BrainTutorial

GrossAnatomyLab#21Fall2016

ModifiedfromDr.LenWhite–BrainandBehaviorManyimagesfromNeurosciences,5thediIon.

GABrainTutorial2015FortheBrainlabandthistutorialyourmaingoalistolocatethebasicfeaturesofthebrain.Thisismerelyanintroduc/ontothesestructuresandwillhelpprepareyouforBrainandBehavior(withDr.LenWhite)inthespringsemester(Neuroanatomy).Youwillhaveahandfulofneuroanatomylabstocoverinmoredepththesurfaceofthebrain,theventricularsystem,theduralvenoussinuses,thebloodsupplyofthebrainandspinalcord,andcross-secIonalviewsofthebrainandspinalcord.Dr.WhitewilljoinusduringourGAlabtohelpguideyouthroughthesestructures.GOALSandOBJECTIVES:•  RecognizetheembryologicalderivaIonsofthebrain–findthesegeneralregions

ontheadultbrain.•  DemonstratethefourpairedlobesofthecerebralcortexandidenIfybynameand

locaIon,theboundariesofeach.•  IdenIfystructuresofthebrainstemandthecranialnerves.•  IdenIfythemajorvesselssupplyingthelobesofthebrainandthespinalcord.•  IdenIfythefluidfilledcaviIesoftheventricularsystem.•  IdenIfytheduralvenoussinusesformedbythefoldingoftheduramater.

Prosencephalon(forebrain):Telencephalon–cerebralhemispheres,basalganglia,hippocampus,olfactorybulb,basalforebrainDiencephalon–dorsalthalamus&hypothalamus

Mesencephalon:midbrainRhombencephalon(hindbrain):Metencephalon–pons&cerebellumMyelencephalon–medulla

Embryologicalsubdivisions–Pro,Mes,RhombAdult-Tel,Di,Mes,Met,My

Lateralview

SURFACEFEATURESBrainTutorial

Lobes:frontal,parietal,occipital,temporalFissures:Longitudinalfissure(orsuperiorsagiZalfissure)–separatesR&Lhemispheres Lateral(orSylvian)fissure/lateralsulcus–separatesfrontal&parietalfromtemporal

Sulci:Centralsulcus–betweenfrontal&parietallobesGyri:Pre-centralgyrus–frontallobe,somaIcmotor;Post-centralgyrus–parietallobe,somaIcsensoryRegions:Broca’sarea–producIonofspeech

Wernicke’sarea–understandingspeech

IdenIfybasicsurfacefeaturesofthebrain

Broca’s area

Wernicke’s area

IdenIfybasicmedialsurfacefeaturesofthebrain

Corpuscallosum–whitemaZer,conveysaxonsbetweenhemispheresFornix–fiberbundleconnecInghippocampus&hypothalamusSeptumpellucidum–separateslateralventriclesPinealgland–aZachestoposteriorthalamus;Thalamus–relaysmostinformaIontoandfromcortexHypothalamus–homeostasis&otherphysiologicalacIviIesMammillarybodies–memory&limbicsystemPituitarygland–aZachedtohypothalamusviainfundibulum(ofstalkofthepituitary)Pons:roleincoordinaIonofmovementMedullaoblongata:autonomicfuncIons

BRAINSTEMANDCRANIALNERVESBrainTutorial

IdenIfycranialnervesontheanterior/ventralsurfaceofthebrainstem

3

6

12

1

2

4

5

789

10

11

PONS

Trytoviewthetrochlearnerveandthepinealgland/bodyontheposterior/dorsalsurfaceofthebrainstem

IdenIfycranialnervesinasuperiorviewofthecranialcavity

Cranialnerves:areviewtable

VASCULATUREBrainTutorial

IdenIfyarteriesofthebrainontheinferior/ventralsurface

Lightblue=#1-5(suppliedbyinternalcaroIdandpartoftheanteriorcirculaIon)Yellow/tan=#5-8(suppliedbyvertebral/basilarandpartoftheposteriorcirculaIon)

Knowthebasicarterialsupplyofthecerebrum

Moore’sClinicallyOrientedAnatomy

(PCOM)

(PCA)

(MCA)

(ACA)

(ACOM)

(ICA)

IdenIfythearteriesofthecircleofWillis

(PICA)

(AICA)

(SCA)

VENTRICLESANDDURALVENOUSSINUSES

BrainTutorial

IdenIfythespacesoftheventricularsystemCerebralspinalfluid(CSF)flowswithin–CSFmadeinchoroidplexusesLateralventricles–insidecerebralhemispheres(septumpellucidumseparates)Thirdventricle–conInuouswithlateralventricles,runsinmidlineofdiencephalon Cerebral(Mesencephalic)aqueduct–conInuouswith3rdventricle,runsthroughmidbrainFourthventricle–aqueductconnectswith,spaceindorsalpons&medullaCentralcanal–conInuouswith4thventricle,runswithinspinalcord

IdenIfytheduralvenoussinusesSuperiorsagiZalInferiorsagiZalSuperiorpetrosalInferiorpetrosalConfluenceofsinusesStraightsinusTransversesinusSigmoidsinusOccipitalsinus