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Brain-Computer Interfaces. James Brooks BME 281 Presentation 1. What are BCI?. Brain-computer interfaces are direct pathways of communication between the brain and some external device. Robotic arms. History. 1924 – Invention of Electroencephalography (EEG, Hans Berger) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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James BrooksBME 281 Presentation 1
What are BCI?Brain-computer
interfaces are direct pathways of communication between the brain and some external device.Robotic arms
History1924 – Invention of Electroencephalography (EEG,
Hans Berger)Identified “brain waves”, led to brain mapping
1969 – UWash School of Medicine “showed monkeys could control biofeedback meter arm with neural activity [2]”
1970s – research into teaching monkeys to control their firing patterns and get rewardsDeveloped algorithms for neural firing patterns1980s – found a relationship function(cosine-based)
for electrical responses and corresponding movement in rhesus macaque monkeys
Medical Rehabilitation UsesBrain damaged by
strokeBCI used to teach
patient how to move muscles to which the brain has forgotten how to control
CommunicationCommunication with
patients that have motor-neural disabilitiesLocked-In
Syndrome Attach patient to
BCI, output as cursor movement
GamingMindflex – EEG
controlled obstacle course (2007)
OCZ Technology (2008) created a device for playing games controlled by EMG
NeuroSky – Star Wars Force Trainer (2009)
Invasive(I) BCIMost accurate signal
Accuracy fades over time Damage to the brain,
bodies defenses attack foreign object, scar tissue
Most riskyCan cause damage
to brain, leaves brain exposed
Non-Invasive(NI) BCILess accurate signal
Cranium alters the signals that are picked up from the brain, can cause problems
Less riskyBrain isn’t exposed, less risk to overall health
Partially Invasive BCIMore accurate than NI-BCI, more riskyLess accurate than I-BCI, less riskyPlaced under the skull, but not in the brain
Electrocorticography, like non-invasive EEGThis technique was used when the neural
differences between vowels and consonants were discovered
Ethical ConsiderationsHow can you obtain consent for a BCI from
someone that can’t communicate?Do the benefits outweigh the risks?What happens if someone wants to keep a
thought secret and BCI detects it?What is the limit of what we will do with BCI?Could people use BCI to interrogate
someone?
FutureGamingRemote control through the brain of devicesInternet access for the brainNeural controlled prosthetics
References1. Andersson P, Pluim J, Viergever M, Ramsey N.
Navigation of a Telepresence Robot via Covert Visuospatial Attention and Real-time fMRI. <www.springlink.com/conttent/41458747m3t57461/fulltext.pdf>
2. Wikipedia: Brain-Computer Interfaces. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface>
3. Kaufmann T, Völker S, Gunesch L, Kübler A. Spelling is Just a Click Away- A User-Centred Brain-Computer Interface Including Auto-Calibration and Predictive Text Entry. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400942/>
4. Kübler A, Neumann N. Brain Computer Interfaces—the Key for the Conscious Brain Locked in a Paralyzed Body. <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186045>