Brazilian Network and School on Green Chemistry

Rio de Janeiro, 09/11/2010

Prof. Dr. José Osvaldo B. carioca – UFC;

Prof. Dr. Peter Siedl – EQ -UFRJ;

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Falabella – Petrobras/UFRJ;

Porf. Dr. Caetano Morais – EQ-UFRJ

Prof. Dr. Dávilla – EQ-UFRJ;

Prof. Dr. Claudio Nascimento – IQ-UFRJ;

Porf. Dra. Ofélia Araújo –EQ-UFRJ;

Profa. Dra. Fátima Ludovico – PUC /UFRJ

Contents

I - Preliminary ideas;

II - The proposal -

a green chemistry network as institution;

III- Relevant information

1-Veneza meeting . 1988 Italian network. INCA

(Encontro Itália – Argentina on Green Chem. Summer Course)

2-Falabella; Petrobras Rep. in the Program Clean Tech.-UNIDO

3-Evaluation on CTPetro grants – CNSL project was considered an important seed to the Brazilian Green Chemistry Program;

4- ANP/FINEP/CNPq recommended to create a group on green chemistry looking to additives to oil industry at CGEE;

5- It was created a work group on green chemistry at National Institute of Technology at Rio de Janeiro, where the group start to meet and develop ideas on green chemistry for Brazil.

6- Workshop on Green Chemistry – November 2007

7- CGEE – Workshop – Doc. For the Brazilian Program on GC.

I. Preliminary work – Background

Environmental Impacts – new paradigm

Produção de Energia Energias renováveis, Biocombustíveis

Produção Industrial Tecnologias Limpas, Controle das Emissões, Uso de

Materiais Renováveis e Biodegradáveis, Tratamento de Efluentes,

Reuso de Águas Industriais, etc..

Produção Agrícola/Florestal Proteção contra desmatamentos, erosão,

Contaminação do lençol freático, etc.

Sistema Habitacional Processamento de Lixo Urbano e Industrial, Esgotos;

Sistema Terciário Resíduos sólidos, etc.

IMPACTS

Chemical

Processes

Productive

systems

Environmental

Environmental Impacts >>> Green Chemistry – Historical points

• Historical (William, “the Conqueror”; 1027; XXVI Century – Forest UK)

(Barry and Commoner – 1960; I= PCB; Conc. de CO2 atmosfera)

• Seniors Advisers to ECE (1971) Non – Waste Production Systems

• Club of Rome (1971) Limits to growth (Uncontrolled System)

• United Nations System Summits on Environment

• Industry - Responsible Care Principle (1987)

• EPA (1991 – 1992) – Green Chemistry• STOCKHOLM SUMMIT (1972)• RIO CONFERENCE (1992)

IPCC (1992) IntroducedUNFCCC (1992)KYOTO (1997)MDLBIODIVERSITY CONVETION

• JOHANESBURG (2002)•COPENAGUE (2009)

BRAZILIAN LAWS• Bio Safety (1995)• Environmental Crime (1998)• Urban Policy (2001)• Conservation Unit (2005)• Innovation (2005)• Biodiversity (On going)• National Commission for Chem. Safety

Química Verde - Economia e o Meio Ambiente

“THE THREE BOTTOM LINE PRINCIPLE”

Química Verde - O Principio Geral para Empresas

EIA – RIMA, Lei

A REDE E A ESCOLA BRASILEIRA DE QUÍMICA VERDEhttp://www.cgee.org.br/atividades/redirect.php?idProduto=6528

Programa apresentado na 4ª Conf. Nac. De Ciência e Tecnologia, BSB-DF

Conselho

Executivo

Núcleo de

Regulação e

Certificação

(NRC)

Coordenação

da Rede

Brasileira de

Química Verde

(RBQV)

Escola

Brasileira de

Química Verde

(EBQV)

Rede de

Laboratórios

Associados

(RLA)

II - Química Verde – A Proposta Brasileira

Green Chemistry Principles

Green Chemistry – A desirable integration

Academia &Institutions

EPA, INCA, IUPAC

Brazilian Network on Green Chemistry

Governments & Multilateral Institutions

UN, ECE

Summit, Conferences & Protocols

Industry & International Chemical Associations

ICCA, ACC, ICPA,ABIQUIM

Responsible Care

Program

National Commission for Chemical Safety

Country Chemicals

Management Profile

Selected topics

Chemical Industry Structure: Traditional versus Renewable

The Desirable Country Ministries Integration:

III – Relevant information

Table 10: Brazilian Agribusiness Performance :2003 - 2006

Source: CEPEA/ESALQ/USP

YEAR BRAZILIAN GNP

(Millions US$)

AGRIBUSINESS

PARTICIPATION

(%)

2003 506,784 30.6

2004 603,993 29.9

2005 795,924 27.9

2006 1,067,600

Table 11: External Sales of the Brazilian Agribusiness Main

Exports Products (Period: May/2004 - Abril/2005)

EXPORTED PRODUCTS (%)

Coffee 5,9

Fruits Juice 2,9

Leather 3,5

Leather Derivates 4,1

Sugar 7,5

Cellulose and Paper 7,5

Soya Complex 24,5

Meat 16,5

Tobacco’s and Cigarettes raw material 3,6

Wood and byproducts 7,9

Other 16,1

Total 100,0

Source: Ministry of Agro-Husbandry [50]

Table 12: Data on the External Sales of Brazilian Fruit

Years US $ Millions

2004 375.0

2003 335.3

2002 241.0

70th decade 50.0

Source: Reference [51]

Table 13: Brazilian Bio-Products Exports Aiming at Pharmaceutical Purposes

REFERRED

ITEM

2003

US$ FOB

2004

US$ FOB

2005

US$ FOB

2006

US$ FOB

Seeds, fruits, grains, plants,

straw, etc…

4.338.706.231 5.473.852.451 5.425.243.422 5.753.768.853

Gums, resins, juices and

vegetable extracts

39.118.791 39.356.615 46.618.043 47.447.575

Organic Chemical Products 1.305.512.025 1.542.534.203 1.916.911.146 2.116.368.714

Pharmaceutical Products 280.748.997 352.619.366 474.494.467 622.128.690

Starches like materials and

enzymes

149.560.676 180.946.631 194.787.149 220.645.966

Total 6.113.646.720 7.589.309.266 8.058.054.227 8.760.359.798

Source: Reference [52]

Figure 2: Brazilian PIB Percentage Distribution in the Agribusiness Chain (3003)

Table 8: Sectors World Wide Sales Products Based in Bioresources

SECTORSMINIMUM

(US $ Billions)

MAXIMUM

(US $ Billions)

Pharmaceutical 75 150

Medical Botanic 20 40

Agricultural Seeds 300 450

Ornamental Horticulture 16 19

Pesticides 0.6 3

Cosmetics 2.6 2.8

Industrial Enzymes 60 120

Total 474.2 784.8

Source: K.Kate and L.Sarah [42]

Table 6: Annual Number of Country Hot Spots by Brazilian Regions

(Data obtained in the period of June to December)

941256771Federal District

65,49979,95143,13733,362Center-west

5,2112,6551,7243,972South

15,80212,4947,1469,865Southeast

68,34459,45545,12424,645Northeast

58,13377,98848,57732,278North

212,989232,543145,708104,122Brazil

2003200220012000

ANNUAL NUMBER OF COUNTRY HOT SPOTSBRAZILIAN

GREAT REGIONS

Source: IBGE [25]

4.1 General Environmental Considerations

Table 3. Total Carbon Emissions by Economic Sectors (Gg /year); (1994 – 2005)

SECTORS 1994 % 2005 %

Energetic 7,602 12,0 15,278 12,0

Residential 4,152 7,0 4,207 7,0

Commercial & Public 947 2,0 984 2,0

Agro husbandry 3,415 6,0 4037 6,0

Transports 25,423 40,0 36,876 40,0

Industrial 19,698 31,0 27,801 31,0

Non-Energetic Consu. 1,738 3,0 1,940 3,0

Total 62,975 100,0 91123 100,0

Source: Ministry of Science and Technology [30]

Table 4: Percentage Emissions of Some Industrial Sectors(1996)

SECTORS DBO SS SO2 NO2 CO COV

Non – Metallic Minerals 0.1 0.1 9.8 12.0 1.5 1.3

Metalwork 0.1 81.6 19.2 15.5 33.2 6.9

Non-Iron Metallurgy 13.2 8.3 19.2 1.2 9.9 1.9

Paper and Graphics 26.9 4.0 5.6 5.8 7.1 4.0

Chemicals and

Petrochemicals

23.3 2.8 33.8 46.2 41.5 57.6

Milk Manufacture and

Dairy

23.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Vegetable Oil Refining 0.7 0.0 4.0 2.7 0.4 300

Other Sectors 12.0 3.1 8.4 16.5 6.4 25.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source: Reference [31]

Table 5: Amount of Solid Residue Collected According to its Final Destination

78.82,021.921.2545.32,567.2Federal District

55.67,954.844.46341.714,296.0Center-west

53.410,618.946.69,255.919,874.0South

57.581,428.542.560,188.3141,616.8Southeast

63.426,338.836.615,219.041,557.8Northeast

86,69,585.213.41,431.911,067.1North

59.5135,926.240.592,466.8228, 413.0Brazil

INADEQUATE

TOTAL RELATIVE

Ton/Day (%)

ADEQUATE

TOTAL RELATIVE

Ton/Day (%)

TOTAL

COLLECTD

(Ton/Day)

BRAZILIAN

GREAT REGIONS

Source: IBGE [25]

4. - Agribusiness and the Green Chemistry

4.1 Agribusiness in Latin America

• Agriculture represents 30% of GNP in Africa, South Asia; and 20% in East Asia & Pacific; and about 10% in Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean.

• Agricultural products account for 30% of exports in Africa, Latin America & Caribbean; about 20% in South Asia and East Asia & Pacific, and 5% in Middle East & North Africa;

• Rural people make up 70% of total population in South Asia, Africa and East Asia & Pacific; about 50% in Middle East & North Africa; and about 30% in Central Asia, Latin America & Caribbean.

World Bank vision to action [39]

Table 8: Sectors World Wide Sales Products Based in Bioresources

SECTORSMINIMUM

(US $ Billions)

MAXIMUM

(US $ Billions)

Pharmaceutical 75 150

Medical Botanic 20 40

Agricultural Seeds 300 450

Ornamental Horticulture 16 19

Pesticides 0.6 3

Cosmetics 2.6 2.8

Industrial Enzymes 60 120

Total 474.2 784.8

Source: K.Kate and L.Sarah [42]

Table 6: Annual Number of Country Hot Spots by Brazilian Regions

(Data obtained in the period of June to December)

941256771Federal District

65,49979,95143,13733,362Center-west

5,2112,6551,7243,972South

15,80212,4947,1469,865Southeast

68,34459,45545,12424,645Northeast

58,13377,98848,57732,278North

212,989232,543145,708104,122Brazil

2003200220012000

ANNUAL NUMBER OF COUNTRY HOT SPOTSBRAZILIAN

GREAT REGIONS

Source: IBGE [25]

Table 7: Data on Domestic Wastewater Generated and Treated in Brazil

58.4161,537279,838Federal District

51.1338,224661,804Center-west

46.2463,4761,002,832South

27.23,059,34911,249,344Southeast

78.31,248,5951,595,358Northeast

45.327,52760,741North

35.35,137,17114,570,079Brazil

(%)TOTAL (m3)

DAILY TREATED VOLUMEDAILY TOTAL

VOLUME

GENERATED (M3)

BRAZIL AND

BRAZILIAN

REGIONS

Source: IBGE [25]

4. - Agribusiness and the Green Chemistry

4.1 Agribusiness in Latin America

• Agriculture represents 30% of GNP in Africa, South Asia; and 20% in East Asia & Pacific; and about 10% in Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean.

• Agricultural products account for 30% of exports in Africa, Latin America & Caribbean; about 20% in South Asia and East Asia & Pacific, and 5% in Middle East & North Africa;

• Rural people make up 70% of total population in South Asia, Africa and East Asia & Pacific; about 50% in Middle East & North Africa; and about 30% in Central Asia, Latin America & Caribbean.

World Bank vision to action [39]

Table 8: Sectors World Wide Sales Products Based in Bioresources

SECTORSMINIMUM

(US $ Billions)

MAXIMUM

(US $ Billions)

Pharmaceutical 75 150

Medical Botanic 20 40

Agricultural Seeds 300 450

Ornamental Horticulture 16 19

Pesticides 0.6 3

Cosmetics 2.6 2.8

Industrial Enzymes 60 120

Total 474.2 784.8

Source: K.Kate and L.Sarah [42]

Table 9: Trade of Vegetable Species inside Producers Regions

Country and/or Region Species Number

Brazil 57,000

Colombia 45,000

Venezuela 24,000

Mexico 18,000

Peru 18,000

Australia 26,000

United States & South Africa 22,000

Indonesia 18,000

Europe 12,000

Japan 3,000

Source: Fernandes, L.R.R.M.V. [40]

Table 10: Brazilian Agribusiness Performance :2003 - 2006

Source: CEPEA/ESALQ/USP

YEAR BRAZILIAN GNP

(Millions US$)

AGRIBUSINESS

PARTICIPATION

(%)

2003 506,784 30.6

2004 603,993 29.9

2005 795,924 27.9

2006 1,067,600

Table 11: External Sales of the Brazilian Agribusiness Main

Exports Products (Period: May/2004 - Abril/2005)

EXPORTED PRODUCTS (%)

Coffee 5,9

Fruits Juice 2,9

Leather 3,5

Leather Derivates 4,1

Sugar 7,5

Cellulose and Paper 7,5

Soya Complex 24,5

Meat 16,5

Tobacco’s and Cigarettes raw material 3,6

Wood and byproducts 7,9

Other 16,1

Total 100,0

Source: Ministry of Agro-Husbandry [50]

Table 12: Data on the External Sales of Brazilian Fruit

Years US $ Millions

2004 375.0

2003 335.3

2002 241.0

70th decade 50.0

Source: Reference [51]

Table 13: Brazilian Bio-Products Exports Aiming at Pharmaceutical Purposes

REFERRED

ITEM

2003

US$ FOB

2004

US$ FOB

2005

US$ FOB

2006

US$ FOB

Seeds, fruits, grains, plants,

straw, etc…

4.338.706.231 5.473.852.451 5.425.243.422 5.753.768.853

Gums, resins, juices and

vegetable extracts

39.118.791 39.356.615 46.618.043 47.447.575

Organic Chemical Products 1.305.512.025 1.542.534.203 1.916.911.146 2.116.368.714

Pharmaceutical Products 280.748.997 352.619.366 474.494.467 622.128.690

Starches like materials and

enzymes

149.560.676 180.946.631 194.787.149 220.645.966

Total 6.113.646.720 7.589.309.266 8.058.054.227 8.760.359.798

Source: Reference [52]

Figure 2: Brazilian PIB Percentage Distribution in the Agribusiness Chain (3003)

4.1. Brazilian Chemical Industry

Table 14: Worldwide Chemical Industry Ranking - 2003

GNP

RANKING

CHEMICAL

RANK

COUNTRY CHEMICAL SALES

(US$ Billions)

1 1 USA 458

2 2 Japan 201

3 3 Germany 154

7 4 China 118

5 5 France 99

6 6 Italy 74

14 7 South Coreia 60

4 8 United Kingdom 55

18 9 Belgium 50

12 10 Brazil 45

Source: Reference [65]

Table 16: Chemical Dependence of the Fine Chemicals

SECTOR

IMPORTATION (US$ millions)

2002 2003 2004

Additives ND ND ND

Aroma & Fragrances ND ND ND

Catalysts 51.938 65.948 82.353

Dyes & Pigments 131.128 130.899 163.134

Agricultural Defensives 725.180 931.037 1.463.926

Animal Defensives ND ND ND

Pharmaceuticals 863.400 886.000 1.085.000

Medicines 1.527.817 1.512.266 1.784.802

TOTAL 3.299.463 3.526.150 4.579.215 Source: ABIFINA [67]

• Basic chemical products represent the most important segment of the chemical industry. Economically, they are characterized by its low add-value;

• The total sales of the chemical sector is about 81.6 billions of US$ in 2006, and shows a an annual increase rate of about 6.1%;

• Each of these sectors shows a smoothly increasing in its sales in the period analyzed, which performance depend on their own characteristics;

• In contrast to the basic products, the others sectors shows a small contributions, but fortunately they have expressive add value and are intensive in knowledge;

Comments on Table 15:

Table 15: Net Sales Evolution of Brazilian Chemical Industry´s

(US$ billions)

SEGMENTS 1990 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006%

a.a.

Chemical

products for

industrial use

19.0 19.2 19.9 18.5 22.8 19.4 24.1 33.0 39,4 45.4 5.6

Pharmaceutical

products

2.7 5.0 7.6 8.7 6.7 5.2 5.6 6.8 9.2 10.9 9,1

Perfumes and

cosmetics

1.6 2.4 4.2 4.3 3.4 2.8 3.1 3.9 5.5 6.9 9,6

Fertilizers 2.3 2.2 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.3 4.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 5,7

Soaps and

detergents (1)

2.0 2.0 2.8 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.7 3.9 4.6 5,3

Crop Protection 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 2.5 1.9 3.4 4.9 4.2 3.9 8,2

Paints and

varnishes

1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.1 1,3

Others 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 3,2

TOTAL 31.8 35.6 42.8 43.8 43.6 37.3 45.5 60.2 71.6 81.6 6,1

Source: ABIQUIM [66]

Table 7: Data on Domestic Wastewater Generated and Treated in Brazil

58.4161,537279,838Federal District

51.1338,224661,804Center-west

46.2463,4761,002,832South

27.23,059,34911,249,344Southeast

78.31,248,5951,595,358Northeast

45.327,52760,741North

35.35,137,17114,570,079Brazil

(%)TOTAL (m3)

DAILY TREATED VOLUMEDAILY TOTAL

VOLUME

GENERATED (M3)

BRAZIL AND

BRAZILIAN

REGIONS

Source: IBGE [25]