FacilitiesandInfrastructureforFundamentalSymmetriesandNeutrinos

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BradPlaster,UniversityofKentucky+thankstoinnumerablemembersofthecommunity(U.S.andinternational)

TownMeeting– Chicago– September29,2014

Outline

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I. UndergroundLabs

II. NeutrinoPhysics:Reactors,SNS

III. Muon Physics:FNAL,PSI

IV. InfrastructureforPVESatJLab

V. NeutronPhysics

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I.UndergroundLabs

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SanfordUndergroundResearchFacility

B.Plaster 4Courtesy:M.Headley(SURF)

• Deep(4850ft,4300mwe)undergroundfacilitywithexpansionpossibilities• Redundantsafeaccesswithtwoprincipalshafts

Rehabilitation(Summer2017)SDSTA:$28Mproject

BeneficialOccupancyMay2015

BeneficialOccupancyMay2015

Installation2017

5Courtesy:M.Headley(SURF)

20 24 50(100)m3

60,000–112,000CYofrock

200kg0

6Courtesy:M.Headley(SURF)

LimitationstoExpansioninNear‐Term

B.Plaster 7Courtesy:M.Headley(SURF)

• Existingspacefordisposalofrockatthe4850levelislimitedSpacefor~15,000cubicyards(CY)

• Newexcavations>15,000CYwillbechallengingifundertakenbeforecompletionoftheRossShaftrehabilitation(2017)

• Aftertherehabilitation,butbeforeLBNEhasinstalledawasterockhandlingsystem(2017–2019),removalpossibleviatrucks

• Orderofmagnitude:~50,000CYrequires3,00030‐tontruckloads

• PostLBNEwasterockhandlingsystem(>2019),verylargeexcavationswillbepossible

Provides low background, gamma spectroscopy servicesto a wide variety of projects/experiments

115% n-type, 85% p-type HPGe, +otherso passive counting for U, Th, K (and common man-made/cosmogenics)o active assay via neutron activation analysiso Neutron flux measurements (beam characterization, etc.)

Long History of Low Background Counting ( >60 years experience)o SNO, KamLAND, CUORE, DoubleCHOOZ, Daya Bay, Majorana,

Katrin, Sanford Lab, LUX/LZ, + more.

** BLBF Open to any project/experimentoRequests for service can be made at website. http://lbf.lbl.govoSamples typically screened first at LBNL, then those requiring

additional sensitivity are sent to SURF.

SHPGe w/muon veto system2-3 HPGe detectors in use.

*not to scale

BLBF Group (LBNL and UC Berkeley)A.R. Smith, K.J. Thomas, A.W.P. Poon, Y.D. Chan, E.B. Norman, K.T. Lesko

Counting Sensitivities[for ~1kg samples]

Berkeley Site[~1 day]

SURF Site[~1 week]

U series 0.5 ppb (6 mBq/kg) 50 ppt (0.6 mBq/kg)

Th series 2.0 ppb (8 mb/kg) 200 ppt (0.8 mBq/kg)

K 1.0 ppm 100 ppb

Co-60 0.04 pCi/kg (1.5 mBq/kg) 0.004 pCi/kg (0.15 mBq/kg)

Local SiteLBNL

Remote SiteSURF 4850 L

low activity construction 1.5m minimum thickness 4300 m.w.e. overburden

backgrounds dominated by cosmic ray muons, Muon Veto

in use

backgrounds dominated byresidual activity in detector and

shielding1 x 115% n-type & 1 x 85% p-type 1 x 85% p-type (soon to be 2x)

Facility CharacteristicsLBNLSURFBLBF BerkeleyLowBackgroundFacility

http://lbf.lbl.gov

BLBF@SURF4850L (4300 m.w.e.)

BLBF@LBNL4850L (4300 m.w.e.)

Specially selected, low activity concrete used in lab construction.(4-6 feet thick on all sides.)

Comparison of backgrounds at Oroville and SURF. Thebackgrounds at SURF are ~30% lower than Oroville,due to shield configuration improvements.

Energy [keV]0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

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SURF

Backgrounds Reduced in re-installation at SURF.

First Sample Results – MAJORANA Ag epoxy

Second Sample Results – LZ Titanium plate

~ 7 kg.Detector backgrounds in the detector at SURFwithout shielding (top), with shielding (middle),and last with a nitrogen radon purge running(bottom).

Energy [keV]0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

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SURF BKG no shield, no Rn purge

SURF BKG w/shield, no Rn purge

SURF BKG w/shield and Rn purge

Background comparison with shielding

Remote BLBF counting site (Oroville) relocated to SURFo Feb 1, 2014: End of counting operations at Oroville Dam (originally the UCSB/LBL

double-beta experiment site from late 1980’s).o Early March 2014: Detector relocated to SURFo Late March: Oroville Site decommissioned, shielding and equipment shipped to SD.o May 2014: Detector and shielding installed underground at SURF.o June 2014: Background testing and equipment diagnostics.o July 1, 2014: Counting station back online for receiving of samples.

2013 2014Oroville SURF

mass g 62.1 56.5U ppb < 1 < 0.8

Th ppb < 3 < 2.2K ppm < 2 < 1.4

238U mBq/kg < 12 < 10232Th mBq/kg < 12 < 8.9

40K mBq/kg < 62 < 43108mAg mBq/kg 23(4) 20(2)110mAg mBq/kg 15(3) 17(3)

< 6 months total!

LBNLSURFBLBF BerkeleyLowBackgroundFacility

56.5 grams

SNOLAB

B.Plaster 10Courtesy:N.Smith

Undergroundcampus6800 feet,6010mwe

EntirelabClass‐2000cleanroom,orbetter

SurfaceFacilities(3100m2)440m2 Class‐1000cleanroom

UndergroundFacilitiesSNO+Cavity:1860m2

Twolargecavities:CubeHall,Cryopit (+supportdrifts)AdditionallineardriftsforsmallerscaleexperimentsMaterialshandling/cleaningareas,personnelareas,tramtransportation,…

UndergroundConstruction:5360m2

11Courtesy:N.Smith

12Courtesy:N.Smith

SoudanUndergroundLaboratory

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710m,2090mwe

Courtesy:M.Marshak

40000m3 volumeintwolargedetectorrooms

RunningExperiments:MINOS+,SuperCDMS

U.Minnesotacommittedtooperationfor 5years

Also:CoGeNT,LowBackgroundCountingFacility,GammaScreeners,NeutronDetectors

SuperCDMS continuestooperateatSoudan

MINOS+:on‐axisforNuMI beam

Kimballton UndergroundResearchFacility

B.Plaster 14Courtesy:R.B.Vogelaar

30minutesfromVa.Tech.

Limestonemine(active)

50+milesofdrifts

Horizontalaccess

35’ 100’ 20’Facilitiesat:1450mwe,and300mwe

II.NeutrinoPhysicsFacilities:

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Reactors,SNS

Highly-enriched Compact Core Research Reactors: 3 US Sites ≳ 20 MWth

NBSR, NIST HFIR, ORNLATR, INL

commercial core

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- Compact cores (~1m)

- Shortest possible baselines ~ few meters

- HEU fuel, simpler, spectrum constant in time

- Reactor off periods (background measurement)

- Ability to reconfigure/run for extended periods

Backgrounds have been well characterized

Courtesy:P.Mumm

Opportunities at High-power US research reactors

Address recent anomalies in spectral shape at ~ 5-6 MeVPossible first measurement of spent fuel

Definitively address the possibility of sterile neutrino oscillation as an explanation of observed electron antineutrino deficits

PROSPECT (HFIR)

Two projects in advanced R&D phase:

nuLat (NIST, Navy)

Safeguards - a passive standoff capability

Spectral Shape as a Function of Energy and Baseline

Precision measurement of reactor spectrum

Provides a remote, non-intrusive reactor power and Pu production monitoring capability

Courtesy:P.Mumm

SNS:NeutrinoPhysics

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FirstTargetStation1.4MW,60Hz,695ns

SecondTargetStation(CD‐02009)10Hz,optimizedforcoldneutrons

SNS:World’smostintensepulsedsourceofneutrinos

OscSNSCylindricaldetector8mdiameter,20.5mlong

Undergroundconcreteenclosure12m 12m 25m

Civilengineeringprobablecost:$5.5M

Courtesy:W.C.Louis

SNS:NeutrinoPhysics

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COHERENTCollaboration:CENNSexperimentattheSNS

detectors~15‐35mfromtarget

Courtesy:K.Scholberg

III.Muon Physics

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Muon CampusatFNAL

B.Plaster 21Courtesy:C.Polly,D.Hertzog

NewFNALMuon Campus HEP‐funded(~$350M)

AlthoughHEPfacility, physicsleadershipfromNPg–2:D.Hertzog,B.L.RobertsMu2e:D.Glenzinski,J.Miller

Coordinatedefforttomeetboththeg–2andMu2eneeds

Boosterupgrade:8GeV p@15Hz RecyclerRing(insteadofMainInjector)

pmuon source Forg–2:

DeliveryRing g–2ring

previouspsource

22Courtesy:C.Polly,D.Hertzog

23Courtesy:C.Polly,D.Hertzog

PSI

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1.4MWRingCyclotron

Courtesy:K.Kirch

40th Anniversary!

ExpectedtorunatleastuntiltheESSisuptofullpower

(~10years)

2.6mApossibleinfewyears

590MeV

World’shighestintensitiesof:Mesons:+,–,0

Leptons:+,–

Ultracold Neutronsource:NeutronEDMexperiment

PSI

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• HiMB:Feasibilitystudyforahigh‐intensity“surfacemuon”beam

Courtesy:K.Kirch

SINQSpallationSource

+ StoppedinTargetMaterial

(nearsurface)

“Monochromatic” +p =29.8MeV/c(100%polarized)

Aimingat~1010 +/s

• Muon Cooling:PhaseSpaceCompression

10MeV/c+ stoppedinHegas

Muonium spectroscopy,g–2,EDM,…

16cm fewmm

Potential107 increaseindensity

IV.JLab PVES

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MOLLERHallACompatibility

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MOLLERExperiment:JLab HallA

HallA

Courtesy:K.Kumar,C.Keppel

11GeV longitudinallypolarizedbeam150‐cmlong,liquidhydrogentarget

P=80%,I=75A(approved)P=90%,I=60A(compatiblewith

otherhalls)

HallAInfrastructure:HRS‐L,HRS‐R,BigBite,SBS

MOLLERwillbedesignedsothatitcanberemovedfromthebeamline forcompatibilitywithotherHallAexperiments

RequirementsforMOLLERExperiment

InfrastructureneedsbeyondthescopeoftheMIE:

• Abilitytomeasurethebeampolarizationto0.4%uncertainty• UpgradestotheMollerandComptonpolarimeters for11GeV beam

• Successfuldevelopmentofaconceptualdesignfora150‐cmlongLH2 targetsystemcapableofhandlingaheatloadof5kW[DOEEarlyCareerAward:S.Covrig (JLab)]

• UpgradestotheJLab injectorandacceleratoranddevelopmentofconfigurationtools(e.g.,plannedinjectortestfacilityupgrade)todeliversub‐100nmhelicity‐correlatedpositiondifferencesintheinjector,andotherbeamdeliveryparameters,toachieve0.15ppbhelicity‐correlatedsystematics

• HallAbeamline instrumentationcapableofensuringhelicity‐dependentpositionmeasurementsof3morbetter,andhelicity‐dependentchargemeasurementsof10ppmorbetter

Forexperimenttoproceed,MIEisneeded

• ReplacementofagingEndStationRefrigeratorwithnew4kWEndStationRefrigerator(ESR‐2)toensureadequatecryogeniccapacityforallHalls

Alltheserequirements,especiallythefirstoneonpolarimetry,willhelpthePVDISSoLID Experiment 28Courtesy:K.Kumar,C.Keppel

V.NeutronPhysics

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SNSFundamentalNeutronPhysicsBeamline

B.Plaster 30Courtesy:G.Greene

SNSat1.4MW

FNPBfluxwellunderstoodConsistentwithinitialphysicsdesign

Firstmajorexperimentsuccessfullycompleted(NPDGamma)Program:hadronic PV(n‐3He),neutron‐decay(Nab),nEDM

SNSFundamentalNeutronPhysicsBeamline

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nEDM Building

Courtesy:G.Greene

FirstTargetStation1.4MW,60Hz,695ns

SecondTargetStation(CD‐02009)10Hz,optimizedforcoldneutronproduction

Long‐term:Potentialsignificantincreaseinthe8.9Å fluxneededforthenEDM Experiment

NISTCenterforNeutronResearch(NCNR)

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NG‐C

Courtesy:J.Nico

20MWresearchreactor

GuidehallexpansionDecember2012

Newhigh‐fluxNG‐CbeamlineHighestintegratedfluxinU.S.

LiquidD2 coldsourceupgradein2016Factorof~1.5–2increaseforallbeams

BroadNG‐Cphysicsprogram:Neutron‐decay(aCORN,beamlifetime)PVspinrotationin4He

Monochromaticbeams:interferometry,scatteringlengths,chargeradius,beamlifetimecounting,lifetimeinmagnetictrap,…

LANLUCNSource

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LDRD‐fundedsourceupgradeunderway

Tablefrom:A.R.Youngetal.,J.Phys.G(inpress)

OnlyoperatingUCNsourceinNorthAmerica

‐decay(UCNA,UCN,UCNB),SNSnEDM R&D

High‐statistics‐decayPossiblenEDMwith~10–27 e‐cm

LANSCEacceleratorwillcontinuetooperateforforeseeablefuture

VI.Nuclear‐Decay

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Notime!

However,wassummarizedinthe“Facilities”talkIgaveatthe2012FS/NeutrinosWorkingGroupMeeting:

http://www.phy.ornl.gov/funsym/talks/Plaster_NSAC_Facilities_Chicago_August2012_v3.pdf

Summary

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Weareacommunitywithexperimentsoperatingat/plannedforadiversearrayoffacilities!

Continuedandstrongsupportforthesefacilitiesisneededtorealizeourphysicsgoals!

BackupSlides

Context for MOLLER and Experimental Technique Krishna Kumar, September 10 2014

MOLLER Workforce✦ MOLLER: IV Generation JLab PVES project ★ III Generation Experiments Qweak and PREX

• critical evolutionary development of all technical requirements!

• majority of both collaborations are committed to MOLLER!

• combined Hall A/C PVES: 12 PD FTE’s and 25 Ph.D. students at peak!

• funding from DOE NP, NSF and NSERC (Canada)!

★ 7-8 faculty/lab staff positions in last decade in US NP • Critical training and expansion of expert workforce!

✦ MOLLER Workforce Outlook: ★ Estimate 12-15 PD FTEs and 25 Ph.D. students at peak

• A majority of the User funding would be redirected from existing grants!

• Restore PVES User funding to 2010-11 levels; it is down ~20%!

• New foreign participation will help offset losses at the ~10% level

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