Brain PopBrain PopThrough this sequence, please show how Through this sequence, please show how President Obama is linked to Taylor SwiftPresident Obama is linked to Taylor Swift

President ObamaPresident Obama __________ (sang at __________ (sang at

Inauguration) Inauguration) ________(Interrupted her ________(Interrupted her

award speech) award speech) Taylor Swift. Taylor Swift.

Ecosystems: Everything Ecosystems: Everything is Connectedis Connected

Components in an EcosystemComponents in an Ecosystem

Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors Non-living parts of Non-living parts of

an environmentan environment ExampleExample- gold, - gold,

metal, air, water, metal, air, water, light, temperature, light, temperature, etcetc..

Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors Living Living

parts/organisms in parts/organisms in an environmentan environment

ExampleExample- bacteria, - bacteria, trees, humans, trees, humans, mold, etc.mold, etc.

Defining an EcosystemDefining an Ecosystem

EcosystemEcosystem All organisms living is All organisms living is

an area together with an area together with their physical their physical environmentenvironment

Example- coral reefs Example- coral reefs in the oceanin the ocean

Species: group of organisms that can : group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspringmate to produce fertile offspring

Are mules a species? Can they have Are mules a species? Can they have offspring? offspring?

No- they are not a species, but a male No- they are not a species, but a male donkey and female horse are two different donkey and female horse are two different species species

Habitat: the place an organisms livesHabitat: the place an organisms lives

What is a PopulationWhat is a Population

PopulationPopulation is classified as all the members of a is classified as all the members of a species living in the same place at the same species living in the same place at the same timetime

Refers to the group as a whole and the size of itRefers to the group as a whole and the size of it Examples of a population…Examples of a population…

School of clown fish living in the Anacostia river School of clown fish living in the Anacostia river in the month of December 2015in the month of December 2015

Mrs. Goldson’s 4th period Environmental Mrs. Goldson’s 4th period Environmental Science class at Ballou STAY on Tuesday Science class at Ballou STAY on Tuesday September 8,2015September 8,2015

Properties of PopulationsProperties of Populations

There are three There are three categoriescategories

1.1. SizeSize2.2. Density Density 3.3. DispersionDispersion

Size: Size: Small, Medium, Small, Medium, LargeLarge

DensityDensity: number of : number of individuals per unit individuals per unit area (land) or volume area (land) or volume (liquid) (liquid)

DispersionDispersion:: distribution or distribution or arrangement of the arrangement of the individuals (even, individuals (even, clumped, or random)clumped, or random)

How Does a Population Grow?How Does a Population Grow?

Populations can grow based on the Populations can grow based on the number of births or deaths of individualsnumber of births or deaths of individuals

Change in Population sizeChange in Population size= Births – Deaths= Births – Deaths Gains= Births, Loses= DeathsGains= Births, Loses= Deaths As a result, a population can have 3 As a result, a population can have 3

outcomesoutcomes1.1. Negative Growth Negative Growth (more deaths than births)(more deaths than births)2.2. Zero Growth Zero Growth (births & deaths are =)(births & deaths are =)3.3. Positive Growth Positive Growth (more births than deaths)(more births than deaths)

Question?Question?

How can the growth equal zero? How can the growth equal zero?

When amount of births = amount When amount of births = amount of deathsof deaths

How Fast Can a Population Grow?How Fast Can a Population Grow?

Relatively, populations remain somewhat Relatively, populations remain somewhat the same size year after year due tothe same size year after year due to 2 2 factorsfactors that help control or maintain that help control or maintain reproductionreproduction

1.1. Reproductive PotentialReproductive Potential

2.2. Exponential GrowthExponential Growth

Reproductive Potential Reproductive Potential is is defined as the maximum defined as the maximum number of offspring that each number of offspring that each member of a population can member of a population can produceproduce

Increase reproductive Increase reproductive potential is when a species potential is when a species can produce multiple can produce multiple number's of offspring at a number's of offspring at a timetime

Exponential Growth Exponential Growth results in fast growth only results in fast growth only when there is a plethora when there is a plethora (plenty) of resources (plenty) of resources (food, H20, shelter) have (food, H20, shelter) have little predators or little predators or competitorscompetitors

Why is that?Why is that?

Question?Question?

Bacteria can reproduce within the 1Bacteria can reproduce within the 1stst few few hours of lifehours of life

Cats can in about 3 monthsCats can in about 3 months Humans are estimated to be able to create Humans are estimated to be able to create

offspring around the age of 13offspring around the age of 13 Which of these 3 has the greatest Which of these 3 has the greatest

Reproductive Potential and why?Reproductive Potential and why?

What Limits Population Growth?What Limits Population Growth?

2 factors that affect growth2 factors that affect growth

1.1. Carrying Capacity- Carrying Capacity- the maximum the maximum population that an ecosystem can population that an ecosystem can support indefinitelysupport indefinitely

2.2. Resource Limits/limiting resource- Resource Limits/limiting resource- Particular natural resource that when Particular natural resource that when presented can influence the amount of presented can influence the amount of resources for an environment/ecosystemresources for an environment/ecosystem

Two Types of Population Two Types of Population RegulationRegulation

(1) (1) Density dependentDensity dependent- - deaths occur more deaths occur more quickly in a crowded quickly in a crowded densely packed densely packed population than sparsepopulation than sparse

i.e. diseases i.e. diseases (outbreak), predation, (outbreak), predation, competitioncompetition

((2) 2) Density Density independent- independent- certain certain portion of pop dies portion of pop dies regardless of densityregardless of density

effects all members of effects all members of a popa pop

i.e. sever weather, i.e. sever weather, natural disasternatural disaster

Assignment-PopulationsAssignment-PopulationsCopy both questionsCopy both questions

1.1. Based on the information below, explain that type of Based on the information below, explain that type of growth rate that this population will experience.growth rate that this population will experience.

2. Scientists do not always agree on the specific carrying 2. Scientists do not always agree on the specific carrying capacity of Earth for humans. Why might this carrying capacity of Earth for humans. Why might this carrying capacity be difficult to determine?capacity be difficult to determine?