theoretical and practicalinvestigations into the nature of phasetransitions and the interactions of SAT andStatistical Physics have been started.

Dr Kullmann is also developing a generativeC++ library for generalised SAT solving,combining innovative new algorithms withadvanced implementation and designtechniques, and based on his award-winningOKsolver program.

Bounded arithmetic and propositionalproof complexity

Most of Dr Arnold Beckmann’s research islocated within Mathematical Logic andComputational Complexity Theory, and hismain focus is on logical descriptions ofcomputational complexity problems, inparticular bounded arithmetic andpropositional proof complexity. Dr

Beckmann has worked on independenceresults for bounded arithmetic theories (withJan Johannsen, University of Munich) andlower bounds for constant depthpropositional proof systems (in collaborationwith Sam Buss, University of California SanDiego). Connected to this are adaptationsof ordinal analysis to bounded arithmeticthat resulted in dynamic ordinal analysis.Other research fields are complexity ofreduction systems, in particular simple typedlambda calculus and Gödel's system T, withconnections to implicit computationalcomplexity (in collaboration with AndreasWeiermann from University of Utrecht).Recently, Dr Beckmann became interested inIntermediate Logics and is collaboratingwith Norbert Preining and Martin Goldstern(Vienna University of Technology).

VISUAL AND INTERACTIVECOMPUTING

Swansea University computer scientists haveworked in a broad range of subjects in theareas of visual and interactive computing.Since 1992 when it was first established, thegroup has grown to a team of 5 academics(Professor Min Chen, Dr P W Grant, DrM W Jones, Dr B Mora and Dr R SLaramee), 8 researchers, 14 PhD/MPhilstudents and 5 associated staff members.

The group has contributed a large collectionof novel techniques in the field of VolumeGraphics, has made a number of significantbreakthroughs in areas of DataVisualization, has brought about advancesin developing Interactive SoftwareTechniques and Tools, and recently hasventured into new interdisciplinary areas ofusing Intelligent Methods for Visual andInteractive Computing.

The group follows an ambitious and curiosity-driven programme to develop new algorithmsand methods, as well as advanced softwaretechniques and tools, for computer graphics,visualization and interactive systems. It has anumber of ongoing collaborative researchprojects with scientists in the UK, USA,Germany, Canada, Denmark and Austria,and is actively involved in knowledge transferand industrial applications.


Data visualization

Professor Chen, Dr Laramee, Dr Jones and DrMora are collaborating with Stuttgart(Germany), Bangor, Leeds, Manchester (UK),Simon Fraser (Canada), Swansea Psychology(UK) and the Swansea Scientific ComputingGroup (UK).

The most significant contribution in the field ofvisualization made by Swansea is theintroduction of video visualization as a visualanalytics technique for extracting meaningfulinformation from video sequence. Recently, incollaboration with Stuttgart (Germany), SimonFraser (Canada) and Swansea Psychology, thegroup formulated the notion of visual signaturesin video visualization, developed combinedvolume and flow visualization techniques fordisplaying visual signatures, and provided a setof convincing results to demonstrate that humanobservers can recognize motions from staticvisual representations of videos. This opens anew frontier in the field of visualization.

Dr Laramee, a young scientist who joined thegroup recently, has made a number ofimportant advances in developing flowvisualization techniques, including direct andinteractive geometric techniques for 2D and 3Dvector fields, dense and texture-basedtechniques for depicting flows on surfaces, andtechniques for extracting and visualizing swirland tumble motion. Much of the work wasutilised directly in industrial applications.

The combination of the rapid development ofcommodity graphics hardware techniques andthe explosive increase of data to be visualizedraises a fundamental question about the futurecomputing infrastructure for visualization, whichis the research focus of a major collaborativeproject involving Swansea, Bangor, Leeds,Manchester, and Utah. The group proposed toaddress the complexity in managing data,resources and interaction in a visualsupercomputing infrastructure by adoptingautonomic computing evolutionarily. Itdeveloped a simulation environment formodelling and analysing different infrastructuresincluding those based on future technologiesand those that are mission-critical andunsuitable for experimentation. It alsodeveloped a prototype infrastructure supported

by an agent-based visualization framework.

The group also worked in collaboration withvisualization users in medicine, bioinformatics,physics, forensic science, and computationalfluid dynamics. It has developed a number ofapplication-driven techniques, such as fibre-bundle tracing in heart modelling, andcomparative visualization for computationalfluid dynamics.

Interactive software techniques and tools

Professor M Chen, Dr Grant, Dr M W Jonesand Dr B Mora are collaborating with anumber of industrial partners in the UK on arange of initiatives.

One collection of research activities of thegroup focuses on data and interactionmanagement, especially in networkedenvironments. To enable rapid prototyping ofweb-based collaborative environments such ascourseware for teamwork and internet games,a scripting language, called JACIE, wasdesigned and developed. It provides a numberof new language features that are not presentin conventional programming languages,including a collection of interaction protocols,built-in multimedia channels, and secured andefficient data sharing. Together with a template-based programming style, it can significantlyreduce development costs for web-basedcollaborative software.

ClayWorks, developed at Swansea University,takes a different approach from traditionalobject modelling. Instead of storing the finalresults (usually a polygonal mesh) of aninteractive modelling session, it stores thehistory of the interaction steps that have beenundertaken to create the model. ClayWorkscan produce the same results as well-knowncommercial modellers, but has the advantagethat the model sizes are incredibly smallbecause the user interaction requires much lessstorage than the polygonal models. Thisprovision of editable interaction history inprocedural modelling represents a significantstep forward.

ViSTAR is a collaborative industrial researchproject for developing a scalable technologyfor managing large volumes of imagery data.The project was inspired by a web-based 3D


order algorithm was developed for fastvolume ray-casting, which was commonlyconsidered as an image-order technique. Analgorithmic framework was proposed andstudied for a class of order-independentvolume rendering algorithms that weretypically suitable for interactive volumegraphics. A recent fundamental study on themaximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithmshowed that MIP could be performed in O(1)time per pixel by exploiting spatial coherenceeffectively. This is a significant finding thatprovides an optimal lower bound for image-space direct volume rendering.

Volume deformation and animation remainsone of the most challenging subjects involume graphics. The group developed anumber of new techniques, many incollaboration with Rugters University (USA)and Bath University (UK), for modelling andanimating a variety of effects such as free-form deformation, sweeping, splitting,melting and explosion. The concept ofspatial transfer function was formulated fordeforming volume objects as part of volume

scene graphs. The technique of volumewires was introduced for modelling skeleton-based deformation using volume sweeping.More recently, the concept of displacementmapping was generalized to accommodatecomplex volumetric displacements by liftingthe constraints on displacement continuity,direction and magnitude.

There are a great number of othercontributions by the group members,including non-photorealistic volume rendering,isosurface visualization with parametriccubes, parallel volume rendering, shadowsand refraction in volume graphics, volumemorphing, and acceleration techniques forvolume rendering. One of the latestdevelopments is the introduction of a newspectral volume rendering integral based onthe Kubelka and Munk theory instead of theLambert-Bouguer law, allowing for moreaccurate modelling of light transport involumetric media. In collaboration withStuttgart (Germany), the new integral wassuccessfully realized on GPU for real-timevolume graphics.


LABORATORY — FIT LAB

The Department of Computer Science atSwansea is building a new research group, theFuture Interaction Technology Laboratory, toresearch and develop new technologies forinteractive systems. At mid-2006, thelaboratory had three staff, two PhD students,and several open posts for research-fundedprojects were being advertised. The FIT Labwelcomes visiting researchers from around theworld — even in its first year, the Lab hostedon average one international visitor a month.For the latest details, please see FIT Lab’s website at www.fitlab.eu.

The Future Interaction Technologies Laboratory,or FIT Lab, was founded by Professor HaroldThimbleby, and seeks to make the future saferand more enjoyable, by improving the qualityof interactive devices — from web sites tomedical devices, and from digital libraries tomobile computing in South Africa.

Coincidentally, all three staff in the FIT Lab haveworked at Waikato University, New Zealand,with Professor Ian Witten FRSNZ. In this areaof work, there is close collaboration with theaward-winning digital library projectGreenstone, which has been adopted by theUN. Indeed, two of the team — Dr George

Buchanan and Professor Thimbleby weremade honorary Fellows of the Royal Society ofArts for their work on web site development. DrBuchanan has won several prizes atconferences for his work, including the ACMTed Nelson prize in 2004 and the best paperaward at the Australian Computer ScienceConference, 2006.

The FIT Lab’s EPSRC-funded Sharing storiesacross digital divides Project, led by Dr MattJones, will explore the use of advanced mobileand digital library technologies to addressaspects of the global “digital divide” problemin Indian villages. This research project involvesdesigning, building and evaluating a digitallibrary repository containing multimedia stories.A multi-disciplinary team, involving Swanseaand two other universities in the UK, the projectis being run in field sites in India. Dr Matt Jonesis also running an EPSRC network, Bridging theGlobal Digital Divide Network which willstimulate research more widely in the UK in thisimportant area.

Microsoft Research at Cambridge awardedFIT Lab a grant, to Dr Jones and Dr Buchanan,to investigate the social and informationalimpacts of displaying the searches made in oraround a place at the site doing the


virtual environment developed by the groupfor managing imagery data, and isundertaken by a consortium led by the groupand involving six academic and industrialpartners. Using the ViSTAR concept andtechnology, ordinary internet users canachieve, exhibit and manage their digitalphotos and videos through 3D web-basedvirtual environments such as galleries andcinemas. This technology not only offers usersa novel and intuitive experience of interactingwith computers, but also provides aconvenient tool for managing huge volumes ofdata in a mostly automatic manner.

Intelligent methods for visual andinteractive computing

Professor Chen, Dr Grant, Dr Jones areworking with Utah (USA) and several industrialpartners in the UK.

Inspired by the recent developments intranslation techniques for XML-basedlanguages, the group formulated a novelapproach to the automatic translation ofgraphical scene description languages usingindependent stylesheets. The principal conceptof XSLT was further extended by replacingn(n–1) binary mapping stylesheets with nindividual stylesheets, one for each scenedescription language. This approach is referredto as Independent Stylesheet LanguageTranslation (ISLT), and it dynamically establishesthe syntactic mapping and semanticapproximation from one language to anotherusing knowledge acquired from stylesheets andprevious translation. A prototype wasdeveloped that successfully demonstrated thetechnical feasibility of ISLT.

Recently, the group developed a data-drivenframework for facial aging simulation. In order

to obtain a person-specific age-progressionmodel based on an input image, geneticprogramming was employed to evolve asolution automatically by learning from exampletransformations in a facial image database.With evolutionary computing, this technique isable to infer from the input and the databasethe most appropriate models to be used fortransforming the input face. The results obtainedusing this new approach represent a significantleap from those in the literature.

With the increasing complexity of largevisualisation infrastructure involving distributedheterogeneous hardware and various displaydevices (such as PDAs and VR systems), themanagement of visualisation tasks is becomingdifficult. A self-adaptive infrastructure has beendesigned and prototyped, which usesautonomous software agents to managevisualisation tasks. These agents inspect therunning system, and then employ variousstrategies to improve the user response speed.They also insulate the programmer from manycomplex tasks such as parallelising rendering,migrating processes, obtaining user input, andstreaming output to multiple displays anddisplay types.

Because of the rapid advances in data captureand data generation technologies (e.g., web-based data collection and Grid computing),the management of data over a complexcomputing and communication infrastructure isbecoming a bottleneck to interactive visualdata mining. Knowledge-based out-of-corealgorithms were developed for managing verylarge datasets during visualization. Suchalgorithms can adapt their managementstrategies automatically based on data,resources and visualization requirements, henceremoving the burden of complex datamanagement from users.

Autonomic computing refers to computingsystems which possess the capability of self-knowing and self-management. In addition topursuing the integration of this technologywith visualization systems, the group has alsobeen actively developing autonomiccapabilities, in industrial software systems, formanaging large scale data transactions andcomplex job scheduling.

FUTURE INTERACTION TECHNOLOGY


expressions by handwriting and providescontinual feedback showing the calculationand results. The user interface adjusts andcopes with partial expressions, morphing theexpressions to correct position and syntax.Gestures are also used to edit and manipulatecalculations. The user interface is declarative, inthat all displays, even with partial user input,are of correct calculations.

If the user wrote 3 x =18, the calculatorwould immediately show the correct missingnumber, 6, in red so that it is easier to see.Then the new calculator lets the user changethe sum to one where it is all divided by 5.Immediately, the calculator recognises thehandwritten 5 and presents it formally as atypeset digit; at the same time it also re-solvesthe new equation. It gives the answer 30.Now the user might want to edit this bymoving the 3x to the bottom of the equation,alongside the 5 they wrote earlier. They canselect and drag the 3x easily... and thecalculator immediately works out the newanswer, 270.

The new calculator is faster for more complexexpressions and importantly, gives users moreconfidence in its results. The commercialimplications are also self-evident — thepotential of this sort of calculator for learningmathematics and in enabling users to calculate

and solve problems reliably that they were notable to solve before is very exciting. Hopefully,this calculator will prompt a rethink andredesign of how we interact with and usecalculators. There are also exciting possibilitiesfor its use on tablet PCs, small-screenhandhelds, and in school classrooms oninteractive whiteboards.

Apple Design Awards

Will Thimbleby also received the 2006 AppleComputers Award for the “Best Mac OS XStudent Product”, for his interactive graphicsprogram, Lineform 1.1 (See image on page 212).

For further information on research inComputer Science, please contact

Professor Harold Thimbleby

[email protected]


searching. This is obviously of great value formobile users — an area of expertise atSwansea: Dr Jones recently published MobileInteraction Design with Gary Marsden ofCape Town University (John Wiley, 2006).

Some of the FIT Lab’s work was selected for theRoyal Society Summer Science Exhibition2005. Considerable interest has been shownin this work, from educationalists tomanufacturers; the central ideas have beenpatented. The research student, WillThimbleby, involved in this project wasawarded the Vodafone prize at the UK YoungEngineers exhibition held in the Houses ofParliament, 2005. Lidia Oshlyansky, anotherFIT Lab PhD student, specialising in culturalfactors, was selected by EPSRC to attend anational ‘sandpit’ where research grants on thedigital divide were allocated.

Harold Thimbleby, the Director of the Lab, is aRoyal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Awardholder, and is developing new approaches forensuring medical equipment, whether forclinicians or patients, is safe and reliable.Professor Thimbleby wrote Press On —Principles of Programming Interactive Devices,shortly to be published by MIT Press. Thimblebyis also a regular presenter to the public andGovernment departments, and has givennumerous lectures and workshops on manyissues related to computers and society.

The University is investing in the development ofthe FIT Lab, and has provided flexiblelaboratory space, which is being used forexperiments in advanced interaction design.The appointment of further staff, as well as asteady influx of postgraduate students, willenable the Lab to grow rapidly and achievethe critical mass to establish a world-leadingreputation in the area.

New calculators for the 21st Century

One of the FIT Lab’s areas of research looks tochange the way maths is taught in schools, aswell as having great potential to improve thereliability of all calculations, particularly formedical uses.

Conventional handheld calculators are badlydesigned, unnecessarily difficult to use and

suffer from “bad computer science.” This is thestarting premise of research into new,interactive calculators in the Department ofComputer Science.

Imagine freely writing a calculation down onpaper and the paper somehow magicallyworking out the answers. Professor HaroldThimbleby and PhD student Will Thimblebyhave built a calculator that works like this. It isideal for pen-based computers or interactivewhiteboards in school classrooms. The systemrecognises handwriting, allowing users to writenaturally, using ordinary mathematics notation.

Users can write directly onto a largewhiteboard with their fingers. As well asordinary calculator sums, the calculator canalso do complex sums such as eiπ properly,solve for unknowns and correct mathematics.The system developed at Swansea actuallycorrects users’ mathematics as they write.Experiments with ordinary handheld calculators,performing calculations from 4x-5 to harderones such as 2-π gave some surprising results:only 27% of conventional calculators arrived atthe correct answer! In contrast, people doingsums on the new calculator made no mistakes.Another experiment asked subjects to answerGCSE exam questions, either using their ownconventional calcuator or the new one. Thefindings of this research were published byWill Thimbleby in 2004 (A novel pen-basedcalculator and its evaluation). Although somepeople struggled with conventional calculators,nobody made mistakes using the new one.This is a significant achievement, especiallyconsidering the safety-critical applications ofcalculators (e.g., aircraft navigation, medicalapplications, and so on).

The new calculator provides a natural,dynamic method of entering conventional


means. For white noise in time, taking thelimit in which the fluid viscosity tends tozero, a completely new model forturbulence emerges for compressible fluidflow. Here, contrary to the ideas of LordKelvin, the fluid flow develops a turbulentvortex filament structure, whose behaviourcan be elucidated in detail. ProfessorTruman and his collaborators have beeninvited to speak on these results atinternational meetings in Ascona, Beijing,Minneapolis, Moscow, Oberwolfach,Pasadena, Philadelphia, Pisa, Prague,Shandung and St Petersburg, as well as atnumerous UK universities.

Dr Eugene Lytvynov, who collaborateswith world-leading researchers in Bonn andBielefeld, works on complementary aspectsof these problems involving Gibbs measuresand infinite dimensional analysis. Dr Jiang-Lun Wu has also made significantcontributions to the understanding of theworkings of financial markets using non-standard analysis.

The above results have been published in someof the leading international journals in this field.

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS BY EXAMPLE

Dr Mark Kelbert, Reader in Mathematics,has submitted the second volume of his bookseries (in collaboration with ProfessorY.Suhov, Cambridge) ’Probability andStatistics by Example’, to CambridgeUniversity Press. The first volume waspublished in 2005, The extended Russianversion is already published (September2006) and was supported by a specialgrant of the Russian Foundation of BasicResearch. The title of the second volume is‘Markov chains: a primer in randomprocesses and their applications’. It containsmany topics never before presented in themonographic literature.

Dr Kelbert (with Y.Suhov) achieved a break-through in a field on the borderline betweenprobability, geometry and PDEs. Thisconcerns the behaviour of branching diffusionprocesses on symmetrical spaces (i.e.,hyperbolic space) and their relations toreaction-diffusion equations, which areimportant in chemical engineering andepidemiology. This series of papers is aboutto be submitted for publication. This work


MATHEMATICSThe Mathematics Department has two mainresearch groups, one in Stochastic Processesand the other in Algebra and Topology. Theapplications of these subjects extend from thetheory of turbulence in fluids and financialmarkets through mathematical physics tocryptography. The former group (founded byProfessor David Williams FRS) was flaggedup in the preparation of the recent InternationalReview of UK research in Mathematicscommissioned by EPSRC as an importantcontributor to the UK’s world leading status forStochastic Analysis research. Both groups havebroad portfolios of research activities fromwhich we present a few highlights.

COLLABORATION IN STOCHASTICANALYSIS

Professor Williams (who is best known to thescientific community for his classic text‘Diffusions, Markov processes andmartingales’) is continuing to work in theDepartment and in the last few years has hada very close collaboration with ProfessorDaniel Stroock, MIT, one of the world’sleading probabilists. Jointly they have justpublished ‘A simple PDE and Wiener-HopfRiccati Equations’ in one of the mostprestigious mathematical journals. Theircollaboration has already produced a furtherpaper. Their investigations led to totallysurprising, new insights into classical problemsin the theory of parabolic equations and theirrelation to stochastic processes.

Last year Professor Stroock visited Swansea asthe main lecturer in an LMS/EPSRC course forgraduate students. The topic of his lectureswas, however, not related to the joint workwith Professor Williams. In his latest bookProfessor Stroock elaborated on the greatKiyoshi Itô’s work on stochastic integrals anddifferential equations. When during aconference in Kyoto he and Professor NielsJacob realised how complementary this workis to the theory of pseudo differentialoperators generating Markov processes, itwas Professor Stroock who proposed such acourse in Swansea with Professor WalterHoh, a former PhD student of Professor Jacob,as second lecturer.

‘PSEUDO DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORSAND MARKOV PROCESSES’

Professor Niels Jacob’s best known workconnected two seemingly unrelatedmathematical theories: the theory of pseudodifferential operators, which emerged in the60’s and 70’s as a new approach to treatpartial differential equations, and the theoryof jump processes. Professor Jacob haspresented his and his many PhD-students’work in a three volume research monograph‘Pseudo differential operators and Markovprocesses’. Volume one, published in 2001,is labelled by the publisher as a best sellerand is already in its second print run. Volumetwo, published in 2002, gives the analyticalcore of the theory, and Volume three, givingthe probabilistic core, was published in2005. In this magnum opus, circa 1,500pages, published within less than five years,Professor Jacob has to modify the classicaltheory of pseudo differential operators in asubstantial way, giving new insights into andpowerful tools for the theory of jumpprocesses. This also led to extending someresults for diffusions, elucidated in ProfessorWilliams’ classic text above, to the muchmore general jump processes.

ON THEORIES OF TURBULENCE

One of the longest standing problems inApplied Mathematics is to explain the onsetof turbulence in fluid flow. If this problemcould be solved, there would be importantprogress in meteorology, aerodynamics,civil and chemical engineering. Theunderlying non-linear equations here areknown as the Navier-Stokes and Eulerequations. In 3-dimensions, because of thenon-linearity, these equations are amongstthe most intractable in the whole ofmathematical physics. With Dr Ian Daviesand Dr Jiang-Lun Wu at Swansea and DrHuaizhong Zhao at Loughborough,Professor Aubrey Truman has pioneered anew approach to this problem by studyingBurgers equation perturbed by noise. Thisequation contains the same non-linearity asthe above equations, but for certain types ofnoise can be solved exactly by probabilistic


about the particles which carry theinteractions (e.g., photons). The mostfundamental of fibrations are those knownas principal fibre bundles (which in physicscorrespond to pure gauge theory). Asuccessful theory of such principal fibrebundles in non-commutative geometry wasinitiated in the pioneering works ofProfessor Brzezinski and Shahn Majid. Thisis a highly algebraic theory, which involvesobjects arising from classical number theory(Hopf-Galois extensions). In the past yearDr Edwin Beggs and Professor Brzezinskihave developed a new approach tofibrations in non-commutative geometry.This new approach puts more emphasis ondifferential geometric and topologicalaspects of fibrations, through the extensiveuse of spectral sequences, and alsobenefits from the earlier works of Beggsand Brzezinski. The importance of theseresults have been quickly recognised andthey are published in Acta Mathematica,one of the most prestigious mathematicaljournals. The results were also presented asa plenary talk during the internationalconference in Cairo and in a plenarylecture during the satellite conference of theInternational Congress of Mathematiciansin Madrid (Non-commutative Algebra,Granada, 2006).

CORINGS

A ring is an algebraic structure whichformalises operations of addition andmultiplication of whole numbers and is,indeed, the most fundamental building blockof modern abstract algebra. The power ofring theory lies in the fact that, although itstarts with simple operations on numbers, thenotion of ring includes more complexmathematical objects, as it captures on avery general level features typical foraddition and multiplication. For example, ringtheory is a basis for studying symmetries ofgeometric objects (such as a cube or a ball)or physical systems (such as electromagneticforces). In seeking a better and more generaldescription of properties of rings, Americanmathematician Moss E Sweedler introducedthe notion of a coring (co-ring) some 30years ago. Although a purely abstract notion,corings have applications for example tocomputer science through the so-called theoryof coalgebras (see the Department ofComputer Science entry on Proof theory,dependent type theory and applications). Inmathematics, corings were largely forgottenfor a quarter of a century. However, in2000, Professor Brzezinski constructed newexamples of corings (originating in non-commutative geometry) and showed that


has attracted many invitations from leadinguniversities in the UK and USA (Courant,Cornell, Chicago, Philadelphia, Maryland,Stony Brook, Oregon, etc).

Another interesting direction is the systematicuse of the Large Deviation Theory inproblems of insurance, asymptotic analysisof scintillation counters in nuclear physicsand problems of epidemiology.

OUTSTANDING ACCOLADE

At the beginning of the summer 2005, itwas announced that Martin Barlow, aformer Swansea PhD student of ProfessorDavid Williams, has been awarded an FRSfor his work on stochastic processes,diffusions on fractals and local times. Martinstudied for his PhD with Professor Williamsfrom 1976-78, and it is his PhD work aswell as other results which were cited bythe Royal Society for the award. He heldan academic post in Cambridge for anumber of years. He is currently Professorof Mathematics at the University of BritishColumbia from where he commented:

‘I went to Swansea as a PhD student in1976, to work with David. At that time thework of Meyer's group in France onmartingales and the ‘general theory ofprocesses’ was only just beginning to beassimilated in the English speaking world:David was one of the first to appreciate itssignificance. (Looking back, it is interestingto recall how much longer it took then fornew ideas to cross national boundaries.)

‘This was a very exciting time to be workingwith David. He was finishing his work onQ-matrices, working on random primenumber sieves, and (most useful for me),began to write his book ‘Diffusions, Markovprocesses and martingales’. At this time healso started the planning of the splendid1980 Durham symposium on StochasticAnalysis.’

STATISTICAL MECHANICS ANDCONDENSATION THEORY

Professor Leonid Pastur is an authority onstatistical mechanics and the mathematicalphysics of disordered condensed matter.

These subjects have important applications,for example to the design of semiconductors.Professor Pastur was one of the first scientiststo give a rigorous mathematical explanationof Anderson localisation - the processwhereby the doping of semiconductors withimpurities localises the conduction bandelectrons. He has numerous research resultsto his credit and has written classic texts onrandom Schrödinger operators. Currently heis working on the related fields of spectralanalysis and random matrices and theirapplications to physics. He is a member ofthe National Academy of Sciences of theUkraine.

NON-COMMUTATIVE DIFFERENTIALGEOMETRY

Non-commutative geometry is a new kind ofgeometry, which, rather than dealing withpoints, curves etc, deals with objects whichgeneralise functions on curves, surfaces etc.According to most recent advances intheoretical physics (for example StringTheory, see page 205), at very small scalesthe physical space exhibits behaviour whichno longer can be described in terms ofstandard (differential) geometry. A new typeof mathematical description capturing thissituation needs to be developed. This newtheory is known as non-commutativegeometry. Professor Thomas Brzezinski ofthe Department of Mathematics at Swansealeads one of the most active research groupsin this area in the UK.

NEW APPROACH TO (NON-COMMUTATIVE) FIBRATIONS

Fibrations are one of the most essentialobjects in modern geometry and algebraictopology, and have many diverseapplications for example in mechanics andparticle physics. In particular, themathematical description of a motion of aparticle on a surface involves a fibration:this combines the space in which theparticle moves (a base of the fibration) withall the possible velocities (which areunderstood as a collection of fibres). Inhigh energy theoretical particle physics,fibres encode for example the information


More progress is to be expected since manyopen questions still remain, in particularunderstanding how the picturescorresponding to different primes fit together.

MEETINGS, WORKSHOPS ANDSCHOOLS

Over the last year the Department ofMathematics hosted a number of successfulresearch workshops and schools. Mostnotably, Dr Schocker organised a meetingof the Bristol-Leicester-Oxford Colloquiumon Algebra. Professor Brzezinski organisedthe annual workshop on QuantumGeometry of Hopf Algebras and HopfAlgebroids, while Dr Clarke organised thevery well attended LMS/EPSRC ShortCourse on Algebraic Topology andProfessor Jacob the LMS/EPSRC ShortCourse on Topics in Stochastic Processes.Next year the Department will play host tothe prestigious annual British MathematicalColloquium – the main national forum fordisseminating research in PureMathematics. This is being organised byProfessor Niels Jacob and Dr Clarke.

VIP VISITS

Two recent VIP’s visiting the Department wereBritain’s most decorated mathematician, thePresident of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,Professor Sir Michael Atiyah OM, PPRS andone of the top mathematical physicists in theWorld, Professor Barry Simon of CalTech.Professor Atiyah unveiled the Rhind Papyrus(one of the oldest mathematics documents inexistence) which is on loan for 12 months tothe University’s Egypt Centre from the BritishMuseum. Professor Simon was the LMS InvitedLecturer in 2005. Professor Atiyah andProfessor Simon have links with Swanseagoing back to 1988 when the InternationalCongress of Mathematical Physics came toSwansea and both are Honorary Fellows ofthe University. Although their styles are verydifferent, both are brilliant expositors ofMathematics as they demonstrated duringtheir visits.

For further information on research inMathematics, please contact

Professor Niels Jacob

[email protected]


many seemingly different algebraic theoriescan be unified in terms of corings. Thepublication of these results triggered a revivalof interest in corings and laid the foundationsof the coring theory, which is now intensivelydeveloped in many mathematical centres forexample in Belgium, China, Germany,Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, Sweden andUSA. Swansea is at the forefront of theresearch in this area. The monographCorings and Comodules (Cambridge, 2003)by Professor Brzezinski and Robert Wisbaueris considered by many to be the mainreference on corings and coalgebras.Corings have become a standard topic ofmany algebraic conferences.

Recent highlights of this area are two jointpapers of Gabriella Bohm (Budapest) andProfessor Brzezinski in which foundations arelaid for the most general non-commutativeChern-Weil theory (the definition and analysisof the relative Chern-Galois character). Theseworks combine methods from coring theorywith geometry and outline ways of classifyingnon-commutative spaces on one hand andextensions of algebras on the other.

SYMMETRIC GROUP CHARACTERTHEORY REVISITED

The 2005/06 academic year also saw thepublication of Dr Schocker's joint researchmonograph with Dieter Blessenohl onNoncommutative Character Theory of theSymmetric Group. This work has pioneered anew approach to the classical representationtheory of the symmetric group. Amongvarious other results, it contains a short andelegant proof of one of the most influentialmathematical theorems ever proved inSwansea: the Littlewood-Richardson Rule. Thisrule originated in the work of the first Headof Department at Swansea, ProfessorArchibald Reed Richardson, in the 1930's.

ALGEBRAIC SYMMETRY

A group is the structure that mathematiciansuse to model symmetry of all kinds.Geometric symmetry is an importantexample, but the concept has its origin earlyin the 19th century in Evariste Galois’s studyof symmetries among the roots of equations.

And groups themselves have their owninternal symmetries — symmetries ofsymmetries in a sense. In 1938 Philip Hall,one of the leading figures in group theory atthe time, published a short paper in which heproved a formula relating the sizes of groupsof a certain kind to the sizes of their groupsof internal symmetries. Hall referred to thisformula as a “curious result” since the proofprovided no real insight into why the identityshould hold. Since then several attemptshave been made to provide alternative, moretransparent proofs, but none of them shedmuch light on the “curious result”. Recently,by restating Hall’s result in terms of groups inwhich each individual symmetry is labelledwith a number, Dr Francis Clarke haspublished in the Proceeding of the AmericanMathematical Society a simple, but ingeniousproof of the “curious” formula. In his proofthe groups concerned are built up fromsmaller, simpler components using techniqueswhich are standard in group theory, butwhich Francis has generalised to the settingof labelled groups.

One of the most basic ways to studyfundamental geometric structures is to use theinvariant known as K-theory. The idea goesback to the work of Alexander Grothendieckin the 1960s; it was introduced intotopology by Michael Atiyah and FriedrichHirzebruch, and is now very widespread inmathematics — there is even a prestigiousjournal called “K-theory”. The K-theory of ageometric object has internal symmetriesknown as operations. Examples of suchoperations were constructed by FrankAdams, but it remains an open problem tounderstand properly the algebraic structure ofthe collection of all operations. Adams andDr Clarke proved in the 1970s that thecollection of these operations was very large,much larger than some had predicted, and inthe 1980s Dr Clarke made some progress indescribing a simpler version. Over the lastfew years, in a series of papers, Dr Clarkeand Martin Crossley, and SarahWhitehouse (of Sheffield) have managed todescribe the beautiful and subtle structure ofthe operations that arise when viewed fromthe perspective of a single prime number.


Education Role to Widen Participation, in theRodopi Publications Research Series (withHeather Pudner); Evaluation of the Step-up toScience Widening Participation Project, at theUniversity of Ulster, published by the Universityof Ulster (2003); “The value of NAB provisionin supporting non-formal learning and itscontribution to widening participation”, in:Attracting and Retaining Learners: Policy andPractice Perspectives (with Sue Pester); ‘Theyget you trying’ Swansea Skills Service: anevaluation of the project, Department of AdultContinuing Education, University of WalesSwansea, 2002 (with R O Humphreys; H Pudner and C Warren), and “TheConnecting Communities Cymru Project: usingICT to overcome geographical andeducational disadvantage” (with Rita Kop), in:The Application of Information Technology inAdult Education (ed. Artur Bartosik),University ofKielce, Poland, 2002 pp. 163-172.

Jane Elliott is the Deputy Head of Department.She conducts research into aspects ofcontinuing education and gender, includingwomen’s citizenship, the teaching of women’sstudies, social exclusion and gender, andlifelong learning. Recent research includes aco-edited volume of research on lifelonglearning in the devolved Wales (CrossingBorders: Lifelong Learning in Welsh HigherEducation, with Professor Colin Trotman,Heather Pudner and Alyce von Rothkirch). Shehas also published “Reaching the NonParticipant: why many adults do not participatein formal learning opportunities” and At theMargins of Civil Society, forthcoming). Anotherpiece of research is the City and County ofSwansea: Residencies in Action – FinalEvaluation Report (with Kate D’Lima, Anna-Marie Taylor et al) published in 2005.

Other research includes The Challenge ofLifelong Learning as a Means of ExtendingCitizenship for Women; Studies in theEducation of Adults; and “The RelationshipBetween Adult Education as a SocialMovement and the Women’s Movement withParticular Reference to South Wales”.

Heather Pudner is the Reaching HigherReaching Wider (South-West Wales)Partnership Manager. This position involvescoordinating the Strategic partnership of

schools, further education colleges and highereducation providers in the Swansea, Neathand Port Talbot areas and to deliver aWidening Participation strategy funded byHEFCW. Her recent publications include theCrossing Borders volume mentioned above.

She has also conducted research with MHouston, H Knox, H May, L Thomas, M F Lee,M Osborne and C Trotman for Universities UK(From the Margins to the Mainstream –Embedding Widening Participation in HigherEducation, (2005); Higher Education andSocial Impact: A Community Education Role toWiden Participation (with Colin Trotman),which was published in Rodopi’s ResearchSeries in 2003; ‘They get you trying’:Swansea Skills Service. An Evaluation of theProject; “The Penderry Project, 1996-2000”,Journal of Lifelong Leaning Initiatives 32, andSocial Class and Participation: Good Practicein Widening Access to Higher Education (withM Woodrow, M Yorke, M F Lee, J McGrane,B Osborne and C Trotman), a further researchreport for Universities UK in 2002.

Heather is a member of the CommunityLearning sub-group of the Swansea EconomicRegeneration Partnership and was the Womanof the Year – Education and Training Winner(Swansea Bay Industry Week) in 2006.

Dr Lynne Jenkins co-ordinates DACE’s part-time degree scheme. Her research interestsinclude e-learning and Intelligent Knowledge-Based Systems, Mathematics and adults,intergenerational learning and wideningparticipation and community learning. Recentpublications include “Net Conferencing as ane-learning tool to improve Retention Rates on aMathematics course taught by DistanceLearning”, a paper presented by Dr Jenkinsand John G Dyke at the CAITA InternationalConference in 2004.

Dr Alyce vonRothkirch has,together with Prof ColinTrotman, HeatherPudner and Jane Elliott,edited a volume ofresearch on lifelonglearning in thedevolved Wales(Crossing Borders:


DEPARTMENT OF ADULT

CONTINUING EDUCATION

The Department of Adult Continuing Educationundertakes research into lifelong learning,conceptualised as holistic in character,embracing formal and informal education, ininstitutional and non-institutional settings, ‘fromthe cradle to the grave’.

Given the University’s national and regionaleconomic and social setting, and the context ofthe devolution settlement for Wales, theDepartment is particularly interested inarticulating a distinctive concept of lifelonglearning that is responsive to individual andlocal circumstances and synthesizes educationand training.

Disadvantaged communities and socialexclusion are parts of the backcloth againstwhich much of the work is set. The Departmentundertakes research and evaluation projects,often in partnership with other bodies, andseeks to build links with other researchersworking on aspects of lifelong learning atSwansea University, and elsewhere in Wales,the UK, Europe and the wider world.Recognising that lifelong learning is a broadfield encompassing studies that focus on theformal and informal education of young peopleand adults, the Department aims:

• to promote high quality research andevaluation studies, utilising theoretical andempirical approaches, that will informpractice and promote innovative provision inlifelong learning contexts;

• to make available to practitioners, scholarsand the wider community published booksand articles, reports, papers and otherpublications, stemming from the researchwork of the Department;

• to serve as a forum bringing together otherindividuals, groups and agencies in Walesand beyond to further the research andevaluation work;

• to provide an appropriate infrastructure tosupport research and evaluation studies;

• to accept commissions from organisationsoutside the University for research andevaluation work;

• to arrange seminars and conferences onthemes concerned with lifelong learning;

• to give support to the teaching andsupervision of research students and otherstudents in the Department;

• to provide a base for visiting scholarswho have research interests in the field of lifelong learning.

Professor ColinTrotman, the Head ofDepartment, is also thecurrent DeputyChairperson of theUniversities Associationfor ContinuingEducation (UACECymru), a member ofUACE Council, acommittee member on

the University of Wales Standing Panel onLifelong Learning (USP LL) and a committeemember of HEFCW’s National SteeringCommittee ‘Reaching Higher Reaching Wider’to oversee HEI activities to widen participationin the Welsh University sector.

In 2004 he was invited to participate in across-governmental initiative, through theauspices of the ‘North South MinisterialCouncil’ (The Republic of Ireland and theNorthern Ireland Assembly), to develop anddeliver community-based adult continuingeducation and social/economic regenerationin Northern Ireland. Working in collaborationwith Dr Damian O’Kane (University of Ulster),he was involved in planning, structuring anddelivering this educational programme (as apilot in Armagh) as an essential component toconsolidate the ‘peace process’.

He was a member of the Universities UKresearch team which produced From Elitism toInclusion: Good Practice in Widening Accessto HE (1998), Social Class and Participation:Good Practice in Widening Access to HigherEducation (2002) and From the margins to themainstream: Embedding widening participationin higher education (2005). Other recentpublications include Emlyn Williams (1921-1995) in New Dictionary of NationalBiography, Oxford University Press; HigherEducation and Social Impact: A Community

224 Department of Adult Continuing Education

His research interests include motivation andsuccess among adult learners of Welsh,language planning and policy and the lesserused languages of Europe. He has publishedwidely on these subjects – a selection ofrecent titles include “Escolarizacion d’adultoscomo fuercia pa la revitalizacion llingüística:una esperiencia galesa”, El Canciu’lCuélebre: Revista Cultural Asturiana,Gaeaf/Winter 2000, cyfrol/vol. 8, 47 –52; “Welsh for Adults: A Policy for a BilingualWales?, in Education Policy-making in Wales:Explorations in Devolved Governance, (ed.Richard Daugherty, Robert Phillips & GarethRees), Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 2000, 239 –255; “Adult Education, Language Revival andLanguage Planning”, in LanguageRevitalization: Policy and Planning in Wales,(ed. Colin Williams), Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru,2000, 208 – 220; “Language planningstrategies for integrating adult learners:Crossing the bridge between Yish and Xish”,in Actes del 2n Congrés Europeu sobrePlanificació Lingüística / Proceedings of the2nd European Conference on LanguagePlanning, Generalitat de Catalunya,Barcelona, 2003, 204 – 216; C Davies, H Gruffudd, and S Morris, CynlluniauGweithredu Iaith: Gwerthusiad i Fwrdd yrIaith Gymraeg, Caerdydd/Cardiff, Bwrdd yrIaith Gymraeg/Welsh Language Board,2004, 65pp.

Jean Preece co-ordinates the FIT (Foundationin IT) project at DACE. Recent publicationsinclude “Equalities and Equal OpportunitiesTraining in Relation to Employment in Wales in2003” (with J James), which wascommissioned by Welsh Development Agencyand Equality Kitemarks in Wales and the UK:Report of Baseline Research (with J James andM Williams), again commissioned by WelshDevelopment Agency.

Dr Patrick Walters co-ordinates the PhysicalSciences programme at DACE and hisresearch interests focus mainly on scienceeducation. He also writes non-technical bookson science for the general reader andbeginning undergraduates. Recent publicationsare The New Quantum Universe (with A J GHey), Cambridge University Press, 2003, and

The Quantum Universe (with A.J.G. Hey),Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Caryl Clement is the co-ordinator of theWelsh for Work project. She has published onthe correlation between linguistic andcommunity regeneration: “Community andLinguistic Regeneration in South West Wales:New Learning Opportunities in the WelshLanguage” (with Steve Morris), a chapter inCrossing Borders: Lifelong Learning in WelshHigher Education).

Clare Woodward works as an e-learningdeveloper on the Connecting CommunitiesCymru Project. Her research interests includeonline communications, learning and teachingin online environments, and wideningparticipation. Recent publications include “TheImportance of Context in Computer MediatedCommunications Analysis” (with E.Kinsel), and“Integrated Collaborative Tools: evaluationreports” (with L Fujino, N Martindale, S Mulder,P Fahey), Her chapter “ConnectingCommunities with Technology?” (with Rita Kop)will be published in Crossing Borders: LifelongLearning in Welsh Higher Education).

Kate D’Lima is Co-ordinating Tutor forPerforming Arts, Writing and Literature andLecturer in English Literature and CreativeWriting for the Part Time Degree. She alsoteaches creative writing on DACE Accreditedand Open programmes and is an award-winning writer, with fiction published inanthologies and magazines and aired on BBCradio. Kate’s specialist research area concernscreative writing in health settings. Recentpublications include Creative Writing andHealth Project - A Study into the Benefits andBest Methods for Integration of CreativeWriting in Health Settings. This was a reportfunded by The Arts Council of Wales and TheArts and Humanities Research Board. A furtherproject was the City and County of Swansea:Residencies in Action – Final Evaluation Report(with Jane Elliott, Anna-Marie Taylor et al)published in 2005.


Professor Colin Trotman

[email protected]


Lifelong Learning in Welsh Higher Education),which is currently in press with NIACE. She hasalso co-edited a volume of research into Welshwriting in English together with Dr DanielWilliams (School of Arts) in celebration of thework of Professor M Wynn Thomas (Beyondthe Difference: Welsh Literature in ComparativeContexts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press,2004). She also co-edited, with ProfessorBernhard Reitz, the volume Crossing Borders:Intercultural Drama and Theatre at the Turn ofthe Millennium (Trier: WVT, 2001).

Recent research in lifelong learning hasincluded papers on Widening Participationand Community-based Higher Education givenat the Community University of the ValleysPartnership conference, Swansea, April 2005,and at a FACE/Continuum Conference inLondon, October 2005 as well as the Societyfor Applied European Thought Inclusions andExclusions in the New Europe conference,2005. Recent publications in the field of Welshwriting in English include “’Art can saveculture’: Welsh stagings of place in selectedworks by Eddie Ladd and Ed Thomas”, whichwas published in Mapping UncertainTerritories: Space and Place in ContemporaryTheatre and Drama. She also contributedentries for ‘Dic Edwards’, ‘Alan Osborne’, ‘IanRowlands’, ‘Dylan Thomas’, ‘Ed Thomas’,‘Emlyn Williams’, ‘House of America (by EdThomas) and ‘The Keep’ (by Gwyn Thomas) for

a new Encyclopedia of Modern Drama,2005. She is on the editorial advisory boardof Planet: The Welsh Internationalist andcontributes to the magazine.

Rita Kop co-manages the CommunityProgression Project, a project designed towiden participation to higher learning. Herresearch interests lie in widening participation,lifelong learning, digital literacy and e-learning.Recent research has focused on innovativeways to widen participation through e-learning.Selected publications include “Blogs andWikis: Innovative tools for informal knowledgecreation or technologies irrelevant toeducation?” (2005); “The CommunityUniversity – learners, learning providers andcommunities negotiating for change” (2004,with Rhysian Jones, who currently co-managesthe Community Progression Project, a projectdesigned to widen participation to higherlearning) and “The Connecting CommunitiesCymru Project: using ICT to overcomegeographical and educational disadvantage”(2002, with Colin Trotman). Work in progressincludes “Connecting Communities withTechnologies?” (with Clare Woodward), achapter in Crossing Borders: Lifelong Learningin Welsh Higher Education.

Steve Morris is responsible for the Welsh(Language) programme at DACE, includingthe Higher Education Certificate in Welsh.

226 Department of Adult Continuing Education

228 229Acronyms and Abbreviations Swansea University Breakthrough

F

FIT Lab Future Interaction Technologies LaboratoryFIT Foundation in Information Technology

G

GARCH Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity GENCAS Centre for Research into Gender in Culture and Society

H

HABs Harmful Algal BloomsHCSG Human Cancer Studies GroupHEFCW Higher Education Funding Council for WalesHES Hospital Episode StatisticsHIPNet Heterogeneous IP NetworksHIRU Health Information Research Unit

I

IAT Institute of Advanced TelecommunicationsIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersIES Institute of Environmental SustainabilityIGAPP Institute of Governance and Public PolicyiLAB Information LaboratoryILO International Labour OrganisationILS Institute of Life ScienceIMO International Maritime OrganisationIMS Institute of Mass SpectrometryINSTANT Integrated Storage Area NetworksIPPR Institute for Public Policy ResearchIPR Intellectual Property RightsIRIS Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics ScoutISA Instruction Set ArchitectureITF International Transport Workers Federation

J

JIML Journal of International Maritime Law

K

KEF Knowledge Exploitation FundKTP Knowledge Transfer PartnershipKYKNOS The Swansea, Lampeter and Exeter Centre for Research on Ancient Narrative Literature

L

LADA Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults LHC Large Hadron ColliderLUCIFER Lamda User Controlled Infrastructure for European Research

M

MDMA Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy)MEICAM Modern European Ideologies, Conflict and MemoryMINI Mental Illness Needs IndexMINuET Multi-Institution Nurse Endoscopy TrialMIP Maximum Intensity ProjectionMNC Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre

A

AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning RadiometerAHRC Arts and Humanities Research CouncilASEAN Association of South East Asian NationsAWARD All Wales Alliance for Research and Development in health and social care

B

BAMS Biomolecular Analysis Mass SpectometryBBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

C

CAD Computer Aided DesignCALS Centre for Applied Language StudiesCASL Common Algebraic Specification LanguageCCJC Centre for Criminal Justice and CriminologyCDS Centre for Development StudiesCEMA Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean ArchaeologyCERN European Centre for Nuclear ResearchCHIRAL Centre for Health Information, Research and EvaluationCHRIS Compact High Resolution Imaging SpectrometerCLASSIC Climate and Land-Surface Systems Interaction CentreCMI Comité Maritime International.CPD Continuing Professional DevelopmentCRCCC Clinical Research Coordinating Centre CymruCREW Centre for Research into the English Literature and Language of WalesCSAR Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture ResearchCSG Constructive Solid GeometryCSPT Conference for the Study of Political ThoughtCT Computated TomographyCTB Chernobyl Tissue BankCVG Constructive Volume Geometry

D

DACE Department of Adult Continuing EducationDEM Discrete Element MethodsDETR Department of the Environment, Transport and the RegionsDfID Department for International DevelopmentDORI Department of Research and InnovationDTI Department of Trade and IndustryDUETs Database of Uncertainties about the Effects of Treatments for Schizophrenia

E

EBSD Electron Backscatter DiffractionECRF European Cinema Research ForumEEG Electroencephalogram ELWa Education and Learning WalesEOC Equal Opportunities CommissionEPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilESA European Space AgencyESDC Electronic Systems Design CentreESF European Social FundESRC Economic and Social Research Council

Acronyms and Abbreviations

02 74Aarts, Dr Gert 206Academy of Wales 15Action Medical Research 97, 109Adams, Professor Mike 42, 43Adoption 122Adult Continuing Education, Department of 224-227Advocacy in Action 194After social carework 124Ageing research 123Agilent Technologies 74AHRC 13, 14, 18, 24, 27, 99, 153, 154, 155, 161Airbus UK 55, 59Airport, intelligent 74Airway, human 68Algae, harmful blooms 94Algebra 201, 207, 208, 210; and Topology 218,220; symmetry 222All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour 115Allen, Dr Steve 192ALPHA 203ALPS Electric UK 77American Studies, Department of 141, 142-145American, Native 145Anafi 104Anderson, Dr Soren 132, 135Anger management 118Anglo-Norman, Hub 13, 27; settlements 154Antarctic 87, 88Anthopology 81, 102-104Antibiotics 191Antidepressant 198Antihydrogen 202, 203Antimatter 201, 202, 203Antiproton 202, 203Antisocial behaviour 119Applied Linguistics 29-30Applied Social Sciences, Department of 117, 118-125Aquaculture 93-96Archaeology 146, 147, 149, 162Arctic 87Armoni, Dr Adi 205Arnold, Dr John 67Artesyn 75Arts and Humanities Research Council (see AHRC)Arts Council of Wales 19, 22Arts, School of 12-31; 20, 21, 31ASEAN 162Assael, Dr Brenda 152Asthma 192Asylum 102-103ATHENA 202, 203Atiyah, Professor Sir Michael 223Aull Davies, Dr Charlotte 102Autism 129Axtmann, Professor Roland 156, 157BAA 74Babí, Antònia 29

Bache, Dr Martin 68Bacterial pathobiology 183BAE Systems 55, 56, 83BAMS 97-98, 109, 186Barddas 21Barnsley, Professor Mike 81Basker, Dr David 23Baudrillard 13, 14, 15Baxter, Professor John 190Baylis, Professor John 142, 145, 156, 158Bayliss, Rhiannon 121BBSRC 96Beaton, Dr Alan 132Beckmann, Dr Arnold 210Bedani, Professor Gino 28Beggs, Dr Edwin 208Benton, Professor Gareth 132, 136Berger, Dr Ulrich 209Berry, Dr Joanne 146Berry, Ron 21Bewley-Taylor, Dr David 143Bexfield, Dr Alison 96Bibliography of Welsh Literature in English 21Bideleux, Robert 157, 158Big Bang Theory 205Bilton, Dr Alan 143, 145Biocomposites 67Bioinformatics 184Biological Science 81, 132Biology, reproductive 186Biomathematics 184Biomechanics 138; Laboratory 139Biomedical research 183Biopolymers 67BioScience 107, 109Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(see BBSRC)Blackaby, Professor David 50-51Blagrove, Dr Mark 132, 137Blood clot research 61BNFL Magnox 59Boeing 56, 74Bond, Dr Liz 96Book Prescription Wales 198Bradbury, Dr Jonathan 157, 158Brain 130; chemistry 131, 132; and BehaviourResearch Group 131; injury 131, 132Brain, Professor Paul 132Breast Test Wales 198British Academy 13, 14, 107, 141, 152Britton, David 19Brocklehurst, Dr Helen 156, 157, 159, 161Brown, Dr Hilary 23, 25Brown, Dr Rebecca 157, 159Brown, Professor Stephen 59Brzezinski, Professor Tomasz 220, 221, 223Buchanan, Dr George 215Bullen, Dr Kate 132,136


MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect TransistorMRC Medical Research CouncilMTAR Momentum-Threshold Autoregressive Modelling

N

NCPP National Centre for Public PolicyNERC Natural Environment Research CouncilNHS National Health ServiceNHSDW National Health Service Direct WalesNHSMA National Health Service Modernisation AgencyNIACE National Institute of Adult Continuing EducationNLIAH National Leadership and Innovation Agency for HealthcareNMW National Minimum WageNPR Non-Photorealistic Modelling and Rendering

O

OPAN Older People and Ageing Research and Development Network

P

PEDW Patient Episode Database WalesPEER Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and ResearchPINE Predicting Impacts on Natural EcosystemsPPARC Particle Physics and Astronomy Research CouncilPROBA-1 Project for On-Board AutonomyPRRs Pattern Recognition Receptors

Q

QCD Quantum ChromoDynamicsQGP Quark-Gluon Plasma

R

RANS Reynolds Averaged Navier-StokesRAS Recirculating Aquaculture SystemsRCP Royal College of PhysiciansREACH Radio-Fibre Enabled Access HighwayRHIC Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

S

SCA Synchronous Concurrent AlgorithmSESRG Sport and Exercise Research GroupSETA Survey of Employment Tribunal ApplicationsSiC Silicon CarbideSMI Severe Mental IllnessSoC System on ChipSTM Scanning Tunnelling MicroscopySTOP Straight Thinking On ProbationSWCC South Wales Coalfield Collection

T

TINA The INtelligent Airport TNI Transnational Institute

U

UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade LawUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUTC University Technology CentreUWICAH University of Wales Institute of Classics and Ancient History

230 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Index

Davies, Dr Ian 218Davies, Dr Siwan 91Davies, Dr Stevie 19, 22Davies, Professor Ceri 147, 163Davies, Professor Iwan 167, 169, 170, 174, 175Davies, Professor Richard B (Vice-Chancellor) 4, 60De Cock, Professor Christian 38, 40Department of Health 107, 192Department of Trade and Industry 54, 75Dependent Type Theory 209Development Studies 81, 101Devolution 157, 158, 218Diabetes 182; Research Unit 185; 195Differential equations 201DIPLE 62Discrete Element Methods 63Doel, Professor Marcus 99Domestic violence 120Donnelly, Dr Bebhinn 169Doran, Professor Nick 79Drugs, international policy 143Dudley, Dr Ed 97, 109Dunnage, Dr Jonathan 28Dunnett, Dr Jane 28 Dunstan, Dr Peter 204Dunthorne, Dr Hugh 152Dymond, Dr Simon 132, 135Dynamic Incentive Schemes 45Dyslexia 132EADS Astrium 83Eating behaviour 136Economics 33; Department of 43-8; of Health andSocial Care 107, 110Ecstasy 137Eczema 192Edwards, Dr Michael 70Edwards, Dr Sian 29Edwards, Dr Stephen 130Edwards, Professor Steven 110EEG 117, 130, 132Egypt, ancient 146, 149, 151, 162, 163Egyptology 147, 148, 151, 162, 163El Niño 83Electromagnetics, computational 56Electron Backscatter Diffraction 59Electronic Systems Design Centre 53, 57, 71Elliott, Jane 225Elmirghani, Professor Jaafar 73, 79ELWa 49, 105Emergency and Unplanned Care Network 193Employment tribunals 46Encyclopaedia of Wales 19, 20, 21, 141Endoscopy 198Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(See EPSRC)Engineering, School of 52-71; Aerospace 53, 54-56;Chemical 53; Civil and Computational 53, ResearchCentre 55, 56, 71; Electrical 53, Electronic SystemsDesign Centre 53, 57, 71; Materials 53, ResearchCentre 54, 55, 59, 67, 69; Mechanical 53; 73English, Department of 16-18Entrepreneurship 38-39

Environment and Society, School of the 80-103, 118,170, 204Environmental research 64Environmental/Energy Law Research Unit 172Epidemiology 182EPSRC 41, 54, 55, 56, 59, 61, 62, 66, 70, 74, 75,76, 77, 196, 197, 198, 210, 212, 217; NationalMass Spectrometry Centre 186Equal Opportunities Commission 49, 105Erasmus Mundus programme 13ERDF 93, 94Ericsson 74, 75, 76ESF 105, 207ESRC 13, 15, 23, 29, 104, 107, 105, 125, 128,155, 157, 159, 161Europe, Eastern 47-48; Internal Market 177-178European and Social Research Council (see ESRC)European Cinema Research Forum 13, 14European Court of Justice 177European Deep Computing Visualisation Centre 181European Particle Physics Laboratory (see CERN)European Regional Development Fund (see ERDF)European Social Fund (see ESF)European Space Agency 55, 59, 82, 83European Space Policy 161European Union 13, 54, 73, 81, 93; Law 167, 169;181, 182Evans, Dr Mark 160Evans, Dr Owen 14Evans, Dr Sherrill 125Evans, Professor William J 55Exell, Dr Nigel 102Exercise Physiology Laboratory 139Experimental health 136Experimental Medicine Unit 185Expressionism 25Fatigue 54, 136Femur, fracture modelling 68Feng, Dr Yuntian 69Ffrancon, Dr Gwenno 14Fibrations 220Film 14, 99Finance 33, 42Fingerprint technology 69Finite Element 4, 59Finlayson, Dr Alan 157, 161Fishery 92, 93FIT Lab 207, 214-216Fitzpatrick, Dr Tess 30FLAVIIR 56FLITE 55Flynn, Professor Kevin 94-95Ford, David 192France, Professor John 153, 165Franklin, Dr Michael 17Franklin, Professor Caroline 16Freescale 75French, Department of 26-27; medieval 27Fulton, Professor Helen 17Funky Dragon 121Gagen, Professor Derek 27, 29Gamble, Dr Sarah 20


Burgess, Professor Adrian 132Burton, Sally 31Business and Economics, School of 32-51Business, Department of 32-43Byron, Alfred Lord 16-17Byron, Reg 104Calculators 216, 217Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict 15, 141,151, 152, 156, 161CALS 29-30Campbell, Dr Duncan 144Cancer 182; Human Cancer Studies Group 185, 186,190; thyroid 188, 190, 191Canning, Dr Elaine 29Carbon Trust 59, 65Carr, Dr Peter 144Case, Dr Stephen 119CASL 208CeBR 41Celtic English 16CEMA 141, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 162Central Bank 46Centre for Applied Language Studies 29-30Centre for Child Research 122, 135, 138, 172Centre for Commercial Law Studies 172Centre for Contemporary German Literature 23Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology 118Centre for Development Studies 101Centre for e-Business Research 41Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology(see CEMA)Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation(see CHIRAL)Centre for Medieval and Modern Studies 13Centre for P450 Biodiversity 178Centre for Research into Gender in Society and Culture(see GENCAS)Centre for Research into the English Literature andLanguage of Wales (see CREW)Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research 93-96Centre for the Study of Text, ethics and Forms of JuristicDiscourse (Justword) 172Centre for the Study of Wales and its Borderlands 141,155, 162Centre for Urban Theory 99Centre for Wittgensteinian Studies 163Centre of Excellence in Bio-Refining 11CERN 202, 203, 206Chambers, Dr Sam 20, 157, 160, 163, 165Charles, Professor Nickie 102Charlton, Professor Mike 201, 202Cheesman, Dr Tom 23-24, 26Chen, Dr Jun 36Chen, Professor Min 210- 214Chernobyl 188; Tissue Bank 188, 190, 191Chern-Weil Theory 222Childhood Studies, Department of 117, 126-129Children’s Commissioner for Wales 127Children’s rights 121CHIRAL 192-199Choi, Professor Jinho 79CHRIS 83-84

Church, Dr Amelia 129Cinema 14, 99Circadian Rhythm 136, 183Civil and Computational Engineering Research Centre55, 56, 71Clark, Professor Stuart 152Clarke, Dr Francis 222Clarke, Professor David 99CLASSIC 82, 83, 90Classics, Ancient History and Egyptology, Department of141, 146-151Claypole, Dr Timothy 62Clement, Caryl 227Clement, Professor Marc 10, 11, 190Climate and Land-Surface Systems Interaction Centre 82Clinical Research Coordinating Centre Cymru 114, 123Clinical Trials Unit 11Coatings, high performance 66Cockrill, Dr Antje 34-36Cognition 117, 131-135, 138; Collins, Dr Alan 156, 159Colton, Professor Matthew 122, 123Common Algebraic Specification Language 208Communism, fall of 47Complex Fluids and Complex Flows Portfolio Partnership61, 62, 195Composites, advanced 67Computability 208Computational Materials Science 59Computer Science, Department of 201, 207-217Computers, self-diagnosing 68Condensation Theory 220Conference for the Study of Political Thought 162Connon, Professor Derek 26, 27Constructive volume geometry 211Continuing Professional Development 168Cook, Dr Mark 137Cook, Professor Steven 43, 44Cooper, Andrew 135Corings 221, 222Corr, Professor Phillip 132, 135Corus 59, 66, 70Costigan, Ruth 169Crawley, Dr Heaven 103Creative and Media Writing 19-20CREW 13, 16, 18, 21-22, 31Crime, youth and public opinion 119Criminal Justice Jersey 119Criminal Law 169; Justice 118, 169Criminology 117, 118-121Cross, Professor Mark 64Cryosphere 89Customer service 34-37Cyfrwng: Media Wales Journal 14D’Lima, Kate 227Dafydd ap Gwilym 22Dafydd, Dr Fflur 19Data 207; management 212, 213; visualization 212-214David & Christopher Lewis Foundation 37David Parry Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects 21Davies, Dr Arwel 169

232 Index

Johnes, Dr Martin, 152, 153, 162, 165Johnston, Professor Dafydd 22Jones, Dr Kathryn 27Jones, Dr Mark 210-214Jones, Dr Matt 215Jones, Dr Stephanie 102Jones, Professor Tim 169, 173Jones, Sir William 17Journal of International Maritime Law 171Jurisprudence, Literary 177Justword 172Kelbert, Dr Mark 219Kenna, Professor Margaret 104King, Professor Sir David 60Knowledge Exploitation Fund 192Knowledge Transfer Partnership 101Koenig-Lewis, Dr Nicole 35, 37Kop, Rita 226Kullmann, Dr Oliver 210Kumar, Dr Prem 205KYKNOS 141, 148La Niña 83Labour Economics Group 44-46Lake, Dr Cynfael 22Lambert, Dr Susan 123Lamda User Controlled Infrastructure for EuropeanResearch 77Lancashire Quality of Life Profile 125Laramee, Dr Robert 210-214Large Deviation Theory 220Large Hadron Collider 206Large, Dr Duncan 24-25Latreille, Dr Paul 50-51Lattice QCD Group 199Law, Dr John 153Law, School of 118, 120, 122, 166-179; Commercialand Maritime 167, 170, 172; European Union 167;and Literature 167; Public 167, 169; International Trade167, International 169; Criminal 169; of Obligations170; Family and Child 170; and Language 175Lawler, Dr Phillip 46-47Learning and Behaviour Group 135Lee, Dr Michelle 132, 136Left Ventricular Assist Device 190Legal Theory 167, 169Legal Wales 168, 173-175Leverhulme Trust 23, 107, 141, 137, 147, 152, 155Lewis, Dr Jill 153Library of Wales 21Linguistics, Applied 29-30Literature, English (of Wales) 21; Welsh 22; German23-25; French 27; Italian 28; Hispanic 29; and Law167, 178-179Lloyd, Professor Alan 148, 151Lloyd, Professor Keith 193Logic, and algebraic methods 201, 207;constructive/non-constructive 209; temporal 209; modal209; complexity theory 210; Lorenzo-Dus, Dr Nuria 30Los, Dr Sietse 83Low Pay Commission 45, 49Lucini, Dr Biagio 206

Lung, artificial 61Lytvynov, Dr Eugene 219MacDonald, Dr Stuart 169MacDonald, Professor Elizabeth 170Madsen, Dr Niels 202Maffeis, Dr Thierry 71Maggots 97, 109Mainwaring, Professor Lynn 169, 174MANSA 125Manufacturing technologies 58Marhic, Professor Michel 79Marketing 33, 34-38Markov Processes 218, 219, 220Masters, Dr Ian 65Materials Research Centre 54, 55, 59, 67, 69Mathematical Logic and Complexity Theory 210Mathematics 73; Department of 201, 218-223Maw, Dr James 48Maynard, Dr Trisha 126-129, 138McCarroll, Professor Danny 90McHugh, Louise 135McMurray, Professor Neil 69, 70McNamee, Dr Mike 110, 112McVeigh, Dr Stephen 144MDMA 137Meara, Professor Paul 30Medem, Julio 14Media and Communication, Department of 14Media Theory and History 15Medical Research Council 181, 190, 191, 193,194Medicine, School of 53, 61, 180-199, 201, 204MEICAM 24, 28Melling, Professor Philip 143Memory 132, 133, 135, 137Mental Health Research Network Cymru 193, 197Mental Illness Needs Index 198Merrell, Professor Joy 111Merrin, William 15Michelbrink, Dr Markus 209Microbiology 185Microelectronics 57Microstructural studies 59Midwifery 107, 114, 115Migration 102-103Millennium 90Milton, Dr Jim 30Miskell, Dr Louise 154, 162Missiles 156, 161Mitra, Dr Aditee 94-95Modern European Ideologies, Conflict and Memory (seeMEICAM)Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology Group185Monetary Policy 46Mora, Dr Benjamin 210-214Morello, Dr Nathalie 26Morgan, Dr Alex 128Morgan, Professor Gareth 194Morgan, Professor John 148, 161Morris, Steve 226Morriston Hospital 61, 108, 130, 190MOSFET 57


Gastroenterology 193, 196Gastrointestinal Tract Molecular Pathology Group 186,190Gauci, Dr Gotthard 169GENCAS 13, 16, 18, 20, 24, 151, 152Genetics 182, 185, 186Geography 81, 105Geometry, non-commutative 220George, Professor David 28German, Department of 13, 23-25Gerontology 123Gill, Dr David 147, 162Glaciology Group 87-89Globalisation 100, 156, 157, 161Gluons 199Goldberg, Barry 113Goodby, Dr John 17, 22Goode, Mark 34-36Grain boundary engineering 59Grant, Dr Philip, 210-214Greece, ancient 146, 147, 148, 150, 163Green, Professor Barbara 111Greenland 87, 91Griffiths, Dr Merris 129Griffiths, Professor Lesley 114Griffiths, Professor Ralph 155Haemorheology 61Haines, Dr Brigid 24, 25Haines, Dr Kevin, 117, 118, 119, 121Halikowski-Smith, Dr Stefan 153Hall, Dr Geoff 30Hall, Dr Katharina 24, 25Hall, John 29Halpin, Professor Andrew 169, 175, 176Hands, Professor Simon 206Harman, Dr Neal 209Harries, Byron 147Harrow, Dr Susan 20, 26, 27Harvey, Dr Geraint 38Hayes, Dr Colin 67Healey, Dr Dan 153, 165Health care 107; social organisation of 107, 111;philosophy of 107, 110; economics of 107, 110;promotion 107; informatics 107, 113; management107; psychology 136Health Information Research Unit 192, 197Health Science, School of 106-115, 123HEFCW 60, 130, 172, 224Hemingway, Ernest 143Henley, Professor Andrew 33, 38Herbert McAvoy, Dr Liz 18Herrmann, Dr Fritz-Gregor 147, 163Heterogeneous IP Networks 75Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (seeHEFCW)HIPNET 75Hispanic Studies, Department of 28, 29History 13, Media 15; Middle Ages 17; Italian 28;Latin-American 28; Department of 141, 152-155; earlymodern 141; ancient 149; economic 152; urban 152,156; nuclear 158HIV 182

Hodgkin’s Disease 191Hopkin, Professor Julian 181Hopkins, Anne 107Hopwood, Dr Mererid 22Hoskins, Dr Andrew 15Hughes Davies, Dr Lloyd 28-29Human Cancer Studies Group 185, 186, 190Human Resources, Organisations and EntrepreneurshipGroup 33, 38-39Human Sciences, School of 117-139Human-computer interface 201Humanities, 13, 20, 21, 25, 31; School of 140-165Hunter, Professor Billie 114-115Huxley, Professor Peter 118, 125Hybrid Electric Vehicles 57IAT 72-79IBM 130, 181, 182; “Blue C” 11, 130, 181, 182,183, 184, 190, 193Ice sheet 85, 87, 88Igic, Dr Peter 58Immunology 184Independent Stylesheet Language Translation 214Infinite state automata theory 209Information Systems 41Injection moulding 59Insects 96-97INSTANT 77Institute for Health Research 107, 108, 112Institute for Public Policy Research 103Institute of Advanced Telecommunications 72-79Institute of Environmental Sustainability 84-86Institute of Governance and Public Policy 157Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law 170, 171Institute of Life Science 181, 182-183, 189, 190, 192Institute of Linguists 13Institute of Mass Spectrometry 94, 183, 186-187Insurance 42Integrated Storage Area Networks 77Intellectual Property Rights 10Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics Scout 74Interactive computing 210Interactive teaching 128International Labour Organisation 38International Transport Workers Federation 38Invernizzi, Dr Amtonella 121Invertebrates 96-97Iolanthe Midwifery Trust 115IP Wales 168IRIS 74Irish America 104Isaac, Dr David 65Italian, Department of 28ITWales 207JACIE 213Jacob, Professor Niels 218, 223James, Dr Christine 22James, Dr Emma 102Jenkins, Dr Gareth 190Jenkins, Dr Lynne 225Jenkins, Dr Victoria 169Jenkins, Nigel 19, 20, 22Jersey, criminal justice 119

234 Index

Quality of life 124Quane, Dr Helen 169Quantum Field Theory 205QuantumChromoDynamics 205, 206Quark-Gluon Plasma 205, 206Quarks 205, 206QuiLL 125Radiation 190Radio-Fibre Enabled Access Highway 74RAE 2001 13, 29, 117, 118, 201Randle, Professor Valerie 59Ransing, Dr Rajesh 68Ratcliffe, Professor Norman 96-97, 109Raynor, Professor Peter 118-120REACH 74Reaching Higher Reaching Wider 224Recycling 64Red Tides 94Reed, Professor Phil 135Reeve, Neil 18Reggio Emilia 127, 128Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory 132Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 206Renaissance, Italian 153Research and Innovation, Department of 10-11Research Council UK Academic Fellowships 71Research Support Office 10Returns to education 45Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes models 55Rhind Papyrus 223Richard Burton Centre 13, 31Richard Burton Collection 31, 141, 164Richards, Alun 21Rihll, Dr Tracey 160, 162Rodgers, Dr Catherine 26Rodríguez Martínez, Patricia 29Roggenbach, Dr Markus 208Rolls-Royce 55, 56, 59, 71; University TechnologyCentre 54Romanticism 16-18Rome, ancient 146, 147, 149, 160, 161Roper, Professor Jon 142, 145Rothwell, Professor Andrew 26Rowlands, Ifor 154, 165Royal Historical Society 144Royal Society 181, 206, 220; Industrial Fellowship 71;Research Unit 180; University Research Fellowships 71Royal Society of Arts 215Rush Rees Archive 163, 164Rydberg, positronium atom 203SABER 57Sagar, Dr Tracey 120, 122Sarson, Dr Steve 154Satellite, Envisat 82; sensor technology 83; climateresearch 85, 86Satisfiability Problem 210Saunders, Dr Jo 135Schizophrenia 130, 132, 135; Effects of Treatments191Schneider, Professor Thomas 150, 161, 165Schocker, Dr Manfred 222, 223Schramme, Dr Thomas 110

Science Research Infrastructure Fund 84Security Studies 156Seisenberger, Dr Monika 210Semantics 208, 209Semiconductor 57, 58Service planning 123Setzer, Dr Anton 209Sheehan, Professor Michael 156, 160Shei, Dr Chris 30Shields, Dr Robin 94Sienz, Dr Johann 59Simintiras, Professor Antonis 34Simon, Professor Barry 223Singleton Hospital Trust 68, 98, 108Sira Electro-Optics 83Skilton, Louise 49Sleep 117, 130, 132, 136Sloane, Professor Peter 50-51Smith, Dr Jonathan 28Smith, Dr Mark 156, 157, 161Smith, Dr Richard 99, 100Snell, Professor Jukka 169, 177Snooks, Professor Helen 193Social and Epidemiological Psychiatry Group 185Social Carework Research Centre 125Social Sciences 20, 117Sociology 81, 102-105, medical 114Solar power 57South Wales Coalfield Collection 31, 164Soyer, Dr Baris 170, 171Speight, Professor Alan 43Sport, drugs in 112Sports and Exercise Research Group 117, 138Sports Science, Department of 117, 138-139Spurr, Professor John 154, 155, 165Statistics 33, 219, 220Stem cells 189Stochastic Processes 218Stone, Dr Rob 14Stray, Dr Christopher 151String Theory 205, 206Strings and Spacetime 205Substance abuse 120Sugano test 63Supercomputer, IBM “Blue C” 11, 130, 181, 182,183, 184, 190, 193 Svalbard Lidar Campaign 88Sverige Riksbank 43Swansea NHS Trust 189Swansea, Lampeter and Exeter centre for Research onAncient Narrative Literature (see KYKNOS)Swanturbines 65Sweden, financial services sector 42-43Symmetric Group Character Theory 222System-on-Chip Applications 57Systems, hierarchy 209Szpakowska, Dr Kasia 151Tawe Riverside Outdoor Project 126, 127Taylor, Professor Robert 191Technium 10, 11, 61, 169, 172, 182Telecommunications 73-79Telle, Professor Helmut 202


Mosley, Dr Adam 154Mosses, Professor Peter 208Motor control 138Motorola 74, 75, 76, 78-79MRSA 97, 109, 191Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre 58, 60-61,71, 198Multi-fracturing solids 62Multi-physics 64Multi-scale modelling 64Murphy, Professor Phil 46, 50-51Murray, Professor Tavi 88-89Nanotechnology 53, 58, 60-61, 201, 204Naqvi, Dr Asad 205NASA 56National Assembly for Wales 44, 94, 102, 105,168,174National Centre for Public Policy 105, 170National Health Service (see NHS)National Minimum Wage 45National Museum of Wales 24National Prevention Research Initiative 194National Waterfront Museum 162Natural Environment Research Council (see NERC)NERC 82, 91, 93Neurofeedback 132, 136Neuropsychology 117, 131, 132Neuroscience 117, 130, 131, 133Newton, Professor Russ 97, 98, 109NF-kappaB 190NHS 107, 111; Wales 107, 108, 113; 181;Modernisation Agency 193; 195, NHS Direct Wales197Ní Mheallaigh, Dr Karen 148, 163Nicotine 137Nietzsche, Friedrich 24-25Nigam, Dr Yamni 97, 109Nikaki, Dr Theodora 170Nithiarasu, Dr Perumal 68Noctiluca 94, research vessel 95-96North, Dr Peter 82Northern Ireland, peace dividend 46Notational Analysis Laboratory 139Nuclear, arms 156Numerical modelling 68Nunez, Dr Carlos 205Nursing 107, 108O’Leary, Dr Nigel 50-51Obesity 182Offenders, Black and Asian 119, 120Older People and Ageing Research and DevelopmentNetwork 123Oncology 185OPAN 123Optical systems 73Options Consultancy Services 101Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe105Organisational Studies 33Oshlyansky, Lidia 216Owen, Professor Roger 64Owens, Dr Eddie 149, 162

P450 184Paediatrics 184Palmer, Professor Adrian, 34-38Parrott, Professor Andy 132, 137Parry, Gwyn 169Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and Research 101Particle Physics 201, 221Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (seePPARC)Particulate media 62Pastur, Professor Leonid 220Patient Episode Database Wales 195Pattern recognition receptors 96, 97PEER 101Penguins 92Penhallurick, Dr Rob 16, 22Perry, Alison 170Peter Winch Archive 165Petroleum reservoir simulation 70Phelan, Dr Craig 145Phillips, Professor Ceri 108, 110Phillips, Professor Judith 118, 123, 125Philosophy, Department of 141; of Health Care 107, 110PHOSPHOROUS 77Physical Sciences, School of 53, 200-223Physics, 73, Department of 201, 202-206Physiology 132Placenta 189Play 117, 126-127Politics and International Relations, Department of 15,141, 156-161, 163, 165Pollard, Dr Nigel 149, 162Polymer Processing Simulation and Design group 58, 59Pool Treatment Advisory Group 67Porter, Dr Joy 145, 165Pörtner, Dr Regina 154Powell, Dr Anton 149Power Electronics 57PPARC 205, 206Practitioner Research 107, 111Preece, Jean 227Pretzler, Dr Maria 160, 162, 163Price, Dr Neil 101Printing and Coating 62Privatisation 47-48PROBA-1 83-84Probability 219Probiotic supplements 192Project for On-Board Autonomy 83-84Proof Theory 209, 221PSPICE 57Psychiatry, molecular 185Psychology, Department of 117, 130-137; applied tohealth and medicine 136; Occupational 137Psychopharmacology 185Psychophysiological measurement laboratory 117, 130Public Law 167, 169Public Policy 105, 112, 157, 164 Pudner, Heather 225Pursglove, Glynn 18QCD 205, 206QGP 205, 206

236 Index

ten Hacken, Dr Pius 30Thimbleby, Professor Harold 215-217Thimbleby, Will 216-217Thomas, Dr Gerry 188, 191Thomas, Dr Nigel 127, 128Thomas, Dylan 17, 21Thomas, Phil 169Thomas, Professor M Wynn 18, 21, 226Thomas, Professor Rhidian 171Thompson, Professor Noel 141, 154, 165Thornton, Professor Ian 133, 134ThrustSSC 55Tidal energy 65Time Series Econometrics 43-44TINA 74Todd, Paul 170Tourism 37Toyota 57Traffic Wales 74Tree ring 85Trotman, Professor Colin 224Tschichold, Dr Cornelia 30Tucker, Dr Phil 136Tucker, Professor John 207Tucker, Professor Paul 71Turbine 54, 65Turbulence 218Turner, Dr David 155Turner, Dr John 18UK Sport 107, 110, 112University of Wales Institute of Classics and AncientHistory (see UWICAH)Urban networks 100Urban theory 99UWICAH 146, 149, 151UWS Ventures 10van der Werf, Dr Dirk 202Vanstone, Dr Maurice 118VARGA 29Verstraeten, Dr Edwin 132, 137VESEL 76Vice-Chancellor, Professor Richard B Davies 4, 60Vietnam 142, 143Village E-Science for Life 76Visual cognition 133, 134Visual computing 210Visualization 201Volcano 91Volkmann, Dr Christina 38Volume graphics 201, 210-212von der Ruhr, Dr Mario 163von Rothkirch, Dr Alyce 225Vougas, Dr Dimitrios 43, 44Wales, Encyclopaedia of 19, 20, 21, 147; Library of21; European Funding Office 33; Tourist Board 37;Centre for Health 108, 110; devolved governance102; International Centre for Childhood Studies 122;Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience 130, 133;jurisdiction 169, 173; Journal of Law and Policy 170Waller, Dr Tim 127Walters, Dr Patrick 227War 15, 46, 142-144, 149, 152, 153, 157, 159-

162, 165Water Research Group 67; quality management 94Watkins, Professor James 139Wave Dragon project 58Weatherill, Professor Nigel 6, 53, 60Wellcome Trust 107, 181WELMERC 33, 44, 49-51Welsh Academy 19, 21, 22Welsh Assembly Government 11, 21, 41, 49, 62, 73,93, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 118, 121, 123,136, 138, 168, 172, 173, 174, 181, 182, 198Welsh, Language Board 13; English Archive 16; poetry17, 22; Department of 22; Books Council 22;language 51; Institute for Sustainable Environments 93,94; in Law 174; Welsh Economy Labour MarketEvaluation and Research Centre (see WELMERC); Officeof Research and Development 123Western, American 144Whitehead, Professor Maurice 155Wilks, Professor Steve 60-61Williams, Dr Alison 27Williams, Dr Daniel 18, 21, 226Williams, Dr Ieuan 163Williams, Dr Karen 38Williams, Dr Paul 71Williams, Jane 169, 173Williams, Professor Chris 155, 161, 165Williams, Professor David 212Williams, Professor Kevin 13, 15, 31Williams, Professor Melanie 169, 178, 179Williams, Professor Michael 41Williams, Professor Rhodri 61, 62Williams, Professor Rhys 23, 25Williams, Professor Richard 170 Williams, Raymond 21Wilson, Professor Rory 86, 92WISE 93, 94Wittgenstein 141, 163, 164, 169, 170Wollstonecraft, Mary 16-17Woodward, Clare 227Woodward, Nick 154Workforce 123World Health Organisation 188Worsley, Dr David WorsleyWritemedia 74Wu, Dr Jiang-Lun 218, 219Youngs, Dr Deborah 154, 165Youth crime 118Zienkiewicz, Professor Olek 4

238 Index

The publishers gratefully acknowledge the support of all the staff who have contributed their time andguidance to this edition of Swansea University Breakthrough.

Many thanks in particular to Mark Jones (Department of Research and Innovation), Professor Caroline Franklin andDebbie Rideout (Arts), Professor Phil Murphy (Business and Economics), Dr Alyce von Rothkirch (DACE), Professor NigelWeatherill and Ruth Bunting (Engineering), Professor Marcus Doel (Environment and Society), Andrea Jones (HealthScience), Dr Kevin Haines, Dr Trisha Maynard and Dr Emmanuel Pothos (Human Sciences), Bev Evans (Humanities), MariHooson (IAT), Professor Andrew Halpin and Gaynor Paterson (Law), Sabiha Hussain (Medicine), and Professor SimonHands, Professor Aubrey Truman, Professor Harold Thimbleby and Linda Andrews (Physical Sciences).

The publishers also gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr Jarmila Davies and the Knowledge ExploitationFund, Welsh Assembly Government.

Photographic credits include Phil Boorman, Ken Dickinson and Photodrome.Image of Esther Dischereit on page 23 © Noel Tovia Matoff, Berlin.Image on page 52 courtesy of Rolls Royce PLCImages on page 71 courtesy of CorusImage on page 166 courtesy of Colin Palmer, www.buyimage.co.ukImage on page 200 courtesy of Hubble Space TelescopeImage on page 206 courtesy of CERN

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