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Basal Monocots

Group 3

2-B1

Bautista, Alyssa

Belen, Alexis

Bitera, Christine Danica

Buenaventura, GelsieRose

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Lauraceae 

Cinnamomum myrianthum Litsea glutinosa 

Diagnostic features:

Most of the Lauraceae are evergreen trees in habit. The fruits of Lauraceae are drupes,

one-seeded fleshy fruit with a hard layer, the endocarp, surrounding the seed. However,

the endocarp is very thin, so the fruit resemble a one-seeded berry. The fruit in some

species are partly immersed or covered in a cup-shaped or deep thick cupule, which isformed from the tube of the calyx where the peduncle joins the fruit; this gives the fruit

an appearance similar to an acorn.

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Annonaceae

 Annona squamosaa. Art abot ryshexapet al u 

 Artabotrys hexapetalus

Diagnostic features:

Bark is fibrous and aromatic. Pith septate to diaphragmed. Branching distichous or

spiral. Leaves are alternate, two-ranked, simple, pinnately veined, and have leaf stalks.

Stipules absent. Flower stalks are axillary to leaf scars on old wood and sometimes

from leaves on new shoots. The flowers are usually trimerous; borne singly or in

compound inflorescences; bisexual and rarely unisexual. The receptacle might become

enlarged, elevated or flat. The outer whorls are inserted below the ovaries, and have

valvate (overlapping) or imbricate (nonoverlapping) segments. Usually two to fourpersistent sepals that are distinct or connate (fused) at the base. Six petals in two

unequal whorls of three with larger outer whorls and fleshier inner whorls that might

share the same nectar glands, or six to fifteen petals, with impressed veins on their

inner face. Ten to twenty (or many more) stamens inserted below the ovary, spirally

arranged and forming a ball or flat-topped mass with short and stout filaments and linear

to oblong anthers which face outward and open longitudinally. Each flower can have

from one to many pistils, distinct to connate, with stigmas distinct. Marginal placentation,

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each pistil bearing one locule, with one to many ovules. Style short and thick, with

terminal stigma. Fruits are single berries or coalesce from several. Seeds are one to

many per pistil; have a fleshy and usually brightly colored cover, have ruminate

endosperm and are oily.

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Magnoliaceae

Magnolia coco Magnolia x alba

Diagnostic features:

Most have bisexual flowers are showy, fragrant, radial, and with an elongated

receptacle. Leaves are alternate, simple, and sometimes lobed. The inflorescence is a

solitary, showy flower with indistinguishable petals and sepals. Sepals range from six to

many; stamens are numerous and feature short filaments which are poorly differentiated

from the anthers. Carpels are usually numerous, distinct, and on an elongated

receptacle or torus. The fruit is an etario of follicles which usually become closely

appressed as they mature and open along the abaxial surface. Seeds have a fleshy

coat and color that ranges from red to orange. Magnoliaceae flowers are beetle

pollinated, except for Liriodendron, which is bee pollinated. The carpels of Magnolia

flowers are especially thick to avoid damage by beetles that land, crawl, and feast on

them. The seeds of Magnolioideae are bird dispersed, while the seeds of Liriodendron

are wind dispersed.

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Chloranthaceae

Chloranthus erectus Sarcandra glabra

Diagnostic features:

Members of this family are aromatic and have opposite, evergreen leaves with

distinctive serrate margins and interpetiolar stipules (similar to the stipules found in

family Rubiaceae). The flowers are inconspicuous, and arranged in inflorescences.

Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes so are sepals. The flowers can be either

hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is drupe-like, consisting of one carpel.

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Calycanthaceae

Chinamonanthus praecox Sinocalycanthus chinensis 

Diagnostic features:

Member of this family (sweetshrubs or spicebushes) are a

small family of  flowering plants in the order  Laurales. They are

aromatic, deciduous shrubs growing to 2 –4 m tall, except for Idiospermum, which is a

large evergreen tree. The flowers are white to red, with spirally arranged tepals

The members of  Calycanthaceae differ from most of the other families in

Laurales in having seeds with a large embryo and little if any endosperm at maturity.

The leaves of Calycanthaceae species tend to be thinner and softer than other

members of Laurales because they are deciduous plants of the temperate zone. The

pollen sacs on the numerous stamens dehisce by longitudinal slits, and the pollen is

biaperturate. There are 1 to 35 carpels per flower.