brainbased-learning-1207071173838260-5

8/9/2019 brainbased-learning-1207071173838260-5

1/18

Brain Based LearningBrain Based Learning

Educational PsychologyEducational Psychology


2/18

The Cognitive RevolutionThe Cognitive Revolution

New technologiesNew technologies

have replacedhave replaced

BehavioralBehavioral

Psychology withPsychology withCognitiveCognitive

Psychology basedPsychology based

uponupon

NeuroscienceNeuroscience


3/18

The Cognitive RevolutionThe Cognitive Revolution

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) EEG (electroencephalogram)EEG (electroencephalogram)

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

Patient

drinks

radioactive

glucose

PET shows

glucoseactivity in

active areas

of the brain


4/18

Looking at the anatomy of theLooking at the anatomy of the

brainbrain

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain


5/18

Evolution of the BrainEvolution of the Brain

Carl SaganCarl Sagan --19901990


6/18

Brain PlasticityBrain Plasticity

Human Brains areHuman Brains are

neural networksneural networks

acting as complexacting as complex

systemssystems AdaptiveAdaptive

NonNon--linearlinear

SelfSelf--OrganizingOrganizing


7/18

We know that learning is a matter of making connections

We know that learning is a matter of making connectionsbetween brain cells and that the experiences our studentbetween brain cells and that the experiences our student

have shape their brains. Obviously we dohave shape their brains. Obviously we do learn fromlearn from

reading and hearingreading and hearingbut thebut the strongest connections arestrongest connections are

often made through concrete experienceoften made through concrete experience-- interactionsinteractions

with our environmentwith our environment. Which do you think would make. Which do you think would make

the most lasting changes in the brain, reading about anthe most lasting changes in the brain, reading about an

experiment someone conducted, or performing theexperiment someone conducted, or performing the

experiment yourself?experiment yourself?

Pat Wolfe Ed. DPat Wolfe Ed. D


8/18

There are two types of brain cellsThere are two types of brain cells Glial (Greek for glue) have no cell bodyGlial (Greek for glue) have no cell body

The brain has approximately 1 trillionThe brain has approximately 1 trillion

Neurons ( Greek for bowstring)Neurons ( Greek for bowstring) The brain has approximately 100 billionThe brain has approximately 100 billion

Neurons are made up of a cell body, dendritesNeurons are made up of a cell body, dendritesand axons.and axons. They are responsible for information processing byThey are responsible for information processing by

converting chemical and electrical cells back andconverting chemical and electrical cells back andforthforth


9/18

ow e ra n earns anow e ra n earns an

RemembersRemembers Neurons are constantly firing, integrating, andNeurons are constantly firing, integrating, and

generating new informationgenerating new information Stimulation creates new dendritesStimulation creates new dendrites

Axons grow to connect with other dentritesAxons grow to connect with other dentrites

Well used axons develop a fatty sheath ofWell used axons develop a fatty sheath ofmyelinmyelin


10/18

How The Brain Learns andHow The Brain Learns and

RemembersRemembers

Film ClipFilm Clip


11/18

ow e ra n earns anow e ra n earns an

RemembersRemembers


12/18

Brain DevelopmentBrain Development

During the developmentDuring the development

process, the wiringprocess, the wiring

diagram of the brain isdiagram of the brain is

created through thecreated through the

formation of synapses.formation of synapses.

Synaptic connections areSynaptic connections are

added in two basic ways:added in two basic ways:

Overproduction andOverproduction andPruningPruning

Growth of newGrowth of new

synapsessynapses


13/18


Overproduction and PruningOverproduction and Pruning

occurs at different rates and inoccurs at different rates and in

different parts of the braindifferent parts of the brain

visual cortexvisual cortex-- more synapses at 6more synapses at 6

months than as an adultmonths than as an adult

in the case of deprivation fromin the case of deprivation from

birth, one eye takes over.birth, one eye takes over.

After the critical period, theAfter the critical period, theconnections have been pruned.connections have been pruned.


14/18


Overproduction andOverproduction andPruningPruning

occurs at differentoccurs at different

rates and in differentrates and in differentparts of the brainparts of the brain

LanguageLanguage

development.development.

Japanese speakers, forJapanese speakers, for

example, have lost theexample, have lost the

ability to distinguishability to distinguish

between R and Lbetween R and L

because it is not in thebecause it is not in the

speech they hear.speech they hear.


15/18

The Adolescent BrainThe Adolescent Brain

Excerpt from Front Line specialExcerpt from Front Line special

on research concerning theon research concerning the

adolescent brainadolescent brain


16/18

The Adolescent BrainThe Adolescent Brain

The irony of adolescenceThe irony of adolescence

If we protect adolescents fromIf we protect adolescents from

risky behavior, the frontal cortexrisky behavior, the frontal cortex

will develop less rich neuralwill develop less rich neural

connectionsconnections

If we allow adolescents to engageIf we allow adolescents to engage

in risky behavior, they are apt toin risky behavior, they are apt tomake poor choices.make poor choices.


17/18

12 principles of brain based12 principles of brain based

learninglearning The brain is a complex adaptive systemThe brain is a complex adaptive system.. The brain is plastic.The brain is plastic.

The search for meaning is innate.The search for meaning is innate.

Learning occurs through patterning.Learning occurs through patterning.

Emotions are critical to patterning.Emotions are critical to patterning.

Every brain simultaneously perceives andEvery brain simultaneously perceives andcreates parts and wholes.creates parts and wholes.

Brain chemistry affects behavior.Brain chemistry affects behavior.

We are what we eat.We are what we eat.

Movement affects learning.Movement affects learning. We at least two ways of organizingWe at least two ways of organizing

memory.memory.

Complex learning is enhanced byComplex learning is enhanced bychallenge and inhibited by threat.challenge and inhibited by threat.

Every brain is uniquely organized.Every brain is uniquely organized.


18/18

The Case for Quality Early Education:The Case for Quality Early Education:

Brain ResearchBrain Research

Human brain isHuman brain is incomplete at birthincomplete at birth.. Most rapid/robust period of brainMost rapid/robust period of brain

development is fromdevelopment is from birth to age fivebirth to age five..

Critical periods of brain development areCritical periods of brain development are

clustered in theclustered in the earliest years of lifeearliest years of life.. NatureNature andand nurturenurture have dynamic and have dynamic and

cumulative impact on brain development;cumulative impact on brain development;

Parents/caregivers influence children'sParents/caregivers influence children's

environment toenvironment to help them thrive or placehelp them thrive or placethem at risk.them at risk.

Healthy social and emotional developmentHealthy social and emotional development

fosterfosterexploratory behaviorexploratory behaviorthethe keykey toto

early learning.early learning.

Documents

brainbased-learning-1207071173838260-5