Bovine theileriosisA case study survey at chitwan,Nepal

Dr.Jibachha SahM.V.Sc (T.U.),VHRTC(P)LTD.B.N.P.-5,Lanku,Narayanagarh,Chitwan,Nepal.Phone:00977-56-570726,Email.jibachha@yahoo.com

Theileriosis

• It is disease of exotic cattle.

• Characterized by high fever,enlargements of superficial lymph nodes,anemia.

• Prostration & death.

Etiology

• Theileria annulata,round,ovoid,rod shaped organism found within erythrocyte

.

• Blue kotch bodies found in lymphoblast of lymph nodes biopsy.

Pathogenesis of theileriosis

• When parasite – infected tick bites a susceptible animal.first parasite go to lymphnodes and spleen.

• Where they invade the lymphocyte multiply ,producing “Koch’s blue bodies”,are merozoints.

• Early macromerozoites produce micrimerozoites ,entered in blood as piroplasm.

Epidemiologyof theileriosis

District Theileria Babesia Anaplasma Negative Total

Chitwan 13 16 4 7 40

Gorkha 3 23 4 10 13

Total 16 23 4 10 53

Graphic presentation ofTheileriosis

0

5

10

15

20

25

Theileria Anaplasma

ChitwanGorkhaTotal

Heavy tick infestedcow

Local cattle are resistant to theileriosis but may carrier

Blue kotch bodies in erythrocyte

Theileria annulata in erythrocyte

Theileria annulatain erythrocyte

Symptoms

• Enlargement of superficial lymph nodes

• High fever,105 –108 F

• Increase heart and respiratory rate

• Labored breathing,serous nasal discharged.

Cont…

• Coughing,restlessness,coat become rough

• In latter fever become decline,develop of anemia

• Jaundice also occurs followed by weakness.

• Prostration and death.

Heifer suffering from theileriosisenlarged prescapular lymph node

Enlargement of prescapularlymph nodes

Hematology

• Fall hemoglobin level ( low as 2 gm/100 ml.).

• Decrease TEC (1.5 –2 million/cmm),PCV 7-9 % .

• Leukocytesis earlier followed by leucopoenia..

Cont…

• Anisocytosis,polychromasia(many co lour erythrocytes).

• Comma,ovoid,round shaped organism seen in smears.

Biochemical Change

• Low level of calcium & protein in serum.

Postmortem Change

• Emaciated ,pale mucous membrane.

• Distention of gall bladder with thick bile.

• Punch necrotic ulceration in abomasums.

• Petechial necrotic hemorrhage on kidney & lungs.

• Enlarged lymph nodes.

Patecial hemorrhage on kidneyin theileriosis

Hemorrhages lymph nodes

Enlargement of cerebellum vein

Punch ulceration in abomasumsa pathognomic lesion

Punch ulceration in abomasumsa pathognomic lesion

Enlargement of cerebellum vein

Treatment

• Buparva quine @ 2.5 mg per kg body wt I/m with supportive therapy.

• Diminazene diaceturate @ 10 mg /kg body wt + oxy tetracycline @ 20 mg/kg body wt. On four occasion with supportive therapy is beneficial.

prevention

• Prevention depends upon tick control.

• Tick can be eliminated by repeated dipping.

• In endemic area theleria vaccine “ Raksha Vac- T(Indian Immunological) can be used.