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Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls Bouncing Balls

Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Page 1: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 1

Bouncing BallsBouncing Balls

Page 2: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 2

Introductory QuestionIntroductory Question

If you place a tennis ball on a If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the basketball and drop this stack on the ground, how high will the tennis ball ground, how high will the tennis ball bounce?bounce?

A.A. To approximately its original heightTo approximately its original height

B.B. Much higher than its original heightMuch higher than its original height

C.C. Much less than its original heightMuch less than its original height

Page 3: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 3

Observations aboutObservations aboutBouncing BallsBouncing Balls

Some balls bounce better than Some balls bounce better than othersothers

Dropped balls don’t rebound to their Dropped balls don’t rebound to their full heightfull height

Balls bounce differently from Balls bounce differently from different surfacesdifferent surfaces

Ball bounce differently from moving Ball bounce differently from moving objectsobjects

Page 4: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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4 Questions about 4 Questions about Bouncing BallsBouncing Balls

Why can’t a ball that’s dropped on a Why can’t a ball that’s dropped on a hard floor rebound to its starting hard floor rebound to its starting height?height?

Why does the floor’s surface affect the Why does the floor’s surface affect the bounce?bounce?

How does a ball bounce when it hits a How does a ball bounce when it hits a bat?bat?

What happens to the bat when a ball What happens to the bat when a ball hits it? hits it?

Page 5: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Question 1Question 1

Why can’t a ball that’s dropped on a Why can’t a ball that’s dropped on a hard floor rebound to its starting hard floor rebound to its starting height?height?

What happens to ball’s energy as it What happens to ball’s energy as it bounces?bounces?

Page 6: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 6

Bouncing from a Rigid Bouncing from a Rigid FloorFloor

As it strikes a rigid floor, a ball’s As it strikes a rigid floor, a ball’s kinetic energy decreases by the “collision” energykinetic energy decreases by the “collision” energy elastic potential energy increases as it dentselastic potential energy increases as it dents

As it rebounds from that surface, the ball’sAs it rebounds from that surface, the ball’s elastic potential energy decreases as it undentselastic potential energy decreases as it undents kinetic energy increases by the “rebound” energykinetic energy increases by the “rebound” energy

Rebound energy < collision energyRebound energy < collision energy A “lively” ball wastes little energy as thermal A “lively” ball wastes little energy as thermal

energyenergy A “dead” ball wastes most of its energyA “dead” ball wastes most of its energy

Page 7: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 7

Page 8: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Measuring a Ball’s Measuring a Ball’s LivelinessLiveliness

Coefficient of RestitutionCoefficient of Restitution is a measure of a ball’s livelinessis a measure of a ball’s liveliness is the ratio of outgoing to incoming is the ratio of outgoing to incoming

speeds:speeds:

coefficient of restitution = coefficient of restitution = outgoing speed / incoming speedoutgoing speed / incoming speed

Page 9: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Question 2Question 2

Why does the floor’s surface affect Why does the floor’s surface affect the bounce?the bounce?

Page 10: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 10

Bouncing from an Elastic Bouncing from an Elastic FloorFloor

Both ball and floor dent during a bounceBoth ball and floor dent during a bounce Work is proportional to dent distanceWork is proportional to dent distance Denting floor stores and returns energyDenting floor stores and returns energy

A “lively” floor wastes little energyA “lively” floor wastes little energy A “dead” floor wastes most of its energyA “dead” floor wastes most of its energy

A floor has a coefficient of restitution, tooA floor has a coefficient of restitution, too A soft, lively floor can help the ball A soft, lively floor can help the ball

bounce!bounce!

Page 11: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Question 3Question 3

How does a ball bounce when it hits How does a ball bounce when it hits a bat?a bat?

Do both the ball and bat bounce?Do both the ball and bat bounce?

Page 12: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Bouncing from Moving Bouncing from Moving SurfacesSurfaces

Incoming speed → approaching Incoming speed → approaching speedspeed

Outgoing speed → separating speedOutgoing speed → separating speed Coefficient of Restitution becomes:Coefficient of Restitution becomes:

coefficient of restitution =coefficient of restitution = separating speed / approaching separating speed / approaching

speedspeed

Page 13: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

Bouncing Balls 13

Ball and Bat Ball and Bat (Part 1)(Part 1)

Ball heads toward home plate at 100 Ball heads toward home plate at 100 km/hkm/h

Bat heads toward pitcher at 100 Bat heads toward pitcher at 100 km/hkm/h

Approaching speed is 200 km/hApproaching speed is 200 km/h

Page 14: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Ball and Bat Ball and Bat (Part 2)(Part 2)

Approaching speed is 200 km/hApproaching speed is 200 km/h Baseball’s coefficient of restitution: Baseball’s coefficient of restitution:

0.550.55 Separating speed is 110 km/hSeparating speed is 110 km/h

Page 15: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Ball and Bat Ball and Bat (Part 3)(Part 3)

Separating speed is 110 km/hSeparating speed is 110 km/h Bat heads toward pitcher at 100 Bat heads toward pitcher at 100

km/hkm/h Ball heads toward pitcher at 210 Ball heads toward pitcher at 210

km/hkm/h

Page 16: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Introductory Question Introductory Question (revisited)(revisited)

If you place a tennis ball on a If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the basketball and drop this stack on the ground, how high will the tennis ball ground, how high will the tennis ball bounce?bounce?

A.A. To approximately its original heightTo approximately its original height

B.B. Much higher than its original heightMuch higher than its original height

C.C. Much less than its original heightMuch less than its original height

Page 17: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Question 4Question 4

What happens to the bat when a ball What happens to the bat when a ball hits it?hits it?

Page 18: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Bouncing’s Effects on Bouncing’s Effects on ObjectsObjects

A bouncing ball transfers momentumA bouncing ball transfers momentum while stoppingwhile stopping while reboundingwhile rebounding

A livelier ball transfers more momentumA livelier ball transfers more momentum A bouncing ball can also transfer energyA bouncing ball can also transfer energy These two transfers together govern These two transfers together govern

bouncingbouncing A ball transfers momentum and energy to a batA ball transfers momentum and energy to a bat Identical elastic balls can transfer motion Identical elastic balls can transfer motion

perfectlyperfectly

Page 19: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Impact ForcesImpact Forces

Harder surfaces bounce fasterHarder surfaces bounce faster Momentum is transferred more quicklyMomentum is transferred more quickly Time is shorter, so force is largerTime is shorter, so force is larger

No one likes bouncing off hard No one likes bouncing off hard surfacessurfaces

Page 20: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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The Ball’s Effects on a The Ball’s Effects on a BatBat

The ball pushes the bat back and twists it, The ball pushes the bat back and twists it, tootoo

When the ball hits the bat’s center of When the ball hits the bat’s center of percussion,percussion, the bat’s backward and rotational motions the bat’s backward and rotational motions

balancebalance the bat’s handle doesn’t jerkthe bat’s handle doesn’t jerk

When the ball hits the bat’s vibrational node,When the ball hits the bat’s vibrational node, the bat doesn’t vibratethe bat doesn’t vibrate more energy goes into the ballmore energy goes into the ball

Page 21: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Page 22: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Page 23: Bouncing Balls 1 Bouncing Balls. Bouncing Balls 2 Introductory Question If you place a tennis ball on a basketball and drop this stack on the ground,

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Summary about Summary about Bouncing BallsBouncing Balls

Each ball has a coefficient of Each ball has a coefficient of restitutionrestitution

Energy lost in a bounce becomes Energy lost in a bounce becomes thermalthermal

The surface can affect a ball’s The surface can affect a ball’s bouncebounce

Surfaces bounce, tooSurfaces bounce, too