Boxing Manual

By John Brown

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The purpose of this manual is to give a brief, but inclusive introductory course to the great sport of amateur boxing.Amateur boxing parallels life in many respects. It’s important that you learn and grow every day. The coach orboxer who thinks he knows all there is to know or doesn’t want to take the time to learn, will never achieve hisfull potential. Even we do not claim to have all of the answers.

In order for amateur boxing to become more popular, it is the job of all coaches to stress fundamentals, particularlythose pertaining to defense. A boxing match is meant to be a contest of skill rather than power, brute force ortoughness.

It is extremely important to remember that amateur boxing should be fun. The more fun you can make it, the moreparticipants you will have and the more frequently they will workout. The surest way to make boxing fun is to keepit safe. This can be accomplished by teaching the fundamentals depicted in this manual and by using propersafety equipment.

PURPOSE OF MANUAL

Amateur boxing is a very positive sport as well as a terrific wayto combat juvenile delinquency. It is completely different fromprofessional boxing in its goals, objectives, scoring andequipment.

Amateur boxing can be an excellent source of conditioning forthe high school athlete during the off-season. It also providesthe option for a youngster who is not involved in school sportsprograms or does not desire to participate in team sports.

Amateur boxing can also provide a young person with theopportunity to satisfy the basic human need of recognition in apositive manner. All too often this need is met through delinquentbehavior.

In amateur boxing, points are scored by landing clean blows, regardless of their power. A power punch that knocksan opponent down scores the same as a left jab. Consequently, a boxer’s goal should be to outbox his opponent bylanding numerous clean, effective blows rather than going for a knockout that may not happen.

When properly coached and supervised, amateur boxing can be an extremely fulfilling and beneficial experience foryoung people. It can be used as a vehicle to instruct sportsmanship, the value of conditioning and a positive releaseof frustrations and energies, in addition to building self-confidence and character.

WHAT IS AMATEUR BOXING?

IS AMATEUR BOXING SAFE?The safety of amateur boxing has been well documented. The1998 National Safety Council ranked boxing 71st in sports injuries,well below mainstream sports like wrestling, football, baseball,soccer and even bowling. Most of the negative publicity aboutthe sport centers around professional boxing, when, in factprofessional boxing is much different than amateur boxing.

No other amateur sport takes more precautions, in regard to safety,than amateur boxing. Amateur boxers must receive a physicalexamination before and after each competition. Special protectiveequipment is mandatory for each competition. The primary directiveof all amateur referees is the safety of the boxers. In addition,all competition gloves and headgear contain exact combinationsof shock-absorbing foams to reduce the impact of a blow. Everypossible precaution is taken to keep amateur boxing safe.

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In order for the sport of boxing to thrive in the future, all attentionand effort has to be dedicated to the safety of the boxer.Any coach that puts a new or inexperienced boxer in the ringto spar before teaching him the fundamentals of offense anddefense has no business coaching. Sparring is practice boxing.There is nothing to practice if you haven’t been taught anything.Putting inexperienced youngsters in the ring before they’re readywill harm a novice boxer, either physically or psychologically.Either way, you’ve lost the boxer. To put new kids in the ringto “see how tough they are” is insane and is an injustice tothe sport.

Teach them offense and defense and require them to attain alevel of proper conditioning before putting them in the ring. You’llhave better developed boxers and a higher number of participantsby taking this approach. Teach and make your boxers work on defense. Although much of the available equipment isgeared towards offense, this is only half the game. Defense should be practiced each workout session just like hittingthe heavybag. The less you get hit, the more fun boxing is. Learn from other coaches, their tricks of coaching andconditioning, and implement them into your program. The worst coach is one that thinks he knows all there is to know.

Beginning fundamentals should include proper stance, delivery of a left jab and straight right hand. Attention shouldbe given to the proper position of hands and elbows. These basics should be practiced nightly while going throughthe normal workout routine: shadowboxing, heavybag, speed bag and double end bag.

After the offensive fundamentals are learned, move on to the basic defensive fundamentals. Offense and defense shouldbe taught hand-in-hand. If a club has too many boxers for the coaches to work with individually, assign each boxer apartner to practice on each other’s defense.

After your boxers have a working knowledge of offense and defense, have attained a desirable level of conditioningand are able to go three rounds, it is time to start sparring. Sparring means instructive boxing. The purpose of sparringis to work on fundamentals. This cannot be accomplished unless the sparring session is properly controlled. First ofall, each new boxer should spar with a more experienced boxer who can control both himself and the action.The experienced boxer should lightly strike the new boxer when he makes mistakes. He should encourage thenew boxer to work on his left jab and mobility.

If you put two new boxers together, you’ll have a brawl on your hands. No one will learn anything, and someone couldget hurt. Remember boxing is supposed to be fun—fighting for your life isn’t.

As your new boxer progresses, advanced offensive and defensive techniques can be taught and sparring can beadjusted to meet his needs.

THE PROPER WAY TO COACHAMATEUR BOXING

TEACH YOUR BOXERS THE FOUR C’S OF AMATEUR BOXING:

– Coachability: A boxer must have the mental discipline to take instruction that he receives and incorporate it into his boxing style. Otherwise, he will never improve.

– Conditioning: It is impossible to learn if a boxer is too tired to concentrate on new techniques. Most amateur bouts are won and lost dueto conditioning.

– Concentration: If a boxer has the ability to block out everything and concentrateon the task at hand, he will improve rapidly.

– Champion: If a boxer is coachable, in condition and concentrates on his boxing, he will be a champion.

The following is a recommended workout schedule. Remember, don’t just gothrough the motions. Work on your fundamentals. Each boxer, depending onphysical makeup, temperament and agility, will develop a style which he feelscomfortable with. Unfortunately, in amateur boxing, due to its short duration, youmay not have time to make your opponent “fight your fight”. In this case, it wouldbe to your advantage to do what may not normally be your style. In order to beprepared for this situation, you must work on all three of the following styles whenyou are shadowboxing, working the heavybag or the double end bag.

1. Joe Frazier: Going after your opponent, keeping constant pressure on him,moving in with hands held high, bobbing, weaving and slipping punches. Thisstyle is necessary to develop the skills of a good stick-and-move boxer. DO NOTpunch while you are moving in. This is what the boxer wants you to do so that hecan step back out of your punching range and stick you in the nose with hiseducated left jab. Move in, get close and then unleash a barrage of punches.Constant pressure and not hitting until you are very close to your opponent is key.

2. Muhammad Ali: Boxing, sticking and moving. When your opponent gets set to punch, step back or sidestepand throw your left jab. His punches should land short and your jab should connect. When your opponent leaveshimself open, fire a quick combination and then get out of his punching range.

3. In and Out: This is probably the most effective of all styles because of the way amateur bouts are judged.The idea is simple—move in, hit and move out before you get hit. When your opponent moves in, step out ofhis punching range and then slide in and hit.

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Training is essential preparation for providing the strength and endurance needed for boxing. Success in competitionis directly proportionate to the amount of effort that is put into training. Training should be conducted at a rapidpace to train the body, particularly the cardiovascular system, for quick, explosive action. Currently, in amateurboxing, bouts are four rounds in duration, which does not leave time for “feeling out” your opponent or pacingyourself. A boxer should train for the same duration in which he is going to compete. Both open and novice boxers(an athlete who has less than 10 bouts), should be working on no more than a two minute clock and working at100% effort. All too often a boxer working longer than two minute rounds conditions his body to work at 80% ofits physical potential. Unfortunately, when 100% is needed in competition, he is not prepared for it. The key is totrain at the same duration as competition and at 100% intensity. Most gyms are open only three nights a week,which is adequate and keeps the coach and boxers from getting burned out. To complement the gym work, anaspiring champion must workout two or three additional days of the week. Your better, more dedicated boxersshould have their own heavybag at home so that shadowboxing, heavybag work and running can be conductedwhen the gym is closed.

The following list of exercise programs and cross-training sports will greatly increase the conditioning and cardio-vascular levels of your athletes, and should be encouraged as additional methods of training for your boxers:

Boxing Swimming Weight Lifting,Aerobics Circuit Training Nautilus

*Ringside offers several videotapes, books and programs that cover these and many other topics.

CONDITIONING THROUGH TRAINING

CONDITIONING IS 80% OF AMATEUR BOXING

WARM-UPIt is very important that all athletes take at least 10 to 15minutes to thoroughly stretch ALL of the major musclegroups (arms, legs, back, abdomen, etc.) before workingout. A flexible muscle is less likely to cramp or pull.Remember that flexibility is just as important as power.

SHADOWBOXINGThis is a great way to begin your workout. The idea is tospar against an imaginary opponent. You can work ondifferent styles and opponents. Imagine that you areworking against Ali the first round, Frazier the secondround and then work on the “In and Out” in the third.

HEAVYBAGBefore you begin any bag work, be sure you have a goodpair of gloves. The heavybag and double end bag shouldbe hit with large bag gloves for two reasons:

1. To protect the 26 small, delicate bones of the hand. One hand injury can end a career.

2. In competition, 10 or 12 ounce gloves will be used. Itdoes not make sense to train with lighter gloves than that. Your arms need to be conditioned for what will be used in

competition.

The heavybag develops punching power and speed. Don’t just go through the motionsof hitting the bag. Act like the bag can hit back. Slip these imaginary punches and counter. At most clubs, they have a variety of heavybags: 70 lb. bags, 40 lb. bags, water bagsand uppercut bags. Each one responds differently when punched just like each of youropponents will box differently. Rotate on your bags.

As the boxer’s level of ability improves with each bag, increase the intensity of the workoutuntil the athlete can go non-stop for three rounds. At that point, you’ll know that yourboxer is in shape!

DOUBLE END BAG The primary purpose of this bag is to work on your jabs and quick combinations. It can

also be used to practice slipping punches. Again, as with the heavybag, you must pretendthat the double end bag can hit back, so don’t forget your defense. Make your jab work like a well-oiled piston and throw combinations in bunches of five to seven punches.

JUMP ROPEA quality speed rope is necessary to condition the legs and develop the cardiovascularendurance. Always jump on a padded surface. Jumping on concrete is too easy and badfor your legs. You should complete three rounds of rope jumping.

SPEED BAGThis light bag does wonders to improve arm endurance and hand-eye coordination. Don’t just hit the bag. Work it.Learn the double hit movement. Hit it once with each hand.Hit it 25 times with each hand. Alternate these routines, workhard and the speed bag can be a valuable tool. For a variation,remove some air (about 25%) from the bag and hit it. It willforce you to punch harder.

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All new boxers should have their programlaid out for them so that they haveguidelines to follow and know what to doeach day they get to the gym.

— Warm-up 5 minutes— Stretching 10 minutes— 3 Rounds of Shadowboxing— 3-4 Rounds of Sparring

(twice a week)— 3 Rounds of the Heavybag— 3 Rounds of the Double End Bag— 3 Rounds of the Jump Rope— 3 Rounds on the Punch Mitts

or Coach Spar Mitts— 3 Rounds on the Speed Bag— Abdominal Exercises and Stretching 20 minutes

Each round should last two minutes withup to one minute rest in between.

BASIC PROGRAM

Ringside offers a completeline of both heavybagsand double end bags.

Drill work is a great way to work on specific techniques in a controlledsituation. Punch mitts can be used to work on certain combinations,to learn proper footwork and even defense. Start your new boxers

with basic left/right combinations. As they improve, add more punches. When they master this, try moving a little.Continue to add punches and movement as they improve. With some of the mitts available (Coach Spar Mitts), youcan also help your boxers work on defense. Start by throwing a jab at about half speed at your athlete. He/she shouldslip the punch or catch the punch and counter with a jab or straight right. As the boxer gets better at this, increase thespeed until you are imitating an actual punch.

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DRILL WORK

PUNCH MITTSThere is a large selection of punch mitts available today. Many of the mitts havespecific uses, while others do the basic job of providing the boxer with a target.Basically, the punch mitts are an offensive target that the coach or trainer cancontrol to help a boxer work on different offensive skills. Ringside has a completeline of punch mitts to help you come up with the mitt that best fits your program.

COACH SPAR MITTSThese mitts were designed specifically byRingside to give the coach the ability to teach both offense and defense at thesame time. These mitts are padded so that the coach can “catch” the punchesjust like regular punch mitts. The aspect that makes these mitts different is thatthey also give the coach the ability to “tap” the boxer back when he makes amistake. This much more effectively stimulates a real opponent. This ability towork on defense and offense at the same time makes these mitts a must forevery gym.

SUPER BODY PROTECTORThe Super Body Protector provides the coach with a whole new training option. Now his athlete can work on body punches during punch mitt drills. The protectionprovided to the coach by the Super Body Protector means you can work on theforgotten art of body punching without worrying about taking a pounding.

PUNCH SHIELDThis device is a great way to work onoffensive techniques with even the heaviest hitter. It provides a heavily paddedtarget that the coach can move and adjust to fit the specific techniques he isworking on.

There are many other great training devices available from Ringside that a coachcan use to give just the right look to any particular workout.

PUNCH MITTS AND DRILLEQUIPMENT FOR COACHES

When you commence sparring, alwaystry to work on a new punch, a differentmove or defense technique. Never

spar just to be sparring. Learn to love to spar. Boxing can only be learned throughboxing. If you’re sparring with someone of lesser ability, you can still work on avariety of techniques such as body attack, defense or even offense by makingyour punches slightly miss their mark (your sparring partner). By missing punchesyou can evaluate if you are exercising proper balance. Missing punches alsotakes more energy and consequently will aid in your conditioning.

SPARRING

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STOMACHMost boxers look like they have strong stomach muscles, but in realitythey are very weak in this area. Below are a few brief abdominal exercises.

DO ALL UNTIL YOU GET A GOOD BURN!1. Lay on back, knees up, hands behind head, alternate elbows to knees.2. Lay on back, knees up, put ankle of one foot on opposite knee, hands behind head, alternate elbows to knee.

Switch ankle and knee positions.3. Lay flat on back with legs in air at right angle to upper body, alternate elbows to knees.4. Lay flat on back, bring knees up to chest, legs back to floor.5. Lay flat on back, elbows behind head, pump legs in bicycle fashion touching elbow to opposite knee.

The medicine ball is a valuable tool in conditioning the stomach. A couple of basic drills follow.1. Stand back to back with a partner. Plant your legs firmly and rapidly hand the medicine ball off to each other

in a circular fashion. Focus on rotating and twisting at the waist to gain torque in your punches.2. Hold the medicine ball against your chest while lying on your back. Bend your legs and lie directly in front of

a partner. Sit-up and at the top of the movement throw the medicine ball to your partner. He will mimic your movement and throw it back.

A more complete guide to medicine ball workouts is provided free of charge with any Ringside Medicine Ball purchase.Ringside also offers books and videos that expand on the different workouts you can do with the medicine ball.

NECKThis is the most under-worked area on a boxer’s body and must be strengthened to protect a boxer’s head from rotatingin a violent nature when hit with a good shot. Exercising the neck is of extreme importance. Do the following exercisesreligiously.

1. The Wrap Around Neck Strengthener is convenient and very effective. This weighted training device is used by laying flat on the floor. Begin on your back and bend your head forward until your chin touches your chest. Slowly return your head to its starting position. Next, roll over to your side and lift your head to touch your ear. Do this on both sides and then lay face down. Lift your head until it is vertical to the floor, then return it to a horizontal position. Each exercise should be performed in a controlled, deliberate fashion with 15-20 repetitionsper side.

2. The Ringside Neck Strengthener incorporates cables to utilize resistance training which has proven to be extremely effective. This unique cable-system can be attached to a door knob, a ring post or any hook.The exercises it employs are the same as the Wrap Around Neck Strengthener only they’re done from astanding position.

An instruction guide is included with each of these neck-strengthening devices when ordered from Ringside.

ADDITIONAL TRAININGAs previously stated, to become proficient, a boxer needs to train more than three days a week.Running is an excellentmeans of conditioning for boxing, if done properly. Keep in mind that you are training for amateur boxing, not cross-country running or marathon racing. Roadwork should be done as follows:

1. Warm-up by stretching out. 2. Jog a mile or so to warm-up.3. Now comes the workout—Sprint for the same amount of time you will be boxing.

· Junior Division Age 10-11 1 Minute · Intermediate Division Age 12-13 1 ½ Minutes· Senior Division Age 14-15 2 Minutes · Novice Division Age 16-20 2 Minutes· Open Division Age 21 or over, 2 Minutes

Novice Champ

Then rest for one minute and repeat this process three times. When you start to get in shape, you should be coveringmore ground during your sprint. Bring a stopwatch or watch with a second hand to time yourself.

After you have completed your intense sprint program, it is a good idea to finish up with a jog of any length you desire,but remember that your real amateur boxing workout is the sprint routine. Again, the key is training your body for quick,explosive, intensive action.

For a more comprehensive running program, USA Boxing has produced a book called “Coaching Olympic-StyleBoxing”. This details, among other aspects of training, an intense interval running program. “Coaching Olympic-StyleBoxing” is available from Ringside and should be a part of every coach and boxer’s library.

EXERCISES

LEFT JABThis is the most important punch in boxing. The

purpose of the left jab is to keep your opponent on the defense and to accumulate points. If you are keeping a jab inyour opponents face, he will have to concern himself with defense which will afford him less time to work on his offense(hitting you in the nose). You can use the jab to disrupt your opponent’s rhythm and timing, in addition to using it tocontrol the bout.

The left jab is thrown by extending the left hand and arm fully, keeping to left elbow down and turning the forearm sothat the knuckles land in a horizontal position. Speed is derived by keeping the elbow down and snapping the armforward at the elbow joint. Power is possible by slightly pushing the body, particularly your left shoulder, forward withyour right foot and leg when the jab is thrown.

In order to be a competent boxer, you must master the basic fundamentals. Every advanced move or techniqueis based on having solid fundamentals. Take your time and learn them well. This is the most important step inamateur boxing.

1. FOOTWORK: Place your left foot and left shoulder out front. Your feet should be the length of a normal step apart. Your left knee should be bent for balance, and your feet should be pointing toward your opponent. Your feet must also remain apart for purpose of balance. If you move forward, move the left leg first and pick up the distance with the right foot. If you move backward, move the right foot back and then move the left foot after. Moving left or right is accomplished by stepping sideways with the foot of the direction you wish to move.

For instance, if you want to move left, move the left foot to the left and then bring over the right foot. Do the opposite to move right. Do not get into the bad habit of bringing your feet together after you throw punches.It is a waste of energy. Plus, whenever your feet are together, you’re susceptible to being either hit or pushed off balance. Also, when you move forward, don’t drag your right foot. Use it. Make it work so that your weightis evenly distributed.

It is extremely important that your left shoulder is “out front” or pointing towards your opponent. This will allow for full rotation of the shoulders and hips when throwing the right hand. It also puts you in the proper defensive position to guard against the right hand.

Make sure the left shoulder is always higher than the right. If not, you will be susceptible to right hands.A good technique for raising the left shoulder is to bend the right knee. This actually lowers the right shoulder, which should then make the left higher.

2.ELBOWS IN FRONT OF BODY: This willprotect your body against body punches, but more importantly, it will cause your hands to bepositioned in front of your head. This is the idealdefensive position. Also having the elbows in front of the body is the proper position from which to throw punches and also to block uppercuts.

3.HANDS IN FRONT OF HEAD: Your hands should always be held at cheek level to protect the head against your opponent’s blows. The arms from the elbow to the fist must be in a vertical (straight up and down) position at all times.

4. THROW PUNCHES STRAIGHT OUT ANDBRING STRAIGHT BACK TO HEAD: Whenpunches are thrown, the hands should be returned to their on-guard position as quickly as possible to protect the head.

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BASIC FUNDAMENTALS

BASIC OFFENSE

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THE KEYS TO THE LEFT JAB ARE:

1. Throw it from the head.2. Keep your elbow down.3. Snap the arm forward at the elbow joint.4. Push the left shoulder forward by pushing

from the floor with the right foot.5. Return the jab back to the head as quickly

as you throw it out.6. Dot not move your right elbow when throwing the left.

How to jab is as important as knowing when to jab. Unless you are using thejab for probing purposes, it should not be used unless your opponent is withinpunching range. Don’t throw it just to be doing something. Doing so will affordyour opponent the opportunity to gauge your speed and time your punches.Work on the jab until your left arm almost falls off. Take a whole week in thegym and throw only this punch. If you can develop a solid left jab, you will bea good boxer.

STRAIGHT RIGHTFor the beginner, this will be your power punch because

it is delivered with the weight of the body.

1. The right is normally thrown after the left jab.2. Throw the right from the face and bring the

right elbow up to about shoulder level.3. The left knee should be bent for balance.4. Your power will be derived by pushing and

pivoting the right foot, whipping your rightshoulder forward and pivoting the hips.

5. Return the right immediately to the head.

DEFENSE AGAINST THE STRAIGHT RIGHT

1. Keeping the left hand in proper position in front of the head shouldblock most rights.

2. DUCK OR SLIP: Drop the upper body and head forward and to theleft, allowing the right to pass safely by. Be sure to keep your hands in frontof your head as a backup system and also that you will not be cautionedfor head-butting.

2. SLIPPING: This involves avoiding a blow without actually movingthe body out of range. The purpose of slipping is to avoid the blow andmaintain the position to counter. It calls for exact timing and judgment.To be effective, it must be executed so that the blow is escaped by onlythe smallest margin. The two basic slips are outside and inside.

OUTSIDE SLIP: This involves bending at the knees and droppingthe upper body forward and to the right, outside of your opponent’sleft hand. The outside slip is relatively safe because you are slippingaway from the right hand. Always take your catcher’s mitt with you when

you slip as a backup system

These basic defensive maneuvers should be practiced over and overwith a teammate so that they eventually become a reflex action. Haveyour partner throw punches in slow motion while you block them. Afterthe technique is mastered, have him pick up the pace to simulate thereal thing.

DEFENSE AGAINST THE LEFT JAB

1. THE CATCH: The left jab is caught in the palm of the open rightglove (catcher’s mitt). Do not reach out for the jab. Let it come to you.Be sure to keep up resistance in your right hand so you don’t hityourself.

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BASIC DEFENSE

INSIDE SLIP: This involves bending atthe knees and dropping the upper bodyforward to the left, inside of the opponent’sleft jab. Your head should end up directlyover your left knee. This is a somewhatdangerous move because you are movinginto your opponent’s right hand.

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ADVANCED TECHNIQUESTHE LEFT HOOKThe left hook is the most difficult punch to learn correctly. It should neverbe used as a lead punch, only when actual openings are present.

1. This is usually thrown from a close position after aleft jab or a right hand.

2. Use the left foot and hip to pivot or turn your body whilebringing up the elbow to a horizontal position.

3. The forearm should be parallel to the ground whenthe hook lands.

4. The hook is most often thrown with:· Palm In: With this hook, the palm of the hand faces your body.

This is somewhat difficult to master, but when throwncorrectly it can be extremely effective.

5. Keep your left knee bent for balance.6. Return to the “on guard” position.

DEFENSE TO THE LEFT HOOK1. Forearm Block: Cover the right side of your head with your rightarm and touch your ear with your right glove.2. Ducking: Bend your upper body forward from the waist and dip bothknees allowing your head to drop underneath the hook. While ducking,be sure not to take your eyes off your opponent.

UPPERCUTS1. These are usually thrown from the inside with the right after closingthe distance with a left jab or hook. Your arm should be in a half-bentposition and should not dip below the waistline.

DEFENSE AGAINSTUPPERCUTS1. The most effective defense ismerely stepping back out of range.2. Block with your hands andforearms, kept in front of yourhead and body.

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FEINTING, DRAWING,SHELLING-UP ANDINFIGHTINGFEINTINGFeinting is a characteristic of the advanced boxer. It requires using theeyes, hands, body and legs in a single effort to deceive the opponent,to create openings.

1. ARM FEINTS: This includes simply appearing to punch a specificarea with one hand and then doing the opposite.

2.BODY FEINTS: This includes making various movements with thebody to check your opponent’s reaction, such as advancing quickly,dropping your knees or pivoting your shoulders.

DRAWINGDrawing is similar to feinting. In feinting, an opening is created, whilein drawing, some part of the body or head is left unprotected in order toentice the opponent into throwing a specific blow, so that a counter attackcan be executed.

SHELLING UPThis simply means to completelycover your head and body so that novulnerable area is exposed. It isespecially effective when movingan opponent to work off his chestand cut off the punching room.Your hands must be kept in frontof your head or a foul for buttingwill be called.

INFIGHTINGThis is the art of boxing at closerange. To obtain the inside position,it is necessary to advance quickly,slip, weave, duck, draw, or feint.

COMBINATIONSThis is a series of blows delivered in anatural sequence so that an openingmay result. As a combination is thrown,the punches should increase inintensity so that the later blows havemore power.

BASIC COMBINATIONS1. Double or triple left jab to

the chin.

2. Left jab to the chin followed by a left jab to the body.

3. Left jab to the body followed by a left jab to the chin.

4. Left jab to the chin, straight right to the chin (the oldone-two).

5. Left jab to the chin and a straight right to the body.

6. Left jab to the body and a straight right to the chin.

7. Left jab to the chin, straight right to the chin and a left hookto the chin.

8. Left jab to the body and a straight right to the body.

9. Hooking off the jab—left jab to the chin and a left hook tothe chin.

10. Left jab to the chin, straight right to the body and a left hook to the chin.

11. Straight right to the body anda left hook to the chin.

12. Straight right to chin and a left hook to the chin.

13. Straight right to the chin anda left hook to the body.

Ring generalship is a general plan of strategy thought out in advanceof the bout which attempts to nullify the opponent’s strength andtake advantage of his weakness. It also means having the ability toadapt one’s style to that of the opponent.

HOW TO BOX A TALL OPPONENT1. A tall opponent is probably accustomed to having opponents

come to him. Make him come to you2. If he won’t come to you, move in fast and hit. Remain there if you

are successful, otherwise move out quickly.

HOW TO BOX A RUSHER1. Sidestep and stick with the left

jab followed by a right when possible.

2. If the rusher gets close, shell upand move in, giving him no punching room.

HOW TO BOX A JABBER1. Keep your right hand in proper

defensive position to catchthe jab.

2. Slip or duck the jab and move into counter to the body or head.

3. Continually force your opponentand try to corner him on the ropesso that close range can be attained.

HOW TO BOX A SLUGGER1. Keep moving. Don’t let your opponent get set.2. Move in quickly and launch a sudden attack.3. Move out quickly and don’t slug.

HOW TO BOX A SOUTH-PAW(LEFT HANDED BOXER)1. Don’t lead. Make the south-paw come to you.2. All south-paws have very powerful straight left hands. Always circle

to your left, away from the left hand. Keep your right hand (catcher’smitt) ready to catch his big left hand if he throws it.

3. When the south-paw throws a jab, slip to his left and counterwith a left hook.

4. Remember the left hook is the most effective weapon againsta south-paw.

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RING STRATEGY1. USE YOUR HEAD. Fight with

your head, not your hands. Out-think your opponent, and you will out-box him.

2. BE IN CONDITION. Nothing makes up for good physical conditioning.

3. RELAX.If you are tense, you expend energy.

4. KNOW THE FUNDAMENTALS. There will be many chances to

use them.

5. APPEAR CONFIDENT ATALL TIMES. If you are hurt,don’t show it.

6. NEVER FORGET THAT YOUR OPPONENT IS AS TIRED AS YOU ARE.

7. THE LEFT HAND IS THE SAFEST LEAD. Use it often.

8. KEEP MOVING. To stand in onespot means you are an easy target.

However, don’t jump around and make unnecessary movements.

9. CARRY YOUR HANDSHIGH AT ALL TIMES.

10. PUNCH WHEN YOUR OPPONENT IS IN RANGE.If you wait, you will be punched.

11. IF A BLOW IS MISSED OR YOU ARE OFF-BALANCE, COVER UP AND PROTECT YOURSELF.

12. PUZZLE THE OPPONENT BYA VARIETY OF MANEUVERS.

Rarely do the same thingtwice in succession.

13. WHENEVER YOUROPPONENT GETSSET TO HIT, MOVE.

RING GENERALSHIP

The proper diet for a boxer would be much like the proper diet fora wrestler or sprinter. A high carbohydrate diet with a fair amount ofprotein and low fat is a real plus. A boxer should eat balanced mealsof meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, fruits and whole grain breads andcereals.

Try to avoid eating large amounts of red meat. Eat more fish, chickenand turkey. Avoid processed foods that are full of chemicals such aspotato chips, most snacks, ice cream, etc. Sugar is a poison to thebody. Keep its use to a minimum level. Because boxing is so vigorous,it is advisable that a daily vitamin supplement be used. Drink a largeamount of water to replenish lost liquids and to clean out your system.Adelle Davis, a famous nutritionist said it best, “You are what youeat”.

LOSING WEIGHTGenerally speaking, you will be better off boxing in the lowest possibleweight class so that you might have a power and strength advantage.There is a limit to how far you can go, and your body will usuallytell you that limit.Bringing your weight down must be done gradually,not in one week. Do not fast. Eat fruits, vegetables and lowcalorie meats.

Amateur bouts are judged by trained officials who are counting thenumber of effective blows that are landed, but the factor of humannature should still be considered. Judges will look for certain thingsthat can influence their vote. The following are a few of these things.

1. When you come into the ring, appear confident, but never cocky. Act like you know what you’re doing and try to achieve eye contact

with the judges. Smile and nod to them.

2. Always exercise sportsman-like conduct even if your opponent calls your mother a name. Your opponent wants you to display bad sportsmanship for his advantage.

3. Never, EVER showboat, such as talking to your opponent, shufflingyour feet or dropping your hands, etc. The judges do not like it and will vote against you. Judges like and favor boxers who havea classic style of keeping their hands up and moving gracefully.

4. If you have been assigned to the red corner, wear a predominantlyred uniform. If you are boxing out of the blue corner, wear predominantly blue. This will make you and your punches easierfor the judge to identify.

14

BASIC RULES1. No hitting below the

belt or behind the head.

2. No kidney punches.

3. No holding.

4. No hitting with theopen glove.

5. No hitting on the break

6. Never talk to the refereeof your opponent duringthe bout.

7. Protect yourself atall times.

8. No holding and hitting.

9. No moving in on an opponent unless your hands are in front ofyour head.

10. No intentional spitting out of your mouthpiece.

11. An eight second rest is given when a boxerappears hurt.

12. When an opponentis knocked down, proceed to the furthestneutral corner.

13. Remember that pointsare scored on boxing ability, not on the power of the punches.

DIET

HOW TO WIN ANAMATEUR BOUT

Generally speaking, it is more economical in the longrun to buy the best equipment that will provide bothsafety and durability. Compare products and talk toother boxers and coaches before you spend yourmoney. An intelligent coach will always recommendRingside.

TRAINING GLOVES1. BAG GLOVES: It is important that the gloves you

use to hit the bags or work punch mitts will provideyou with optimal protection for your hands.They should also be comparable in weight to the gloves that you compete in. That way you will condition your arms to handle the weight of competition gloves.

RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENTFROM RINGSIDE

Ultimate Bag Gloves—Super Bag Gloves—Power BagGloves—Contender Super Bag Gloves

2. SPARRING GLOVES: Sparring Gloves come inmany different sizes and designs. The sizes usuallyrange from 14 oz. to 18 oz. The heavier gloves will naturally provide a greater level of protection,and at the same time will force the arms to work harder because of the added weight. The differentdesigns are basically divided into two distinct groups—lace-up and elastic. This differencerefers to the way the glove is put on the boxer.The lace-up design is the traditional glove designthat requires someone to lace the glove and tie iton the boxer. The elastic wrist design is much

15

PROPER EQUIPMENT FOR AMATEUR BOXINGsimpler and quicker for a coach to put on the athlete.Someone with a lot of boxers or a limited number ofsparring gloves should consider this time saver. Theother design differences are just a matter of preference.


Ultimate Classic Training Gloves (lace or elastic)Safety Training Gloves (lace or elastic)

International Style Training Gloves (lace or elastic)Heavy-Hitter Gloves

Contender Training Gloves (lace or elastic)Junior Safety Training Gloves

TRAINING HEADGEARThis is a VITAL piece of personal equipment! The entirepurpose of the headgear is to protect that fragile littlecomputer that sits on your shoulders. Be sure that youget the most protective headgear you possible can.There are several brands and designs on the market,so be sure to try to find the best protection, visibilityand fit for you. The best headgear is constructed ofleather. The headgear should fit snug so that it doesn’tshift on your headduring your workout.It should also bedesigned for goodvisibility withoutcompromisingprotection.

RECOMMENDEDEQUIPMENTFightgear, Inc.1 (800) 684-0544

16

GYM EQUIPMENTThe ideal combination of equipment that you need foryour gym will depend on your own specific program,but we will try to give you a general idea of the basicsfound in most gyms. There are large assortments ofdifferent bags on the market today, and it can beconfusing. Try to stick to the basics in the beginning,and then you can look to specialized bags as youidentify your individual training needs.

HEAVYBAGSYou can find many different heavybags in an assort-ment of weights, sizes and materials. Try to rememberthat they all do the same job. The idea that buyingquality is best applies here just as it did with thepersonal gear. Make sure that you get a bag that will

hold up to your workoutneeds. Most gyms usecanvas heavybags becausethey are less expensive. Agood canvas heavybag isusually tough enough forthe normal workout. Manyof the bigger (or betterfunded) gyms use leatherheavybags. The leather bagrepresents a larger initialinvestment, but in the longrun it will last much longer.

It is also possible to getheavybags from Ringsidethat are custom filled toyour preference. You canget them with the regularfirm fill or with a soft fill thatprovides a two-inch foamliner in the bag to reducewear and tear on yourhands. Again, this is amatter of preference. Youcan also custom order bagsto different weights. Inaddition, heavybags can be

ordered unfilled so that you can save money and fillthe bag to your own specifications.


Canvas Heavybag—Leather Heavybag—PowerhideHeavybag—Water Bags—Headhunter Bag

Free Standing Heavybag

DOUBLE END BAGSThis bag is great for developing hand/eye coordination,hand speed, combinations, and accuracy. Becausethe bag bounces back when you hit it, you can alsopractice your defensive techniques with this bag.All in all, this is probably oneof the most effective teachingtools in any gym. Here again,there are a variety of sizesand shapes available to caterto your workout. The smallerdouble end bags are fasterand more difficult to hit, sostart out with the larger one.Even after your athletesgraduate to the smaller bags,they will still get a greatworkout on the originalbag.

If you aren’t able to drill intoyour floor to mount a doubleend bag, Ringside has agreat product that you canuse to anchor the bottom ofthe bag. It’s called “The Rock”. It provides a very solid,stable mount for your double end bag without havingto be mounted to anything.


Double End Bag—Double Double End Bag—FilledDouble End Bag

SPEED BAGS1. Speed Bags: Here again, there are a large varietyof brands and sizes available so youwill need to decide on the one thatis best for you. The smaller thebag, the faster it moves, so youwill want to start out with a largerbag and then as you get thehang of it, you can go to asmaller size.

RECOMMENDEDEQUIPMENT FROMRINGSIDEX-Small Speed Bag (5”x8”)Small Speed Bag (6”x9”)Medium Speed Bag (7”x10”)Large Speed Bag (7”x11”)

2. Speed Bag Swivels: The selection of swivelson the market provide for many different specific needsand jobs. Some are designed for speed while othersare made to change bags or platforms easier. Try tofind the best design for you that will provide for speed,durability and proper action.


Pro-Swivel—Super Swivel—Traditional Pro-Swivel

3. Speed Bag Platforms: The most important featureof a speed bag platform is stability. Make sure that youhave a stable wall to mount it on. Because there isa lot of vibration that occurs during the normal use ofthis piece of equipment, it is a good idea to checkyour platform often for loose nuts and bolts. Anotherimportant feature of a good platform is the ability toadjust the height easily. This is very important if youhave a gym with a large number of boxers.


Professional Model Speed Bag PlatformMiddleweight Model Speed Bag Platform

Economical Model Speed Bag PlatformUltimate Classic Speed Bag Platform

PUNCH MITTSAs we mentioned in an earlier section of the manual,punch mitts are a very effective and necessary toolfor any gym. They are used to work on offensive

17

techniques and conditioning. They should have a thick,foam padded target area with a secure glove on theback to provide stability. It is also important that theybe long enough to protect the wrist.


Traditional Punch Mitts—Panther Punch Mitts—UltraLight Punch Mitts—Air Mitts

COACH SPAR MITTSWe discussed the advantages of Coach Spar Mitts foryour workout. The added option of teaching defensemakes these mitts a real plus for your gym.

SUPER BODY PROTECTORThis piece of equipment is very helpful for teachingbody punching without the coach suffering theconsequences. This product gives your athlete theability to actually throw body punches at the body. Theuse of the Heavy Hitter Pad will help protect you fromeven the biggest punches.

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENTSome additional equipment that you will find veryhelpful includes the Maize Ball for learning to slippunches, the Slip Stick for mobility and defense, andthe Heavybag Attachment for more punching options.There are many more great tools that are all explainedin detail in our catalog.


WIPSS Jaw Joint Protector—Super GuardThe Shock Doctor—Black Beauty

Double Guard—Single Guard

GROIN PROTECTORThe “cup” is another vitalpiece of equipment. Manystyles and designs providea large variety of personalprotection needs. Someof the larger designs notonly protect the groinand the lower abdomen,but also the hips andupper abdomen. Ringsidealso offers specific protectorsfor women. The Female Groin-Abdominal Protector providesadditional coverage for women’s hips and kidneys.There are also chest protectors that aid in the defenseagainst chest blows and help protect the sternum.


Ultimate Classic No Foul Protector—No FoulProtector—Groin Abdominal Protector—Mexican Style

No Foul Protector—Female No Foul Protector

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENTAs you become moreproficient in this sport, youwill probably want to expandon your personal gear as wellas your competition gear.Things like shoes, trunks,competition headgear androbes are some of the thingsyou may consider as youprogress. Ringside offers acomplete line of personalequipment in our latestcatalog.

18

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

HANDWRAPSThis is probably the most important piece of equipmentany boxer ever uses. The number one health reasonthat a boxer quits boxing is a hand injury. As indicatedearlier, there are 26 small, delicate bones in everyhuman hand, and they take a huge amount of impactduring every workout. Handwraps are the first line ofdefense against injury. There are several styles available.Some are slightly elastic. Others are for smaller hands.Your personal needs will determine what works bestfor you.


Classic Handwraps—Ultimate HandwrapsMexican Handwraps—Junior Handwraps

MOUTHPIECESAlso very important to the safety of the boxer is aproperly fitted and protective mouthpiece. Theassortment of mouthpieces available today isoverwhelming, so don’t rush into a mouthpiecepurchase until you are sure it provides the protectionyou need. You may want to consult your dentist forsome advice. Talking to more experienced boxers cangive you some good input on the subject, too.

Make club T-shirts available for all members topurchase. It creates pride and is good advertisingfor the program. Set up a programin which your boxers receive a free club jacketor warm-up after participating in a requirednumber of bouts—ten to fifteen is a good numberto strive for.

Boxers, like any other athletes, need goals andobjectives to aim for, so consequently it isnecessary to set up a schedule of matches foryour competitive boxers to motivate them to stayin shape. How long would football playerspractice if there were no games scheduled?

Another good idea, especially if you have a good size team, is to supportseveral local charities such as Muscular Dystrophy, March of Dimes, Etc.It is good for your boxers to appreciate the fact that there are many whoare less fortunate and need help. It is also great public relations for theclub. Have your team run collectively in some benefit 10K races all wearingteam T-shirts and running as a group.

All of these activities are geared to instill in your boxers the fact that throughwork, persistence, diligence and pride, all goals and objectives can beattained—a very important lesson to learn.

19

HOW TO MOTIVATE YOUR BOXERS

Fortunately there are manyprograms in this country that allowboxer participation at manydifferent levels.

The national governing body ofamateur boxing is USA Boxingwhich is responsible for the rulesand regulations of the sport. USABoxing sponsors the annualNational Boxing Championships,National Junior Olympics, NationalSports Festival, Olympic and Pan-American Game Trials andOperation Gold and offersscholarships to deserving boxers.

USA Boxing is headquartered atthe Olympic Training Center inColorado Springs and has a staffof professionals that are supportedby a large national network ofvolunteers. The country is dividedinto 18 regions, each with achairman and are further dissectedinto 60 associations each also witha chairman. It is these volunteers

ESTABLISHED BOXING PROGRAMSand their love of the sport which arethe backbone of the program.

The Silver Gloves Program is thepremiere event for 10-15 year-oldboxers. It is a superlative programfocused on developing young talent.

The following is a list of programswith people to contact in referenceto these and other amateur boxingprograms.

USA BOXING1750 East Boulder StreetColorado Springs, Colorado 80909Phone: 719-578-4506

NATIONAL JUNIOROLYMPICSSonny Duncan 719-520-6507

NATIONAL SILVER GLOVESRay Rodgers 501-225-7998

NATIONAL GOLDEN GLOVESJim Beasley 316-663-6942

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RINGSIDETRAININGINSTRUCTIONALVIDEOS

Beginning with thefirst tape in theseries, Ringsidecovers the basicsand moves intoadvances boxingtechniques.

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ALSO AVAILABLE FROM RINGSIDEARE THESE AND OTHEROUTSTANDING TITLES:

1. Great Trainers Video Series2. Weight Training for the Boxer3. Ringside Conditioning Video

Call 1-877-4-BOXING or go online atwww.ringside.com to order or requesta 180-page catalog full of boxing-related instructional videos and books.

THE FIRST-EVER, MOST COMPREHENSIVE PACKAGE ON ALL IT TAKES TO START, RUN,MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE A BOXING PROGRAM, THIS MULTI-PIECE PACKET IS AN IDEALRESOURCE FOR ANSWERING PROSPECTIVE BOXER’S QUESTIONS, CAUTIOUS PARENT’SFEARS AND HESITANT SUPPORTERS DOUBTS.

1.) Manual One—How to Start a Boxing Program: Includes a step by step guide to building a club from the ground up, how to attract new boxersand coaches and how to run a successful program.

2.) Manual Two—Funding and Running a Boxing Program: Covers the basic economics of building a gym, ideas on how to finance your athletes, team activities and special tips for fundraising.

3.) Manual Three—USA Boxing’s Fundraising Program: This booklet focuses on raising money, generating funds for travel and managing gym expenses. It also provided a general outline that includes several informativeconcepts and valuable ideas.

4.) Manual Four—Amateur Boxing IS Safe: Provides a myriad of facts and statistics that demonstrate the safe nature of boxing and how it comparesto more popular, scholastically supported sports.

5.) Manual Five—Ringside Boxing Manual: The ideal guidebook for coachesand boxers. From the beginning fundamentals to proper use of equipment,this complete manual has been compiled from years of research. It is an invaluable booklet for anyone with an interest in the sport of boxing.

6.) Flyer One—Why Boxing?: The psychological and social benefits of boxingare enormous. Why all youth should look to boxing as a athletic outlet is explained in this informational brochure.

7.) Flyer Two—A Guide for the Beginning Boxer: A handout for parentsand prospective athletes that provides answers to the most often asked questions and what to expect from participating in the sport

If you’ve ever wondered…

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