Botany Microbiology

8/10/2019 Botany Microbiology

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SYLLABUS

HNB GARHWAL UNIVERSITY, SRINAGAR-GARHWAL

2011-2012 ONWARDS

Department o Botan! an" #$%ro&$o'o(!

#a)ter o S%$en%e1* BOTANY

+To Year o.r)e- Seme)ter S!)tem/

Admission of the Masters Program in Botany shall be through entrance examination

conducted by the University and the program shall be based on credit system in which credit

defines the quantum of content/ syllabus prescribed for a course system and determines thenumber of hours of instruction per wee!

"he student shall be eligible for admission to a Masters #egree Program in Botany after

he/she has successfully completed a three year undergraduate degree or earned prescribednumber of credits through the examinations conducted by University as equivalent to an

undergraduate degree!

$ore courses prescribed for every %emester shall be mandatory for all students registered for

the Masters Program in Botany and shall carry minimum &' credits! Besides this there shall be(lective courses offered in semester ))) and )* and shall carry a minimum of +, credits! A self

study course would comprise of maximum -. credits of which one minimum - credits shall

be mandatory which shall not be included while calculating grades!

(ach candidate is expected to participate in the field surveys and excursions required for the

0aboratory $ourses as and when organi1ed by the #epartment! %ubsequent to that the studentwould have to present a detailed report of such visits at the time of %emester Practicalexamination!

)n order to qualify for a two year masters degree2 a student must acquire a minimum of 34credits including a minimum of +, credits in electives choosing at least two elective 5leading to

a minimum -6 credits7 offered by other departments and one qualifying self study course of

minimum - credits! #issertation is an elective one mandatory for every student! "he

dissertation is to be allotted in the beginning of ))) %emester and would be submitted during theexamination of the )* %emester!


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#* S%* Seme)ter I +.'! to Noem&er/

o"e aper re"$t)3

B%$+-+ )! Mycology and Microbiology -

B%$+-4 ))! Phycology and Bryology -

B%$+- )))! Pteridology2 8ymnosperm and Palaeobotany -B%$+-' )*! "axonomy and #iversity of 9lowering Plants -

B%$+-& *! 0aboratory $ourse ):: -

B%$+-6 *)! 0aboratory $ourse )) -

ore re"$t)4 15

#* S%* Seme)ter II +De%em&er to Apr$'/

o"e aper re"$t)

B%$+-3 *))! Plant #evelopment and ;eproductive Biology -

B%$+-, *)))! ;esource Utili1ation2 )P; and (thnobotany -

B%$+-. )

B%$++-

B%$++4


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#* S%* Seme)ter IV +De%em&er to Apr$'/

o"e aper re"$t

B%$++. B%$+4- B%$+4+ imalayan woods

$hromosome Analysis and )ndexing of >imalayan 9lora$onservation of endangered species

(cosystem analysis!

(nvironmental )mpact Assessment>igh altitude (cology and $limate $hange

)nvasion (cology

)nventori1ation of unexplored Areas and >otspots0imnology

Plant Biodiversity AssessmentPollution MonitoringPopulation/weed/ ;eproductive Biology

%urvey of 0ess nown (conomic Plants

Any other current trends / topics suggested by the #epartmental committee


4/89

BS 101* aper I; #YOLOGY AND #IROBIOLOGY

#YOLOGY

+! >istory of Mycology )ndia and abroad!

4! 8eneral characters of 9ungiC %ubstrate relationship in fungi $ell ultra structure unicellularand multicellular organi1ation2 nutrition 5saprobic2 biotrophic2 symbiotic7 reproduction

5vegetative2 asexual2 sexual7 ;ecent trends in the classification!

! Phylogeny of 9ungi 8eneral account of Mastigomycotina2 Dygomycotina2 Ascomycotina2Basidiomycotina2 #euteromycotina 9ungi in industry2 medicine and as food!

Mycorrhi1ae 9ungi as biocontrol agents!

'! Mycotoxins!

&! Phytopathogenic fungi!

#IROBIOLOGY

6! A brief history of Microbiology2 the diversity of microEorganisms2 microbial growth2

microbial control!3! Archaebacteria and (ubacteriaC 8eneral account ultrastructure2 nutrition and reproduction

biology and economic importance cyanobacteriaE classification2 salient features and

economic importance!,! *irusesC $haracteristics isolation and purification of viruses chemical nature2 replication2

"ransmission of viruses economic importance!

.! PhytoplasmaC 8eneral characteristics and role in causing plant diseases! 5e!g! sandal spie

disease2 sesamum phyllody2 little leaf of brinFal7+-! )mmunologyC %tructure of antigens and antibodies2 antigenE antibody reaction2 2

Mechanism of antigenEantibody reactions! *accines and toxoids2 >ypersensitivity

++! )ndustrial MicrobiologyC fermentation2 alcoholic beverages2 dairy products 5cheese andbutter72 en1ymes 5amylase2 protease72 industrial spoilage of food and dairy products2

Preparation of papers2 textiles2 cordage2 leather2 paints and rubber2 Biofertili1ers and

biopesticides!+4! (nvironmental microbiology2 soil and water!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Ainsworth2 8!$! +.3+! Ainsworth and Bisbys #ictionary of 8enera of 9ungi! $entral

Myco! )nst! Gew2 %urrey!UG!

4! Alexopoulus2 $!H!2 Mims2 $!! and Blacwell2 M! +..6! )ntroductory Mycology! Hohnilley I %ons )nc!

! Bilgrami2 G!%! +.,4! Physiology of 9ungi! Bishen %ingh Mahendrapal %ingh2

#ehradun!'! $lifton2 A! +.&,! )ntroduction to the Bacteria! Mc8rawE>ill boo $o!2 =ew Jor!

&! Mandahar2 $!0! +.3,! )ntroduction to Plant *iruses! $hand I $o! 0td!2 #elhi!

6! Mehrotra2 ;!%! and AneFa2 ;!%! +..,! An )ntroduction to Mycology! =ew Age

)ntermediate Press!


5/89

3! ebster2 H! +.,&! )ntroduction to 9ungi! $ambridge University Press!

,! #oelle2 >!! and $!82 >eden +.,6! Applied Microbiology2 Gluwer Academic Press2

0ondon!.! Pelc1ar2 M!H!2 $han2 ($% and Greig2 =!;! +..! Microbiology2 $oncept and

Applications! Mc 8raw >ill2 =ew Jor!

+-! ;oss2 9!$! +.,! )ntroductory Microbiology! $harles (! Merril! Publ! $o! $olumbus2Khio!

++! Alexander2 M! +..+! Microbial (cology! Hohn iley and %ons! =ew Jor!

+4! AP>A! +.3+! %tandard Methods for the (xamination of water and aste ater!ashington #$

+! Atlas! ;! M! Principle of Microbiology!

+'! Board2 ;!8! and #!!2 0oveloc +.3&! %ome Method for Microbiological Assay!

Acadmic Press! =ew Jor+&! $asida2 0!(! +.6,! )ndustrial Microbiology! Hohn iley and %ons2 =ew Jor!

+6! $lifford2 >!"! and ! %tephenson +.3&! An )ntroduction to =umerical $lassification2

Academic press2 =ew Jor!

+3! #oelle2 >!! and $!8!2 >eden +.,6! Applied Microbiology! Gluwer Acad! Press20ondon!

+,! Gaushi2 P! +..6! )ntroductory Microbiology! (may Publ2 #elhi!+.! Miller2 B!M! and ! 0itsy +.36! )ndustrial Microbiology! Mc 8raw >ill =ew Jor!

4-! MuherFee2 G!8! and *ed Pal %ingh2 +..3! 9rontiers in Applied Microbiology! ;astogi

Publ! Meerut!4+! =orris2 H!;! and #!! ;ibbons +.3-! Methods in Microbiology! Academic Press2

0ondon!

44! Power2 $!B! and >!9! #aginawala +..6! 8eneral Microbiology 4 *ols! >imalaya Pub!

>ouse2 =ew #elhi!4! ;oss2 9!$! +.,! )ntroductory Microbiology! $harles (! Merril Publ! $o! $olumbus!

Khio!

BS 102* aper II; HYOLOGY AND BRYLOGY

HYOLOGY

+! Algal habitats !4! "hallus organi1ation2 cell structure and reproduction 5vegetative2 asexual and sexual7!

! Algal $lassification2 $riteria for classification of algaeC pigments2 reserve food and

flagella!'! Phylogeny and interrelationships of algae!

&! $lassification and salient features of Protochlorophyta2 $hlorophyta2 $harophyta2


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BRYOHYTES

,! Morphology2 structure reproduction and life history!

.! $lassification and Phylogeny of various groups!

+-! 8eneral account of %phaerocarpales2 Marchantiales2 Hungermanniales2 $alobryales2 andAnthocerotales!

++! %phagnales2 Andreales2 9unariales2 Buxbauniales and Polytrichales!

+4! ! (cology of bryophytes with special reference to >imalaya2 their association with otherorganism!

+! 9ossil bryophytes2 physiology and morphogenesis!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! $avers2 9! +.3.! "he )nterrelationships of the Bryophytes ;eprint! Bishen %ingh

Mahendrapal %ingh2 #ehradun!

4! 9ritsch2 9!(! +.3.! "he %tructure and ;eproduction of Algae! ;eprint! Bishen %inghMahendrapal %ingh2 #ehradun!

! Gashyap2 %!;! +.6,! 0iverworts of the estern >imalayas and PunFab Plains! "he$hronica Botanic $o! #elhi!

'! Gumar2 >!#! +.,,! )ntroductory Phycology! Affiliated (astEest Press 0td!2 =ew

#elhl!&! Morris2 )! +.,6! An )ntroduction to the Algae! $ambridge University Press2 U!G!

6! Parihar2 =!%!+..+! Bryophyta! $entral Boo #epot2 Allahabad!

3! Presscott2 8!! AlgaeC A ;eview! Bishen %ingh Mahendrapal %ingh!

,! Puri2 P! +.,-! Bryophytes! Atma ;am I %ons2 #elhi!.! ;am Udar! 9ifty years of Bryology in )ndia! 8olden Hubilee %eries! )B%2 =ew #elhi

+-! ;ound2 9!(! +.,6!"he Biology of Algae! $ambridge University Press2 $ambridge!

++! %mith2 8!M! +.&&! $ryptogamic Botany! *ol! ) and ))! "ata Mc 8raw >ill2 =ew #elhi!+4! %tewart2 !=! and ;athwell2 8!! +..! Paleobotany and the (volution of Plants!

$ambridge University Press!

BS 107* aper III; TERIDOLOGY, GY#NOSER#S AND ALAEOBOTANY

TERIDOHYTA

+! >istory2 origin2 classification2 present and past distribution2 morphology and life history ofthe following types!a. PsilopsidaC Psilophytales 5Psilophyton7 and Psilotales 5Psilotum7!b. 0ycopsidaC Protoleopidodendrales (Protolepidodendron72 0epidodendrales5Lepidodendron72 0ycopodiales 5Phylloglossum72 0epidospermales 5Lepidocarpon7 and

)soetales 5Isoetes 7!c. %phenopsidaC >yeniales 5Hyenia72 %phenophyllales 5Sphenophyllum7 and $alamitales5Calamites).

d. PteropsidaC $oenopteridales L A general account2 Kphioglossales 5Ophioglossum)

Marattiales 5Marattia 72 Ksmundales 5Osmunda72 9ilicales 5 Cyathea72 Marsileales

5Regnellidium72 %alviniales 5Aolla7 and )ndian fossils!


7/89

4! 8eneral topicsC Krigin and evolution of Pteridophytes2 >eterospory and seed habit!

GY#NOSER#S

! $lassification and distribution of 8ymnosperms in )ndia with special reference to

>imalaya! %tudy of their morphology2 structure and lifeEhistory as illustrated by the

following and indicated in the practical wor!a. PteridospermalesC Palaeo1oic and Meso1oic groups with references to

0yginopteridaceae 5Lyginopteris7 and Medullosaceae 5!rigonocarpus72 A general account

of 8lossopteridaceae!b. BennettitalesC $ycadeoidaceae2 illiamsoniaceae and ielandiellaceae!

c. $ycadalesC A detailed account including distribution of living $ycads!d. A general account of Pentoxylales and $ordaitales!e. 8ingoalesC "in#go.f. A general account of fossil and living $oniferales and "axales!g. (phedrales2 elwitschiales and 8netalesC A general account!

'! (volutionary tendencies in 8ymnosperms!

&! (conomic importance of 8ymnosperms!

ALAEOBOTANY

6! #efinition of fossil2 different types of plant fossil as per their mode of preservation2 concept

of form genus!

3! )ndian 8ondwana %equence! $lassification2 distribution2 Mega flora succession through%equence!

,! )ntroductory idea of $ontinental #rift >ypothesis!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Andrews2 >=! +.6+! %tudies in Palaeobotany! =ew Jor!4! Baer2 H!8! +..&! >andboo of the 9ern Allies! ;eprint! Bishen %ingh Mahendra Pal

%ingh2 #ehradun!

! Bhatnagar2 %!P! and Mitra2 A! +..6! 8ymnosperms! =ew Age )nternational Pvt! 0td!2=ew #elhi!

'! Beddome2 ;!>! +.66! "he 9erns of British )ndia! 4 *ols! Kxford and )B>2 =ew #elhi!

&! $hamberlain2 $!H! +.&&! 8ymnospermsC %tructure and (volution! $hicago!

6! (ams2 A!H! +.6.! Morphology of 0ower *ascular Plants!3! Parihar2 =!%! +..6! Biology I Morphology of Pteridophytes! $entral Boo #epot

Allahabad!

,! ;ai1ada2 M!B and %ahni2 G!$! +.&,! 0iving )ndian 8ymnosperms!.! %ahni2 G!$! +..6! 8ymnosperms of )ndia and AdFacent $ountries! Bishen %ingh

Mahendrapal %ingh2 #ehradun!

+-! %eward2 A!$! +.+.! 9ossil Plants for %tudents of Botany and 8eology! ' *ols!$ambridge!

++! %porne2 G!;! +..+! "he Morphology of Pteridophytes! >utchinson 0ibrary %eries

0ondon!


8/89

+4! %porne2 G!;! +..+! "he Morphology of 8ymnosperms! >utchinson 0ibrary %eries

0ondon!

BS 10?* aper IV; TA@ONO#Y AND DIVERSITY O LOWERING LANTS

+! Krigin of intraE population variationC Population and the environment ecads and ecotypes

evolution and differentiation of speciesE various models!

4! "he species concepts taxonomic hierarchy2 species2 genus2 family and other categoriesprinciples used in assessing relationship2 delimitation of taxa and attribution of ran!

! %alient features of the )nternational $ode of Botanical =omenclature!

'! "axonomic evidencesC anatomy2 palynology2 embryology2 phytochemistry2

&! "axonomic toolsC histological2 cytological2 phytochemical2 serological2 biochemical andmolecular techniques!

6! %ystems of angiosperm classificationC Phenetic versus phylogenetic systems cladistics in

taxonomy maFor systems of classification 5Bentham and >ooer2 >utchinson2 $ronquist 7

and their relative merits and demerits!

3! >erbarium and Botanical gardensC 8eneral account!,! Plant exploration in )ndia with reference to =orth west and Uttarahand >imalaya

%tatus of flowering plant diversity in 8arhwal >imalaya!

.! A study of the following families and their relationshipsC

a. #icotyledonsC ;ananculaceae2 Magnoliaceae2 Berberidaceae2 9umariaceae2

*iolaceae2 Meliaceae2 Apiaceae2 %terculiaceae2 "iliaceae2 8eraniaceae2 $elastraceae2

%apindaceae2 $ombretaceae2 *alerianaceae2 Asteraceae2 $ampanulaceae2 (ricaceae2Primulaceae2 ;ubiaceae2 Asclepiadaceae2 $onvolvulaceae2 0amiaceae2 *erbenaceae2

%crophulariaceae2 Kleaceae2 Acanthaceae2 Amaranthaceae2 $henopodiaceae2

Polygonaceae2 0oranthaceae2 Urticaceae2 Huglandaceae2 9agaceae and %alicaceae!b. MonocotyledonsC >ydrocharitaceae2 Krchidaceae2 Amaryllidaceae2 #ioscoreaceae2

0iliaceae2 Arecaceae2 Araceae2 0emnaceae2 $yperaceae and Poaceae!

Besides these families the students are also expected to have a complete nowledge of families

which they have studied at under graduate syllabus of this University!

SUGGESTED READINGS

+! Babu2 $!;! +.36! >erbaceous 9lora of #ehradun! $%);2 =ew #elhi!

4! $ole2 A!H! +.6.! =umerical "axonomy2 Academic Press2 0ondon!! $ronquist2 A! +.,+! An )ntegrated %ystem of $lassification of 9lowering Plants!

$olumbia University Press2 =ew yor!

'! #avis2 P!>! and >eyhood2 *!>! +.3! Principles of angiosperms "axonomy! ;obert (!Greiger Pub! $o!2 =ew Jor!

&! 8aur2 ;!#! +...! 9lora of #istrict 8arhwalC = >imalaya! "ransmedia2 %rinagar2

8arhwal!

6! 8rant2 *! +.3+! Plant %peciation! $olumbia University Press2 =ew Jor!


9/89

3! 8rant2 !9! +.,'! Plant Biosystematics! Academic Press2 0ondon!

,! >arrison2 >!H! +.3+! =ew $oncepts in 9lowering Plant "axonomy! >ieman

(ducationnal Boos 0td!2 0ondon!.! >eywood2 *!>! and Moore2 #!M! +.,'! $urrent $oncepts in Plant "axonomy!

Academic Press2 0ondon

+-! >utchinson2 H! +.3! "he 9amilies of 9lowering Plants! 4 *ols! Kxford UniversityPress2 Kxford!

++! Hain2 %!G! and ;ao2 ;!;! +.33! A handboo of 9ield and >erbarium methods! "oday

and "omorrow2 =ew #elhi!+4! Hones2 A!#! and ilbins2 A!#! +.3+! *ariations and Adaptations in Plant %pecies!

>ieman I $o! (ducational Boos 0td!2 0ondon!

+! Hones2 %!B!2 Hr! and 0uchsinger2 A!(! +.,6! Plant %ystematic 54ndedition7! Mc8rawE >ill

Boo $o!2 =ew Jor!+'! 0awrence2 >!! +.&+! "axonomy of *ascular Plants! ;eprint Kxford and )B>2 =ew

#elhi!

+&! =aithani2 B!#! +.,&! 9lora of $hamoli! 4 *ols2 B%)2 $alcutta!=ordenstam2 B!2 (l

8a1aly2 8! and Gassas2 M! 4---! Plant %ystematic for 4+

st

$entury! Portlant Press 0td!20ondon!

+6! ;adford2 A!(! +.,6! 9undamentals of Plant %ystematics! >arper I ;ow Publications2U%A!

+3! %ingh2 >! +.3,! (mbryology of 8ymnosperms! (ncyclopaedia of Plant Anatomy

8ebruder Bortraeger2 Berlin!+,! %olbrig2 K!"! +.3-! Principles and Methods of Plant biosystematics! "he MacMillan

$o! E $ollierE MacMillan 0td!2 0ondon!

+.! %olbrig2 K!"! and %olbrig2 #!H! +.3.! Population Biology and (volution! AddisonE

esley Publication $o! )nc!2 U%A!4-! %tace2 $!A! +.,.! Plant "axonomy and Biosystematics! (dward Arnold2 0ondon!

4+! %tebbins2 8!0! +.3'! 9lowering PlantE (volution above %pecies 0evel! (dward Arnold

0td!2 0ondon!44! %tace2 $!A! +.,.! Plant "axonomy and Biosystematics 54ndedition7! (dward Arnold

0td!2 0ondon!

4! "ahtaFan2 A!0! +..3! #iversity and $lassification of 9lowering Plants! $olumbiaUniversity Press2 =ew Jor!

4'! oodland2 #!! +..+! $ontemporary Plant %ystematics! Prentice >all2 =ew Hersey!

BS10 aperV LABORATORY OURSE I

$. %tudy of representative genera of Mastigomycotina2 Dygomycotina2 Ascomycotina2

Basidiomycotina and #euteromycotina!

%. %ymptomatology of some diseased specimensC hite rust2 downy mildew2 powdery

mildew2 rusts2 smuts2 ergot2 groundnut leaf spot2 red rot of sugarcane2 wilts2 paddy blast2


10/89

citrus caner2 bacterial blight of paddy2 angular leaf spot of cotton2 tobacco mosaic2 little

leaf of brinFal2 sesame phyllody2 mango malformation!

&. Aseptic methods and demonstration of instruments vi1!2 autoclave2 hot air oven2 incubator2

bacterial2 laminar air flow2 spectrophotometer and haemocytometer!

'. #irect examination of root nodule bacteria under microscope and isolation ofRhioiumin

root nodules!

. )solation and enumeration of microbes from natural samples 5soil and water7 by agar plate

technique!

*. Morphological study of representative members of algaeC Microcystis+ Lyngya+Cylindrospermum+ "loeotrichia+ Scytonema+ Pandorina+ ,udorina+ Scendesmus+

Pediastrum+ Hydrodictyon+ -la+ ,nteromorpha+ /rapernaldiopsis+ Stigeoclonium+

0ritschiella+ Coleochaete+ 1ulochaete+ Cosmarium+ Caulerpa+ 2itella+ /ictyota+

"elidium+ "racillaria+ 1atrachospermum andPolysiphonia.

3. %tudy and identification with suitable preparations of Ricciocarpus+ !argionia+Cyathodium+ Plagiochasma+ Asterella (0imriaria)+ /umortiera+ Se4ardiella+ Pellia+

0ossomronia+ Porella+ Caloryum+ 2otothylas+ Sphagnum+ Polytrichumand0unaria+

BS10C aper VI LABORATORY OURSE II

%tudy and identification with suitable preparations of the followingC

A! P"(;)#KP>J"(%

Psilotum+ Isoetes+ Ophioglossum+ 1otrychium+ Osmunda+ "leichenia+ Polypodium+ Aolla+Salinia and important fossiltypes!

B! 8JM=K%P(;M%Cycas+ 5amia+ "in#go+ Aies+ Picea+ Cedrus+ Cryptomeria+ Cupressus+ Podocarpus+

Cephalota6us+ Agathis+ Araucaria+ !a6us+ ,phedraand"netum.

$! PA0A(KBK"A=J

+! %tudy of available fossil flora through specimens and slides2 etc!

4! )dentification and description of locally available plants belonging to families included inthe syllabus from fresh specimens2 herbarium or preserved materials! After identification up

to family level any suitable regional 9lora may be provided for generic identification if

required!! #escription of a species based on various specimens to study intra specific variation!

'! %tudies to find out the location of ey characters and preparation of eys at generic level!


11/89

&! 9ield trips2 compilation of field notes2 the preparation of herbarium sheets and submission

of herbarium and museum specimens and/or live potted specimens of taxonomic interest

and submission of the excursion report!6! $omparison of different species of a genus and different genera of a family to calculate

%imilarity coefficients and preparation of dendrograms!


12/89

SE#ESTER II

BS10* aper VII; LANT DEVELO#ENT AND RERODUTIVE BIOLOGY

+! %eed germination and seedling growthC Mobili1ation of food reserves tropisms hormonalcontrol of seedling growth!

4! %hoot developmentC Krgani1ation of the shoot apical meristem 5%AM7 cytological and

molecular analysis of %AM control of cell division and cell to cell communication!! $ambium and its functionsC formation of secondary xylem general account of wood

structure in relation to conduction of water and minerals!

'! 0eaf growth and differentiationC Krigin2 development and phyllotaxy!

&! ;oot developmentC Krgani1ation of root apical meristem 5;AM7 cell fates and lineagesvascular tissue differentiation lateral roots root hairs rootEmicrobe interactions!

6! ;eproductionC *egetative options and sexual reproduction flowerE a modified shoot2

structure2 functions structure of anther and pistil 8enetics of floral organ differentiation!

3! Male gametophyteC %tructure of anthers microsporogenesis2 role of tapetum pollendevelopment and gene expression!

,! 9emale gametophyteC Kvule development megasporogenesis organi1ation of the embryosac !

.! Pollination2 pollenEpistil interaction and fertili1ationC PollenEstigma interactions2

sporophytic and gametophytes selfEincompatibility 5cytological2 biochemical and molecularaspects7 double fertili1ation in itrofertili1ation!

+-! %eed development and 9ruit growthC (ndosperm development embryogenesis2

polyembryony apomixis embryo culture biochemistry and molecular biology of fruit

maturation!++! 0atent lifeL#ormancyC )mportance and types of dormancy seed dormancy overcoming

seed dormancy bud dormancy!

+4! %enescence and programmed cell death 5P$#7C Basic concept2 types of cell death2 P$# inthe life cycle of plant2 metabolic change associated with senescence and its regulation

influence of hormones and environmental factors on senescence!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Atwell2 B!H!2 Griedermann2 P!(! and Hurnbull2 $!8!=! 5(ds7 +...! Plants in ActionC

Adaptation in =ature2 Performance in $ultivation! MacMillan education2 %ydney2Australia!

4! Bewley2 H!#! and Blac2 M! +..'! %eedsC Physiology of #evelopment and 8ermination!

Plenum Press2 =ew Jor!! BhoFwani2 %!%! and Bhatnagar2 %!P! 4---! "he (mbryology of Angiosperms 5'threvised

and enlarged edition7! *ias Publishing >ouse2 =ew #elhi!

'! Burgess2 H! +.,&! An )ntroduction to Plant $ell #evelopment! $ambridge UniversityPress2 $ambridge!

&! $hopra2 *!0! 4--+! Plant BreedingC "heory and Practice! Kxford I )B> Pvt! 0td!2 =ew

#elhi!

6! $hopra2 *!0! 4--+! Plant BreedingC 9ield $rops! Kxford I )B> Pvt! 0td!2 =ew #elhi!


13/89

3! (ams2 A!H! +.,.! An )ntroduction to Plant Anatomy! ;eprint! Bishen %ingh Mahendra

Pal %ingh2 #ehradun!

,! 9ageri2 G! and *an der PiFl2 0! +.3.! "he Principles of Pollination (cology! PergamonPress2 Kxford!

.! 9ahn2 A! +.,4! Plant Anatomy! 5'th edition7! Pergamon Press2 Kxford!

+-! 9oset2 #!(! +..'! Plant 8rowth and #evelopment! A Molecular Approach!AcademicPress2 %an #iego!

++! >owell2 %!>! +..,! Molecular 8enetics of Plant #evelopment! $ambridge University

Press2 $ambridge!+4! 0eins2 P!2 "ucer2 %!$! and (ndress2 P!G! +.,,!Aspects of 9loral #evelopment! 7.

Cramer2 8ermany!

+! 0yndon2 ;!9! +..-! Plant #evelopment! "he $ellular Basis! Unnin >yman2 0ondon!

+'! Maheshwari2 P! +.&-! An )ntroduction to (mbryology of Angiosperms! Mc8raw >ill2=ew Jor!

+&! Metcalf2 $!;! and $hal2 0! +.,! Anatomy of #icotyledons and Monocotyledons! 4

*ols! $larendon Press2 Kxford!

+6! Murphy2 "!M! and "hompson2 !9! +.,,! Molecular Plant #evelopment! Prentice >all2=ew Hersey!

+3! Proctor2 M! and Jeo2 P! +.3! "he Pollination of 9lowers! illiam $ollins %ons20ondon!

+,! ;aghavan2 *! +..3! Molecular (mbryology of 9lowering Plants! $ambridge University

Press2 $ambridge!+.! ;aghavan2 *! +...!#evelopmental Biology of 9lowering Plants! %pringerE *erlag2 =ew

Jor!

4-! ;aven2 P!>!2 (vert2 ;!9! and (ichhorn2 %!(! +..4! Biology of Plants 5&thedition7! orth2

=ew Jor!4+! %alisbury2 9!B! and ;oss2 $!! +..4! Plant Physiology 5'th edition7! adsworth

Publishing2 Belmont2 $alifornia!

44! %teeves2 "!A! and %ussex2 )!M! +.,.! Patterns in Plant #evelopment 54ndedition7$ambridge University Press2 $ambridge!

4! %edgely2 M! and 8riffin2 A!;! +.,.! %exual ;eproduction of "ree $rops! Academic

Press2 0ondon!4'! %hivanna2 G!;! and %awhney2 *!G! 5eds7 +..3! Pollen Biotechnology for $rop

Production and )mprovement! $ambridge University Press2 $ambridge!

4&! %hivanna2 G!;! and ;angaswamy2 =!%! +..4! Pollen BiologyC A 0aboratory Manual!

%pringerE*erlag2 Berlin!46! %hivanna2 G!;! and Hohri2 B!M! +.,&! "he Angiosperm PollenC %tructure and 9unction!

iley (astern 0td!2 =ew Jor!

43! "he American %ociety of Plant Physiologists +..! "he Plant $ell! %pecial )ssue on;eproductive Biology of Plants2 *ol! & 5+-72 ;ocville2 Maryland2 U%A!

4,! "horpe2 "!A! +..6! )n vitro (mbryogenesis in Plants! Gluwer Academic Publ! 0ondon!


14/89

BS 105* aper VIII; RESOURE UTILIATION, IR AND ETHNOBOTANY

+! Plant resourcesC $oncept2 status2 utili1ation and concerns!4! orld $enters of Primary #iversity of domesticated plants

! Krigin2 evolution2 botany2 cultivation2 cytotaxonomy and uses of 5i7 $ereals and millets

5wheat2 paddy2 mai1e72 5ii7 0egumes 5soybean2 blac gram and cowpeas72 5iii7 %ugar caneand starches 5sugarcane2 beetroot2 potato2 sweat potato2 cassava72 5iv7 9orage and fodder

crops!

'! 9iber crops2 medicinal and aromatic!&! )mportant firewood and timber yielding plants and nonE wood forest products 5=9Ps7

such as bamboos2 gums2 tannins2 dyes2 resins2 beverages!

6! )ntellectual Property ;ights2 $oncept2 >istory2 Protection of )P; PatentE requirements2

procedures and limitations )nternational convention on Biological #iversity! %tatus of )P;sin )ndia concerning plants2 agricultural crops and varieties!

3! (thnobotanyC $oncept2 linage with other sciences2 tools of ethnobotanical studies2 world

and )ndian perspective with special reference to the >imalayas!

,! 8reen revolutionC Benefits and adverse consequences!.! Plants used as ornamentals and avenue trees!

+-! Principles of conservationC (xtinction %tatus of plants based on )nternational Union for$onservation of =ature 5)U$=7!

++! %trategies for conservationC In situ conservation Protected areas in )ndiaE sanctuaries2

national pars and biosphere reserves!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Ayensu2 (!%!2 >eywood2 *!>! and 0ucas 8!0! +.,'! Kur green and living worldC "hewisdom to save it! $ambridge Univ! Press! $ambridge!

4! Baen1inger2 %!P!2 Gleese2 ;!A! and Barns2 ;!9! +..! )ntellectual Property ;ights2

Protection of plant materials executive summary and wor group reports! $%%APublication =o! 4+! $rop %cience %oc! of America2 isconsin2 Madison!

! Bellamy2 ;! +..! (thnobotany in "ropical forestsC expedition in field techniques2

;oyal 8eographic %ociety of 0ondon!'! Berlin2 B! +..4! (thnobiological $lassificationC Principles and categori1ation of plants

and animals in traditional societies! Princeton Univ! Press! Princeton!

&! $handel2 G!P!%!2 %hula2 8! and %harma2 =!+..6! Biodiversity in Medicinal and

Aromatic Plants in )ndiaC $onservation and Utili1ation! =ational Bureau of Plant8enetic ;esources2 =ew #elhi!

6! $onway2 8! and Barbier2 (! +..'!Plants2 8enes and Agriculture! Hones and Bartlett

Publishers2 Boston!3! $ouncil of %cientific I )ndustrial ;esearch +.,6! "he Useful Plants of )ndia!

Publications and )nformation #irectorate2 $%);2 =ew #elhi!

,! $ouncil of %cientific I )ndustrial ;esearch 5+.',E+.367! "he ealth of )ndia! A#ictionary of )ndian ;aw Materials and )ndustrial Products! =ew #elhi! ;aw Materials

)E


15/89

+-! 9 )=#)A +..! #irectory of )ndian etlands2 =ew #elhi and AB2 Guala

0umpur!

++! 9al2 #!A!2 Klwell2 M! and Millan2 $! +..6! ;estoring #iversity! )sland Press2$olumbia2 U%A!

+4! 9ranel2 K!>!2 Brown2 A!>!#! I Burdon2 H!H! +..&! "he $onservation of Plant

#iversity! $ambridge University Press2 $ambridge2 U!G!+! 8adgil2 M! and 8uha2 ;! +..6! (cology and (quityC Use and Abuse of =ature in

$ontemporary )ndia! Penguin2 =ew #elhi!

+'! 8angulee2 P! +..,! 8earing up for patentsE the )ndians %cenario! Univ! Press!>yderabad!

+&! >ill2 A!9! +.&4! (conomic Botany! Mc8raw >ill!2 =ew Jor!

+6! Gochar2 %!0! +..,! (conomic Botany in the "ropics! Mac Millan )ndia 0td! #elhi

+3! Gothari2 A! +..3! Understanding BiodiversityC 0ife %ustainability and (quity! Krient0ongman!

+,! Gohli2 ;!2 Arya2 G!%!2 %ingh2 P!>! and #hillon2 >!%! +..'! "ree #irectory of

$handigarh! 0ovedale (ducational2 =ew #elhi!

+.! =air2 M!=!B. et al.5(ds7 +..,! %ustainable Management of =onEood forest Products!9aculty of 9orestry2 Universiti Putra Malaysia! ''--' PM %erdong2 %elangor2

Malaysia4-! Paroda2 ;!%! and Arora2 ;!G!+..+! Plant 8enetic resources conservation and

Management! )P8;) 5Publication7 %outh Asia Kffice2 $/o =BP8;2 Pusa $ampus2 =ew

#elhi!4+! ;odgers2 =!A! and Panwar2 >!%! +.,,! Planning a ildlife Protected Area =etwor in

)ndia! *ol! +! "he ;eport! ildlife )nstitute of )ndia2 #ehradun!

44! %ahni2 G!$! 4---! "he Boo of )ndian "rees2 4nd edition! Kxford University Press

Mumbai!4! %harma2 K!P! +..6! >ills economic Botany 50ata #r! A!9! >ill2 adapted by K!P!

%harma7! "ata Mc8raw >ill $o! 0td!2 new #elhi!

4'! %waminathan2 M!%! and Gocchar2 %!0! 5(ds!7 +.,.! Plants and %ociety! MacmillanPublication 0td!2 0ondon!

4&! "haur2 ;!%!2 Puri2 >!%! and >usain2 A! +.,.! MaFor Medicinal Plants of )ndia! $entral

)nstitute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants2 $%);2 0ucnow!46! alter2 G!%! and 8illet2 >!H! +..,! )U$= ;ed 0ist of "hreatened Plants! )U$= "he

orld $onservation Union! )U$=2 8land2 %wit1erland2 and $ambridge2 U!G!

BS108* aper I@; YTOGENETIS AND #OLEULAR BIOLOGY

+! "he dynamic cellC %tructural organi1ation of the plant cell speciali1ed plant cell!

4! $ell wallC structure and functions biogenesis2 growth!

! Plasma membraneC structure models and functions sites for A"Pases2 ion carriers2 channels and pumps2 receptors!

'! Mitochondria and chloroplastC %tructure2 genome organi1ation2 gene expression!

&! =ucleusC structure2 nuclear pores2 nucleosome organi1ation!

6! ;ibosomesC %tructure2 cytoprotein synthesis!


16/89

3! $hromatin organi1ationC $hromosome structure and pacaging of #=A2 molecular

organi1ation of centromere and telomere2 euchromatin and heterochromatin2 speciali1ed

types of chromosomes polytene2 lampbrush2 BEchromosomes and sex chromosomes!,! Principles of inheritanceC Mendelian laws along with molecular explanations2 (xceptions to

Mendelian laws2 lethal alleles and 8ene )nteractions!

.! %tructural and numerical alterations in chromosomesC Krigin2 occurrence2 production andmeiosis of haploids2 aneuploids and euploids2 induction and characteri1ation of trisomics

and monosomics!

+-! 8enetics of proaryotes and euaryotic organellesC Mapping the bacteriophage genome2phage phenotypes genetic recombination of phage genetic transportation2 conFugation ant

transduction in bacteria2 cytoplasmic male sterility!

++! 8ene structure and expressionC 8enetic fine structure2 cisEtrans test fine structure analysis

of euaryotes2 introns and their significance2 regulation of gene expression in proaryotesand euaryotes! #=A damage and repair mechanism2 defects in #=A repair )nitiatiion of

cancer at cellular level2 protoEoncogenes and oncogenes!

+4! 8enetic recombination and genetic mappingC ;ecombination independent assortment and

crossing over2 linage groups2 genetic marers2 construction of molecular maps!+! MutationsC %pontaneous and induced mutations physical and chemical mutation2 molecular

basis of gene mutation mutations induced by transposons!+'! =uclear #=A content $Evalue paradox $ot curves!

+&! Alien gene transfer through chromosome manipulationsC "ransfer of whole genome2

examples from wheat2 groundnut and mustard transfer of individual chromosome andchromosome segments!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Alberts2 B!2 Bray2 #!2 0ewis2 H!2 ;aff2 M!2 ;oberts2 G! and atson2 H!#! +.,.! Molecular

4! Biology of the $ell 54ndedition7! 8arland Publishing )nc!2 =ew Jor!

! Atherly2 A!8!2 8irton2 H!;! and Mc#onald2 H!9! +...! "he %cience of 8enetics!%aunders $ollege Publishing2 9ort orth2 U%A!

'! Burnham2 $!;! +.64! #iscussions in $ytogenetics! Burgess Publishing $o!2 Minnesota!

&! Busch2 >! and ;othblum2 0! +.,4! *olume


17/89

+'! Grishnamurthy2 G!*! 4---! Methods in $ell wall $ytochemistry! $;$ Press2 Boca

;aton2 9lorida!

+&! 0ewin2 B! 4---! 8enes *))! Kxford University Press2 =ew Jor!+6! 0odish2 >!2 Ber2 A!2 Dipursy2 %!0!2 Matsudaira2 P!2 Baltimore2 #! and #arnell2 H! 4---!

Molecular $ell Biology 5'th(dition7! !>! 9reeman and $o!2 =ew Jor2 U%A

+3! Malacinsi2 8!M! and 9reifelder2 #! +..,! (ssentials of Molecular Biology 5rd

+,! edition7! Hones and Bartlet Publishers2 )nc!2 0ondon!

+.! %tent2 8!%! +.,6! Molecular 8enetics! Bishen %ingh Mahendra Pal %ingh2 #ehradun!

4-! atson2 H!#! +.6&! Molecular Biology of the 8ene! BenFamin!4+! olfe2 %!0! +..! Molecular and $ellular Biology! adsworth Publishing $o!

$alifornia2 U%A!

BS110* aper @ LANT BREEDING AND BIOSTATISTIS

LANT BREEDING

+! "he role of plant breeding L historical aspects and genetic basisC mode of reproduction inrelation to breeding methods2 breeding techniques method of plant breeding in relation to

selfEpollinated and cross pollinated plants selection2 clonal selection!4! >ybridi1ationC )nterspecific and inter generic pure line bac cross hybridi1ation selfE

incompatibility system!

! >eterosisC )ts genetic and physiological basis economic exploitation of heterosis in mai1e!'! Breeding for resistance to diseases2 physiological races!

&! ;ole of mutation in crop improving and evolution!

6! Plant breeding wor done in )ndia with special reference to potato2 paddy2 wheat and

sugarcane!3! Maintenance of collection2 registration of varieties2 seed production2 testing2 certification

and distribution!

BIOSTATISTIS

+! BioEstatistics and its application in life sciences!

4! Methods of representation of statistical data and measurements of central tendencies!! $orrelation2 regression2 curve fitting and ratio of variation!

'! Probability and use of binomial trials!

&! "est of significance2


18/89

&! Poehlman2 H!M and #! Borthaur2 +.6.! Asian 9ield $rops! Kxford and )B> Publ! =ew

#elhi!

6! Poelhman2 H!M and %leeper2 #!;! +..&! Breeding 9ield $rops! Panima Publ! >ouse2=ew #elhi!

3! %harma2 H!;! +..'! Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding! "ata Mc8raw >ill Publ!

$o! 0td! =ew #elhi!,! %ingh2 B!#! 4--4! Plant Breeding Principles and Methods! Galyani Publ! =ew #elhi!

B$o)tat$)t$%);

+! Bliss2 $!)! +.63! %tatistics in Biology! 4 *ols! Mc 8raw >ill2 =ew Jor!4! #owney2 =!M and >eath2 ;!! +.6-! Basic %tatistical Methods2 >arper )nternational!

! ;ayner2 A!A! +.6.! A first $ourse in Biometry for Agriculture %tudents!

Peitermarit1burg! University of =atal Press!

'! %ingh2 ;!G! +..'! Biometrical "echniques in Breeding and 8enetics! Bishen %inghMahendra Pal %ingh! #ehradun!

&! att2 "! +..! )ntroductory %tatistics for Biology %tudents! =arosa2 =ew #elhi!

6! iner2 B!H! +.64! %tatistical Principles in (xperimental #esign! Mc 8raw >ill23! =ew Jor!

BS 111 aper @ I LABORATORY OURSE I

a! (ffect of gravity2 unilateral light and plant growth regulators on the growth of young

seedlings!

b! ;ole of dar and red light / far red light on the expansion of cotyledons and epicotylarhoo opening in pea!

c! %tudy of cytohistological 1ones in the shoot apical meristem 5%AM7 in sectioned and

double stained slides of suitable plants such as Coleus+ 8alanchoe+ 2icotiana.(xamination in shoot apices in a monocot both in "! %! and 0! %! to show the origin of

leaf primordia!

d! %tudy of alternate and distichous2 alternate and superposed2 opposite and superposedopposite and decussate leaf arrangement! (xamination of rosette plants 5Launaea+

Mollugo+ Raphanus+ Hyoscyamus+ etc!7 and induction of bolting under natural

conditions as well as 8A treatment!

e! Microscopical examination of vertical section of leaves2 such as that of Cannais+2icotiana+ 5ea maysand !riticumto understand the internal structure of the tissue and

trichomes2 glands2 etc! Also to study the anatomy of $ and $' plants!

f! %tudy of epidermal peels of leaves to study the development and final structure ofstomata and prepare stomatal index! #emonstration of the effect of ABA on stomatal

closure!

g! %tudy the whole roots of dicots and monocots! (xamination of root apical meristem andits derivatives 5using mai1e2 aerial roots of banyan2 etc!7! %tudy of lateral roots! %tudy of

lateral roots with different types of nodules!

h! %tudy of microsporogenesis and gametogenesis in sections of anthers!


19/89

i! (xamination of modes of anther dehiscence and collection of pollen grains for

microscopic examination 5mai1e2 grasses2 Cannais satia+ Crotolaria+ !radescantia+

1rassica+ Petunia+ Solanum melongena+ etc!7!ii! "ests for pollen viability using stains and in itrogermination! Pollen germination

using hanging drop and sitting drop cultures!

iii! Pollen storage2 pollenLpistil interaction2 selfEincompatibility2 in itropollination!iv! %tudy of ovules in cleared preparations! %tudy of monosporic2 bisporic and

tetrasporic types of embryosac development through permanent slides!

v! 9ield study of types of flowers with different pollination mechanisms 5windpollination2 insect pollination2 etc!7!

vi!(masculation2 bagging and hand pollination techniques to study pollen germination!

%tudy of seed dormancy and methods to brea dormancy!

i! "he practical course of this section is divided into three unitsC 5+7 0aboratory wor2 547

9ield survey and 57 %cientific visits

i! 9ood cropsC wheat2 rice2 mai1e2 chicpea2 potato2 tapioca2 sweet potato2 sugarcane

morphology2 anatomy and micro chemical tests for stored food materials!ii! 9orage/fodder plantsC %tudy of ten important fodder crops of the locality!

iii! Plant fibersC "extiles fibers 5cotton2 Fute2 sun hemp2 cannabis2 "re4ia2 etc!72 $ordagefibers 5coir72 %tuffing fibers 5sil cotton7! Morphology2 anatomy2 microscopic study of

whole fibers using appropriate2 staining procedures!

iv! Medicinal and aromatic plants including narcotics and antibiotics!v! *egetable oilsC Mustard2 groundnut2 soybean2 coconut2 sunflower and castor!

Morphology2 microscopic structure of oil yielding tissues2 test for oil and iodine

number!

vi! 8ums2 resins2 tannins and dyesC Perform simple tests for gums and resins! "o prepare a water extract of vegetable tannins 5Acacia+ !erminalia+ Camellia+

Cassia7 and dyes 5Curcuma longa2 1i6a orellana+ Indigo9era+ 1utea monosperma+

La4sonia inermis+ etc.).

BS112 aper @II LABORATORY OURSE II

+! %tudy of mitotic chromosomes in root tips and leaf buds and meiotic chromosomes in floral

buds!

4! )solation of chloroplasts and %#%EPA8( profile of proteins to demarcate the two subunitsof ;ubisco!

! )solation of #=A and preparation of :cot; curves!

'! ;estrictioin digestion of plant #=A2 its seperation by agarose gel electrophoresis andvisuali1ation by ethidium bromide staining!

&! )solation of ;=A and quantitation by spectrophotometric method!

6! %outhern blot analysis using a gene specific probe!3! =orthern blot analysis using a gene specific probe!

,! estern blotting and (0)%A!

.! 8enetical problems on Mendelian and postEMendelian ratios2 gene interactions2 sexElined

inheritance2 chromosomal mapping2 etc!


20/89

+-! Application of common plant breeding techniques

++! )dentification of )ndian varieties of important crops!

+4! 9loral biology of local food2 pulse2 vegetable and horticultural crops!+! $ollection of germplasm of different crops being grown in the area!

+! %tudy of techniques of biometrical studies!

+'! "o test the goodness of fit and independent assortment using $hiEsquare method!

#an.a') or La&orator! EFer%$)e)*

9aui2 G! and =aayama2 %! +..6! Plant $hromosomesC 0aboratory Methods! $;$ Press2

Boca ;aton2 9lorida!

8lic2 B!;! and "hompson2 H!(! +..! Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and

Biotechnology! $;$ Press2 Boca ;aton2 9lorida!>acett2 P!B!2 9uchs2 H!A! and Messing2 H!! +.,,! An )ntroduction to ;ecombinant #=A

"echniquesC Basic (xperiments in 8ene Manipulation! "he BenFamin/$ummings

Publishing $o!2 )nc Menlo Par2 $alifornia!

>all2 H!0! and Moore2 A!0! +.,! )solation of Membranes and Krganelles from Plant $ells!Academic Press2 0ondon2 UG!

>arris2 =! and Kpara2 G!H! +..'! Plant $ell BiologyC A Practical approach! );0 Press2 atKxford University Press2 Kxford2 U!G!

%haw2 $!>! 5(d!72 +.,,! Plant Molecular BiologyC A Practical Approach! );0 Press2

Kxford!%nustad! #!P! and %immons2 M!H! 4---! Principles of 8enetics 54ndedition7! Hohn illey

I %ons )nc!2 U%A!

%harma2 A!G! and %harma2 A! +...! Plant chromosomesC Analysis2 Manipulation and

(ngineering! >arwood academic Publishers2 Australia!


21/89

SE#ESTER III

BS 117* aper @III; LANT HYSIOLOGY AND BIOHE#ISTRY

+! 9unctional aspects of plant cell structureC colloidal systems2 diffusion2 osmosis and

imbibition!4! (nergy flowC Principles of thermodynamics2 free energy and chemical potential2 redox

reactions2 structure and functions of A"P!

! 9undamentals of en1ymologyC 8eneral aspects2 allosteric mechanism2 regulatory and activesites2 iso1ymes2 inetic catalysis2 MichaelisEMenton equation and its significance!

'! Membrane transport and translocation of water and solutesC PlantEwater relations2

mechanism of water transport through xylem and transport in cells!

&! Photochemistry and photosynthesisC 8eneral concepts and historical bacground2 evolutionof photosynthetic apparatus2 photosynthetic pigments and light harvesting complexes2

photo oxidation of water2 mechanism of electron and proton transport2 carbon assimilation

L the $alvin cycle2 photorespiration and its significance2 the $'cycle2 the $AM pathway2

biosynthesis of starch and sucrose2 physiological and ecological considerations!6! ;espiration and lipid metabolismC Kverview of plant respiration2 glycolysis2 the "$A cycle2

electron transport and A"P synthesis2 pentose phosphate pathway2 glyoxylate cycle2alternative oxidation system2 structure and function of lipids2 fatty acid biosynthesis2 lipids

synthesis2 structural and storage lipids2 and their catabolism!

3! =itrogen fixation2 nitrogen and sulphur metabolismC Kverview2 biological nitrogen fixation2nodule formation and nod factors2 mechanism of nitrate uptae and reduction2 sulfur

uptae2 transport and assimilation!

,! %ensory photobiologyC >istory of discovery of phytochromes and cryptochromes2 and their

photochemical and biochemical properties2 photophysiology of lightEinduced responses2molecular mechanism of action of photomorphogenic receptors2 signaling and gene

expression!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Buchanan2 B!B!2 8ruissem2 ! and Hones2 ;!0! 4---! Biochemistry and MolecularBiology of Plants! American %ociety of Plant Physiologists2 Maryland2 U%A!

4! #ennis2 #!"!2 "urpin2 #!>!2 0efebvre2 #!#! and 0ay1ell2 #!B! 5eds7 +..3! Plant

Metabolism 5second edition7! 0ongman2 (ssex2 (ngland!

! >ooyaas2 P!H!H!2 >all2 M!A! and 0ibbenga2 G!;! 5eds7 +...! Biochemistry andMolecular Biology of Plant >ormones! (lsevier2 Amsterdam2 "he =etherlands!

'! >opins2 !8! +..&! )ntroduction to Plant Physiology! Hohn iley I %ons2 )nc!2 =ew

Jor2 U%A!&! 0odish2 >!2 Ber2 A!2 Dipursy2 %!0!2 Ma1tsudaira2 P!2 Baltimore2 #! and #arnell2

H!4---! Molecular $ell Biology 5'th edition7! !>! 9reeman and $ompany2 =ew Jor2

U%A!6! Moore2 "!$! +.,.! Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant >ormones 5second edition7!

%pringerE*erlag! =ew Jor U%A!

3! =obel2 P!%! +...! Physiochemical and (nvironmental Plant Physiology 5%econd

edition7! Academic Press2 %an #iego2 U%A!


22/89

,! =oggle2 8!; and 9rit12 8!9! +.33! )ntroductory Plant Physiology! Prentice >all! =ew

#elhi!

.! %alisbury2 9!B! and ;oss2 $!! +..4! Plant Physiology 5' th edition7! adsworthPublishing $o!2 $alifornia2 U%A!

+-! %inghal2 8!%!2 ;enger2 8!2 %opory2 %!G!2 )rrgang2 G!#! and 8ovindFee +...! $oncepts in

PhotobiologyC Photosynthesis and Photomorphogenesis! =arosa Publishing >ouse2=ew #elhi!

++! "ai12 0! and Deiger2 (! +..,! Plant Physiology 54ndedition7! %inauer Associates2 )nc!2

Publishers2 Massachusetts2 U%A!+4! "homas2 B! and *inceEPrue2 #! 5+..37 Photoperiodism in Plants 5%econd edition7!

Academic Press2 %an #iego2 U%A!

BS 11?* aper @IV EOLOGY AND RE#OTE SENSING

+! $limate2 soil and vegetation pattern of the worldC 0ife 1ones maFor biomes2 maFor

vegetations and soil types of the world!4! *egetation organi1ationC $oncepts of community and continuum analysis of communities

5analytical and synthetic characters7 community coefficient interspecific associationsordination concept of ecological niche!

! *egetation developmentC "emporal changes 5cyclic and non cyclic7 mechanism of

ecological succession 5relay floristics and initial floristic composition 9acilitation2tolerance and inhibition models7 changes in ecosystem properties during succession!

'! (cosystem organi1ationC %tructure and functions primary production 5methods of

measurement2 global pattern2 controlling factors7 energy dynamics 5trophic organi1ation2

energy flow pathways2 ecological efficiencies7 litter fall and decomposition 5mechanism2substrate quality and climatic factors72 global biogeochemical cycles of $2 =2 P and %

mineral cycle 5pathways2 processes2 budgets7 in terrestrial ecosystems!

&! Biological diversityC $oncepts and levels role of biodiversity in ecosystem functions andstability speciation and extinction )U$= categories of threat distribution in global

patterns terrestrial biodiversity hot spots inventory!

6! Air2 water and soil pollutionC Ginds sources quality parameters effects on plants andecosystems!

3! $limate changeC 8reenhouse gases 5$K42 $>'2 =4K2 $9$s sources2 trends and role7

K1one layer and o1one hole consequences of climate changes 5$K4 fertili1ation2 global

warming2 sea level rise2 U* radiation7!,! (cosystem stabilityC $oncept 5resistance and resilience7 ecological perturbation 5natural

and anthropogenic7 and their impact on plants and ecosystems ecology of plant invasion

environmental impact assessment ecosystem restoration!.! 9ire as an ecological factorC "ypes2 role of fire2 extent and causes of fire in forest2

grasslands and in tropical savanna2 fuel load2 controlled burning2 fire in different forest

types in Uttaranchal fire as management tool!+-! (cological managementC $oncept sustainable development2 sustainability indicators!

++! ;emote %ensingC $oncepts and stages in the acquisition of remote sensing data %pectral

signature2 Photographic and non photographic sensors2 %pace Plat forms!


23/89

+4! Basic principles of Photogrammetry and Photo interpretation!

+! Application of remote sensing in ecological and forestry research!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Barbour2 M!8!2 Bur2 H!>! and Pitts2 !#! +.,3! "errestrial Plant (cology! BenFamin/$ummings Publication $ompany2 $alifornia

4! Begon2 M!2 >arpor2 H!0! and "ownsend2 $!;! +..6! (cology! Blacwell %cience2

$ambridge2 U!%!A!! $hapman2 H!0! and ;eiss2 M!H! +.,,! (cologyC Principles and Applications! $ambridge

University Press2 $ambridge2 U!G!

'! >eywood2 *!>! and atson2 ;!"!+..&! 8lobal Biodiversity Assesment! $ambridge

University Press!&! Gershaw2 G!A! Nuantitative and #ynamic (cology! Kxford and )B>! Gormondy2 (!H!

+..6! $oncepts of (cology! PrenticeE>all of )ndia Pvt! 0td!2 =ew #elhi!

6! Kdum2 (!P! +.,!Basic (cology! %aunders2 Philadelphia

3! %mith2 ;!0! +..6! (cology and 9ield Biology! >arper $ollins2 =ew Jor!

BSE 11 aper @Va* REO#BINANT DNA TEHNOLOGY

+! %cope of r#=A technology in various sectors2 *ehiclesC Plasmid and Bacteriophage

Purification of #=AC total #=A2 plasmid #=A and bacteriophage #=A en1ymes used in

manipulation of purified #=A!

4! $loning vectors based on,. coliplasmids2 cloning vectors based on M+ bacteriophage andO bacteriophage2 vectors for genomic library construction2 vectors for other bacteria!

*ectors for yeasts and other fungi2 higher plants2 animal cells!

! ;ationale for the design of vectors for the over expression of recombinant proteins'! %election of suitable promoter sequences2 ribosome binding sites2 transcription terminator2

fusion protein tags2 purification tags2 protease cleavage sites and en1ymes2 plasmid copy

number2 inducible expression system2 promoter probe vectors!&! (xperiments using model systemsC,. coli+ ;" and >A;" techniques7!

++!#=A sequencing methodsC %angerE$oulson method I MaxamE 8ilbert method! Automated

sequencing!


24/89

+4! hole genome analysisE preparation of ordered cosmid libraries2 bacteria artificial

chromosome libraries! P$; I its application! #=A finger printing 5;90P I ;AP#2 ;(PE

P$; etc!7! Bioinformatics!

S.((e)te" Rea"$n(;

+! Kld I Primrose! Principals of 8ene Manipulation!+..'! Blacwell %cientific Publisher

4! %ambroo I ;ussel! Molecular $loning! *olumes! 4---! $>%0 Press!! 8enome Analysis! 9our volumes 4--- $>% Press!

'! "!A! Brown! 8ene $loningC An )ntroduction! ))) ed! %tanley "hrones Publ!

BSE 11* aper @V &* EOSYSTE# ANALYSIS, GIS AND RE#OTE SENSING

ANALYSIS

Aer$a' 6oto(rap6! an" 6oto(rammetr! +A/;

+! 9undamentals of Aerial Photography2 >istory2 Aerial film processing2 Procurement2 and%ecurity of Aerial photographs2 (nergy source and atmospheric effects in aerial

photography! Principles of Aerial Photos 5flight planningon7!4! )ntroduction to Photogrammetry2 8eometry of Aerial photos2 %tereoscopic photography2

Measurement of >eight2 Aerial "riangulation!

! Principles and fundamentals of Aerial photo interpretation! Basics of $artography!

Remote Sen)$n( +RS/;

'! )ntroduction to ;emote %ensing! "he electromagnetic spectrum2 (nergy instruction with

atmosphere and earth surface2 satellite and sensors2 ;emote sensing data acquisition!

&! Principles and basic concepts of Multi spectral2 "hermal and hyperspectral %canningCAcrossEtrac and Along "rac multispectral %canning! >istory of %pace )maging

6! )mage )nterpretationC "ype of )magery2 elements of )nterpretation, "echniques of *isual

)nterpretation2 ;ole of remote sensing in ecological research!

D$($ta' Ima(e ro%e))$n( +DI/;

3! 9undamentals of digital image processing2 )mage rectification2 ;estoration and

(nhancement!,! )mage classificationC %upervised classification2 unsupervised classification2 >ybrid

classification2 PostEclassification smoothing and $lassification accuracy assessment!

.! Principles of microwave sensing2 8eometric characteristics2 %patial resolution! %paceborne

;adar %ystem2 Application of passive microwave sensing!

Geo$normat$%) +GIS/;

+-! Basics of $omputer2 >ardware and software2

++! Principles and basics of 8eographic )nformation %ystemC ;aster and *ector 8)%2 #atabase creation and management! =etwor Analysis2 %patial data integration and Modelling!

+4! Basics of 8lobal Positioning %ystem2 8P% %atellites and 8P% utility!

S.((e)te" Rea"$n();

+* 0illesand I Gieffer2 ;emote %ensing and )mage )nterpretation! Hohn iley I %ons2

=ew Jor!

4! %abins2 9!9!2 Hr! ;emote %ensingC Principles and interpretation!


25/89

! Bhatia2 %!$! 9undamentals of ;emote %ensing!

'! $handa2 #atta2 MaFumdar! #igital )mage Processing I Analysis!

&! $hang2 G!"! )ntroduction to 8eographic )nformation %ystems!6! ;ao2 et al!2 8eographic )nformation %ystem!

3! Hohnston $!A! 8eographic )nformation %ystems in ecology!

,! Ahmed2 (! ) I ;abbany! )ntroduction to 8lobal Positioning %ystem!.! Aronoff2 %! +..+! 8eographic )nformation %ystemsC A Management Perspective! Kttawa

#0 Publ!

+-! Barrett2 (!$! +.,4! )ntroduction of (nvironmental ;emote %ensing! $hapman and >all!++! Burrough2 P!A! +.,6! Principle of 8eographic )nformation %ystem for 0and ;esources

Assessment! Kxford University Press!

+4! $olwell2 ;!=! +.,! Manual of ;emote %ensing! *ol! )!)) American %ociety of

Photogrammetry!+! $urran2 P!H! +.,&! Principle of ;emote %ensing! 0ongman 8roup!

+'! #ury2 %!A! +..-! A 8uide to %ensing! )nterpreting )mage of (arth! iley and %ons!

+&! >ord2 ;!M! +.,6! ;emote %ensingC Method and Application2 Hohn iley and %ons!

+6! Henson2 H!;! +..6 )ntroductory #igital )mage Processing2 Prentice >all! =ew #elhi!+3! Hohnson2 P!l! +.6.! ;emote %ensing in (cology! Univ! 8eorgia Press2 Athens!

+,! ;ampal2 G!G! +.,4! "ext Boo of Photogrammetry! Kxford and )B> Press!2+.! ;ees2 !8! +..-! Physical Principles of ;emote %ensing2 $ambridge University Press!

4-! %chander2 (! +.362 ;emote %ensing for (nvironmental %ciences! %pringer *erlag!

4+!Ulaby2 9!"! Moor2 ;!G! and 9ung2 A!G! +.,4! Microwave ;emote %ensing Active andPassive! *ol! ) and )) esley Pub!

BSE 11* aper @V %;OREST EOLOGY

+ 9orests2 forestry and manC #efinition2 forests in geological ages2 forests in prehistoric era2shifting cultivation2 forests in historical time2 scientific forestry2 forest policy2 natural forest

policy2 private forest policy2 panned forest development2 forestry education in )ndia!

4! (ssential elements of forest ecologyC (xtent and boundaries2 physical features2 geology2river system2 soil2 landEuse pattern2 role in countrys economy2 forests and wild lands!

! 9orests and treesC 0ocality factors of the forests2 forest influences2 forest composition2 stand

structure2 dynamics and growth2 classification2 forest types and their distribution2 species

diversity'! ild 0ifeC %pecies and distribution2 %anctuaries2 Biosphere reserves2 wild life and

recreation!

&! 9orest conservancy and Potential ProductivityC %oil2 ater relation and nutrition2 soilerosion and conservation2 potential productivity of forests2 site quality evaluation!

6! 9orest $onservation and ManagementC

i7 )mpact of deforestation on soil and water2 ;ole of fireC type2 extent and cause of fire2fuel load2 fire and different forest types of >imalaya!

ii7 9orest resource management and forest resource information system!


26/89

iii7 9orest cover in )ndiaE%tate of Art2 8round inventory! Application of ;emote %ensing

and 8eographic )nformation %ystem 58)%7 in 0and cover mapping! *egetation and

forest type maps!3! (nvironmental )mpact AssessmentC Maintenance and conservational policies such as Hoint

9orest Management 5H9M7 and Agroforestry in the region!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Bir2 %!%! and $hatha2 8!%! +.,,! 9orest *egetation $haracteristics of )ndian >ills!

"oday and "omorrows Printers I Publ!2 =ew #elhi!4! #wivedi2 A!P! 9orestry in )ndia! Hugal Gishor and $ompany2 #ehradun!

! Misra2 ;! (cology or Boo! Kxford I )B> Publishing $o! =ew #elhi!

'! Mishra2 ;! and 8opal2 B! ;ecent Advances in "ropical (cologyC Part ) I ))!

)nternational %ociety for "ropical ecology2 *aranasi!&! =egi2 %!%! +.,! 9orest (cology! Bishen %ingh Mahendra Pal %ingh2 #ehradun!

6! Puri2 8!%!2 8upta2 ;!G!2 MeherE>omFi2 *!M! and Puri2 %! +.,.! 9orest (cologyC

Plant9orm2 #iversity2 $ommunities and %uccession! Kxford and )B> Publishing $o!

Pvt! 0td! =ew #elhi!3! Puri2 8!%!2 MeherE>omFi2 *!M!2 8upta2 ;!G! and Puri2 %! 9orest (cologyC *ol ) I ))!

Kxford and )B> Publishing $o! Pvt! 0td! =ew #elhi!,! %ingh2 8! +.,3! 9orest (cology of )ndia! ;awat Publications2 Haipur

.! %ingh2 H!%! and %ingh2 %!P! +..4! 9orests of >imalaya! $onsul Boo #epot!

8yanodayaPraashan2 =ainital! )ndia!+-! %ingh2 H!%! %ingh2 %!P! and 8upta2 %!;! 4--&! (cology2 (nvironment and ;esource

$onservation! Anamaya Publ!2 9E+&'/4 0adosarai2 =ew #elhiE ++- --

++! %ingh2 M!P! and *ishwaarma2 *! +..3! 9orest (nvironment and Biodiversity! #aya

Publ! >ouse2 #elhi!+4! areing2 ;!>! and %chlesinger2 !>! +.,&! 9orest (cosystemsC $oncepts

andManagement! Academic Press2 =ew Jor!

BSE 11* aper @V "* NATURAL RESOURE #ANAGE#ENT IN THE

HI#ALAYA

+! )ntroduction of )ndian and 8arhwal >imalaya2 "opographic2 geomorphic2 socioEeconomic

and demographic profile of Uttarahand!4! =atural resources and their classification! Utili1ation2 consumption pattern emphasi1ing with

sustainability of natural resource!

! =atural resource use and management2 policy and strategies for appropriate and sustainablenatural resource management and its sustainable management and its potential to livelihood

security!

'! %tatus of natural resources and its sustainable management in 8arhwal >imalaya! )ntegratedapproaches of natural resource management2 natural resource issue and strategies for their

management!

&! $oncept of environment management2 environmental protection and fundamental rights2

man I environment!


27/89

6! )ntroduction to environment impact assessment2 planning and significance!

3! #isaster management2 classification2 concept of landslide and earthquae in 8arhwal

>imalaya!,! 8lobal warming and climate change2 weather I modification2 loss of biodiversity! )ndicators

of climate change and consequences of climate changes! ;etreating of glaciers!

.! )mpact of climate change on natural resources with special reference to 8arhwal >imalayaand strategies for mitigation!

+-! ater resources2 status and conservation in )ndia!

++! atershed management techniques 5vegetation type conversion2 water harvesting2 reservoirconstruction2 drainage channeli1ation etc7!

+4! ater resources in Uttarahand 5glaciers2 laes and rivers of Uttarahand72 utili1ation

pattern #rainage systems of 8anga2 Jamuna and ;amganga!

+! (nvironment and prospects of hydropower development2 >ydroEelectric proFects and theireffects on natural resource management in Uttarahand! %trategies and policy for water

conservation in Uttarahand!

+'! Agroecosystem2 farming system2 traditional agriculture practices2 crop rotation 0and use

pattern2 landEform2 landEuse change2 soil erosion and productivity2 problems and curativemeasures!

+&! (ffect of climate change on agroEecosystem $onservation of crop diversity in 8arhwal>imalaya2 challenges of managing agroEbiodiversity in 8arhwal >imalaya!

+6! "raditional seed supply system of mountain farmers2 diversity and riss to crop genetic

resources2 agriculture policy!

%U88(%"(# ;(A#)=8%C

+! >eywood2 >!*! +..&! 8lobal Biodiversity Assessment!

4! 0ochwood2 M!2 orboys2 8!0! and Ashish2 G! 4--6! Managing Protected AreasC A 8lobal8uide!

! %ingh2 H!%! %ingh2 %!P! and 8upta2 %!;! 4--&! (cology2 (nvironment and ;esource

$onservation! Anamaya Publ!2 9E+&'/4 0adosarai2 =ew #elhiE ++- --! anamayapubvsnl!net!in

BSE 11* aper @V e; ALYNOLOGY AND OLLINATION BIOLOGY

+! 8eneral )ntroduction2 microsporogenesis2 microspore tetrads and polarity of spores

and pollen grains!

4! Pollen wall development and pollen chemistry2 $hemical nature of sporopollenin2development of pollen wall2 Ubisch body2 pollen wall proteins2 origin and formation

exineless pollen grains pollen expressed and pollen specific genes!

! Spore-po''en morp6o'o(!;%ymmetry2 shape2 si1e2 aperture patterns2 =P$ %ystemfor numerical expression of apertural details2 exine stratification2 surface structures

and sculptures of sporoderm 0KEanalysis and edgeEanalysis!

'! a!notaFonom!; %ystematic palynology2 identification ey and evolutionary trendsamong pollen grains based on palynotaxonomical wors!

&! Aeropa'!no'o(! $t6 reeren%e to a''er(!; Aeroal)ergens2 introductory idea of

)mmune %ystem with special reference to )g(! %tudy of airspora2 identification of


28/89

allergic taxa by in=io and in=itro tests with sporeEpollen extracts2 chemical nature

of exineEborne allergens2 allergic taxa of =orthEest >imalaya!

6! #e'$))opa'!no'o(!;)ndian species of honey bees2 importance of pollen grains asconstituent of beeEbread2 pollenEcollecting mechanism of honey bees2 analysis of

pollen load and honey sample in understanding bee forage2 obFectives of

melissopalynological studies2 important bee plants of =orthE est >imalaya!3! a'aeopa'!no'o(!; )ntroductory idea about palaeopalynological remains2

significance of palaeopalynology!

,! oren)$% pa'!no'o(!;#efinition and significance2 a few wellEnown case studies!.! o''$nat$on B$o'o(!; Pollen dispersal units pollination types2 contrivances for crossE

and selfEpollination pollen vectors2 pollination modes and flora organi1ation2 Pollen

viability and storage2 evolutionary trends in pollination modes!

+-! Breeding systems2 selfEincompatibility and compatibility control with reference topollenEpistil interactions and pollen biotechnology!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! $rane2 (va aler2 Penelope and #ay ;osemany!+.,'! #irectory of )mportant orld>oney %ourcesC )nternational Bee ;esearch Association2 0ondon!

4! (rdtman2 8! +.&4! Pollen Morphology and Plant "axonomy2 Angiosperms Almquist andisell2 %tocholm!

! Gnut %egril2 Hohnson )verson! +.3&! "ext boo of pollen analysis rdedition! Blacwell Publ!

'! =air2 P!G!G! +.66! (ssentails of Palynology Asia Publication >ouse 0ucnow!&! oodhouse2 ;!P! +.&! Pollen 8rainsC >afner Publication $o!

BSE 11* aper @V ;ROAGATION TEHNIUES

+! (nvironmental factors of PropagationC 9undamental microclimate and edaphic factors in thepropagation environment Managing the propagation environment Management of edaphic

factors in propagation Management of Biotic factorsEPathogen and Pest Management Post

propagation care4! %eed PropagationC %ources of seed2 >arvesting and processing seeds2 %eed testing and seed

storage #ormancy and regulation of germination 9ield nurseries for transplant production

! *egetative PropagationC %election and management of clones in vegetative propagation;easons for using clonal cultivars 8enetic basis of clones =onEgenetic variation within

clones Propagation sources of their management

'! Propagation by $uttingsC Kbservations of Adventitious root and bud formation 9actors

affecting regeneration of plants from cuttings Biochemical basis for Adventitious rootformation )mportance and advantages of propagation by cuttings "ypes of cutting2 stoc

plants2 rooting media Management practicesE $utting nutrition2 care of cuttings >andling

field propagated plants and container grown plants!&! Propagation by 8raftingC ;easons for grafting and budding2 =atural grafting Polarity and

genetic limits of grafting2 8raft incompatability "ypes of graftsC #etached scion graftage2

Approach graftage2 ;epair graftage %cionErootstoc relationship Aftercare of graftedplants!

6! "echniques of BuddingC ;ootstoc for budding "ime of budding "ypes of budding Micro

budding!


29/89

3! 0ayering and its natural modificationsC Physiology of regeneration by layering Procedures

in 0ayering Management of plants during layering Plant modifications resulting in natural

layering,! MicroEpropagationC MicroEpropagation of plantlets from tissue culture "ypes of systems

used to regenerate plantlets by microEpropagation $allus2 cell and protoplast culture

systems!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! BaFaF JP%! 5ed7! +.,,!1iotechnology in Agriculture and 0orestry! %pringerE*erlag!

4! 8upta P!G! 4---!,lements o9 1iotechnology! ;astogi Pub!

! Gumar %! and %ingh M!P! 4--,!Plant !issue Culture! AP> Pub!

'! Mandal A!G and 8ibson 8!0! 5ed!7! +..3!0orest "enetics and !ree 1reeding! $B%!&! >ong2 "! #! and (llis2 ;! >! +..6!A protocol to determine seed storage ehaiour!

)P8;) "echnical Bulletin =o! +! 5H! M! M! (ngels and H! "oll2 vol! (ds!7 )nternational

6! Ghullar2 P! et al! +..4!0orest seed! )$9;(2 =ew 9orest2 #ehra #un!

3! 0eadem2 $!0! +.,'! >uic# !ests 9or !ree Seed ?iaility! B!$! Ministry of 9orests and 0ands2 $anada!

,! %chmidt2 0! 4---! "uide to handling o9 tropical and sutropical 9orest seed!#A=)#A 9orest %eed $entre2 #enmar!

.! )%"A! +..!International Rules 9or Seed !esting! )nternational %eed "esting

Association2 Durich2 %wit1erland!+-! >artman2 >!H! et al!2 +..- C Plant propagation ! Principles and practices! Prentice >all2

=ew #elhi!

++! %chwal1! M! +.3&! 8uide to commercial hydrophonics! )srael Univerisity2 Herusalem!

+4! %harma2 *!G! +..6! Plant =urseriesC "echniques2 production and management! )ndianPub! =ew #elhi!

+! %adhu2 M!G! +.,. C Plant propagation! =ew Age Pub! =ew #elhi!

+'! %! %! BhoFwani and M! G! ;a1dan! +..6! Plant tissue cultureC "heory and Practice! (lsevier Publishers2 Amsterdam!

+&! #ixon ;! A! and 8on1ales ;! A! 5(d!7 +..'! Plant cell culture2 a practical approach!

%econd (dition! Kxford University Press2 Kxford!+6! 8amborg K! 0!and 8! $! Phillips! +..&! Plant cell2 tissue and organ culture2

fundamental methods! %pringer )nternational student (dition!

+3! S6arma,R*R* an" #an$)6 Sr$a)taa* 'ant ropa(at$on an" N.r)er!

#ana(ement +Har"%oer/*

+,! Aldriance 8 and Brison 9; 54---7 Propagation of horticultural plants! Mc 8row

>ill Boo $ompany! )nc2 =ew Jor!

+.! Bose "! G!2 Mitra %!G!2 %adhu M!G! and #as P! 5+..37 Propagation of "ropical and%ub tropical >orticultural $rops! ))nd (dition2 =aya Praash2 $alcutta!

4-! %harma ;; 54--47 Propagation of >orticultural cropsC Principles and Practices!

Galyani Publishers2 =ew #elhi!
http://www.flipkart.com/author/manish-srivastav/http://www.flipkart.com/author/manish-srivastav/


30/89

BSE 11C aper @VIa* LANT HEALTH #ANAGE#ENT

+! Basic procedure in diagnosis of plant diseasesC %ignificance of plant diseases! (ffects ofchanges in agricultural methods and human society on the development and spread of plant

diseases!

4! %eed PathologyC %eed borne fungi! #isease transmitted through seeds! Biodeterioration ofseed in storage! $ontrol of seed borne fungi!

! =ursery diseaseC )mportant disease of nursery plants!

Plantation diseaseC Plantation disease of $hir pine2,ucalyptus2 %al2 "ea2 %hisam2Populus2Acacia5$atechu7!

)mportant disease of cash cropsC %ugarcane2 Potato and 8inger! >ow plants defend

themselves against pathogen! $ontrol of crop and forest disease! "reatment of wounds!

)ntroduction and various forms of Mycorrhi1a! ;ole of Mycorrhi1a in 9orestry!#iseases of cereals and Millets!

#iseases of vegetables and fruit trees!

SUGGESTED READINGS;

+! Bilgrami2 G!%! +.,&! "ext Boo of Modern Plant Pathology! Bishen %ingh MahendraPal

4! %ingh #ehradun!

! Butler2 (!H! +.3! 9ungi and #isease in Plants2 )ntern2 Boo #istributers! #ehradun!'! %ingh2 ;!%!+.,! Plants #iseases! Kxford and )B> Publ! $o! =ew #elhi!

&! %ingh2 ;!%! Principle of Plants Pathology! Kxford and )B> Publ! $o! =ew #elhi

6! %trobel2 8!A! and #!(!2 Mathre +.3-! Kutlines of Plant Pathology! *an =ostrand

3! ;einhold $o! =ew Jor!,! "arr2 %!A!H! +.34! "he Principle of Plants Pathology! inchester Press2 =ew Jor!

.! estern2 H!>! +.3+! #iseases of $rop Plants! Mc Millan Press 0ondon!

BSE 11C * aper @VI &* DIVERSITY AND ULTIVATION O #USHROO#S

+! 8eneral characteristics and life historyC ;eproduction2spore print2 dissemination2 growthsi1e2 colour and surface textures2 odour2 taste2 (xudation and fairy rings Bioluminescence

and economic importance!

4! Biodiversity of Mushrooms!

! %tatus of Mushroom research in )ndia!'! (thnomycological approach of mushrooms2 especially in Uttarahand >imalaya!

&! (dible and poisonous mushrooms! Mushroom recipes2 mushroom toxins2 disease and pests

of mushrooms!6! )ntroduction to mushroom groups!

3! "axonomic study of order AgaricalesE %ystematics of dar spored families vi1!2

Boletaceae2 Bolbiteaceae2 Boudar1ewiaceae2 $ortivariaceae2 $oprinaceae2 $repidotaceae2(ntomataceae2 8omphideaceae2 Paxillaceae2 ;ussulaceae %ystematics of light spored

families! Agaricaceae2 Amanitaceae2 >ygrophoraceae2 Pluteaceae2 "richolomataceae!

,! Krder AphyllophoralesC )ntroduction and %ystematics of $antharelloid forms2 "helephoroid

forms2 $upuloid forms2 $lavarioid forms2 hydnoid forms and poroid forms!


31/89

.! 8asteromycetesC )ntroduction and %ystematics of order >ymenogastrales2 0ycoperdales2

=idulariales2 Phallales2 Podaxales and %clerodermatales!

+-! #=A isolation2 amplification and )"% ;(0P2 ;AP# Analysis #=A Primers and marersP$; machine and woring nowledge 8el (lectrophoresis2 Use of 8eldoc2 %equence and

Phylogenetic data analysis!

++! $omputer application in Mushroom %cience2 9ormation of clade2 dendrograms andsequence alignment Gnowledge to submit mushroom sequence data online2 =$B)2

M(8A' and Muttalign!

+4!(cology of mushrooms! ;ole of mushrooms in forest ecosystem!+! Mycorrhi1a endomycorrhi1a 5arbuscular mycorrhi1a72 (ctendomycorrhi1a 5arbutoid

mycorrhi1a72 (ricoid mycorrhi1a2 Monotropoid mycorrhi1a and orchid mycorrhi1a!

+'! "issue culture in wild mushrooms!

+&! Preparation of compostE paddy straw2 saw dust!+6! $ultivation of edible and medicinal mushroomsC Agaricus+ Calocye+ 0lammulina+

"anoderma+ Hericium+ Lentinus+ Pleurotus !

SUGGESTED READINGS;+! Allen2 M!9! +..+! "he (cology of Mycorrhi1a! $ambridge Univ! Press2 $ambridge!

4! Bashi2 B!G! +.3'! Mycorrhi1a and its role in forestry2 9;)2 #ehradun!! $hang2 %!"! and !A! >ayes! +.3,! !he 1iology and Cultiation o9 ,dile Mushrooms!

Academic Press!

'! >acsaylo2 (! +.3+! Mycorrhi1ae2 U%#A 9orest %ervice Publ! =o! ++,.! U% 8ovt!Printing Kffice2 ashington2 #$!

&! >awsworth2#0 %utton2 B!$! and Ainsworth 8!$! +.,! #ictionary of the 9ungi! Ge,S.rre!, En('an"!

6! Grieger2 0$$! +.63! "he Mushroom >andboo! #over Publications! )=$ =ew Jor!3! 0argent2 #!0! +.33! >ow to identify Mushrooms to genusQ ) Macroscopic features!

Mad ;iver Press! )nc! (urea!

,! Miller2 K!G! Hr! +.,+! Mushrooms of =orth America! (P #utton2 =ew Jor!.! %inger2 ;! +.,6! "he Agaricales in Modern "axonomy! B%MP%2 #ehradun!

+-! %tamets2 P! and H!%! $hitton +.,! "he Mushroom $ultivator2 Agarion Press2 Klympia2

ashington!

BSE 11C* aper @VI% ENVIRON#ENT #ANAGE#ENT AND BASIS O

NANOTEHNOLOGY

+! )ntroduction to the (nvironmental Management2 MaFor (nvironmental Problems2(nvironmental ethics ;esource and conflicts2 (nvironmental 0aws %tocholm

$onference2 "he (arth summit2 "he $openhagen $onference2 (nvironmental Protection

and 9undamental rights2 (nvironmental 8overnance in )ndia2 Man and (nvironment2 "radeand (nvironment the "K and 8A"%2 (nvironment $oncerns and "K!

4! )ntroduction to the (nvironmental )mpact Assessment Planning and %ignificance2 ()A

practices and future trends in )ndia 0egal frame wor for ()A! )mpact of forest fires2

9orest 9ire Assessment and ;is Donation! "hermal power stations2 Power line and roads2
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/ew,%20Surrey,%20Englandhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/ew,%20Surrey,%20Englandhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/ew,%20Surrey,%20Englandhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/ew,%20Surrey,%20England


32/89

;iver valley proFects2 Urbani1ation and )ndustriali1ation2 Mining activities2 8>8s2 $9$s2

fossil fuels etc!2 9lood monitoring2 %now melt and 8laciers2 K1one 0ayer #epletion!

Principles of (nvironmental Analysis2 ;ole of remote sensing in ()A!! (nvironmental Management and =atural ;esources2 Air Pollution 2 ater Pollution and its

Management2 (nvironmental Pollution Act aste disposal and management2 )ntegrated

solid waste management2 ;ecycling2 )ncineration2 %anitary landfill2 %ewage disposal andsewage treatment >a1ardous wastes!

'! (nvironmental policy and environmental management system2 Audit items and auditprocedures2 )%K $ertification!

&! atershed managementC #efinition and basic concepts2 Aims and Principles2 )mportance of

integrated watershed management2 Principal watershed problems of )ndia!

6! Basic concept of ecosystem and community2 Biological populations and communities2(cological niches2 interaction among species2 Gey stone species2 %pecies diversity and

edge effects2 MaFor terrestrial and aquatic biomes2 (nergy 9low2 9ood webs and trophic

levels2 (cosystem diversity2 $limate shifts2 %pecies movements!

3! Biodiversity and conservation2 In=situand e6=situconservation2 )ndigenous nowledge andbiodiversity conservation2 0oss of biodiversityE causes and its impact $onvention on

biodiversity2 MaFor Biodiversity resources! 8lobal trends of invasive species2 threats andmanaging invasive plants!

,! Protected areas concept and purpose2 type of protected areas and threats2 )n situ

conservation and protected areas ;ole of local communities in protected areamanagement!

.! ;enewable (nergy Production and ManagementC (nergy concepts2 present global energy

use2 future energy needs2 renewable needs2 energy conservation!

+-! Biofuel plantsE7atropha2 sugarcane and oil crops2 Biofuel plantation2 energy criteria forspecies selection2 achievement of sustainable Biofuel production Bioconversion2

utili1ation of biomass sources2 )ncineration of organic wastes for energy! Alien invasive

species and bioenergy production Bioenergy and food production controversies! $arbonsequestration and carbon pools!

++! )ntroduction to nanotechnology and nanomaterials2 special nanomaterials!

+4! %ynthesis of nanomaterialsC Physical methods 5Mechanical and vapour72 chemical methods5colloids2 solEgel2 0angmuirE Blodgett films2 microemulsion72 biological methods 5using

biomembranes2 #=A2 en1ymes and micro organisms7! Properties of nanomaterials2

mechanical2 structural2 electrical2 optical2 magnetic and melting properties!

+! Analytical techniquesE Microscopes2 electron microscopes2 scanning probe microscopes5%PM72 #iffraction techniques2 %pectroscopy2 magnetic measurements!

+'! Application of nanotechnology in tissue repair2 biotechnology2 medical fields and cleaning

up environment!

SUGGESTED READINGS

+! 9AK $onservation 8uide =os! +42 +/+2 +/2 +/'2 +/62 +'! ;ome!

4! >eywood2 >!*! +..&! 8lobal Biodiversity Assessment!

! 0ochwood2 M!2 orboys2 8!0! and Ashish2 G! 4--6! Managing Protected AreasC A

8lobal 8uide!


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'! ;amarishnan2 P!%!2 %axena2 G!8! and $handrasheara2 U!M! +..,! $onserving the

sacred for Biodiversity Management! Kxford and )B> Publ! $o! =ew #elhi

&! ;ichard2 P!P! +..,! (ssentials of $onservation Biology! Boston University!6! Gularni2 %ulabha! %! 4--3! =anatechnologyC Principles and Practices! $apital

Publishing $o! =ew #elhi!

BSE 11C* aper @VI "* BIOINOR#ATIS AND BIOLOGIAL DATA BASE

+! $oncepts2 overview and scope of bioinformatics2 Bioinformatics and the )nternet2 Basic

principles of computing in bioinformatics2 Use of databases in BiologyC primary databasesC

8ene Ban2 %)%%P;K"2 P#B speciali1ed databasesC P9AM2 %$KP2 P;K%)"( database

querying using eywords and search engines!4! Annotated sequence databases2 8enome and organismEspecific databases2 miscellaneous

databases2 %equencing #=A2 ;=A and proteins2 determination of protein structure2 8ene

and protein extraction data!

! #ata retrieval with (ntre12 #B8("/0in #B and %;% 5sequence retrieval system72%equences similarity searches2 Amino acid substitution matrices2 databases searches with

9A%"A and B0A%"2 Multiple sequences alignment and family relationships2 Proteinfamilies and pattern databases!

'! Principles of genome annotation2 Annotation tools and resources2 $onceptual models of

protein structure2 protein structure and function2 Kbtaining2 viewing and analysingstructural data2 $lassification of proteins of nown threeEdimenstional structureC $A"> and

%$KP2 Protein structure prediction2 %econdary structure prediction!

&! Microarray data analysis2 tools and resources2 %equences sampling and %A8(2 Analysing

data from 4#EPA8( gels2 Analysing protein mass spectrometry data2 modeling andrestructuring molecular pathways2 Protein interaction informatics2 >igherEorder models!

6! Phylogenetics2 cladistics and ontology Building phylogenetic trees (volution of

macromolecular sequences!3! $hemoinformatic resources2 $onventions in representing molecules2 Pharmainformatics!

SUGGESTED READINGS

+! Attwood2 "!G! I ParryE%mith2 #!H! +...! )ntroduction to Bioinformatics! Addison

esley 0ongman2 >arlow2 (ssex!

4! Baxevanis2 Andreas #! I Nuellette2 B!9! 9rancis 4--'! BioinformaticsC A Practical8uide to the Analysis of 8enes and Proteins2 rd edition! iley Blacwell!

! Brown2 "!A! 4--6! 8enomes ! 8arland %cience!

'! 0es2 A!M! 4--&! )ntroduction to Bioinformatics2 rd edition! Kxford University Press2Kxford!

&! Mount2 #!! 4--'! BioinformaticsC %equence and 8enome Analysis! $old %pring

>arbor 0aboratory Press2 U!%!6! Parish2 H!! I "wyman2 ;!M! 4--4! )nstant =otes in Bioinformatics! "aylor I 9rancis!

3! Patthy2 0! +...! Protein (volution! Blacwell %cience 0td!2 Kxford!

,! Primrose2 %!B! I "wyman2 ;! Principles of 8enome Analysis and 8enomics!

Blacwell2 Kxford!


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.! Dyelibil2 M I Baum2 H!K! 4--3! Understanding Bioinformatics! 8arland %cience!

Data&a)e S$te)

www!ncbi!nlm!nih!gov

www!dnalc!org

www!hugoEinternational!orgwww!enseml!org

aper @VIe;SEED ATHOLOGY

+! )ntroduction2 terminology and historical development2 seed health and its importance!

4! Ginds of seed borne pathogensC fungi2 bacteria2 viruses2 viroides and nematodes!

! "ypes of damage caused by the seed borne fungi to seeds and crops!'! =ature of seed infection! %ystemic infection through flower2 fruit and seed stoc! Penetration

through seed coat2 natural openings and inflicted openings!

&! 0ongevity of seed borne pathogens! 9actors influencing longevity!

6! (piphytology of seed borne diseases2 monocyclic and polycyclic diseases3! #etection of seed borne pathogens2 obFectives of seed health testing! "esting methods for

seed borne fungi2 seed borne bacteria2 seed borne viruses and seed borne nematodes!,! %tudy of seed borne diseases of certain specific crops2 cereals2 millets2 pulses2 oil crops2

fibre crops2 and vegetable and timber crops

.! $ontrol of seed borne pathogensC selection of seed production areas2 crop management2 seedtreatment2 certification2 plant quarantine and disease resistance!

SUGGESTED READINGS

+! =eegard P! +.33! %eed Pathology *ol ) and ))! MacMillan Press2 0ondon

4! %uryanarayan2 #! +.3,! %eed Pathology! *ias Publ! >ouse! Pvt! 0td! =ew #elhi!! Hha2 #!G! +..&! A "ext Boo of %eed Pathology! *ias Publ! >ouse! Pvt! 0td! =ew

#elhi!

'! Agarwal2 *!G! +.3,! Principles of %eed Pathology! )n 5ed!7 Hames B!%! %indair!$;$Press! )) (dition!

&! #esai2 B!B! %eed >andboo! $;$ Press!

6! %ingh2 8urnam2 %eed Pathology! Pointer Publisher2 Haipur!

3! %ing2 "! %eed "echnology and %eed Pathology ! Pointer Publisher2 Haipur!,! =ene2 J!0! and Agarwal2 *!G! +.3,! %ome seed borne diseases and their control! )$A;2

=ew #elhi

@VI ; ALIED LANT ANATO#Y

+! #ifferent types of microscopes2 their woring and utility!

4! %ources of "imber! )mportance of nowledge of wood structure!

! >ow wood is formedC $ambium and its derivations2 secondary growth2 Fuvenile wood and

mature wood!
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/http://www.dnalc.org/http://www.hugo-international.org/http://www.enseml.org/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/http://www.dnalc.org/http://www.hugo-international.org/http://www.enseml.org/


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'! Physical features of wood visible on the cross surface of log2 sapwood and heart wood2

growth rings and growth mars2 colour2 luster2 odour and taste2 weight2 grain2 texture!

&! 8ross features of wood visible on longitudinal surface of wood!6! Ultra structure of wood and techniquesC (lectron microscope2 ultra structure of cell wall2

microEfibril angle!

3! =atural defects of woodC ;eaction wood2 Gnots2 %ilica content and other defects due tostress! #efects of timbers to utili1ation!

,! ood structure in relation to properties and uses!

.! $riteria and methods of assessment of wood quality in plantation grown timbers2 vi1C,ucalyptusandPoplarfor pulp and timber!

SUGGESTED READINGS

+! ilson and hyte "ext Boo of ood "echnology! >P Brown2 Mc8raw >ill2 =ew

Jor!

4! )ndian 9orest Utili1ation! 9;) *ol! ) and ))! $omparative ood Anatomy! %herwin

$arlquist!! ;amesh ;ao2 G and HuniFa! 9ield )dentification of &- important timbers of )ndia2 9;)!

'! "ieman Pitman! ood "echnology! =ew Jor!&! 9oster2 A%2 =ostrand2 # *an! Practical Plant Anatomy! =ew Jor!

6! 8upta2 %! Atlas of )ndian >eartwoodsE their anatomical features and photomicrographs!

3! 9ahn2 A! Plant Anatomy! Pergamon Press!

BS 11 @VII LABORATORY OURSE I

A! Practical (xercises based on B%$ ++

+! "o study the effect of temperature upon the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane!4! "o determine the osmotic pressure 5potential7 of cell saps of living cells by plasmolytic

method and also by using G=Kand sugar solution and to calculate the isotonic coefficient

of sugar!! "o determine the diffusion pressure deficit of plant cells!

'! "o set up a ilmotts bubbler and to study the effect of the following on the rate of

photosynthesis 5a7 varying $K4concentration and 5b7 different wavelengths of light!

&! "o extract the four pigments i!e! chlorophyll a I b2 carotene and xanthophylls from thegreen leaves and preparation of their absorption spectrum!

6! "o separate the four pigments i!e! chlorophyll a I b2 carotene and xanthophylls from the

green leaves by paper chromatography and column chromatography!3! "o determine the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio in $and $'plants!

,! "o study the effect of time and en1yme concentration on the rate of reaction of en1yme

5acid phosphatase2 nitrate reductase7!.! "o study the effect of substrate concentration on activity of any en1yme and determination

of its Gm value!

+-! "o separate the amino acids by paper chromatography!

++! Principles of colorimetry2 spectrophotometry and flourimetry!


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B! Practical (xercises based on B%$ ++'

+! "o determine the minimum si1e of the quadrat by species area curve method and minimum

number of quadrats to be laid down in the field under study!

4! "o determine the frequency2 density and abundance of each species present in community!! "o calculate relative frequency and relative density of each species in a given area!

'! "o calculate mean basal cover and total basal cover of each species in a given area!

&! "o compute the relative dominance and )*) 5)mportance *alue )ndex7 of each species in agiven area!

6! "o calculate the Alpha 57 diversity2 Beta 57 diversity and total diversity of given

community!

3! "o calculate water holding capacity of three samples of various soil types and to find thepercolation percentage of water in the given soil!

,! "o find out the bul density and porosity of different soil types

.! %tereo test!

+-! "o test the p> and the buffering properties of soils!++! %tudy of types of aerial photos and satellite data products!

+4! Krientation of stereo model under mirror stereoscope!

S.((e)te" #an.a') or 6!)$o'o($%a' EFer%$)e)

+! BaFracharya2 #! +...! (xperiments in Plant PhysiologyC A 0aboratory Manual! =arosa

Publishing >ouse2 =ew #elhi!

4! $opeland2 ;!A! +..6! (n1ymesC A Practical )ntroduction to %tructure2 Mechanism and

#ata Analysis! *$> Publishers2 =ew Jor!! #ryer2 ;!0! and 0ata2 8!9! +.,.! (xperimental Biochemistry! Kxford University Press2

=ew Jor!'! >arborne2 "!$! 5+.,+7! Phytochemical MethodsC A 8uide to Modern "echniques ofPlant Analysis! $hapman I >all2 0ondon!

&! =infa2 A!H! and Ballou2 #!P! +..,! 9undamental 0aboratory approaches for

Biochemistry and Biotechnology! 9it1gerald %cience Press2 )nc!2 Maryland2 U%A!6! Plummer2 #!"! +.,,! An )ntroduction to Practical Biochemistry! "ata Mc8rawE >ill

Publishing co! 0td!2 =ew #elhi!

S.((e)te" #an.a') or E%o'o($%a' EFer%$)e);

+! AP>AE %tandard Methods for the (xamination of ater and aste ater! AmericanPublic >ealth Association2 ashington2 #$!

4! #ownie2 =!M! and >eath2 ;!! +.,,! Basic %tatistical Methods!

! Gapoor /8ovil! 4---! (xperimental Plant (cology!'! Grebs2 $!H! +.,.! (cological Methodol

Documents

Botany Microbiology