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BRACE Character Profile™
INTERVIEWING & INTERROGATION
NEGOTIATION & PROFILING
for
Law Enforcement
APPLIED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT
copyright © 2005Russell L. Smith, M.S.BRACE™ Analysiswww.BRACEanalysis.com
™
BRACE Character Profile™ Disclaimer
• KEEP IT SAFE
• KEEP IT LEGAL
• PROVIDE PROTECTIVE AND SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURE ACCORDING TO POLICY AND PROCEDURE
• SEE DISCLAIMER AT WWW.BRACEanalysis.com
301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Maximize similarities ...– Take your time ... do not rush– Be consistent and predictable– Make communications clear
and matter-of-fact– Be direct, honest, simple, but
totally in charge & powerful– Sit facing, don’t stand– Keep facial expressions to a
minimum & non-threatening
Distrust & Suspiciousness
301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Maximize differences– Rush ... interrupt ... imply– Be inconsistent/unpredictable– Mumble, misuse words, drop
your voice at key times– Whisper, be sarcastic– Walk behind, leave the room– Smirk, grimace, look at
windows/wall/forehead– Switch eyes
Distrust & Suspiciousness
301.20 Schizoid Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Do not take indifference or
lack of emotions personally– Be direct & clear– Be calm and matter-of-fact – Give extra time to respond ...– Later give a chance to write– Loner with few interests;
discover & talk about– Do not be surprised at
detailed, easy confessions
Detached & Restricted
301.20 Schizoid Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Focus on social relationships,
any and all kinds; get details– Talk about family,
neighborhood, school, and ask about team sports
– Attempt to engage in some interactive activity
– Just be engaging and then leave the room ... come back and start over
Detached & Restricted
301.22 Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Often feel they, have special
powers, are superstitious, believe in paranormal. Let them explain. See how it fits.
– Expect interacting to be awkward, off key or strange
– Do not show disapproval– Be clear, tolerant, supportive
Discomfort, Distortions & Eccentricities
301.22 Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS – Get physically close to– Ask about social life, friends– Challenge any strange or
unusual statements– Comment on inadequacies– Add the same as for
Paranoid ... whispering, exiting room, walking behind, looking at one-way mirror, etc.
Discomfort, Distortions & Eccentricities
301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Will present self as justified, a
victim of others or circumstance ... do not reject, leave an open door
– Indicate understanding how anyone can make a mistake
– Show what’s in it for them– Indicate job dissatisfaction
Disregards and Violates Rights
301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Act confident and indifferent– Challenge statements about
rights and responsibilities– Be protective of victims name,
rights, situation– Press the “facts” of the case– “Awfulize” everything– Play on noncompliant and
oppositional tendencies
Disregards and Violates Rights
301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Be engaging, but “with them”– Join their point of view– Let them reinforce you– Indicate care and concern for
their well-being. Set limits.– At hints of self-injury, set the
limits according to policy and then be the one to “rescue” within policy guidelines
Unstable & intense, identity problems, impulsive, SIB ...
301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Be aware of their fear of
abandonment ... being left alone ... having no one to care
– Tell them to grow up, get a life– Keep the focus in the present
and on their behavior, their choices, their responsibilities
Unstable & intense, identity problems, impulsive, SIB ...
301.50 Histrionic Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Explore feelings and reasons
for current emotional state– Give them lots of attention– Give them center stage– Expect them to flirt– Be a strong authority figure– Show protective concern– Do not expect much depth
Emotionality and Attention Seeking
301.50 Histrionic Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Interrupt by asking for
explanations, details, examples ...
– Actively compete for center stage ... restrict “acting-out”
– Minimize the importance of feelings
– Make others involved more important
Emotionality and Attention Seeking
301.81 Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Show respect, admiration, and
be easily impressed– “Understand” their special
abilities and attributes– Present yourself as important
and having “connections”
Grandiosity, Need for Admiration, Lack of Empathy
301.81 Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Do not cater to in any way– Relate to with indifference– Comment on their negative
characteristics– Belittle their achievements– Portray them as ordinary,
common, and dull
Grandiosity, Need for Admiration, Lack of Empathy
301.82 Avoidant Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Provide protective structure– Be a source of safety/security– Be sensitive to social anxiety– Find something to be positive
about and use non-threatening questions
– Minimize criticism, disapproval, and rejection
Social Inhibition, Feelings of Inadequacy, and Hypersensitivity
301.82 Avoidant Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Be critical– Display willingness to belittle
and humiliate others– Display an arrogant disregard
for the feelings of others– Vaguely hint that they will
become the center of negative attention ... be evaluated, etc.
Social Inhibition, Feelings of Inadequacy, and Hypersensitivity
301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Be assertive but protective and
supportive– Be confident and full of
knowledge about their situation
– Listen and display a willingness to take charge
Submissive and clinging ... excessive need to be taken care of
301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Be vague, inconsistent, and
ask complex and confusing questions
– Be impersonal and unfriendly– Indicate a lack of concern for
their present or future– Accent the negative and focus
on their having to go it alone
Submissive and clinging ... excessive need to be taken care of
301.4 Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
• GOOD COP– Be matter-of-fact and confident– Give short, precise answers
and ask short specific questions
– Be neat, clean in manner and speech
– Provide clear structure
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control
301.4 Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
• BAD COPS– Be messy in dress, unkempt in
appearance– Create an impression of
disorder and lack of concern for precision and detail
– Be ambiguous and inconsistent in advice, behavior, and emotions
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control